GENERAL PHYSICS 1 QUARTER 2 GRADE 12-STEM

WORKSHEET NO. 1
Rotation and Equilibrium

Part I. Connect and Learn

In the previous lesson, you have learned about collision, momentum and impulse. You have learned
that linear momentum is a product of an objects mass and velocity. This was further used in understanding
collision and impulse. In this new lesson, you will learn about kinematics of rotation and equilibrium. Your
prior knowledge will help you in understanding this lesson.

Part II/III Learning Competency and Objectives

At the end of the lesson, you will be able to:
 Calculate the moment of inertia about a given axis of single-object and multiple-object systems
 Calculate magnitude and direction of torque using the definition of torque as a cross product
 Describe rotational quantities using vectors
 Determine whether a system is in static equilibrium or not
 Apply the rotational kinematic relations for systems with constant angular accelerations
 Determine angular momentum of different systems
 Apply the torque-angular momentum relation
 Solve static equilibrium problems in contexts but not limited to see-saws,
cable-hinge-strut-system, leaning ladders, and weighing a heavy suitcase using a small
bathroom scale

Part IV. Brief Discussion

Lesson 1: Rotation, Kinematics of Rotation, Moment of Inertia and Torque

Kinematics of Rotation

Rotation refers to motion of a body turning about an axis, where each particle of the body moves along
a circular path. Some examples of rotation is the movement of a hand of a clock and Earth rotating about its
axis.
The equations of kinematics and dynamics of rectilinear motion can be written in terms of angular
quantities. Greek letters are used to represent angular quantities.
The angular position of the particle is represented by θ. When the disk rotates from an initial position to
final position, it is represented as     0 . The units of angular displacement is in degrees, radians or
revolutions.
1 revolution = 360° = 6.28 radians
Linear displacement s along an arc is given by s  r , where s is the linear displacement, r is the
angle in radians and θ is the angular displacement.
Angular velocity is analogous to linear velocity. Angular velocity is the rate at which angular

displacement changes with time.  
t
Linear velocity is given by the equation, v  r . Angular acceleration is given by the equation,
  0
 . Linear acceleration is given by the equation, a  r 
t
The table below shows the relationship between linear kinematics and rotational kinematics. The
formula you have learned from linear kinematics is teh same with rotational kinematics.
Linear Motion Rotational Motion
x  vt    t
v  v0   0
v 
2 2
v  v0   0
a 
t t

Subject Teacher: Ms. Vanessa Grace G. Mara 1

GENERAL PHYSICS 1 QUARTER 2 GRADE 12-STEM
2
2 ax  v  v 2
0 2 x    
2 2
0

1 2 1
 x  v0 t  at    0t   t 2
2 2

Let’s answer the problem involving rotational kinematics.

PROBLEM: A rider notices that the wheels of his 6.28radians
bicycle make 12 rev in 15s. (a) What is the average   12rev   75.36radians  75radians
1rev
angular speed of the wheel in radians/s. (b) What (a)
distance in meters does the wheel travel if its radius  75.36radians
   5.0radians / s
is 33cm? t 15s
  12 rev
GIVEN:
t  15 s
(b) s  r   ( 0 .33 m )( 75 .36 radians )  24 .9 m  25 m

Moment of Inertia
Moment of Inertia is also known as rotational inertia, is the rotationa analog for mass and is
represented by capital I. It is the property of a rotating body to resist change in its state of rotation. The SI
2
unit for moment of inertia is kg  m . The formula for moment of inertia is I  mr 2 where m is the mass and r
is the distance from the axis.
For a system made up of several particles, the moment of inertia is the sum of the individual moment of
inertia. I s  m1r1 2  m 2 r2 2  ...

Radius of gyration (k) is the distance from an axis of rotation where the mass of a body may be
assumed to be concentrated without altering the moment if inertia of the body about that axis. Radius of
gyration is anologous with the center of mass.
I
k
m
Let’s answer the problem involving moment of inertia.

Subject Teacher: Ms. Vanessa Grace G. Mara 2

GENERAL PHYSICS 1 QUARTER 2 GRADE 12-STEM
PROBLEM: During a town fiesta, a majorette is 2
I  m1r1  m2 r2
2

twirling a baton in her hand. Suppose that the baton

2 2
consists of a metal ball of mass 0.25kg and (b) I  (0.25kg )(0.06m)  (0.25kg )(0.4  0.06m)
diameter 0.12m at each end of a slim rod. The rod
is 0.50m long. (a) Find the moment of inertia at the I  0.059kg  m 2
middle and (b) 0.4m from one end of the rod.
Assume that the rod has negligible mass.
2 2
I  m1r1  m2 r2
2 2
(a) I  (0.25kg )(0.06m)  (0.25kg )(0.06m)
I  0.048kg  m 2
Torque
Torque is the effectiveness of a force in rotating a body on which it acts. The Greek letter tau ( ) is
  rF
usually used to represent torque. The formula is given as
  (r sin  ) F

Let’s answer the problem involving torque.

PROBLEM: Calculate the net torque about point O  1   F1l1  (8.00N )(5.00m)  40.0 N  m
for the two forces applied as in Fig. E10.2. The rod
and both forces are in the plane of the page.  2  F2l2  (12.0 N )(2.00m) sin 30.0  12.0 N  m
 T   1   2  40N  m  12.0 N  m  28.0 N  m

Lesson 2. Equilibrium
Statics is concerned with the calculation of forces acting on and within structures that are in equilibrium.
Center of gravity is the point where its entire weight may be assumed to be concentrated.

CONDITIONS FOR EQUILIBRIUM

Translational equilibrium An object that has no net force acting on it. F 0
Rotational equilibrium The sum of the torques about any point must be   0
zero.

If the resultant of the forces acting on the body is not zero, the addition of another force, called the
equilibrant, is needed to balance the resultant to produce translational equilibrium.

Let’s answer the problem involving equilibrium.

PROBLEM: A taho vendor carries a 1.5m long light F  40 N  60 N  0
(a)
plank over his shoulder. At the ends of the plank are F  100 N
two buckets weighing 40 N and 60 N, respectively.
(a) Find the value of force F exerted by his shoulder.
Neglect the weight of the plank. (b) Where should (b)
 A  x(100N ) sin 90  1.5(40N ) sin 90  0
he support the plank for it to be balanced x  0.6m
horizontally?
0.6 m from end A

Subject Teacher: Ms. Vanessa Grace G. Mara 3

GENERAL PHYSICS 1 QUARTER 2 GRADE 12-STEM

Part V. Learning Activities

The following activities will determine how well you have understood the lesson.
Answer the activities with HONESTY. Check your answers against the key answer
provided in the last page of the SLM. Do not worry about your score in the activity. This will
not be a part of your grade. Your answers in the activities, if necessary, will determine the
assistance that will be provided by your subject teacher.
After checking your responses in the learning activities, answer Part 6: HOW WELL
HAVE YOU UNDERSTOOD THE LESSON?

ACTIVITY 1: CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING!

DIRECTIONS: Read the questions below and answer them briefly.
1. What is rotational motion?
______________________________________________________________________________
2. How are angular quantities related to linear counterparts?
______________________________________________________________________________
3. What is moment of inertia?
______________________________________________________________________________
4. What is torque?
______________________________________________________________________________
5. What are the conditions for equilibrium?
______________________________________________________________________________
6. What is a necessary condition for a body to be stable?
______________________________________________________________________________
ACTIVITY 2: APPLY WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED
DIRECTIONS: Analyze the given problems. Show your solution and encircle your final answer.
1. (a) What angle in radians is subtended by an arc 1.50 m long on the circumference of a circle of radius
2.50 m? What is this angle in degrees? (b) An arc 14.0 cm long on the circumference of a circle subtends an
angle of 128ₒ. What is the radius of the circle? (c) The angle between two radii of a circle with radius 1.50 m
is 0.700 rad. What length of arc is intercepted on the circumference of the circle by the two radii?
2. A bicycle wheel has an initial angular velocity of 1.5 rad/s. (a) If its angular acceleration is constant and
equal to 0.300 rad/s2, what is its angular velocity at t=2.5s?
3. We wrap a light, nonstretching cable around a solid cylinder of mass 50 kg and diameter 0.120 m, which
rotates in frictionless bearings about a stationary horizontal axis (Fig. 9.16). We pull the free end of the cable
with a constant 9.0-N force for a distance of 2.0 m; it turns the cylinder as it unwinds without slipping. The
cylinder is initially at rest. Find its moment of inertia.

4. Calculate the torque (magnitude and direction) about point O due to the force in each of the cases
sketched in Fig. E10.1. In each case, the force and the rod both lie in the plane of the page, the rod has
length 4.00 m, and the force has magnitude F = 10.0 N.

Subject Teacher: Ms. Vanessa Grace G. Mara 4

GENERAL PHYSICS 1 QUARTER 2 GRADE 12-STEM

5. A uniform 300-N trapdoor in a floor is hinged at one side. Find the net upward force needed to begin to
open it and the total force exerted on the door by the hinges (a) if the upward force is applied at the center
and (b) if the upward force is applied at the center of the edge opposite the hinges.
6. A diving board 3.00 m long is supported at a point 1.00 m from the end, and a diver weighing 500 N
stands at the free end (Fig. E11.11). The diving board is of uniform cross section and weighs 280 N. Find (a)
the force at the support point..

 Cut Here

Part VI. How Well Have You Understood the Lesson?

DIRECTIONS: Put a check mark in box corresponding to your answer.

1. Which of the items in Activity 1 did you get correctly?

1 2 3 4 5 6

2. Which of the questions in Activity 2 were you not able to answer?

1 2 3 4 5 6

3. Which of the following concepts, ideas, topics or lessons did you not understand?

Rotational Moment of Inertia Torque Equilibrium

Kinematics

Subject Teacher: Ms. Vanessa Grace G. Mara 5

GENERAL PHYSICS 1 QUARTER 2 GRADE 12-STEM

Key Answer

Subject Teacher: Ms. Vanessa Grace G. Mara 6