INTELLI-HOME

Submitted in partial fulfillment

of the requirement for the degree of
B.E. (Electronics Engineering)

Submitted by:
ABHAY GUPTA (18103A0078)
DHRUV MADDIRALA (18103A0015)
SUDARSHAN SANGLE (18103A0059)

Under the Guidance of

Dr. SANGEETA JOSHI
Department of ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Vidyalankar Institute of Technology

Wadala(E), Mumbai 400 037

University of Mumbai

2021-22
 DECLARATION

I declare that this written submission represents my ideas in my own words and where
others’ ideas or words have been included, I have adequately cited and referenced the
original source. I also declare that I have adhered to all principles of academic honesty
and integrity and have not misrepresented or fabricated or falsified any
idea|data|fact|source in my submission. I understand that any violation of the above will
be cause for disciplinary action by the Institute and can also evoke penal action from
the sources which have thus not been properly cited from whom proper permission has
not been taken when needed.

Name of student Roll No. Signature

ABHAY GUPTA 18103A0078

DHRUV MADDIRALA 18103A0015

SUDARSHAN SANGLE 18103A0059

Date:
 CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL

This is to certify that

“INTELLI-HOME”

is a bonofide work of

ABHAY GUPTA (18103A0078)

DHRUV MADDIRALA (18103A0015)
SUDARSHAN SANGLE (18103A0059)

In partial fulfillment of degree course in

Electronics Engineering
As laid down by University of Mumbai during the academic year
2021-22

Under the guidance of

Dr. SANGEETA JOSHI

Signature of Guide Head of Department

Examiner Principal
 PROJECT REPORT APPROVAL FOR B.E.

This project report entitled (INTELLI-HOME) by

ABHAY GUPTA (18103A0078)

DHRUV MADDIRALA (18103A0015)
SUDARSHAN SANGLE (18103A0059)

is approved for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics.

Examiners

1.

2.

Date:

Place:
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In successfully completing our project, I am indeed thankful to a large number of people

who have encouraged and helped me in variety of ways. It’s definitely a privilege to
express my gratitude to the people involved. My profound and sincere thanks to Dr.
SANGEETA JOSHI who consented to be our project guide. I have scarceness of words
to express my courtesy towards her for their keen interest, valuable guidance, important
judgement and constant encouragement during the entire course of my study. Words in
my lexicon fall short to express my feelings towards the project guide for her timely
and important help in completing this project report. Last but not least, I sincerely
thankful to the Vidyalankar Institute of Technology for helping us to achieve
completion of this project.

Project members:

ABHAY GUPTA (18103A0078)

DHRUV MADDIRALA (18103A0015)
SUDARSHAN SANGLE (18103A0059)
 ABSTRACT

The most important objective of this project is to develop home automation system in
more efficient way and providing more features along with safety to the consumer.
Other than this we have focused on achieving other objectives like Designing and
developing Intelli-Home product to facilitate Ease of access to Electric Home
Appliances and hence reduction of consumption of Electricity, Monitoring the
consumption of Electricity and hence computing the consumed energy along with cost
in advance, Enhancing Security by embedding smart lock feature, Monitoring weather
parameters like Temperature | Humidity | Rainfall, Applied voice commands,
Automating the plant or garden watering system and all these in single mobile
application. It is useful for elderly or disabled individuals, tracking the individual
electricity consumption to maintain efficiency of appliances, safety, to know most
accurate weather condition of your residency, maintaining gardens and plants even you
forgot to water or not at house. We have made separate modules to perform each task
and connected to the microcontroller NodeMCU. Targeted aim of our project is
providing the best and useful home automation system named as INTELLI-HOME. We
have tried our best to find cons of available system and designed a new system.
Different electronic components are used which were essential to perform required
hardware tasks and Google Firebase is used. The social impact of this project would be
monitoring electricity consumption at personal level, Enhanced security of day to day
living, more accurate weather report, easy maintenance of gardens or plants. As we are
living in the smart world where IoT has advanced its level. INTELLI-HOME assures
the experience of efficient smart home. The future scope of this project would be great
as every average individual or consumer look for the better option available. In the near
future almost all the electronic devices will take advantage of this technology through
home networks and the internet. Right now, we have designed the product for limited
appliances and applications. Further we can advance and upgrade the system to work
in more efficient way
 INDEX
Sr. Sub Topic Page
No. Sr.No. No.
1 Introduction 3
1.1 Objectives 3
1.2 Purpose, Scope, and Applicability 3
1.2.1 Purpose 3
1.2.2 Scope 3
1.2.3 Applicability 4
1.3 Organization of Report 5

2 Literature Review 6
2.1 Literature Survey 6
2.1.1 Bluetooth based home automation system using cell phones 6
2.1.2 Zigbee based home automation system using cell phones 6
2.1.3 GSM based home automation system using cell phones 6
2.1.4 Wi-Fi based home automation system using cell phones 6
2.2 Comparison 7
2.3 Research 7

3 Survey of Technologies 9

4 Requirements and Analysis 16

4.1 Problem Definition 16
4.1.1 Problems With Existing System 16
4.1.2 Proposed System 16
4.2 Feasibility Study 16
4.2.1 Operational Feasibility 16
4.2.2 Economic Feasibility 17

5 System Design 18
5.1 Basic Modules 18
5.1.1 Block Diagram 18
5.1.2 Hardware Components 19

5.2 User Interface Design 26

6 Implementation and Testing 27

6.1 Implementation Approach 27
6.2 Coding Details and Code Efficiency 27
6.3 Testing 27

1
7 Conclusions, Limitations and Future Scope 29
7.1 Conclusion 29
7.2 Limitations of the System 29
7.3 Future Scope of the Project 29

8 References 30

2
 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 OBJECTIVES

Intelli-Home has actually meaning- the Intelligent home. Intelligent or Smart

Home is collaboration of technology and services through a network for better quality
living providing many automated applications. The most important objective of this
project is to develop home automation system in more efficient way and providing more
features along with safety to the consumer. Other than this we have focused on
achieving other objectives like Designing and developing Intelli-Home product to
facilitate Ease of access to Electric Home Appliances and hence reduction of
consumption of Electricity, Monitoring the consumption of Electricity and hence
computing the consumed energy along with cost in advance, Enhancing Security by
embedding smart lock feature, Monitoring weather parameters like Temperature |
Humidity | Rainfall, Applied voice commands, Automating the plant or garden watering
system and all these in single mobile application.

1.2 PURPOSE, SCOPE, AND APPLICABILITY:

1.2.1 Purpose:

Every individual like to habitat or work under the secured, safe and maintained
environment to live or work peacefully. Home is the place where we all spend most of
the time. So, the purpose of our project Intelli-Home is to provide the ease and
convenience to everyday activities in the home. Basically, it facilitates users with
security, comfortable living and energy management features as well as added benefits.
Its objective is to improve the quality of life and convenience in the home, as well as
residents' safety and security. Smart home applications also often ensure more efficient
use of energy. The controlling ability of appliances, voice command, automated
watering system, smart lock feature will provide more advantage to elderly and disabled
people along with others.

1.2.2 Scope:

The scope of this project would contain the project functionalities, constraints,
assumptions and future scope.

3
Functionalities:

1. Controlling the appliances through smart phone

2. Voice Commands
3. Smart Lock
4. Monitoring Electricity Usage
5. Personal Weather Station
6. Automated watering system
7. Smartphone Application

Constraints:

1. User must have a Smartphone device and a Wi-Fi at home

2. Device should have access to Internet
3. All required sensors working properly

Assumptions:

1. User has working internet connection on Smartphone device

2. User has Wi-Fi at home
3. User has properly configured the setup
4. User has connected setup correctly

Future Scope:

The future scope of this project would be great as every average individual or
consumer look for the better option available. In the near future almost all the electronic
devices will take advantage of this technology through home networks and the internet.

1.2.3 Applicability:
1. Controlling Appliances manually, remotely, over voice commands
2. Smart Lock feature for better safety
3. Monitoring Electricity usage and calculating the approximate bill amount
4. Personal Weather station to get exact report of your house
5. Automated Plant watering system to keep plants and garden hydrated

4
1.3 ORGANIZATION OF REPORT

Survey of Technologies:

Survey of Technologies includes Comparing different Technologies that can be

used and choosing the best out of them which we are going to use for the Development
of our Platform.

Requirements Specification:

We will be defining the problem statement of our project. We will also to be

stating the requirement specification. Planning and Scheduling of the project will be
defined. Milestones of the project will also be defined.

Software and Hardware Requirements:

We will define details of software and hardware needed for the development and
implementation of the project. In hardware requirement we will specify RAM capacity,
processor or microcontroller etc needed to run the software. In software requirement
we will specify the operating system, the compiler, testing tools, linker, and the libraries
etc. which will be necessary to compile, link and install the software.

Conceptual Models:

We will produce a model of the overall system which will describe operations that can
be performed on the system, and the sequences of those operations. These models will
be produced using different conceptual models like Block Diagrams, Sequence
Diagrams etc.

System Design:

Test Cases Design:

We will explain different conditions required to make the project work correctly.

Data Integrity and Constraints:

We will define and explain all the validity checks and constraints provided to maintain
data integrity.

5
 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 LITERATURE SURVEY [9]

2.1.1 Bluetooth based home automation system using cell phones:

In Bluetooth based home automation system the home appliances are connected to the
Arduino BT board at input output ports using relay. The program of Arduino BT board
is based on high level interactive C language of microcontrollers; the connection is
made via Bluetooth. The password protection is provided so only authorized user is
allowed to access the appliances. The Bluetooth connection is established between
Arduino BT board and phone for wireless communication. In this system the python
script is used and it can install on any of the Symbian OS environment, it is portable.
One circuit is designed and implemented for receiving the feedback from the phone,
which indicate the status of the device.
2.1.2 Zigbee based home automation system using cell phones:
To monitor and control the home appliances the system is designed and implemented
using Zigbee. The device performance is record and store by network coordinators. For
this the Wi-Fi network is used, which uses the four-switch port standard wireless ADSL
modern router. The network SSID and security Wi-Fi parameter are preconfigured. The
message for security purpose first process by the virtual home algorithm and when it is
declared safe it is re-encrypted and forward to the real network device of the home.
Over Zigbee network, Zigbee controller sent messages to the end. The safety and
security of all messages that are received by the virtual home algorithm. To reduce the
expense of the system and the intrusiveness of respective installation of the system
Zigbee communication is helpful.
2.1.3 GSM based home automation system using cell phones:
Because of the mobile phone and GSM technology, the GSM based home automation
is lure to research. The SMS based home automation, GPRS based home automation
and dual tone multi frequency (DTMF) based home automation, these options we
considered mainly for communication in GSM.
2.1.4 Wi-Fi based home automation system using cell phones:
Wi-Fi based home automation system mainly consist three modules, the server, the
hardware interface module, and the software package. Wireless-Fidelity which is
popularly known as Wi-Fi uses radio waves for the transmission of data. It provides
high-speed internet and network connections. It is a wireless medium for
communicating to different locations in the house and connecting different devices. It
can be used in variety of specification which varies with the purpose. Equipment can
be placed anywhere. No unnecessary cords are required in your home. There is no need
for additional ethernet output and it also provides a wide range and is more efficient.
Wi-fi is a popular choice among people.

6
2.2 COMPARISON
[8] Comparison between different systems:

2.3 RESEARCHES [7]

There are several researches related to home Automation Platform using IOT device.
Along with this in the past, the research on the IOT has been made along with the
study on various applications of internet of things. The growth of Internet of Things
(IOT) in future is totally depending upon us.
Ahmed ElShafee (2012)
This paper has presented a design and prototype implementation of new home
automation system that uses Wi-Fi technology as a network infrastructure connecting
its parts. Hence, they concluded that the required goals and objectives of home
automation system have been achieved. The system design and architecture were
discussed, and prototype presents the basic level of home appliance control. and
remote monitoring has been implemented. Finally, their system is better from the
scalability and flexibility point of view than the commercially available home
automation system [1].
Vinay Sagar K (2015)
This system is designed to be low cost and expandable allowing a variety of devices
to be controlled. The home automation using Internet of Things has been
experimentally proven to work satisfactorily by connecting simple appliances to it and
the appliances were successfully controlled remotely through internet. [2]

7
Neha Malik (2017)
The author discusses the various intelligent home automation system and
technologies. The effort targeted on home automation concept where the controlling
and monitoring operations are expediting through smart devices.[3]
Shaikh Amreen (2017)
They have discussed about architecture of home automation system. Also explained
how internet of things are used for monitoring regular domestic conditions by sensing
systems.[4]
AnuragTiwari et al. (2017)
The authors reviewed the Challenges and Ongoing Researches for IOT. The IOT
systems are very common and are widespread. Therefore, chances of security and
privacy problems have become regular. Due to this all the things which are associated
with internet may face safety issues. Due to the issue which is related to security and
privacy IOT could not set himself as a reliable technology.[5]
Satish Palaniappan (2015)
Homes can be interfaced with sensors including motion sensors, light sensors and
temperature sensors and provide automated toggling of devices based on conditions.
More energy can be conserved by ensuring occupation of the house before turning on
devices and checking brightness and turning off lights if not necessary. The system
can be integrated closely with home security solutions to allow greater control and
safety for homeowners. The next step would be to extend this system to automate a
large-scale environment, such as offices and factories.[6]

8
 CHAPTER 3: SURVEY OF TECHNOLOGIES

Software Technologies:

1. Software
a) Arduino IDE
b) Android Studio
c) Firebase Database
d) KiCad

Alternative Technologies:
1. Software
a) Raspberry Pi
b) MIT App Inventor
c) SQLite
d) Altium

9
Operating System: -
For many embedded applications, it is obvious that an OS is needed. If the application
is complex and is running on a high-end processor, it is almost certain that an OS would
be beneficial.
At the other end of the scale, simple software running on a low-end chip has no need
of an OS at all. A microcontroller will run just one program repeatedly — not a full
operating system.
This flexibility combined with the fact that the Arduino IDE software is free, the
hardware boards are pretty cheap, and both the software and hardware are easy to learn.
Microcontrollers also don't have the same amount of computing power or resources as
most single-board computers.
NodeMCU is a micro-controller board which runs dedicated program, there's no OS,
just your code.

a) Arduino IDE:
• The Arduino integrated development environment (IDE) is a cross-platform
application (for Windows, macOS, Linux) that is written in the programming
language Java. It is used to write and upload programs to Arduino compatible
boards.
• Here we are going to install COM/Serial Port Driver and ESP8266 Board
Package in Arduino IDE to program NodeMCU ESP8266.
• Arduino IDE is an open-source software that is mainly used for writing and
compiling the code into the Arduino or NodeMCU Module.
• Each of them contains a microcontroller on the board that is actually
programmed and accepts the information in the form of code.
• The main code, also known as a sketch, created on the IDE platform will
ultimately generate a Hex File which is then transferred and uploaded in the
controller on the board.

Writing sketches:
Programs written using Arduino IDE are called sketches. These sketches are written in
the text editor and are saved with the file extension ‘.ino’ . The editor has features for
cutting/pasting and for searching/replacing text. The message area gives feedback while
saving and exporting and also display errors. The console displays text output by the
Arduino IDE., including complete error messages and other information. The bottom
right corner of the window displays the configured board and serial port.

10
Embedded C:
Embedded C is one of the most popular and most commonly used Programming
Languages in the development of Embedded Systems. In embedded system
programming C code is preferred over other language. Due to the following reasons:
• Easy to understand
• High Reliability
• Portability
• Scalability

Alternative Technologies: - Raspberry Pi: -

The Raspberry Pi is a series of small single-board computers developed in the United
Kingdom by the Raspberry Pi Foundation to promote teaching of basic computer
science in schools and in developing countries.
The original model became far more popular than anticipated, selling outside its target
market for uses such as robotics. It does not include peripherals (such as keyboards
and mice) or cases. However, some accessories have been included in several official
and unofficial bundle.

ADVANTAGES OF ARDUINO OR NODEMCU OVER RASPBERRY PI:

• Simplicity:
It’s very easy to interface analog sensors, motors and other electronic components
with NodeMCU, with just few lines of code. While in Raspberry pi, there is much
overhead for simply reading those sensors, we need to install some libraries and
software for interfacing these sensors and components.
• Robustness:
Raspberry Pi runs on a OS so it must be properly shut down before turning OFF the
power, otherwise OS & applications may get corrupt and Pi can be damaged. While
NodeMCU is just a plug and play device which can be turned ON and OFF at any
point of time, without any risk of damage. It can start running the code again on
resuming the power.
• Power consumption: -
Pi is a powerful hardware, it needs continuous 5v power supply and it is difficult to
run it on Batteries, while NodeMCU needs less power can easily be powered using a
battery pack.
• Price:
Obviously, NodeMCU is cheaper than Raspberry Pi.

11
b) Android Studio:
Android Studio is the official integrated development environment (IDE) for Google's
Android operating system, and specifically designed for Android development. It is
available for download on Windows, macOS and Linux based operating systems.
FEATURES:
• Gradle-based build support.
• Android-specific refactoring and quick fixes.
• Lint tools to catch performance, usability, version compatibility and other
problems.
• Template-based wizards to create common Android designs and components.
• A rich layout editor that allows users to drag-and-drop UI components, option
to preview layouts on multiple screen configurations.
• Built-in support for Google Cloud Platform, enabling integration with Firebase
Cloud Messaging (Earlier 'Google Cloud Messaging') and Google App
Engine.
• Android Virtual Device (Emulator) to run and debug apps in the Android
studio.

Language used for building app-JAVA:

Java is the official language of Android development and is supported by Android
Studio. Java is the official language of Android development, meaning it is the one
that has the most support from Google and the one that most apps on the Play Store
are built with.

Alternative Technologies: - MIT App Inventor: -

App inventor is a web application integrated development environment originally
provided by Google, and now maintained by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
(MIT). It allows newcomers
to computer programming to create application software(apps) for two operating
systems (OS): Android, and iOS.
It uses a graphical user interface (GUI) very similar to the programming languages
Scratch and the Star Logo TNG user interface, which allows users to drag and drop
visual objects to create an application that can run on mobile devices.

ADVANTAGES OF ANDROID STUDIO OVER MIT APP INVENTOR:

• Android Studio is fast and easy to use and it is the official IDE for Android
whereas App Inventor uses a graphic user interface.

12
 • In Android Studio, you have to write your own code whereas App Inventor
has a drag-and-drop interface and coding in App Inventor isn't necessary.
• MIT app Inventor is basically a simple Framework which can be used to
develop small to medium apps. It does not support all the functionalities that
are present in the Android Studio.
• MIT can’t provide flexibility to design UI.

c) Firebase Cloud Messaging:

Firebase Cloud Messaging (FCM) is a cross-platform cloud solution for messages and
notifications for Android, iOS, and web applications, which currently can be used at no
cost. We can use Firebase Cloud Message for sending instant messages of up to 4KB
in size. Firebase Cloud Messaging is a powerful API that lets you deliver messages
reliably and independent of the platform you are developing on. Using FCM,
developers can notify the users that new data is available for sync and send notification
messages. These are very useful for testing, sending marketing and engagement
messages. It comes in with built-in targeting and analytics.

Message Types:
Before moving ahead in the post let’s first understand the types of messages that can
be sent using FCM.

Notification Message:
This type of message is automatically displayed to end user. In this kind of message,
we have a predefined set of key-value pairs. We also have a data payload by using it
we can set the custom key- value pairs as well.

Data message:
Default does not display this type of message to the end user. To show it we need to
add some coding. This message contains only custom key-value pairs.

Key capabilities:
• Send notification messages or data message
• Versatile message targeting
• Send messages from client apps

13
Alternative Technologies:
SQLite:
SQLite is a relational database management system (RDBMS) contained in a C library.
In contrast to many other database management systems, SQLite is not a client–server
database engine. Rather, it is embedded into the end program. SQLite is ACID-
compliant and implements most of the SQL standard, generally following PostgreSQL
syntax. However, SQLite uses a dynamically and weakly typed SQL syntax that does
not guarantee the domain integrity.

ADVANTAGES OF FIREBASE OVER SQLITE: -

• Firebase is a real-time database whereas SQLite is in-process database. Real
time data processing means a continual input, process and output of data.
• Firebase on the other hand don't have this kind of restrictions. The Firebase
database is just a big JSON object where you can store whatever you want
inside. Unlike SQL there's no schema for the database, no tables, no columns,
it's just a combination of key/value pairs

d) KiCad:
KiCad is a free software suite for electronic design automation (EDA). It facilitates the
design of schematics for electronic circuits and their conversion to PCB designs. KiCad
was originally developed by Jean-Pierre Charras. It features an integrated environment
for schematic capture and PCB layout design.
FEATURES:
• KiCad uses an integrated environment for all of the stages of the design process:
Schematic capture, PCB layout, Gerber file generation/visualization, and library
editing.
• KiCad is a cross-platform program, written in C++ with wxWidgets to run on
FreeBSD, Linux, Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X.
• Many component libraries are available, and users can add custom components.

Alternative Technologies:
Altium:
Altium develops software that is used for designing of electronic products including
printed circuit board. Its products are designed for use in a Microsoft Windows
environment and used in industries such as automotive, aerospace, defense, and
telecommunications.

14
ADVANTAGES OF KiCad OVER Altium: -
• KiCad is free whereas Altium is paid.
• Altium can only be run on Windows x64 systems, while KiCad can work on
most of the major operating systems on both x32 and x64 devices.
• KiCad has 3D viewing capabilities.

15
 CHAPTER 4: REQUIREMENTS AND ANALYSIS

4.1 PROBLEM DEFINITION

4.1.1 Problems with existing System:

Day by day, the field of automation is blooming, and these systems are having
great impact on human beings. Smartphones are getting quicker and efficient from all
aspects.
The Problem with the existing Home is that they are inefficient and takes a lot
of manpower. By Simply connecting all basic components of our House through to a
network we make it lot better.

4.1.2 Proposed System:

Due to our fast paced, busy and hectic lifestyles, the value of time is
increasing day by day. Any possible device or a thing which can save our time and
make our lives better is considered as a necessity. Hence, we design a network of all
the components present in our house and manage them efficiently.
By moving our lives towards IOE (Internet of Everything), we save our time
and efforts which would have been wasted for menial tasks such as Switching
ON/OFF our Lights/Fans or watering our plants at proper times. With billions of
people upgrading their homes, we move forward as a civilization.
Noting that our product is connect through the Wi-Fi, which is available at
almost every other house, we make it easier for you to adapt to the changes. Some
other features also include automatic lights which save our electricity and weather
station which keeps us updated with our surroundings.
All these features will connect seamlessly with each other and also with the
smartphones of all the people living in that house through a Mobile Application. It
will also show all the records and data collected over the years.

4.2 FEASIBILITY STUDY

4.2.1 Operational Feasibility:

1. The application of this product is not entirely based on the user, some
of the features like automatic watering system and automatic Lights
work on their own

16
 2. The Network is connected to the Smartphone via Wi-Fi and sends all the
data over the Device which in turn is stored into the Database.
3. The Data in the Database can be easily retrieved easily from anywhere as
it is an online Database.
4. Implementation of application-based UI leads to customization of the
things the way in which system should function. Hence, the application is
highly user-friendly to operate.

4.2.2 Economic Feasibility:

1. The Economical Investment on the overall project would be mainly focused

on integration of all sensors with the Microcontroller and connecting the shoe
to the Smart Phone through Wi-Fi.
2. Development of the Prototype for this project would need a little investment
for Development and Integration.
3. The Efficiency of the System in terms of low Power consumption by the
connected devices and the period of time for which they sustain, will make
the device more efficient and economically feasible.

17
 Chapter 5: System Design

5.1 BASIC MODULES

5.1.1 Block Diagram:

Block Diagram of Electricity monitoring system:

18
Block Diagram of Smart Lock:

5.1.2 Hardware Components Used:

a) Esp32
b) ZMPT101B Voltage sensor
c) SCT-013 Current sensor
d) Dual channel 5V Relay module

19
a. Esp 32 (microcontroller):
ESP32 is a series of low-cost, low-power system on a
chip microcontrollers with integrated Wi-Fi and dual-mode Bluetooth.

Features:

• Processors:
o CPU: Xtensa dual-core (or single-core) 32-bit LX6
microprocessor, operating at 160 or 240 MHz and performing
at up to 600 DMIPS
o Ultra low power (ULP) co-processor
• Memory: 320 KiB RAM, 448 KiB ROM
• Wireless connectivity:
o Wi-Fi: 802.11 b/g/n
o Bluetooth: v4.2 BR/EDR and BLE (shares the radio with Wi-
Fi)
• Peripheral interfaces:
o 34 × programmable GPIOs
o 12-bit SAR ADC up to 18 channels
o 2 × 8-bit DACs
o 10 × touch sensors (capacitive sensing GPIOs)
o 4 × SPI
o 2 × I²S interfaces
o 2 × I²C interfaces
o 3 × UART
o SD/SDIO/CE-ATA/MMC/eMMC host controller
o SDIO/SPI slave controller
o Ethernet MAC interface with dedicated DMA and IEEE 1588
Precision Time Protocol support

20
 o CAN bus 2.0
o Infrared remote controller (TX/RX, up to 8 channels)
o Motor PWM
o LED PWM (up to 16 channels)
o Hall effect sensor
o Ultra low power analog pre-amplifier
• Security:
o IEEE 802.11 standard security features all supported,
including WPA, WPA2, WPA3 (depending on
version)[4] and WAPI
o Secure boot
o Flash encryption
o 1024-bit OTP, up to 768-bit for customers
o Cryptographic hardware acceleration: AES, SHA-
2, RSA, elliptic curve cryptography (ECC), random number
generator (RNG)
• Power management:
o Internal low-dropout regulator
o Individual power domain for RTC
o 5 μA deep sleep current
o Wake up from GPIO interrupt, timer, ADC measurements,
capacitive touch sensor interrupt

Esp 32 Pin diagram:

21
b. ZMPT101B Voltage sensor:

The ZMPT101B is a voltage transformer used to measure AC voltage. You

can measure AC voltages up to 250 volts by using this module. The output of
this sensor is analog. if you change input voltage, the output voltage will
change as well.

ZMPT101B module has 4 pins:

• VCC: Module power supply: 5 V

• GND: Ground

• OUT: Module output which is analog.

Features:

• Voltage upto 250 volts can be measured

• Light weight with on-board micro-precision voltage transformer
• High precision on-board op-amp circuit
• Operating temperature : 40ºC ~ + 70ºC
• Supply voltage 5 volts to 30 volts

22
c. SCT-013 Current Sensor:

1. This is SCT-013-030 Non-invasive AC Current Sensor Clamp

Sensor 30A. SCT-013-000 is a Non-Invasive AC current sensor i.e.
it is a current transformer that can be used to measure AC current up
to 100 amperes.
2. This non-invasive current sensor clamped around the supply line can
measure a load up to 30 Amps, and allow you to calculate how much
current pass through it. It can be useful for building your own energy
monitor or for building an over-current protection device for an AC
load. This current clamp can be used to detect a current of up to 30A.

• Specifications :-

Core Material Ferrite

External Material ABS

Input Current 0-30A

Opening Size(mm) 1313

Dielectric Strength(VAC/1min)6000
Operating Temperature (C) -25 to 85

Output Mode 0-1V @ 30mA

Length (mm) 57

Width (mm) 36

Height (mm) 21

Weight (gm) 65

Cable Length (Meter) 1

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Features:

1. Non-invasive current transformer

2. Suitable for lighting equipment, AC motors, air compressors,
monitoring, current measurement, and protection
3. Meet UL94-V0 flame retardant properties
4. Two forms of output current, voltage (voltage output built-in the
sampling resistor)
5. Non-linearity 3% (10%-120% rated input current)
6. Output Plug 3.5mm.

Applications:

1. Suitable for the current measuring.

2. Monitoring and protection of AC motor
3. Lighting equipment
4. Air compressor

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d. Dual Channel Relay module:
1. This is a 5V, 10A 2-Channel Relay interface board. It can be used
to control various appliances, and other equipments with large
current. It can be controlled directly with 3.3V or 5V logic signals
from a microcontroller (Arduino, 8051, AVR, PIC, DSP, ARM,
ARM, MSP430, TTL logic).
2. It has a 1x4 (2.54mm pitch) pin header for connecting power (5V
and 0V), and for controlling the 2 relays.

The pins are marked on the PCB:

• GND - Connect 0V to this pin.

• IN1 - Controls relay 1, active Low Relay will turn on when this input goes
below about 2.0V

• IN2 - Controls relay 2, active Low Relay will turn on when this input goes
below about 2.0V

• VCC - Connect 5V to this pin. Is used to power the opto-couplers

Specification:

• High current relay, AC250V 10A, DC5V 10A

• 2 LEDs to indicate when relays are on

• Works with logic level signals from 3.3V or 5V devices

• Opto isolation circuitry

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5.2 USER INTERFACE:

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 CHAPTER 6: IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTING

6.1 IMPLEMENTATION APPROACH:

Our project is a combination of hardware and software products. As our project

consists of multiple modules and applications, so, the User Interface that we
have created will have all the functions to command the home appliances of the
user for the user. The hardware is assembled and integrated on a PCB (Printed
Circuit Board), while the code is compiled on different IDEs (Integrated
Development Environment) as required.

6.2 CODING DETAILS AND CODE EFFICIENCY:

The code used to measure electricity consumption of a house is calculated by

how power is calculated theoretically i.e., power (P) is the product of voltage
(V) and current (I).

P = V x I.

The voltage and current is calculated with the help of voltage and current
sensors that is used in the circuit. All this information is collected by the
computer from the micro-controller through Wi-Fi. The code calculates the
power and measures electricity consumption second by second.

The app created is enough to control all the appliances connected to our circuit
as the micro-controller(esp32) is coded accordingly.

6.3 TESTING:

The home automation system that we developed consists of various modules,

so we had to test each module separately before we integrate all the modules
together.

The test plan was to:

• Check whether we reach the client’s goal

• Test the modules working properly before and after changes
• Checking for bugs in the code

The first testing was done to check whether all modules consisting of both
hardware and software applications work ideally as per test cases.

The next testing was based on how the system works when modules are
integrated together. This test might have a different result than the initial

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testing so, we keep a check on the results of each testing and update the
modules as required.

The next test is done after the changes are made in the existing model. A
regression testing check is required as to there might be new bugs created and
they might not even be from the same module.

After the regression test is done, a final test is done to check upon how the
system is working in normal environment and we have reached the client’s
goal.

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 CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSION, LIMITATIONS AND
FUTURE SCOPE

7.1 CONCLUSION: -
• We can conclude that the product can make one’s life easier and save their
energy as well.
• It is cost efficient and easy to use.
• This project will create an efficient replacement existing smart home system.
• It will keep your home secure and along with that it will always keep you up
to date of the whereabouts of your home.
• This project will help every individual to get experience of smart living.

7.2 LIMITATIONS OF THE SYSTEM:

• User must have a personal smartphone device and Wi-Fi at home.

• Smartphone must have access to the Internet.
• System setup should be done in right way

7.3 FUTURE SCOPE:

The future scope of this project would be great as every average individual or
consumer look for the better option available. In the near future almost all the electronic
devices will take advantage of this technology through home networks and the internet.

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 CHAPTER 8: REFERENCES

[1] Ahmed ElShafee(2012)”Design and Implementation of a WiFi Based Home

Automation System” International Journal of Computer, Electrical, Automation,
Control and Information Engineering Vol:6, No:8, 2012

[2] Vinay Sagar K (2015) Home Automation Using Internet of Things International
Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET )

[3] Neha Malik and Yogita Bodwade,” Literature Review on Home Automation
System” International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and
Communication Engineering, Volume 6, 2017.

[4] Shaikh Amreen, Londhe Nishigandha, Birhade Apeksha, Gaikwad Jayprakash and
Kodak Priyesh,” Architecture for internet of things for home automation”International
Journal of Engineering and Computer Science, Volume 6, 2017.

[5] A. Tiwari and H. Maurya, “Challenges and Ongoing Researches for IOT (Internet
of Things): A Review,” ,Volume 5, no. 2, pp. 57–60, 2017.

[6] Satish Palaniappan”Home Automation Systems - A Study”, Volume 116, 2015

[7] https://www.ijert.org/research/a-review-on-internet-of-thing-for-home-
automation-IJERTCONV8IS10022.pdf

[8]https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Smart-Home-Automation%3A-A-
Literature-Review-Gunge-Yalagi/2719b4b17aca1b3ae9cca8d257acc2b2611481ce

[9] https://ijarcce.com/upload/2017/march-17/IJARCCE%20173.pdf

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