BISHOP STUART UNIVERSITY

FACULTY: BUSINESS ECONOMICS AND GOVERNACE

COURSE UNIT: INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

YEAR: THREE

SEMESTER: ONE

LECTURER: MR. TUKWATSIBWE MOSES

GROUP MEMBERS
NAMES REG. NO
1. MURUGUTU MARGARET 20/BSU/BPAM/2408
2. NAGABA FORTUNATE 20/BSU/BPAM/2964
3. ARINAITWE CHRISTINE 20/BSU/BPAM/2861
4. NABEKA HOPE 20/BSU/BPAM/2999
5. OWAMAZIMA RITAH 20/BSU/BPAM/2808
6. NASASIIRA MIRIA 19/BSU/BPAM/501

International Relations course work II: Group work

Question

1. Question 1: “Globalization is a necessary evil in our contemporary world order” Discuss.

(20 Marks)

2. Question 2: Examine the role of UN’s five main organs [General assembly, Security
Council, Economic and social council, The Secretariat and; International court of Justice]
in fostering global harmony. (20 Marks)
Question 1

Globalization is the growth, expansion and integration of different systems such as economics,
culture and politics on a global scale. Whether globalization is a force of good or evil has
become a highly contested issue throughout the world. The proliferation of economic
globalization has been advocated for with the claim that a greater socioeconomic integration and
collaboration among countries will increase the living standards of both the rich and the poor.

Some argue that globalization is a positive development as it will give rise to new industries and
more jobs in developing countries. Others say globalization is negative in that it will force poorer
countries of the world to do whatever the big developed countries tell them to do.

The following are the reasons as to why Globalization is a necessary evil in our contemporary
world order. Globalization impacts world in many different ways. But those who decide to take
on international expansion find several benefits, including:;

Globalization helped the production markets go global.

When production markets went worldwide, foreign products became more easily accessible and
readily available to the consumers and companies. This brought about trade on a larger scale
between the countries national boundaries for goods and materials.

Increased Transport of Goods

One of the primary results of globalization is that it opens businesses up to new markets in which
they can sell goods and source labor, raw materials, and components.

Both of these realities mean finished products travel farther now than ever before potentially
halfway around the globe. In the past, products were more likely to be produced, sold, and
consumed more locally. 

Economic Specialization

One oft-overlooked side effect of globalization is that it allows nations and geographical regions
to focus on their economic strengths, content in knowing they can turn to trading partners for
goods they don’t produce themselves. This economic specialization often boosts productivity and
efficiency.
Decreased Biodiversity

Increased greenhouse gas emissions, ocean acidification, deforestation (and other forms of
habitat loss or destruction), climate change, and the introduction of invasive species all work to
reduce biodiversity around the globe.

Increased Awareness

While many of globalization’s environmental effects have been negative, its increase has
heightened environmental awareness worldwide.

Greater connectivity and higher rates of international travel have made it easier than ever for
individuals to see the effects of deforestation, habitat loss, and climate change on the
environment. This, in turn, has contributed to new laws, regulations, and processes that limit
negative effects.

Access to New Cultures.

Globalization makes it easier than ever to access foreign culture, including food, movies, music,
and art. This free flow of people, goods, art, and information is the reason you can have Jumia
food delivered to your apartment as you listen to your favorite UK-based artist or stream a
Ugandan movie.

The Spread of Technology and Innovation.

Many countries around the world remain constantly connected, so knowledge and technological
advances travel quickly. Because knowledge also transfers so fast, this means that scientific
advances made in Africa can be at work in the Uganda in a matter of days.

Lower Costs for Products.

Globalization allows companies to find lower-cost ways to produce their products. It also
increases global competition, which drives prices down and creates a larger variety of choices for
consumers.

Higher Standards of Living across the Globe.

Developing nations experience an improved standard of living and all the credit go to
globalization. According to the World Bank, extreme poverty decreased by 35% since 1990.
Access to New Markets.

World gain a great deal from globalization, including new customers and diverse revenue
streams. Companies interested in these benefits look for flexible and innovative ways to grow
their business overseas. 

Access to New Talent.

In addition to new markets, globalization allows companies to find new, specialized talent that is
not available in their current market. For example, globalization gives companies the opportunity
to explore tech talent in booming markets; this allows companies to compliantly employ workers
overseas, without having to establish a legal entity, making global hiring easier than ever.

However, much as Globalization is seen as a necessary evil, on the hand it has also impacted the
world order negatively as explained below;

International Recruiting.

Recruiting across borders creates unknowns for HR teams. First, companies create a plan for
how they will interview and thoroughly vet candidates to make sure they are qualified when
thousands of miles separate them from headquarters.

Loss of Cultural Identity.

While globalization has made foreign countries easier to access, it has also begun to meld unique
societies together. The success of certain cultures throughout the world caused other countries to
emulate them. But when cultures begin to lose their distinctive features, we lose our global
diversity.

Foreign Worker Exploitation.

Lower costs do benefit many consumers, but it also creates tough competition that leads some
companies to search for cheap labor sources. Some western companies ship their production
overseas to countries like China and Malaysia.

Immigration Challenges and Local Job Loss.

The political climates in the Uganda and Africa show that there are different viewpoints on the
results of globalization. Many countries around the globe are tightening their immigration rules,
and it is harder for immigrants to find jobs in new countries.
Globalization tends to move taxation away from corporations, and onto individual citizens. 

Corporations have the ability to move to locations where the tax rate is lowest. Individual
citizens have much less ability to make such a change. Also, with today’s lack of jobs, each
community competes with other communities with respect to how many tax breaks it can give to
prospective employers. 

Globalization encourages dependence on other countries for essential goods and services. 

With globalization, goods can often be obtained cheaply from elsewhere. A country may come to
believe that there is no point in producing its own food or clothing. It becomes easy to depend on
imports and specialize in something like financial services or high-priced medical care–services
that are not as oil-dependent.

Globalization increases world carbon dioxide emissions. 

If the world burns its coal more quickly, and does not cut back on other fossil fuel use, carbon
dioxide emissions increase.

Conclusion

Though globalization has proven to be more of an evil then a benefactor to the world, it appears
it has become a necessary evil. It has brought about great changes, along with horrific ones as
well. None the less, Globalization is no to be feared, just not embraced as widely and
intrinsically as the world has today, for it permits those whose objective is gain by any means
necessary to take advantage of those who maybe innocent to the negative effects.
Question 2

United Nations

The United Nations is an intergovernmental organization aiming to maintain international peace

and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be
a Centre for harmonizing the actions of nations. It is the world's largest and most familiar
international organization.

The United Nations is an international organization founded in 1945 after the Second World War
by 51 countries committed to maintaining international peace and security, developing friendly
relations among nations and promoting social progress, better living standards and human rights.
The UN has six principal organs: the General Assembly; the Security Council; the Economic and
Social Council (ECOSOC); the Trusteeship Council; the International Court of Justice; and
the UN Secretariat.

The roles of UN’s five main organs in fostering global harmony are discussed as below;

General Assembly

The UN General Assembly is the main policy-making organ of the Organization. Comprising all
Member States, it provides a unique forum for multilateral discussion of the full spectrum of
international issues covered by the Charter of the United Nations.

The UN General Assembly delivers recommendations on many international issues and manages
internal UN appointments and budget approval. Each UN member state gets one vote in the
assembly.

Decisions on important questions, such as those on peace and security, admission of new
members and budgetary matters, require a two-thirds majority of the General Assembly.

Security Council

The Security Council takes the lead in determining the existence of a threat to the peace or an act
of aggression. Under Chapter VII of the UN Charter, the Security Council can take enforcement
measures to maintain or restore international peace and security.

The Security Council has primary responsibility, under the United Nations Charter, for the
maintenance of international peace and security. It is for the Security Council to determine when
and where a UN peace operation should be deployed.
The Security Council monitors the work of UN peace operations on an ongoing basis, including
through periodic reports from the Secretary-General and by holding dedicated Security Council
sessions to discuss the work of specific operations.

Economic and Social Council

Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), one of the six principal organs of the United Nations
(UN), it is the UN's largest and most complex subsidiary body.

It is the main body responsible for coordination, policy dialogue, policy review and
recommendations on social, economic and environmental issues, and also the implementation of
internationally agreed development goals.

ECOSOC is also responsible for promoting higher standards of living, full employment, and
economic and social progress; identifying solutions to international economic, social and health
problems; facilitating international cultural and educational cooperation.

UN Secretariat

The Secretariat's personnel in effect constitute an international civil service. Among them
are translators, clerks, technicians, administrators, project directors, and negotiators. The
secretary-general is elected by the General Assembly, on the recommendation of the Security
Council, for a renewable five-year term.

The Secretariat carries out the substantive and administrative work of the United Nations as
directed by the General Assembly, the Security Council and the other organs. At its head is the
Secretary-General, who provides overall administrative guidance.

International Court of Justice

The International Court of Justice is the main Judicial Organization of the UN. The court consists
of 15 judges representing different geographical regions in the world to resolve disputes brought
to it by member nations.

The Court's role is to settle, in accordance with international law, legal disputes submitted to it
by States and to give advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by authorized United
Nations organs and specialized agencies.
References

http://new.gbgm-umc.org/media/missionstudies/pdf/globalizationtimeline.pdf

https://velocityglobal.com/blog/globalization-benefits-and-challenges/

 "International Court of Justice | Definition, Cases, Purpose, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica.

Retrieved 18 October 2021.

Nations, United. "Secretariat". United Nations. Retrieved 18 October 2021.

"United Nations Charter: Chapter V". United Nations. 17 June 2015. Archived from the original
on 3 November 2017. Retrieved 2 November 2017.

 "Main Organs". 18 November 2014. Archived from the original on 16 November 2018.

Retrieved 21 November 2018.