Ms.

Amna Riaz
Lecturer, Department of Statistics, UOG
Email: amna.riaz@uog.edu.pk

Chapter 3: Measure of central Tendency

Sher Muhammad Ch.
1- Arithmetic Mean

The arithmetic mean or simply the mean is the most familiar average. It is defined as a value
obtained by dividing the sum of all the observations by their number, that is

Mean=
∑ of all the observations
Number of observations

x 1+ x2 +…+ x N ∑ x i
μ= = (i=1 , 2 , … , N )
N N

x 1+ x 2 +…+ x n ∑ xi
x= = (i=1 , 2 ,… , n)
n n
Population mean is a fixed quantity whereas sample mean is a variable because different samples
from the same population have different means.

Arithmetic Mean for Grouped Data:

x 1 f 1+ x 2 f 2 +…+ x k f k
x=
f 1 + f 2 ,+ … ,+f k

x=
∑ x i f i (i =1, 2 , … , k )
∑ fi
∑ xi f i
x=
n
∑ f i=n
Example 3.4 (Sher Muhammad Ch.):

Calculate the mean weight of apples from the data given in example 2.2 from the data grouped in
to a frequency distribution. Also Prove the property the sum of the deviations of the observation
x 'i sfrom their mean x , taken with their signs is equal to zero i.e. ∑ f i ( xi −x )=0 .
Solution:
The following data of weights (grams) of 60 apples is

106 107 76 82 109 107 115 93 187 95 123 125

111 92 86 70 126 68 130 129 139 119 115 128

100 186 84 99 113 204 111 141 136 123 90 115

98 110 78 185 162 178 140 152 173 146 158 194

148 90 107 181 131 75 184 104 110 80 118 82

The arithmetic mean from the data grouped in to a frequency distribution

Mid-Point Frequency
Class Limits Class Boundaries xi f i (x i−x ) (x i−x )
(x ¿¿ i) ¿ ( f i)
65- 84 64.5-84.5 74.5 9 670.5 74.5-122.5 = -48 - 432
85 – 104 84.5 - 104.5 94.5 10 945 94.5-122.5 = -28 - 280
105 – 124 104.5 - 124.5 114.5 17 1946.5 114.5-122.5 = -8 - 136
125 – 144 124.5 - 144.5 134.5 10 1345 134.5-122.5 =12 120
145 – 164 144.4 - 164.5 154.5 5 772.5 154.5-122.5 = 32 160
165 – 184 164.5 - 184.5 174.5 4 698 174.5-122.5 = 52 208
185 – 204 184.5 - 204.5 194.5 5 972.5 194.5-122.5 = 72 360

Total ∑ f i=n=60∑ x i f i =7350 0

x=
∑ xi f i
∑ fi
7350
x= =122.5 grams
60