30/01/2021

Contents
• Range
• Variance
• Standard Deviation
Immanuel T. San Diego, M.S. • Coefficient of Variation

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Measures of Variability Range, R

 Also known as measures of dispersion or variation
 These indicate how close (far apart) are the values
from the measure of central tendency, mean,
showing the reliability of the average.
 A large amount of dispersion indicates that the
data are more widely spread out from the mean.
 The most common of these are the range, variance
and standard deviation.
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the range of the set of data is the difference between
the highest and the lowest values on the data set.
 easy to compute but less reliable measure of
variability, since influenced by extremely large or
small values
 simply subtract the lowest value (LV) from the
highest value (HV) on the data set
R  HV  LV

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Variance How to compute the sample variance?

s2 is the symbol used for sample variance
2 is the symbol used for population
variance s 
2 
 xx 2

othe mean of the squared deviations n 1

where
between the mean and each value on x – observed value
the data set. x - sample mean
not influenced by large or small values. f – frequency of the observed value
the unit of the value is in square units. n – total number of values

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Standard Deviation Coefficient of Variation

 measure of dispersion, expressed in percent, that allows to
s is the symbol used for sample standard deviation compare standard deviations when the units are different.

 is the symbol used for population standard  the smaller the coefficient
Formula:
of variation the more
deviation
square root of the variance S uniform and homogenous
C .V .  x100 % is the data.
–most widely reported measures of dispersion. X
where:  the larger the coefficient of
the unit of the value is the same as the original s = sample standard deviation variation the more variable
is the data
data. x = sample mean

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Example . The
average score on Compute for the coefficient of
an English final variation for each exam:
exam was 85
with a standard
deviation of 5; 5
and the average
CV English = x100%  5.88%
85
score in Math
final exam was
3
75 with a CV Math = 𝑥100%  4%
standard 75
deviation of 3.
Which exam is Since 5.88% > 4%, then the English
more variable? exam is more variable than the Math
exam.

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