11/12

11/12
Introduction
to Philosophy
of the Human Person
Quarter I -Module 4
Realizing that the Methods
of Philosophy Lead to Wisdom
and Truth

CONTEXTUALIZED LEARNING-INSTRUCTION KIT

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PUERTO PRINCESA CITY

Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person – SHS
Contextualized Learning-Instruction Kit (CLIK)
Quarter I - Module 4: Realizing that the methods of philosophy lead to wisdom
and truth.
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, Section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for the exploitation of such work for a profit.
Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every
effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Published by the Schools Division of Puerto Princesa City

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Blessie Joy B. Penaflor (San Jose National High School)

Content Editor: ( Puerto Princesa City Science High

School)

Language Editor: Llewelyn Anne M. Venturillo (San Jose National High School)

Reviewer: Shirley F. Lilang, EPS-Values Education

Proofreader: Leonebell P. Dacuan ( San Jose National High School)

Illustrator: Blessie Joy B. Penaflor (San Jose National High School)

Layout Artist: Blessie Joy B. Penaflor (San Jose National High School)

Management Team:
Servillano A. Arzaga, CESO V, SDS
Mabel F. Musa, PhD, OIC-ASDS
Cyril C. Serador, PhD, CID Chief
Ronald S. Brillantes, EPS-LRMS Manager
Shirley F. Lilang, EPS I
Eva Joyce C. Presto, PDO II
Rhea Ann A. Navilla, Librarian II

Division of Puerto Princesa City-Learning Resource Management Section (LRMS)

Sta. Monica Heights, Bgy. Sta. Monica, Puerto Princesa City
Telephone Number: (048) 434 9438
Email Address: puertoprincesa@deped.gov.ph
 11/12

Introduction
to Philosophy
of the Human Person
Quarter I -Module 4
Realizing that the Methods
of Philosophy Lead to Wisdom
and Truth

This module was collaboratively developed and reviewed by

educators and program supervisors from public schools of the Division of
Puerto Princesa City. We encourage teachers and other education
stakeholders to email their feedback, comments, and recommendations
to the Department of Education, Division of Puerto Princesa City at
puertoprincesa@deped.gov.ph.

We value your feedback and recommendations.

 Introductory Message

For the Teachers:

This learning material is designed to help learners enrich their learning
experiences by answering activities that are meaningful to their lives which can be
done by themselves. A variety of enjoyable tasks are presented.
Activities are provided as formative assessments to check from time to time the
learner’s understanding of the lesson. Given the range of learning activities in this
package, teachers are encouraged to freely adapt them to suit their school contexts
and learners’ needs, interests, and abilities.

For the Learner:

This Learning Resource Realizing that the methods of philosophy lead to
wisdom and truth. is developed for you to enjoy while learning. There are various
activities and check-up tests you need to take.
Take note of the instructions as you journey through this module to have a solid
understanding of what you are expected to accomplish. Carefully read and follow the
instructions to hit what you are expected to do.
Answer keys are provided which you can refer to when checking your answers.
Record your score at the Learner’s Progress Chart and inform your teacher on your
development.
Feel free to use this material and if progress is not evident, you can make use
of it again until such that the desired passing mark is achieved.

As you read through this module, you will notice the following icons. They will
help you find your way around the module more quickly.

What I Need This will give you an idea of the skills or

competencies you are expected to learn in the
to Know module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to check

what you already know about the lesson to
take.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link the

current lesson with the previous one.

In this portion, the new lesson will be

What’s New introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity, or a situation.
 This section provides a brief discussion of the
What is It lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic.

What I Have This includes questions or blank

Learned sentences/paragraphs to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity that will help

you transfer your new knowledge or skill in
real-life situations or concerns.

Additional In this portion, another activity will be given to

Activities you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your level

of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

Just remember, this module is not intended to replace textbooks and other
existing learning resources but rather to provide an additional alternative that is
contextualized and resilient to education systems that address the challenges of the
current pandemic.

-The Development Team

 This module is packed with notes and essential information covering everything you
need to know about Methods of Philosophizing.

There are warm-up and exam-style practice questions for every part to give you an idea
of how well you have already grasped the lesson. This also contains topic-based questions for
focused skills to test your understanding of the concepts of the lessons under the Most
Essential Learning Competencies.

Content Standard
➢ The learner demonstrates various ways of doing philosophy.

Performance Standard
➢ The Learner evaluates opinions.

Most Essential Learning Competency

➢ Realize that the methods of philosophy lead to wisdom and truth.

PPT11/12-Id-2.3

By the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. Identify the different ways in knowing the truth; and

2. Discuss the different ways in knowing the truth that lead to wisdom.

1
Before you start in this module, answer the following questions.

Directions: These questions will help you think about the lesson you are about to learn. Circle
the letter of the best answer.

1. Which of the following statement have a clear awareness and understanding of something.
It also comes from validation and provided by facts.
A. Facts C. Logic
B. Knowledge D. Truth

2. Which of the following is something observed to be real or truthful and evident?

A. Claim C. Knowledge
B. Facts D. Truth

3. Which of the following have the tendency or influence the views of people
A. Belief C. knowledge
B. Explanation D. Truth

4. Which of the following is referring to the statements that assumes a claim is true and provide
reason to support them?
A. Belief C. knowledge
B. Explanation D. Truth

5. Which of the following is NOT true about Philosophy?

A. Philosophy lead to wisdom.
B. Philosophy helps you to become rich.
C. Logic is one of the branches of Philosophy.
D. Philosophy is concerned with determining the truth.

6. Which of the following statements considered as TRUE?

A. My sister is selfish.
B. We live in a safe community.
C. It takes me 40 minutes to walk from my school.
D.Living near the school is better because we dont have to spend much for
transportation.
7. Which of the following statements is considered as a wise decision?
A. Go shopping before making decisions.
B. Follow your heart in making decisions.
C. Talk to your friend before making decisions.
D. Look for evidences before making a decision.

8. Which of the following statements is considered as FACT?

A. Black is buety.
B. Blood donation is not good to our health.
C.COVID-19 is the last pandemic in Philippines.
D.You see, the bus is overload with passengers.

9. Which of the following statements BEST describes claim?

A. Horse is the best animal in the world.
B. Narra is our national tree.
C. One of my subject this school year is Philosophy.
D. Our current president is male.
10. Which of the following words referring to a judgement that based on a certain facts?

2
 A. Arguments C. Belief
B. Conclusion D. Explanation

11. Which of the following is NOT true about wisdom?

A. Wisdom can be acquired through learning.
B. Wisdom can be acquired through experience.
C. Wisdom is not innate.
D .Wisdom is transferable.

12. Which of the following BEST describes critical thinking?

A. Determining the cause of our beliefs.
B. Point out the psychological basis of our beliefs.
C. Determining the quality of our beliefs.
D. Assessing the practical impact of our beliefs..

13. Which of the following statements BEST describes a critical thinker?

A. A person has a fault finding attitude.
B. A person has attempts to win an argument.
C. A person using carefull judgment or evaluation.
D. A person has a lack of respect for orther people.

14. Which of the following statements is supported by good reasons?

A. Beyond all the possible is doubt.
B. Never go wrong
C.Worthy of strong acceptance.
D.To believe with certainty.

15. Which of the following statements does NOT describe critical thinking?
A. Evaluates opinion
B. Process explanation
C. Analyzing a situation
D. Giving conclusion without investigation.

Congratulations! What is your score? I am sure you will get a higher score after this
lesson!

3
 Lesson Philosophy Leads to Wisdom
1 and Truth
Philosophy plays an important role in determining the truth. Before we formally begin our
lesson, let’s find out if you still remember your previous lesson in module 3.

Are you ready? Let’s do this!

Activity: Connect Me
Directions: Match Column B with Column C. Write the letter of your answer in Column A.

Column A Column B Column C

1. Assuming that what is true for the whole is true
A. Begging the question
for its parts.
2. The tendency to see past events as predictable,
B. Fallacy of composition
or to ascribe a pattern to historical events.
3. A person or group is connected to or has a
C. Conflict of interest
vested interest in the issue being discussed.
4. Focusing on a certain aspect of a problem while
D. Hindsight
ignoring other aspects.
5. Assuming the thing or idea to be proven is true; E. Framing
also known as ”circular argument” F. Cultural bias

Philosophy gives us wisdom. It serves as a tool on how we judge the truthfulness of statements.

Activity: Complete Me
Directions: Write five (5) words that comes to your mind when you hear the word ”wisdom”.

Wisdom

4
 In the previous lesson you already know the difference of truth and opinion. In this lesson
you are about to realize that the methods of philosophy will lead you to wisdom and truth.

Philosophy emphasizes in critical thinking as one of the major tool in determing the truth.
Logic as one of the branch of philosophy help you to evaluate arguments and resoning while
critical thinking is a process of evaluation which use logic to seperate truth from opinion and
reasonable from unreasonable. Logic and critical thinking is very essential in making good
decisions and finding the truth.

A critical thinker has the ability to think clearly and rationally about what to do or what to
believe.

Wisdom is the ability to use your knowledge and experience in order to make sensible
decisions or judgements.

You need to understand that knowledge plays an important role in determining the truth.
Knowledge is the clear awareness and understanding of something. It comes from validation
and is provided by facts.

Statements that are not evident or immediately known to be truth is considered as

knowledge. Facts is something observed to be real or truthful and evident. Furthermore, the
statement is a claim if there a need for further examination or evidence before it is categorized
as truth or opinion.

Things to Consider in Determining the Truth

1. A belief is true if it can be justified or proven through the use of ones’ senses.
2. A belief or statement is true if it is based on facts.
3. Getting a consensus or having people agree on a common belief.
4. Determining truth requires a person to prove a statement through an action.
5. Claims and beliefs are subjected to test to determine truth.

The above statements gives an idea of how philosophy help you to recognize truth.
However there are different statements that lead you to not knowing the truth. Opinion is a
statement that convinces people that a certain claim is a fact. While conclusion is a judgment
based on a certain facts and also beliefs are statements that express convictions that are not
easily and clearly explained by facts.

You should also aware to the explanation that gives additional ideas and information to
assumes that the claim is true and provide reason why the statement is true. Arguments are
series of statements for you to be convinced that the statements are true.

Philosophy gives importance in arguments since these are used to convey ideas that
influence thinking, actions, and behavior it also leads to either right or wrong judgment or
decisions.

(Source: Roberto D. Abella, Introduction to World Philosophy of the Human Person,

Quezon City: C&E Publishing Inc., 18-39.)
Source

5
 How are you now after knowing the things that you consider in assessing the truth? Here
is another activity for you to help you learn more about our lesson.

Activity 1: Check in the box

Directions: Put a check on the space provided if you think that the statements are the things
you need to consider in knowing the truth.

1.Getting a consensus or having people agree on a

common belief.
2.Claims and beliefs are subjected to test to determine
truth.
3. A belief is true if it can be justified or proven through
the use of senses.
4.Truth requires a person to prove a statement through
an action.
5. Statement is true if it is based on facts.

Activity 2: Twist and identify

Directions: Arrange the scrambled letters in Column A to be able to give the correct
example in Column B. Write your answer in Column C.

Column A Column B Column C

1. It is something observed to
ACFTS be real or truthful and ___________________
evident.
2. Further examination of
AIMCL evidences before it can be ___________________
called a truth or opinion.
Its gives additional ideas and
information to assume that
XPLAETIONNA the claim is true and provides ___________________
reasons why the statement is
true.
It is a series of statements
NTSMEARGU for you to be convinced that ___________________
the statement is true.
One of the branches of
GICLO philosophy that deals in ____________________
analysis of arguments.

Activity 3: Fact or Bluff

Directions: Answer whether the following sentences are FACT(true) or BLUFF

(not true). Write you answer on the space provided before the number.

_____ 1. Before giving judgment in a certain thing you need to consider the
evidences that you have.

6
 _____ 2. Claim is not considered as truth until it is proved by facts.
_____ 3. The evidence is very important in knowing the truth.
_____ 4. Explanation helps you in knowing the truthfulfness of a statement.
_____ 5. Facts will lead you to a right judgment.

Activity: Easy To Know

Directions: Identify what is being described in each number. Choose your answer from
the box below.

Description or Meaning Terms

1. Branch of Philosophy that deals in analysis of
arguments.

2. It is something observed to be real or truthful and

evident.
3. It is a series of statements for you to be convinced
that the statements are true.
4. Further examantion or evidence before it is called
a truth or opinion.
5. Critical thinking is a process of evaluation which
uses logic to separate truth from opinion and
reasonable from unreasonable.

Logic Explanation Fact knowledge Claim Critical thinking

Activity: All About the Process

7
Directions: In the given scenario make at least (five) 5 things that will help Nina in
finding the truth.

Scenario: In the year 2030 a researcher named Nina, wanted to find the truth about
COVID-19 pandemic that happened in year 2019. What do you think Nina will do to
find the truth? Write your answers inside the arrow.

Activity: Transfer and Apply

Directions: Write five (5) things that you have learned in this lesson and how to apply
it to your daily living.

My Learnings How I can apply it to myself

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

8
 Congratulations for trying your best in accomplishing this lesson.Try to
share the things you have learned with your classmates and friends.

How much have you improved? Check your

improvement index on Answer Key.

Directions: Circle the letter of the best answer.

1.Which of the following statement is assumes that what is true of a part is true for the
whole?
A. Begging the question C. Fallacy of composition
B. Cause and effect D. Fallacy of Division

2.What kind of fallacy that uses threat or force to win an argument?

A. Appeal to emotion C. Appeal to popular
B. Appeal to force D. Begging the question

3.Which of the following fallacy shows a person or group connection has a vested
interest in the issue being or to win in arguments?
A. Appeal to tradition C. Cultural Bias
B. Begging the question D. Conflict of interest

4. Which of the following statement is based on faulty reasoning?

A. Appeal to emotion C. Begging the question
B. Ad hominem D. Fallacies

5. What kind of statement refers to the personal views of the person presenting it?
A. Appeal to emotion C. Appeal to tradition
B. Ad hominem D. Opinion

6. What kind of fallacy that attacks the person’s character instead of the argument
itself?
A. Ad hominem C. Begging the question
B. Appeal to force D. Conflict of interest

7 . What kind of statement that uses emotions such as pity or sympathy?

A. Appeal to emotion C. Conflict of interest
B. Begging the question D. Cultural bias

8. What kind of fallacy refers to assuming the thing or idea to be proven is true; also
known as ”circular argument”?
A. Appeal to emotion C. Conflict of interest
B. Begging the question D. Cultural bias

9
9. What kind of bias is focuses on a certain aspect of a problem while ignoring other
aspects?
A. Conflict of interest C. Framing
B. Cultural bias D. Hindsight

10. What kind of fallacy is present the idea as acceptable because is okay with it?

A. Appeal to emotion C.Appeal to tradition

B. Appeal to popular D.Begging the question

11. What kind of fallacy is assumes that what is true for the whole is true for its parts
A. Begging the question C. Fallacy of composition
B. Cause and effect D. Fallacy of division

12. What is the meaning of opinion?

A.Refers to history
B.Refers to information from the news
C.Refers to evidence and reality
D.Refers to a view or judgment formed about something not necessarily based
on facts.

13. What is the appropriate meaning of truth?

A.Refers to history.
B.Refers to information from the news.
C.Refers to evidence and reality.
D.Refers to a view or judgment formed about something not necessarily based
on facts .

14. What kind of fallacy is when that the idea is acceptable because it has been true
for a long time?
A. Appeal to emotion C.Appeal to tradition
B.Appeal to popular D.Begging the question

15. What kind of bias has a tendecy to see past events as predictable, or to ascribe
a pattern to historical events?
A. Conflict of interest C. Framing
B. Cultural bias D. Hindsight

10
 References
Book

Roberto D. Abella, Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person, Quezon

City:C&E Publishing Inc., 2016.

11
 FEEDBACK SLIP

A. FOR THE LEARNER

Thank you very much for using this Module. This learner’s
material is aimed at ensuring your worthwhile learning through the
help of your family members. For feedback purposes, kindly answer
the following questions: YES NO
1. Are you happy and contented with your learning experiences
using this module?

2. Were you able to follow the processes and instructions that

were indicated in the different learning activities?

3. Were you guided by anybody from your family while using this
module?

4. Was there any part of this module that you found difficult? If
yes, please specify what it was and why.

B. FOR THE PARENTS / GUARDIANS

Do you have any suggestions or recommendations on how we
can make improvements to this module to better serve the learners?

Yes (Please indicate what this/these is/are?)

None

Contact Number : __________________________________

NAME OF LEARNER:

Parent’s / Guardian’s Signature:

Date Received:

Date Returned:

Teacher’s Signature:

12
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Division of Puerto Princesa City

Sta. Monica Heights, Bgy. Sta. Monica, Puerto Princesa City
(02) 634-1054 o 634-1072
puertoprincesa@deped.gov.ph

13