(၀၅) အရိယဝေါဟာရတ္ထကထာ

t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
"r®0d[m&D ½SifÓP
SSSS
1365ckESpf 0gacgifvjynfhausmf 10&uf
S 2003ckESpf Mo*kwfv 22&uf
S S
S S
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSS S
(jzefYa0&efr[kwf? avYvmaqG;aEG; usifYyGm;&eftwGufom jzpfonf)

1
um t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
okwåeyd gw
or®my&dAÁmZed,okwå owår*gxm
( ygVd )
0pom reom p ur®Kem p?
t0d½ka'¨m or®m 0d'dwGme "r®H/
edAÁme y'gbd yw¬,maem?
or®m aom avmau y&dAÁaZ,s/
( jrefrm )
udk,-f EIw-f pdwxf m; trSm;a½SmifcGg?
w&m;-rw&m; jywfom;odcg?
vlUNidr;f at;rI a½S;½IvkdYom?
jrwfw&m; rrSm; usifY&rSm/

2
t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm ud

3
uD t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
y&d,wåd omoem[dw? omoevuFm&?
omraPausm?f
omoe"Z od&yD 0& "r®mp&d,?
ygVdyXrjyef *kPxf ;l ? ygVdyg&*l? 'DCbmPu
r[m*E¦0gpuy@dw
t½SiÓf PdE´mvuFm&(awmifil)
\
rdwq f ufpum;
ÓaPm ÓPm, ÓwaAÁ?
ÓPdE-´ ÓP-0gus.aw¬?
ÓaPod ÓPocFg,?
*PSEÅK ÓP'óeH/
ÓaPm = "r®0d[m&D? *kPfxl;csDí? onDbGJUac:? &] iS Ó

f P} q&m
awmfonf/
ÓwaAÁ = t&d,opöm? odp&mwdkYudk/
ÓPm, = od-y,f-qdku-f yGm;? tpGr;f tm;jzif?Y jywfom;pGmyif? odjrif
Edkiaf p&ef/
ÓPdE´ÓP0gusaw¬ = Ak'öcif? ÓPfBuD;&Si\ f ? ÓPf0ifa[mMum;?
ÓPfpum;wdkY\? ÓPftm;xdkuo f uf? t"dyÜg,feufwkdYukd/
Óayod = bk&m;pum;?ygVdrsm;rdk?Y bk&m;tjrif? abmifouf0ifatmif?
pmwifa&;om;? today;xm;awmf rlayNyD/
(A[lZem = ]]t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm}}? usr;f þpmudk? avYvmMuol?
rsm;&Sivf lwkdYonf)
4
t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm uk
ÓPocFg,= ]]pum;txm? ajymolom}}-[k? aumif;pGmodjrif? usr;f jyK
&Sifvdk? qifjcifapYik? ÓPfjzifY½Ií/
ÓP'óeH = opömt&d? ,mtodjzifY? ½IMunfYxifxif? ]]t&d,opöm
'óetjrif}}qdkwJY tjrifudk/
*PSEÅK = udk,fYwGufudk,fwm? udk,fusdK;ygojzifY? cGifYcgoifYay--?
&atmif-,lEikd Mf uygapownf;/

5
ul t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm

6
t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm au
t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
ed'gef;
]t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxmed'gef;}-tjzpf uREkyf w f kdY\ ,kHMunf

csuu f kd wifjy&rnf/
uREkyf wf kdY\q&mawmfonf uREkyf w f kdYtm; t&d,opömw&m;udk
vrf;nTejf yocJo Y nf/ q&mawmf\ vrf;nTerf jI zifY uREkyf w f koYd nf ]avm
uudk odjrifEkid o f nfYopömrsupf }d yGiYfvmcJYonf/ t0dZÆmwdrw f kdurf sm;
vGipYf ifomG ;onft Y wGuf avmuok;H yg;taMumif; aumif;aumif;odjrif
vmonf/ odkYtwGuf uREkyf w f kdY\q&mtay:ü tm;udk;,kHMunfrIrsm;?
tHYMocsD;rGr;f zG,rf sm; wdk;yGm;vmcJYonf/
uREfkyfwdkYq&mawmfonf odp&m&SdorQudk vHk;0ukefpif

odjrifcJhNyD;? y,fp&m&SdorQudk t<uif;r&Sd y,fowfNyD;NyD? yGm;p&m
&So
d rQ yGm;rsm;NyD;í qdkupf &mudkqkduaf &mufNyD;cJhNyD [k uREfkyw
f kdY
rrSdwfrokef ,HkMunfcJh&NyD/
q&mawmfonf udk,fwdkifavQmufzl;aomvrf;? udk,fwdkif

qdkuaf &mufcJhonfhyef;wdkiu
f kd wynfhom0uwdkYtm;vnf; xdkvrf;t
wdki;f avQmufvSr;f apí yef;wdkitf xd atmifjrifpmG qdkuaf &mufapcJhNyD/
wynfhom0uwdkYonfvnf; xdkvrf;twdki;f avQmufvSr;f um yef;wdkif
toD;oD;odkY qdkuaf &mufcJhMuNyD/

7
uJ t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
xdkvrf;um; tjcm;r[kw?f vrf;½dk;vrf;a[mif;BuD;om jzpf
onf/ a&S;a&S;aom bk&m;-yapöuAk'¨g-t&d,mom0uwdkY avQmuf
vSr;f cJMh uonfh ]rZÑrd y#dy'g}ac: ] tv,fvrf;tusih}f -om jzpfonf/
tv,fvrf;tusihfum; t&d,mjzpfaponfhvrf; jzpf\/ vlomrn
rEkówdkYxuf omvGejf rifhjrwfaom udk,Ef IwEf SvHk; jzLpifajzmifhrwf
onfh ]Owå&rd Ekó avmukwå&mvlom;vrf;} jzpf\/ bk&m;oQif
avQmufvSrf;apvdkonfh tjrwfqHk;vlom;vrf; jzpf\/
tjrwfqHk;vlom; jzpfap&eftwGuf bk&m;oQifonf Owå&d

rEkó"r®ac: t&d,opömw&m;udk av;q,fYig;0g umvywfvHk;
rem;rae a[mMum;cJh\/ xdkt&d,opömw&m;um; avmuw&m;rsm;
xuf xl;jcm;vGefuJaom avmukwå&mw&m; jzpf\/
avmuw&m;rsm;um; umr? ½ly? t½ly [laom bHkoHk;yg;

w&m;? Oyg'geu©E¨mw&m;wdkY jzpf\/ t0dZÆm-wPSm-Oyg'gef udav
orm&f aESmifzUJG c&H aom avmuDw&m;wdkY jzpf\/ udavo0#f? ur®0#f?
0dygu0#f pufvnfíjzpfonfh oHo&m0#f'ku©w&m;wdkY jzpf\/ t
aMumif;w&m;wdkYudkpGJí tusdK;w&m;wdkY tqufqufjzpfMuonfh
ork',w&m;wdkY jzpf\/ 'ku©w&m;wdkY jzpfyGm;yHkjy y#dpöorkyÜg'f
tEkvHkw&m;wdkY jzpf\/ 'ku©csKyfyHkysufyHk jyonfum; y#dpöorkyÜg'f
y#dvHkw&m;wdkY jzpf\/

8
t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm aumY
xdkYaMumifh ]jzpf-ysuf} [lonf ½kyfemrfw&m;wdkY\ Oyg'f?
XD? bif jzpfysufjzpfí xdkjzpfysufudk ½IrSwf&rnfr[kwfbJ t&d,m
wdkY tjrift& y#dpöorkyÜg'f oHo&m0#f'ku©wkdY\ jzpf-csKyfukd ½IrSwf
&rnf jzpf\/ jzpf-ysufjrif [lonfvnf; ],HuÍd dö ork', "r®H
oAÁw H H eda&m""r®}H -]oHo&m0#f'kuw© k\
Yd jzpfrrI eS o
f rQ csKyfatmif jyKí
&\}-[k odjrifrIjzpf\/ au0vó 'ku©u©E¨ó ork'a,mESifh
eda&ma"mwdkY jzpf\/
y#dpöorkyÜg'f usKd ;aMumif;qufukd odaomÓPfonf "r®|wd d

ÓPf jzpf\/ w&m;üwnfaomÓPf? w&m;udkoad omÓPf jzpf\/
t&d,mwdkY odjrifonfÓ h Pf jzpf\/ a&S;a&S;aom bk&m;paom t&d,m
olawmfaumif;wdkYonfvnf; þÓPfjzifh edAÁmefokdYqkduaf &mufMu\/
xdkYaMumifh ]w&m;udkov d Qif bk&m;udko\ d / w&m;udkjrifvQif

bk&m;udkjrif\}/ wHcg;wpfaygufom 0ifxu G of mG ;vm&ef&o
dS nfh NrdKUxJ
odkY 0ifxGuo f Gm;vmaeolrsm;onf þwHcg;aygufrSom 0ifxGuo f Gm;
vmaeMuonf/ 0ifxu G o
f mG ;vmEdki&f ef tjcm;vrf;r&S[d k odbo d uJhokdY
edAÁmefokdY qdkuaf &mufolrsm;onf þr*¾iv f rf;rSwpfyg;? tjcm;vrf;r&Sd
[k odjrifonfhÓPfonf "r®mEG,ÓPf rnf\/
þodkY "r®|dwdÓPfESifh "r®mEG,ÓPfudk &&SdodjrifNyD;aom

olonf Ak'¨bmodw"r®ESifh tnbmodw"r®wdkYudk uGJjym;pGm odjrif

9
aumf t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
Edki\
f / ]bk&m;a[mw&m;ESihf bk&m;ra[m w&m;wdkYukd cGJjcm;Ekid \ f }-
[k qdkvkd\/ rrSD0J ryGm;rsm;tyfaom w&m;ESihf rSD0JyGm;rsm;tyfaom
w&m;wdkYukd ydki;f jcm;Edki\
f / rrSD0J ryGm;rsm;tyfaom w&m;wdkYum;
tEÅtpGe;f w&m;rsm; jzpfí? rS0D yJ mG ;rsm;tyfaom w&m;um; rZÑrd y#dy'g
ac: tv,fvrf;w&m;om jzpf\/ tpGef;w&m;wdkYu 'ku©jzpfí
tv,fvrf;w&m;um; 'ku©ead &m"w&m; jzpf\/
"r®pMuma'oemawmft& tpGef;w&m;ESpfyg;um; umruH

rsm;ESihf r[*¾KwfuHwkdY jzpf\/ opömtm;jzifh orkwo
d pömESihf y&rw¬
opömwdkY jzpf\/ t&d,rjzpfapEdkio f nfh te&d,w&m;? r*fzkdvef Ad Ámef
tusKd ;udk rNyD;ajrmufapEdkio
f nfh tew¬oH[w d w&m;wdkY jzpf\/ oHk;
q,fhwpfbHk 0#f'ku©ukdom jzpfapEdkio f nfh Oyg'geu©E¨mw&m;wdkYom
jzpf\/ avmukwå&mr*¾\ t½IcHtm½Hk 'ku©w&m;wdkY jzpf\/
tuREfkyw f kdY\ q&mawmfonf "r®|w d Ó

d PfESihf "r®mEG,ÓPf
wdkYukd tqHk;wdkif aygufa&mufojd rifNyD; jzpfí bk&m;oQif a[mawmfrl
onfh w&m;awmfESihf bk&m;oQifra[monfh w&m;wdkYukd cGJjcm;em;vnf
onf/ bk&m;ra[mcJhonfh w&m;wdkYum; tpGe;f w&m;rsm;ESihf tAsm
uxew&m;wdkY jzpf\/
tAsmuxew&m;q,fyg;[lonf avmuBuD;NrJ-rNrJ? owå
0gaoNyD;aemuf jzpf-rjzpf ponfht,l0g'rsm; jzpf\/ tukodkvf
w&m;? rdpämtjrifrmS ;rsm; jzpf\/ r*¾jA[®p&d,\ tppGmaom or®m'd|d

10
t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm uH
rQyif rjzpfonfh w&m;wdkY jzpf\/ þw&m;wdkYukd bk&m;oQif ra[m
Mum;ay/
bk&m;a[monfhw&m;um; opömav;yg;w&m; jzpf\/ r*f

zdkvfedAÁmef tusdK;&Sdaomw&m; jzpf\/ t0dZÆmarSmifudk cGif;Edkifonfh
ÓPfa&mif tvif;w&m;om jzpf\/ rarG;zGm;rD a&S;b0t,l ykAEÁ ÅmEk
'd|Ed Sihf aoNyD; aemufb0t,l ty&EÅmEk'|d d rzuf ypöKyÜeo
f ufouf
½IuGux f m;um yGm;rsm;&onfhw&m; jzpf\/ þuJhokdY uREfkyw f kdY
q&mawmfonf Ak'¨bmodw"r®ESifh tnbmodw"r®wdkYudk cGJjcm;um
wynfhwdkYtm; jyocJh\/
xdkYjyif pum;wefqmqifrI o'´gvuFm&ESihf pum;eufwefqm

qifrI tw¬mvuFm&wdkYü uRrf;usifEdkifeif;onf/ taMumif;t&m
trsdK;rsdK;udk tao;pdwf cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmí em;vnfonf/ om0uwdkY
em;vnfatmifvnf; xkwaf qmif a[majymEdkio f nf/ y#dorÇ'd gÓPf
oabmudk aemaMuatmif odjrifonfh ] tHhzG,Of wå&rd Ekówpfyg;}-
[k uREfkyfwdkY tHhMoMu&onf/
uREfkyfwdkYonf ygVdyd#uwf rwwfí pdwfysuftm;i,fzG,f

rvdkay/ uREfkyfwdkYq&monf bk&m;a[mcJhonfh "r®uGufaygif; ig;
axmifrQudk tjynft h 0 od&edS m;vnfNyD;NyD/ xdkw&m;uGurf sm;udk wynfh
wdkYem;ESihw
f ef½Hk jrefrmjyefí ] r[mayg|u}-trnfjzifh wynfhwdkYtm;

11
um; t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
jzefYa0cJhNyD? w&m;awmf\ t"dyÜg,frSeu
f kd em;vnfEkdiaf p&ef yl;0ifuyf
,SOaf eonfh tarSmifyh a,m* rdpäm0g'rsm;udk z,f&mS ;um Ak'b ¨ modw
ppfppf t&d,pum;rsm;udkom zGifhazmfay;cJhonf/
þ]t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm}usrf;pmüvnf; uREfkyfwdkYonf
t&d,pum;oefYoefY? bk&m;pum;oefYoefYudkom Mum;em&rnf
jzpfayonf/ bk&m;&SifwdkYonf t&d,mrsm;jzpfaomaMumifh vlwdkif;
t&d,mjzpfatmif t&d,opömudkom a[mMum;awmfrlMuonf/
opömonf-
]orkwo
d pöm? y&rw¬opöm? t&d,opöm}[lí oHk;rsKd ;
&Syd gonf/ ]orkwo d pömESihf y&rw¬opöm}-wdkYonf
a&SmifMuOf&rnfh tpGe;f w&m;rsm;jzpfí ]t&d,opöm}-
om usihyf Gm;&rnfhopöm jzpfygonf/
,cktcg y&rw¬opömom t&Sdw&m;jzpfí y&rw¬opömudk
odu t&d,opömudk odNyD;jzpfawmhonf[k ]'ka0opömedtu©mod}-
*gxmudk ,Hkí opömESpfyg;om&SdaMumif; odaeMuygonff/
odkY&mwGif y&rw¬opöm[laom a0g[m&udk tbd"r®m

usr;f pmrsm;rSwyg; tjcm;edum,fig;&yf okwåeyf #d u
wdkYwGif avhvmaomf &SmawGUzkdY&ef rvG,af y/

12
t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm c
]y&rw¬opöm rodu w&m;r&Edki}f -[laom tbd"r®m t|u
xmq&mwdk\
Y pum;onfvnf; bk&m;oQif\ rdecYf eG ;f awmfEiS hf rnDay/
bk&m;oQifu-
]pwkEb d a© 0 t&d,opömeH teEkaAm"m tyÜ#ad 0"m} -
Hé u
]cspo
f m;wdkY opömav;yg;wdkYukd tavsmt
f m;jzifh rod
jcif;? xdk;xGi;f í rodjcif;aMumifh igbk&m;onfvnf;
aumif;? oifcspo f m;wdkYonfvnf;aumif;?þ&Snv f sm;
vSpGmaom umvywfvHk; oHo&m0#fqif;&Jüwajymif;
jyefjyef usivf nfc&hJ \ }-
[k a[mawmfrlcJhygonf/ y&rw¬opömudk rodjcif;aMumifh
[k a[mawmfrrlay/
]ig-olwyg;-a,musfm;-rdef;r r&Sd? ½kyfemrfom&Sdonf}-

[laom tjrifonf ]y&rw¬opömtjrif}-jzpfygonf/ þtjrifudk
tbd"r®musr;f rsm;teuf uxm0w¬Kusr;f wGif pwif awGU&&Sd ygonf/
þusrf;udk wwd,o*Fg,em tBuD;rSL;jzpfaom t&Sifarm*¾vdykwå
wdórax&f a[mMum;cJhaomfvnf; bk&m;oQifay;aom enf;udkrSD;í
a[mMum;aomaMumifh bk&m;a[musrf;[kyif od&SdaeMuygonf/
xdkusrf;ü ]opödu| y&raw¬e yk*¾avm EkyvAÇwd}

]y&rw¬ opömtm;jzifh yk*K¾d vfukd r&tyf}-[lí jzpfygonf/

13
cg
t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
yk*¾dKvfr&aomf ]ig-ol}vnf; r&tyf? ]a,musfm;-rdef;r}
ponfudkvnf;r&tyf[lí jzpfygonf/
]ig-ol}-aysmufaomf igESifhol-wdkY\ qufqHa&; um,?
0pD?raem?okp½dkuf'kp½dkufrsm;vnf; aysmufí vlYtajccHoDv ,Gif;
ysuaf wmhonf/ oDvr&So d ltjzpfokdY a&muf&So
d Gm;ygonf/ r[*¾Kwf
w&m;rsm;ü oDvapwodufac: 0d&wDapwodufwdkY r,SOfEdkifyHkudk
vnf; tbd"r®w¬o*F[ü-
]e 0dZÆaEÅw¬ 0d&wD Buda,okp r[*¾aw}-
[k qdkygonf/
r[*¾KwfyGm;u oDvrJhaMumif; þodkY od&Sd&ygonf/
bk&m;&Siu
f t*Fg&Spyf g;&Sad om t&d,r*f[k a[mMum;cJhaomf
vnf; ]or®m0gpm?or®mur®EÅ?or®mtmZD0}- oDvr*¾ifoHk;yg; ryg
aom yÚö*Øur*fjzifh r[*¾Kwfw&m;wdkYudk yGm;rsm;MuaMumif; od&Sd
&ygonf/
]t&d,r*¾i&f Spyf g;}-wGif vlYtonf;ESvHk;ESihf wlonfh

oDvr*¾iof Hk;yg;udk Ekwí f yÚö*u Ø r*fjzifh yGm;rsm;Mu
aomaMumifh avmuü oDvysuo f lOD;a&wdk;vmaeyg
onf/ tajccH vlYusih0f wfoDvrsm; ysujf ym;í opf
ikw-f ausmuf½kyEf Sihw
f laom ouf0if&Sio f efrIr&So
d nfh
vlYb0rsm;udk þyk*K¾d vfwkdY &&Sad eMuygonf/

14
cd
t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
"r®y'ü-
]r*¾geHt|*Øaum ra*¾g}=r*ftaygif;wGif t*Fg&Spyf g;
&Sad om t&d,r*f?]opömeH pwka&my'g }=opömwdkYwGif
Sd nfh t&d,opöm}-wdkY tjrwfqkH;}-[k
tydk'af v;ydk'&f o
bk&m;oQif a[mxm;ygonf/
y&rw¬opömESihf yÚö*u Ø r*fwku
Yd kd tjrwfqkH;[k ra[mMum;ay/
tjrwfqHk;w&m;udkom uREfkyfwdkYusifhBuHyGm;rsm;&rnf jzpfayonf/
t*¾'d wåjAm[®P0w¬Küvnf;-
]vlwkuYd k;d uG,rf I trsKd ;rsKd ;jyK&mü ab;ruif;onfh
udk;uG,rf Irsm;omjzpfí t&d,opömav;yg; tm;xm;
yGm;rsm;rIuom ab;uif;onfh udk;uG,&f mtppf jzpf
aMumif;} a[mxm;ygonf/
þodkY t&d,opöm\ *kPfaus;Zl;rsm;udk okwåyd#uwftESHU
awGUjrifEdkifygonf/
vlom;wdkY udk,Ef IwEf SvHk;ajzmifhrwfí ½dk;om;jzLpifonfh t&d

,mjzpfap&ef a[mMum;cJhonfh t&d,opömw&m;awmfudk ,cktcg
y&rw¬opömjzifh vJvS,fum ½IMunfhapcJhonfhtwGuf t&d,opöm
tjrifaysmufum y&rw¬opömtjrif aygufaeMuygonf/ ]ig-olw
yg;-a,musfm;-rdef;r} txift&Sm; &Sdaeygvsuf ]ig-olwyg;-
a,musmf ;-rde;f r r&S?d ½kyef mrfom &S\
d }-[k txifa&mufapcJyh gonf/

15
cD t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
½IrSwpf OftwGi;f vlaysmufzkdYom ta&;BuD;í vlaysmufatmif
½I r S w f Mu&ygonf / od k Y & mwG i f tpOf t NrJ vl a ysmuf a tmif
r½IrSwfEdkif&um; ½IrSwfcdkufom vlaysmufí r½IEkdifaomtcg ig-
ol-a,musmf ;-rde;f r yk*K¾d vf-owå0gum; &SNd rJ&aSd eMuygonf/ orm"d
Ekao;í tpOfraysmuf [k ,lqum BudK;pm;½IrSwMf u&ojzifh yifyef;
vSygonf/
]ig-ol-a,musmf ;-rde;f r-yk*¾Kd vf-owå0g} [lonf orkwd

opöm trSefw&m;jzpfí ½kyfemrfcE¨m"mwfy&rwfjzifh twif;acszsuf
aomfvnf; ]wx}vu©Pm&Sif orkwo d pömudk tNyD;wdkif racsrIe;f Ekid f
ay/ orkwdaysmufvdkuf y&rw¬a&mufvdkufjzpfum vif;EdkYjzpfvdkuf
<uufjzpfvkduf yHkjyifxJuvdk jzpfaeMuygonf/ jcaoFhpwd &f oSd l? &J&ifhol
vludk o½kyfazmf&mü rEkóoD[ (rEkóD[) zifESpfcGyHkrsm;jzifh o
½kyfazmfouJhodkY tNrD;tarmufrwnfh jzpfaeygonf/
t&d,opömtkwfjrpfwGif tajccsí wnfaqmufxm;onfh

bk&m;w&m;awmfrSeforQudk y&rwåtjrifjzifh o½kyfazmfaomtcg
"r®\oabmrSeu f kd {uefrodaomaMumifh [kwo f avm? r[kwo f avm
[k a0cJGr&onfh oHo,0dpu d pd äm ESvHk;ESpcf G jzpfMu&ygonf/ tjrif
&Si;f atmif rodMu&onfhtwGuf 'd|?d 0dpu d pd äm rjyKwfbJ &SMd uygonf/
avmukwå&mr*¾"r®u oGmu©mw ponfh *kPaf wmfajcmufyg;

16
t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm ck
ESihfjynfhpHkonfh "r®jzpfonf/ þwvHrQaom ouf&Su d kd,af umifüom
½Ijriftyfaom w&m;jzpfonf/
]ypöKyÜEéÚö a,m "r®H ww¬ww¬ 0dyówd}
0dyóem ½IrSwf&mü ypöKyÜef½IuGufomqdkí ypöKyÜef½IrSwfMu
aomfvnf; r½IrSwfaomtcg a&S;twdwfb0tpGJ? aemifb0tpGJrsm;
ay:aygufvmMuonf/
Ak'¨0ifESihf Zmwfawmfrsm;um; oów? £ó&edr®me? ykaAÁ

uwa[wk ponfh rdpämtjrifrsm;csufudk ñTefjyouJhodkY jzpfaeyg
onf/ þtjrifrsm; tbd"r®mw&m;rS pwifcJhonf/ bk&m;oQif
a&rD;tpHk wefckd;jyyHk? ESpv
f Sr;f oHk;z0g;jzifh ewfjynfwufyHk? r,fawmf
a[mif; oEÅKodwewfom;tm; tbd"r®mw&m; a[mMum;yHkrsm;udk
tbd"r®med'gef;? Zmwued'gef;rsm;ü tHhcsD;zG,f&m azmfjyMuonf/
þodkY tbd"r®mudk ta&mifwifí y&rw¬opömudk t&m0if

apcJhygonf/ avmukwå&mt&d,opömudkyif avmuDopömESifh avm
ukwå&mopöm[k ESpyf kdi;f cGJcJhygonf/ 'ku©opömESihf ork',opömudk
avmuDopöm? r*¾opömESifheda&m"opömudk avmukwå&mopöm[k
tbd"r®mü cGJjcm;jyygonf/
t&d,mwdkY\ ÓPftjrifürl avmuD avmukwå&m
ESprf sKd ;rjy? avmukwå&mt&d,opöm wpfrsKd ;wnf;om
jzpfygonf/ tb,faMumifhqkdaomf opömpuf vnf

17
cl t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
aomtcg r*¾yGm;í 'ku©o?d 'ku©oíd ork', y,f?
ork', y,fí eda&m"qdku/f ]yGm;? od? y,f? qdku}f
"r®puf wNydKifeufvnfaomaMumifh jzpfygonf/
ZmwuESihfAk'¨0HowdkYum; ZmwfESihf0w¬Krsm;omjzpfí Zmwf

0w¬KwdkY\"r®wm &oudk;yg; cHpm;Edkifatmif tvuFmenf;wdkYjzifh
tEkynmajrmuf yHkazmfa&;om;cJhMuygonf/ bk&m;oQifwkdY\ ]]wm'd
*kP}f } ay:vGifap&ef tyl? tat; qefYusifbuf a&rD;tpHk wefcdk;
jym#d[mwdkYjzifh o½kyfazmfygonf/
bk&m;oQifwkdYonf t&d,mrsm;jzpfí t&d,£'¨d NyD;jynfhpHkMu
ygonf/ t&d,£'¨[ d o l nf t&d,mwdk\
Y wefck;d tbdÓPfjzpfygonf/
£'¨d0d" ponf avmuDtbdÓPfrsm; r[kwfMuyg/ qefYusifbuf
tm½Hkrsm;udk wom;wnf;xm; ½IyGm;Edkirf I jzpfygonf/ £|? ted|?
vmb? tvmb ponfh tm½Hkrsm;aMumifh wkev f Iyrf Ir&So
d nfh pdw"f mwf
BuHhcdkifrIjzpfygonf/
tbd"r®mw&m;wdko
Y nf ½kyef mrfy&rw¬w&m;rsm; jzpfí ½lyg½ly
psmefw&m;rsm; jzpfMuonf/ psmef&olrsm;onf £'¨0d "d paom avmuD
tbdÓPf todxl;rsm;udkvnf; &&SMd uí wefckd;trsKd ;rsKd ;udk zefqif;
Edkijf cif;? a&SUaemufb0rsm;udk jrifEkdijf cif;? rnfonfhuHukdjyKí rnfokdY
aomb0udk &&SMd uonfukd odjrifEkdijf cif;&So d nf[k ,HkMunfMuonf/
þ,HkMunfcsurf sm;aMumifh £ó&edr®me0g' ykaAÁuw a[wk0g'?

18
t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm ac
a&SUaemufb0tjrifrsm;? oHk;q,fhwpfbHk0g'rsm; ay:ayguf vmMu
onf/
jA[®Zmvokww f iG f ajcmufq,fhESpyf g;aom rdpämt,l

0g'rsm;udk bk&m;oQifa[mxm;onfukd awGUjrif Ekid yf g
onf/ a&S;b0tjrif ykAÁEÅmEk'|d d wpfq,fh&Spyf g;ESihf
aemufb0tjrif ty&EÅmEk'|d d av;q,fhav;yg;? o
ów? Oapä'ponfh rdpämtjrifrSm;rsm; jzpfygonf/
urÇmav;q,fwkdif jyefjrifEkdio f nfh ykaAÁe0d gom
Ekówd tbdÓPfykdi&f Sirf sm;onfyif rdpäm'd|d pm&if;
0ifrsm; jzpfMuonfukd od&&Sd ygonf/ 'd|pd ifvkdolrsm;
onf jA[®Zmvokwu f kd em;vnfoabmaygufatmif
avhvmoifhygonf/ þodkY 'd|t d jrifrSm;rsm; jzpfyGm;
&onfrSm opömav;yg;rodrIaMumifh[k a[mMum;yg
onf/
þodkY Ak'¨bk&m;oQif\ t&d,opömudk arS;rdSeaf ysmufuG,af p

onfh tjcm;t,l0g'rsm; Ak'¨"r®ESihf a&maxG;,Suw
f if jzpfaeonfukd
odjrifaom q&mawmfonf ]t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm "r®a'oem}-
udk wynfhom0uwdkY tusdK;rsm;ap&ef &nfoefjyKpkcJhygonf/

19
cJ t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
þ]t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxmusr;f }-ü Mo0g'ygwdarmufvm
bk&m;pum;awmfrsm;? "r®pMum? tewåvu©P? r[mowdy|me?
y#dpöorkyÜg'f ponfvm bk&m;pum;awmfaygif; ESpf&mausmfrQudk
t&d,opö'óejzifh zGifhqdk&Sif;jycJhygonf/
'ge? oDv? bm0em paom yknBud,mrsm;udk jyK&mü tjrif

jym;í tusKd ;ay;jcm;em;yHkrsm;udk od&&dS ygonf/ orkwo
d pöm? y&rw¬o
pöm tpGe;f a&muftjrifrsm;jzifh jyKygu 'ku©jzpfí t&d,opömtjrifjzifh
jyKrSom 'ku©eda&m"jzpf aMumif; od&Sd&ygonf/
0¥ukodkvf? 0d0¥ukodkvf? omoemyukodkvf ESifh omoem

wGif;ukodkvf? avmuDukodkvf? avmukwå&mukodkvfwdkY jcm;em;Mu
onfrSm 'óetjrif uGJjym;aomaMumifh jzpfygonf/ usr;f *efrsm;ü
tuFk&ESifh £Eúewfom;0w¬K? a0vmrykPÖm;0w¬KwdkYudk pHjyKí
tusKd ;ay;uGmjcm;yHkukd jyqdkygonf/
y#dpöorkyÜg'fw&m;onf 'ku©jzpfyHk? csKyfyHkukd tus,af 0zefjy

aom w&m;jzpfonf/ 'ku©ESihf'ku©ead &m"? a&Smif&ef aqmif&ef? tuk
odkvEf Sihu
f kokdv?f 'kp½dkuEf Siho
f kp½dku?f avmuDESihf avmukwå&m? ao0d
wAÁESifh tao0dwAÁ qefYusifbufw&m;wdkYum; 'ku©jzpfrIESifh 'ku©
Nidrf;rIwdkYomjzpf\/ ypönf;av;yg;ESifhqufqH&mü 'ku©jzpfrnfh pm;?
0wf? aerIudk a&Smifí 'ku©Nidrf;rnfh pm;0wfaerIudk oHk;aqmifoGm;

20
t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm acgY
&ef jzpf\/ vltcsi;f csi;f qufqH&müvnf; rdr-d olwyg; ESpOf D;om;wdkY
tm; 'ku©jzpfaprnfh um,uHqkd;? 0pDuHqkd;? raemuHqkd;rsm;udk
a&Smifí um,uHaumif;? 0pDuHaumif;? raemuHaumif;rsm;udk
aqmifxm;&rnf jzpfygonf/ þw&m;wdku Y m; ESpcf kNydKifí jzpfr&aom
w&m;wdkYom jzpf\/ 'ku©jzpfum eda&m"jzpfí r&ay/
]pwkopö0ed rd kawåm "ar®memr ew¬}d -

]opömav;yg;rS vGwaf om bk&m;w&m;rnfonfr&S}d -[lonfh
a&S;q&mwdkY\ pum;t& opömodíjyKu 'ku©jzpfyHk= 'kau©ÓPHESihf
'ku©csKyfyHk='ku©eda&ma"ÓPH wdkYjzpf\/
'kau©ÓPHESihf 'ku©ead &ma"ÓPHwkdYum; or®m'd|0d Zd ÆmÓPf
wdkYjzpf\/ xdkÓPfjzifhjyKonfhtwGuf t0dZÆm-wPSm-Oyg'gef tmo
a0gw&m;wdkY rNcH&Haom avmukwå&mr*fukodkvf jzpf\/
avmuDukodkvfum; 'ku©jzpfí avmukwå&mr*fukodkvfu
'ku©eda&m"jzpf\ [k t&d,mwdkYu odjrifonfhopömjzpfonf/
omoemawmfü oH*g,emordki;f udk avhvmaomtcg yxr

ESifh'kwd, oH*g,emwdkYudk ]"r®0de,oH*g,em}-[k ac:Mu\/
jrwfpGmbk&m; y&deAd ÁmefpHcgeD;-
]igbk&m;r&So
d nfhaemuf igbk&m; a[mMum;ynwfcJh
onfh "r®0ed ,wdkYu igbk&m;\udk,pf m; oifcspo
f m;
wdkYtm; q&mbk&m;tjzpf qHk;r&pfvrd hrf nf}-

21
ac: t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
[k rdefYrSmcJhygonf/ odkY&mwGif omoemaemufydkif;ü "r®ESifh0de,wdkY
ae&mü ]tbd"r®mESihf tbd0ed ,}-wdkYu ae&m,lvmMuonf/
bk&m;a[m "r®ESih0f ed ,wdkYukd tbd"r®mESihf tbd0ed ,wdkYtjzpf

oAÁw0¬d g'*dkP;f om; ynm&Sirf sm;u aqmif,lvG,af tmif &Gwzf wfvkdY
aumif;atmif jyefvnfa&;om;um avhvmMuonf[k od&&Sd ygonf/
xdkYaMumifh tbd"r®usr;f rsm; jzpfay:vmygonf/ 0de,usr;f tcsKd Uukd
jyefvnf a&;om;Muaomfvnf; tbd0ed ,usr;f [k ay:vGirf I r&Sad y/
tbd"r®mckepfusr;f wdkYukd ygVdbmomjzifhvnf;aumif;? ouú#bmom
jzifhvnf;aumif; usr;f jyKoltrnfemrESihw f uG rSww f rf;rsm;&Sad Mumif;
avhvmod&Sd&ygonf/
xdkYaMumifh Zmwut|uxmESifh tbd"r®t|uxmwdkYvm

tbd"r®med'gef;wdkYum; cdkifrmrI tm;enf;vSojzifh a&S;,cifuyif
jyóem &SdcJhygonf/
tbd"r®m t|uxm q&mBuD;wdkYum; tbd"r®mxdu
rcHEkid v
f eG ;f vSojzifh tbd"r®m a0zefolrsm;udk bk&m;
oQiftm; apmfum;olrsm;? w&m;r&Edkio f lrsm; tjzpf
yk'rf wyfum ½HIUcscJhMuygonf/ twå0g'kyg'gef jyif;
xefvSonf/

22
t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm cH
okwåeyf #d uwfwGif y#dpöorkyÜg'fusKd ;aMumif;qufukdom awGU
jrif&rnfjzpfí y|mef;usKd ;aMumif;qufukdrl awGUjrif&rnf r[kwaf y/
tbd"r®mwGifrl y#dpöorkyÜg'f usdK;aMumif;qufa&m? y|mef;
usKd ;aMumif;qufa&m ESprf sKd ;vHk;awGUEkdiyf gonf/ odkY&mwGif tbd"r®mü
awGU&aom y#dpöorkyÜg'f usdK;aMumif;qufum; okwåefyd#uwf&Sd
y#dpöorkyÜg'fESifh rwlawmhbJ a&SUb0 aemufb0rsm;ESifh qufpyfae
onfh y#dpöorkyÜg'fjzpfaeygonf/
tbd"r®y#dpöorkyÜg'f avhvmu 'ku©opömudk odjrifzdkY&ef

rvG,fay/ r*¾t&d,opömum; oE´d|du-tumvdu vufiif;'d|
od&&dS onfw
h &m; jzpfí? tbd"r®y#dpo
ö rkygÜ 'fw&m;url a&SUb0aemuf
b0rsm;jzifh qufpyfjyxm;ojzifh pdwrf eS ;f jzifo
h m odEkid í
f oE´|d u
d rus
aomaMumifh jzpfygonf/ udavo0#f? ur®0#f? 0dygu0#fwkdY ypöKyÜef
vlYudk,fü vnfíjzpfonfh oHo&mpufudk okwåefvm y#dpöorkyÜg'f
enf;jzifhom od&SdEdkifygonf/
bk&m;oQifonf bk&m;jzpfpü aAm"dyif0ef;usicf kepfXmewdkYü

owåowåm[ pHaeawmfrlaMumif; od&SdMuygonf/ pwkw¬owåm[
wGif &wemC&pHtrd üf tbd"r®mckepfusr;f udk oHk;oyfqifjcifawmfrl&m
a&SUajcmufusr;f udkqifjcif&mü udk,af wmfu a&mifjcnfawmfrsm; uGeYf
jrL;ay:xGurf vmbJ y|mef;a'oemawmfBuD;udk qifjcifoHk;oyf rSom
ay:xGufvmaMumif; tbd"r®m|uxmrsm;u azmfjyygonf/

23
cg; t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
odkY&mwGif 0denf;r[m0gygVdawmfürl tbd"r®mudk qif
jcifoHk;oyf&m &wemC&owåm[ryg&Sb d J ig;owåm
[om yg&Syd gonf/ owåm[pH&m ae&mrsm;onf
vnf; opfyifrsm;omjzpfygonf/aAm"dyif? vif;vGe;f
yif?usn;f yif? qdwaf usmif;anmifyifwkdY jzpfygonf/
qdwaf usmif;anmifyifü ESpBf udrpf Haeíom ig;owåm
[ jzpfaeygonf/ &wemC&? tedro d ? puFr- o
wåm[rsm; ryg&Sad y/
pwkwåowåm[wGif &wemC&pHtrd üf bk&m;&Sio f nf tbd

"r®mckepfusr;f udk qifjcifawmfral Mumif; pum;rsm;udk Zmwu|uxmü
awGU&&dS ygonf/ y|mef;usr;f udk qifjcifawmfrrl o
S m a&mifjcnfawmfrsm;
uGefYjrL;vmaMumif; csD;usL;zGifhqdkojzifh omoemawmfü y|mef;usdK;
aMumif;qufw&m;udkom tm½Hkxm;vmMuygonf/
oHo&m0#f'ku©ESifh oHo&m0#frS uRwfvGwfaponfY t&d,

opömusKd ;aMumif;qufw&m;udk vltrsm;pdw0f ifpm;rIenf;um &Gwyf Gm;
½HkrQom &Sad wmhonf/ þodkY t&d,opömuG,af ysmufí y&rw¬opöm
rsm; wGifus,fvmygonf/
xdkYjyif tbd"r®moabmw&m;usr;f BuD;tjzpf rdvEd ýÚ§musr;f ?

tbd"r®musihfpOfusr;f BuD;tjzpf 0dok'¨rd *fusr;f wdkYjzifh y&rw¬opömcdkif

24
t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm *
atmif usm;uefay;Muonf/ wuúenf; avmh*spfenf;wdkYjzifh ,kwåd
wefatmif awG;ac:BuHqjyMuonf/ ynm&Sifrsm;jzpfí qef;Mu,f
aomtu©&myk'Af sn;f tawG;tac:wdkYjzifh vltrsm; pdw0f ifpm;atmif
wifjyEdkiMf uonf/ odk&Y mwGif bk&m;&Si\
f &nf&,
G cf suaf wmfukd rdatmif
rzrf;EdkifaomaMumifh edAÁmeftxd rydkYaqmifEdkifbJ toHomjrnfí
tqHrygonfhoBuFeftajrmufyrm tmPdokwfvm a'oemt&
od&S&d ygonf/
bk&m;oQifAsm'dw&f yk*K¾d vfrsm;[k rdvEd ýÚ§musr;f wGif

qdkaom uxm0w¬K tbd"r®musr;f a[m q&mt&Sif
arm*¾vyd kwåwód rax&fESihf rdvEd ýÚ§m0w¬Kvm t&Sif
em*aoerax&fwkdY\ taMumif;t&max½kyÜwåw d kdYum;
wpfyHkpHwnf; jzpfonf/ vlYjynfu &[EÅmuka#uk#m
wdkYu jA[®mjynfrSmpHonfh wdó jA[®PBuD;ESihf wm
0wðomrSmpHonfh "r®ewfom;wdkYtm; vlYjynfü omo
emjyK&ef wufa&mufawmif;yefykHum; twlwyl if jzpf
onf/
xdkYaMumifh y&rw¬opöm tbd"r®ma'oemwdkYum; psmeftbd
ÓPf wefckd;£'ö d 'd ¨v
d rf;odkY a&SU½Iygonf/ wefckd;£'ö
d 'd ¨d NyD;ajrmuf
jcif;taMumif;jzpfaom qE´? pdwå? 0D&d,? 0DrHo [lonfh £'¨dyg'f
w&m;wdku Y kd tajcrcHbJ pdwåZqefqef arSmq f &m rsuv f nS qhf &mwdku Y o
hJ kYd
]OHK-zG}-Zmwfvrf;jzifh udpöNyD;ajrmufaMumif;udk ,HkMunfapygonf/

25
*g t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
uk#'EÅokwfü wefcdk;oHk;rsdK;udk avhvmEdkifygonf/
£'ÿd g#d[m&d,?
tma'oemyg#d[m&d,ESihf
tEkomoeDyg#d[m&d,wdkY jzpfonf/
]£'ÿd g#d[m&d,}-um; wefckd;trsKd ;rsKd ;udk zefqif;Edkijf cif;?
]tma'oemyg#d[m&d,}-olwyg;pdwt f BuHukd odEkid jf cif;? ]tEkom
oeDyg#d[m&d,}-onf vl½dkif;rsm;udk vl,Ofjzpfatmif qHk;rjcif;wdkY
jzpfygonf/
xdkoHk;rsKd ;teuf bk&m;t&d,m olawmfaumif;wdkYonf a[m
ajymqHk;rjcif;? tEkomoeDyg#d[m&d,udk toHk;jyKygonf/ a&SUESpf
rsd K ;um; rm,moabm? rsuf v S n f h o abmwd k Y j zpf a omaMumif h
xdkwefckd;rsm;udk toHk;rjyKMuay/
okYd&mwGif bk&m;oQify,fawmfrlonfh xdkwefckd;£'¨rd sm;udk

txl;tqef;udk BudKufESpo
f nfhvlwkdYu csD;rGr;f axmyemjyKMuygonf/
odkYtwGuf £ó&edr®me0g' ponfwdkY omoemwGifae&m,laeMu
ygonf/
wkow d mewfjynfwGif pMu0Vmwdkuw

f pfaomif;rS ewfjA[®m
taygif;wdkYu bk&m;avmif;ewfom;tm; vlYjynfü bk&m;jzpf&ef
awmif;yefMuyHk? tbd"r®mw&m;udk wm0wðomü a[myHk? wm0wðom
ESihf jA[®mjynfrSmpHonf ykxkZOfem*aoetavmif; ewfom;ESihf wdó

26
t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm *d
jA[®mBuD;wdkYtm; &[EÅmt&Sifjrwfrsm;uyif awmif;yef&aMumif;
azmfjyonfrSm t&d,opömodrS &[EÅmjzpfEkdi&f um; t&d,opömwef
zdk;rJhí t&d,opömuG,af ysmufaponfh Zmwfvrf; ZmwfuGurf sm;om
jzpfygonf/
tajcrcdkiaf om y&rwåopömudk þZmwfvrf;ZmwfuGurf sm;

jzifh usm;uefxm;onfukd ½dk;om;aomrsupf t d jrif&So
d lrsm; &Si;f vif;
pGmodjrifEdkifygonf/ aESmif;acwf vli,frsm;tzdkY bk&m;w&m;awmf
rsm;udk ,kwådrwefaom w&m;[k txifao;apEdkifygonf/
bk&m;oQifvufxufu jA[®Pynm&Sirf sm;ESihf bk&m;ocifwkYd

,SONf ydKifaqG;aEG;Mu&mü rnfonfhjAm[®P ynm&Siu f rQ bk&m;ocif
tm; Edkiaf tmifraqG;aEG;Edki?f t½HI;ay;&onfom jzpfygonf/ aomP
'EÅ? aygu©&omwd? 0gao| ponfh jAm[®mPynm&Siw f kYd jzpfygonf/
xdkpOfu ½HI;cJhaom jAm[®P0g'? ocF,0g' ponf
wdkYonf omoemawmfESpf ESp&f mausmaf vmufupí
omoemwGif jyefvnfrif;rlvmMuonf/ t&d,opöm
ta&mifjyum y&rw¬opömudk½kduo f Gi;f Muonf/a&Smif
MuOf&rnfh tpGe;f w&m;wdkYukd usihyf mG ;&rnfh trSew f
&m;tjzpf vSnhpf m;Muonf/ pdwu f l;,Of pw d åZw&m;
pdwpf JaG &m*gOyg'geu©E¨mwdkYukd jzpfymG ;apcJhygonf/

27
*D t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
bk&m;oQifa[mMum;onfh t&d,opömw&m;udkrl vlY
avmuESihf rqdki?f avmukwå&mw&m;[k qdkum vlY
vufvSr;f rrD&m aumif;uifbHkokdY ydkYaqmifvkduMf u
onf/ vlom;wdkYavQmufvSr;f &rnfh t&d,r*¾ vrf;
aMumif;udk vlom;wdkYvufvSr;f rrD&m aumif;uifbHk
&Sd jA[®mwdkYusihyf mG ;&mpsmefvrf;aMumif;ay:odkY ajymif;
jyefavQmufum rsupf v d nfapcJhygonf/vlom;tcsi;f
csi;f aygif;pnf;nDñGwaf e&rnfhtpm; uGJumG apum
awm0emodkY xGucf GgapcJhygonf/ vufaumuf ESpf
uGi;f &Su d m tcsi;f csi;f xdckduu
f m toHjrnfvm ouJh
odkY rjzpfatmif wpfukd,w f nf;aeEdkio
f nfhb0udk csD;
rGr;f cJhygonf/
þuJhokdY tbd"r®my&rw¬psmew&m;wdkY\ tm'De0udk jyae&

onfrSm t&d,opömvrf;aMumif;ü t[efYtwm; tqdkYtydwf jzpfae
aomaMumifhjzpfygonf/ þtqdkYtydwrf sm;udk rz,f&Sm;Ekid u f t&d,
opömudkodí r&aomaMumifhjzpfygonf/ t&d,opömrodu t&d,
rjzpfaomaMumifh jzpfygonf/ t&d,rjzpfu r*fzdkvfedAÁmef r&aom
aMumifjh zpfygonf/ r*fzkv
d ef Ad mÁ ef r&u udavomrm&frif;\ taESmif
tzGJUcH oHo&m0#f'ku©rS rvGwfajrmufEdkifaomaMumifh jzpfygonf/

28
t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm *k
þ]t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm}w&m;udk em,lrSwo f m;&ojzifh
r*fzkv
d ef Ad mÁ ef&&SMd urnfh t&d,mom0utavmif;tvsmwdkt Y m; taESmifh
t,Suf t[eft Y wm;jzpfaprnfh tpGe;f w&m;rsm;udk t&d,a0g[m&w¬
uxm tBudKed'gef;jzifh BudKwifvrf;&Sif;xm;jcif;rQom jzpfygonf/
y&rwåopömESihf t&d,opömwdkY a'G;a&m,Suw f if jzpfaerIukd

q&mawmf\ wynfhom0uwdkY od&Sed m;vnfEkdi&f efESihf t&d,opömudk
odvdkol okawoDwdkYtwGuf tbd"r®ordkif;pOfudk &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;
odjrifEdkif&ef tajccHrSpí wifjy&jcif;jzpfygonf/ pdwfpGJa&m*g
jzpfymG ;&jcif;taMumif;&if; ork',udk odjrifz,f&mS ;Edkiu
f tusKd ;'ku©
pdwfpGJa&m*gwdkY uif;aysmuf&rnfomjzpfygonf/ Oyg'geu©E¨m'ku©
w&m;wdkY csKyfNidrf;&m'ku©eda&m" edAÁmefodkY qdkufa&mufMu&rnfom
jzpfygonf/
þodkjY zifh Ak'b

¨ momwdk\
Y &nfreS ;f csuyf ef;wdkiu
f kd þr*fvrf;
jzifhom trSefwu,fa&muf&SdEdkifaMumif;udk vnf;aumif;? uREfkyfwdkY
]t&d,opöm q&mawmf}-onf þvrf;twdki;f qHk;cef;wdkif avQmuf
vSr;f cJhonfukdvnf;aumif;?
Ä]bk&m;oQifa[mMum;cJhonfh t&d,opömw&m;wdkYukd
udk,w
f kdix
f kd;xGi;f í odjrifcJhonfh aou© taou©
t&d,yk*K¾d vfrsm;uom trSet f kdEkdiMf uonf}
f uef zGihq
udk vnf;aumif; uREfkyfwdkY ,HkMunfonf/

29
*l t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
xdkYaMumifh bk&m;&Siaf [mMum;cJhonfh Mo0g'ygwdarmuf "r®
pMum? tewåvu©Pokwf? r[mowdy|me? y#dpöorkyÜg' ponfh
t&d,opömw&m;awmfrsm;udk "r®mEG,ÓPf&NyD;aom tuREfkyw f kdY\
"r®0[
d m&Dq&mawmfuo hJ kaYd om yk*Kd¾ vfrsm;uom bk&m;&Si\
f tvdkawmf
us trSetf uef zGihfqkdEkdirf nf[k uREfkyw f kdY tav;teuf ,HkMunfyg
aMumif; tBudKed'gef;pum; rSmMum;tyfygonf/
OD;pdk;atmif
"r®mp&d,? bDat
omoema&;OD;pD;Xme? okawoeESiYfusr;f jyKXme(tNidr;f pm;)
omoemY0efaqmiftzGJU? yd#uwfynm½SiftzGJU0if
&ufpGJ? 2004ckESpf 'DZbFmv 9 &uf

ae&m? &efukefNrdKU

30
t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm a*
Ä ck'u
´ edum,? "r®y'? yky0æ *f? yx0duxm?
yokw yÚöowbdu©K0w¬K
]aum £rH 0dapówd? ,ravmuÚö £rH oa'0uH?
aum "r®y'H oka'odwH? ukoavm ykyær0d yapówd}/
]tb,folonf þcE¨m[laom ajrBuD;udk ÓPf
jzifYa0zef odjrifEdkifygrnfenf;¿
tb,folonf tyg,fav;½Gm ewfjA[®mESifYwuG
aom þvlY&Gmudk pdppf odjrifEdkifrnfenf;¿
(em;vnfuRrf;usifaom yef;NcHydkif&Sifonf cl;oifY
rcl;oifYaom yef;wdkYudk pdppf a&G;cs,Ef kdio
f uJYokdY)
tb,folonf aumif;pGm a[mxm;aom aAm"d
yu©d,w&m;tpkudk ÓPfjzifY pdppfqifjcif odjrif
Edkirf nfenf;¿
]aoacg yx0ð 0dapówd? ,ravmuÚö £rH oa'0uH?

aoacg "r®y'H oka'odwH? ukoavm ykyæar0 yapówd}/
aou©yk*K¾d vfonf þcE¨mudk,fwnf;[laom ajr
BuD;udk udk,fydkifÓPfjzifY a0zefpdppfEdkifvwHY/
tyg,fav;&Gm ewfjA[®mESifYwuGaom þvlY&Gm
udk a0zefodjrifEdkifvwHY/
(em;vnfuRrf;usifaom yef;NcHydkif&Sifonf cl;oifY
rcl;oifYaom yef;wdkYudk pdppf a&G;cs,Ef kdio
f uJYokdY)

31
*J t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
aou©yk*K¾d vfonf aumif;pGma[mxm;aom aAm"d
yu©d,w&m;tpkudk ÓPfjzifY pdppf a&G;cs,fEdkif
vwHY/
tcsKyfrSm-
aou©yk*K¾d vfonf-
1/ þcE¨mudk,fudk ydkif;jcm;odEdkifonf/
2/ okH;q,fYwpfbkHukd ydki;f jcm;odEkdio
f nf/
3/ r*fÓPf\tNcHt&H aAm"dyu©, d w&m;tpkukd ydki;f jcm;
odEdkifonf/
þüaou©yk*¾dKvfom azmfjyaomfvnf; taou©yk*¾dKvfum;
qdkzG,fr&Sd/ aou©yk*¾dKvfom tyg,f-vl-ewf owå0gudk ydkif;jcm;
odEdkifonf/
xdkYaMumifY-
]t&d,yk*K¾d vfwkdYom} avmuD'ku©cE¨mESiYaf vmukwå
f nf}-[k
&mcE¨mwdkYukd cGJjcm;odEkdio
oabmaygufygonf/]
OD;pdk;atmif
("r®mp&d,? bDat)
&ufpGJ? 2004ckESpf 'DZbFmv 16 &uf
ae&m? &efukefNrdKU
32
t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm a*gY
t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
rmwdum
trSwfpOf taMumif;t&m pmrsufESm

&SiÓ
f PdE´mvuFm&(awmifil)\ rdwq
f ufpum; ( ud)
t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxmed'gef; (au)
rmwdum (a*gY)
t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
tcef;(1)
q&mawmf\ trSmpum; 4
tcef;(2)
Mo0g'ygwdarmuf t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
1/ ygy t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 12
2/ ukov t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 16
3/ opdwå t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 20
tcef;(3)
"r®puúy0Ü wåea'oem t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
4/ umrokv’dumEka,m* t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 24
5/ twåuv d rxmEka,m* t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 28
6/ rZÑdry#dy'g t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 32
7/ or®m'd|d t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 36
8/ or®mouFyÜ t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 40

33
a*: t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
rmwdum(tquf)
9/ or®m0gpm t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 43
10/ or®mur®EÅ t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 45
11/ or®mtmZD0 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 46
12/ or®m0g,mr t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 50
13/ or®mowd t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 53
14/ or®morm"d t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 54
15/ 'ku©t&d,opö t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 55
16/ 'ku©ork', t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 60
17/ 'ku©ork', t&d,opö t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 61
18/ 'ku©ead &m" t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 62
19/ 'ku©ead &m"t&d,opö t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 64
20/ 'ku©ead &m"*grdeDy#dy'g r*¾t&d,opö t&d, 65
a0g[m&w¬uxm
21/ 'ku©t&d,opöÓP t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 75
22/ 'ku©t&d,opö y&dan,supd öÓP t&d, 78
a0g[m&w¬uxm
23/ 'ku©t&d,opö y&dnmw uwÓP t&d, 79
a0g[m&w¬uxm
24/ 'ku©ork', t&d,opöÓP t&d,a0g[m&w¬ 80
uxm
25/ 'ku©ork', y[mwAÁ udpöÓP t&d, 80
a0g[m&w¬uxm
34
t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm *H
rmwdum(tquf)
26/ 'ku©ork', t&d,opö y[De uwÓP t&d, 81
a0g[m&w¬uxm
27/ 'ku©eda&m"t&d,opöÓP t&d,a0g[m&w¬ 81
uxm
28/ 'ku©ead &m"t&d,opö opäu d mwAÁupd öÓP 82
t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
29/ 'ku©eda&m"t&d,opö opäduw uwÓP 83
t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
30/ 'ku©eda&m"*grdeDy#dy'g t&d,opöÓP t&d, 84
a0g[m&w¬uxm
31/ 'ku©ead &m"*grdeDy#dy'gt&d,opö bma0wAÁ 84
udpöÓP t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
32/ 'ku©ead &m"*grdeDy#dy'g t&d,opö bm0dw 85
uwÓP t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
33/ ,HudÚöd ork',"r®H oAÁH wH eda&m""r® t&d, 85
a0g[m&w¬uxm
34/ vab,sm[H baEÅ b*0awm oEÅdau yAÁZÆ 86
t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
35/ vab,sH OyorÜEé t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 87

35
*g; t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
rmwdum(tquf)
tcef;(4)
tewåvu©Pa'oem t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
36/ ½ly? a0'em? onm? ocFg&? 0dnmP t&d, 90
a0g[m&w¬uxm
37/ tewå t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 92
38/ tedpö t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 95
39/ 'ku©vu©P t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 101
40/ 0dy&dPmr"r® t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 102
41/ {wH rr t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 102
42/ {aom[ ro®d t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 104
43/ {aomar twåm t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 105
44/ ,HudÚöd ½ly t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 107
45/ ,mumpd a0'em? ,mumpd onm? a, aupd 108
ocFg&m? ,HudÚöd 0dnmP t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
46/ ½lyo®drÜd edAÁdE´wd t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 109
47/ a0'em,yd? onm,yd? ocFga&okyd? 0dnmPod®rÜd 109
edAÁdE´wd t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
48/ 0d&m*g 0drkpöwd t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 110

36
t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm C
rmwdum(tquf)
trSwfpOf taMumif;t&m pmrsuEf mS
tcef;(5)
y#dpo
ö rkygÜ 'fa'oem t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
49/ t0dZÆm t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 112
50/ ocFg& t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 116
51/ 0dnmP t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 117
52/ emr½ly t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 121
53/ oVm,we t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 122
54/ zó t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 122
55/ a0'em t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 123
56/ 0dnmP? emr½ly? oVm,we? zó? a0'em 123
t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
57/ wPSm t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 125
58/ Oyg'ge t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 126
59/ b0 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 127
60/ Zmwd t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 128
61/ Z&mr&P t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 129
62/ udavo0¥ t&d,a0g[mw¬uxm 130
63/ ur®0¥ t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 130
64/ 0dygu0¥ t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 131
65/ oHom& t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 131
66/ awblru0¥ t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 131
67/ {uwðoblrd t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 132

37
Cm t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
rmwdum(tquf)
68/ aomu? y&da'0? 'ku©? a'greókyg,mo 132
t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
69/ 'ku©u©E¨ t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 133
tcef;(6)
r[mowdy|mef t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
70/ {um,e t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 136
71/ owåmeH 0dok'¨d t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 136
72/ aomuy&da'0geH orwduúr t&d,a0g[m&w¬ 137
uxm
73/ 'ku©a'greómeH tw¬*Fr t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 137
74/ Ó,ó t"d*rm, t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 138
75/ edAÁmeó opädud&d,m, t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 138
76/ uma, t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 139
77/ a0'emok t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 140
78/ pdawå t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 140
79/ "ar®ok t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 141
80/ um,mEkyóD t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 141
81/ a0'emEkyóD t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 143
82/ pdwåmEkyóD t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 144
83/ "r®mEkyóD t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 144
84/ O',AÁ, t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 144

38
t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm Cd
rmwdum(tquf)
85/ 'da|'d|rwå t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 145
86/ oDv t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 147
87/ pdwåbm0em t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 150
88/ ynmbm0em t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 153
tcef;(7)
eruúm& t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
89/ eruúm& yk&dr'do t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 156
90/ rmwmydwk eruúm& t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 156
91/ eruúm& 'u©dPm'do t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 157
92/ tmp&d,eruúm& t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 157
93/ eruúm& ypädr'do t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 157
94/ b&d,eruúm& t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 158
95/ eruúm& Owå&'do t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 158
96/ rdwåmrpö erómum& t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 159
97/ eruúm& a[|dr'do t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 159
98/ 'gour®um& eruúm& t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 160
99/ eruúm& Oy&dr'do t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 160
100/ orPjA[®P erómum& t&d,a0g[m&w¬ 161
uxm
101/ eróm&[*kP t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 161
102/ 0wåmum& t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 162

39
CD t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
rmwdum(tquf)
tcef;(8)
bm0em t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
103/ 'ge t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 165
104/ oDv t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 166
105/ bm0em t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 167
106/ jA[® t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 168
107/ a'0 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 168
108/ rEkó t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 169
109/ ed&, t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 170
110/ ayw t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 171
111/ wd&päme t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 173
112/ tol&um, t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 175
113/ orP t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 175
114/ OyorÜEé t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 178
115/ Oygou t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 181
116/ t&d, t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 182
117/ aomwmyEé t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 184
118/ ou'g*grdu t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 188
119/ tem*grD t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 190
120/ t&[wå t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 193
121/ avmu t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 200
122/ avmukwå& t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 201

40
t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm Ck
rmwdum(tquf)
123/ tedrdwå t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 203
124/ oknw t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 204
125/ tyÜPd[dw t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 207
126/ tBud,0g' ed,wrdpäm'd|d t&d,a0g[m&w¬ 210
uxm
127/ ta[wku0g'ed,wrdpäm'd|d t&d,a0g[m&w¬ 214
uxm
128/ ew¬du0g' ed,wrdpäm'd|d t&d,a0g[m&w¬ 220
uxm
tcef;(9)
tukov t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
129/ tmo0 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 228
130/ MoC t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 230
131/ a,m* t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 231
132/ Oyg'ge t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 232
133/ eD0&P t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 234
134/ tEko, t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 235
135/ oHa,mZe t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 235
136/ udavo t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 237
137/ ukr®*¾ t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 238

41
Cl t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
rmwdum(tquf)
tcef;(10)
aAm"dyu©,d t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
138/ psme t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 240
139/ owdy|me t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 240
140/ or®yÜ"me t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 241
141/ £'¨dyg' t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 242
142/ t"dywd t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 243
143/ £NE´,
d t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 243
144/ Av t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 244
145/ aAm"dESifYaAmZÑ*F t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 244
146/ r*¾ESifYr*¾*F t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 245
147/ cE¨ t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 246
148/ tm,we t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 250
149/ "mwk t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 251
tcef;(11)
apwodu t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
150/ avmb t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 254
151/ a'go t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 257
152/ arm[ t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 259
153/ 'd|d t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 259
154/ rme t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 260
42
t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm aC
rmwdum(tquf)
155/ 0dpu
d pd äm t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 262
156/ O'¨pö t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 263
157/ ukuúKpö t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 264
158/ £óm t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 264
159/ rpä&,d t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 265
160/ xde t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 265
161/ rd'¨ t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 265
162/ t[d&du t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 266
163/ taemwåyÜ t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 266
164/ o'¨g t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 266
165/ owd t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 267
166/ [d&d t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 268
167/ MowåyÜ t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 268
168/ tavmb t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 268
169/ ta'go t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 269
170/ tarm[ t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 270
171/ u½kPm t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 271
172/ rk'dwm t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 272
173/ Oayu©m t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 272
174/ yx0Dtm'd t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 273
175/ pu©K"mwsm'd t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 274
176/ ½ly"mwsm'd t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 275
43
CJ t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
rmwdum(tquf)
177/ pu©K0dnmPm'd t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 275
tcef;(12)
r*Fva'oem t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
178/ Amv t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 278
179/ y@dw t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 278
180/ ylZae,s t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 279
181/ y#d½lya'om0go t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 279
182/ ykaAÁpuwyknwm t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 280
183/ twåor®myPD"d t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 281
184/ Am[kopö okodu©dw t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 281
185/ odyÜ okodu©dw t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 282
186/ 0de, okodu©dw t&d, 283
187/ okbmodwm p ,m0gpm t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 283
188/ rmwmydwk Oy|me t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 284
189/ ykwå'g&o o*F[ t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 288
190/ temukvmp ur®EÅ t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 289
191/ 'ge t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 290
192/ "r®p&d,m t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 291
193/ ÓwumeÚö o*F[ t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 292
194/ te0ZÆmedur®ed t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 293
195/ tm&wD 0d&wD ygyg t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 293
44
t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm aCmY
rmwdum(tquf)
196/ rZÆygem p oH,r t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 294
197/ tyÜrma'g p "ar®ok t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 295
198/ *g&0 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 296
199/ ed0gw t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 297
200/ oEÅK|D t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 298
201/ uwnkw t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 299
202/ umave "r®o0e t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 300
203/ cEÅD t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 300
204/ aom0pówm t&d,a0g[m&w¬ux 301
205/ orPmeÚö 'óe t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 302
206/ umave "r®omupäm t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 302
207/ wayg t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 303
208/ jA[®p&d, t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 303
209/ t&d,opöme 'óe t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 304
210/ edAÁme opädud&d, t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 304
211/ zk|ó avmu"ar®[d pdwåH,ó eurÜwd t&d, 305
a0g[m&w¬uxm
212/ zk|ó avmu"ar®[d pdwåH,ó taomu 306
t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
213/ zk|ó avmu"ar®[d pdwåH,ó 0d&ZH t&d, 306
a0g[m&w¬uxm

45
aCmf t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
rmwdum(tquf)
214/ zk|ó avmu"ar®[d pdwåH,ó acr t&d, 307
a0g[m&w¬uxm
tcef;(13)
arwåa'oem t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
215/ ouú t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 309
216/ OZk t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 309
217/ ok[kZk t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 310
218/ ok0p t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 310
219/ rk'k t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 310
220/ tewdrmeD t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 311
221/ oEÅKóu t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 311
222/ okb& t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 311
223/ tyÜudpö t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 312
224/ ov’[ku0kwåd t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 312
225/ oEÅdÈ´d, t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 313
226/ edyu t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 313
227/ tyÜ*AÇ t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 314
228/ ukavoGeEk*d'¨ t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 314
229/ epck'´rmpa& udÚöd a,e0dnlya& Oy0a',sKH 314
t&d, a0g[m&w¬uxm

46
t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm Cd
rmwdum(tqkH;)
tcef;(14)
"r®*kP&f nf t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
230/ oGu©mw t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 317
231/ oE´d|du t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 317
232/ tumvdu t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 318
233/ {[dyódu t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 319
234/ Moyae,sdu t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 319
235/ ypöwåHa0'dwAÁ t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 320
tcef;(15)
t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm ed*k;H
ed*kH; 322
t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm tu©&m0vd 323

47
t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
okwåeyd gw
r[mAsL[okwå yEé&or*gxm
( ygVd )
yóH ea&m 'u©wd emr ½lyH?
'doGme 0g nxmwd wmed ar0/
umrH A[kH yówk tyÜuH 0g?
e [d awe ok'¨ð ukovm 0'EÅd/
( jrefrm )
½kyf-emrf ½IyGm; w&m;uk½d Sm?
½kyf-emrf jzpfysuf jrifvsuof rd Sm/
b,favmuf½IrSwf y&rwfopöm?
yGm;aomfjim; w&m;r&yg/

48
t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 1
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
"r®0d[m&D ½SifÓP
SSSS
1365ckESpf 0gacgifvjynfhausmf 10&uf
S 2003ckESpf Mo*kwfv 22&uf
S S
S S
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSS S

2 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm

t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 3

4 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
tcef;(1)
q&mawmf\ trSmpum;
t &d,a0g[m&w¬uxmawGukd ajymzdkY rMumrMum pdwjf zpfw,f/

wjcm; taMumif;t&mawGu a½SUyw d q
f kdY0ifa&mufaewmeJY olY
udk rajymjzpfcJYbl;/
t&d,a0g[m&w¬ r[kww f mawGukd t&d,a0g[m&w¬tjzpf
,kHMunfpwd cf spGm rSw,
f lNyD;? 'gawGeJY usiYpf Oftjzpf tcdkitf rm wnf
aqmuf nTejf yaewmawG awGU&wJYtcg toJr,m;atmif rwwfEkdib f J
cHpm;&w,f/]jyol? Munfhol ESpOf D;om;eJY vltqufquf 'ku©vrf;u
rxGuaf tmif ½Sad wmYr,f}-vdkYyJ/
onf usief mrIukd rjywfawmY ae&mray;Edkicf JYbl;/ avmu"H

rkewf kdi;f eJY vIid ;f awGMum;rSm jrKyfwpfcg? ay:wpfvSnhfeJY ul;cwfae&
vdkYyJ/ 'guvnf; ]b,folrjyK rdrrd I}-aygY/ ykxkZÚf usm;çjcaoFYawG
aygwJY awmeufBuD;xJrSm t&d,vlom; arG;zGm;awmY onfawmeuf
BuD; vif;atmif ½Si;f wJYwm0efukd t&d,vlom; vIy½f Sm;&if;u jzpfwm
awGyJ? avmu"HawGyJ/
onf usief mrI[m tNrJrjzpfayrJY aysmufysuaf wmY roGm;

bl;/ te&d,a0g[m&w¬awGeJY tm;tifaumif;pGm nTefjycsufawG

t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 5
awGU&wdkdi;f usief mwJYcHpm;csuaf wG x<uwufvmMuNrJ jzpfw,f/

onfusief mrIu tBudrBf udryf q l mvmwmudk ajzodrw Yf t
YJ aeeJY ]t&d,m
wdkY&JU pum;t"dyÜg,f}-awGukd pkHpkHukeu
f kef r[kwv
f nf; ]ajymawmY
ajymrS}-vdkY qkH;jzwfr&d w,f/ tJ'gvnf; ]emrnfukd b,fvkd ac:ap&
rvJ}- pNyD; pOf;pm;w,f/
]t&d,mwdkY&JU pum;t"dyÜg,f}-awG[m ]t&d,a0g[m&w¬}

-awGy/J 'gawGtaMumif; ajymcsuqf kad wmY ]t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm}-
vdkY ac:ap&rSmaygY/ onfemrnf[m ]t&d,a0g[m& tw¬uxm}
-vdkY t"dyÜg,fa&mufoGm;rvm;/ jzpfvnf; rwwfEkdib f l;/
t&d,mwdk&Y UJ ajympum; t"dygÜ ,fawGukad jymjyvdkY tusKd ;rS ½Syd gY

rvm;vnf; wu,fajymzdkYvkyfawmY awG;rdw,f/ t&d,mrsufpd
r½So
d lukd t&d,mpum;&JUt"dyÜg,fukd ajymawmY 0rf;wGi;f rsurf jrifukd
ta&miftaMumif;oifovdk jzpfaervm;aygY/
jrwfpGmbk&m;u ]tma&m*s y&rm vmbm}-pwJY*gxm ½Gwf

awmY jrwfpGmbk&m;udk rvdkvm;wJY (rm*@D)jAm[®PBuD;u ]'g-
a½S;uMum;zl;NyD;om;}-ajymw,f/ bk&m;u ]jAm[®PBuD; teufrod
bl;}-ajymvdkY jAm[®PBuD;u teufzGiYfay;zdkY ajymwmudk bk&m;u
vSvSyy jiif;cJYw,f/

6 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
vlaemufawGcsKyfay;wJY t0wfpkwfudk t0wfvStrSwfeJY 0wf

aewJY rsurf jrifukd ]rif;0wfaewm vufESD;pkw}f -vdkY ajymvsif pdwq f kd;
rSmrsKd ; jzpfrSmudk rjzpf&atmif rsupf jd rifatmif ukzkdYvkdw,f-vdkYyJ/
]bk&m;u t&d,mrjzpfolukd t&d,mpum;euf zGiYrf ay;bl;}-vdkY t"d
yÜg,f &w,f/
t&d,mpum;eufjzpfwYJ t&d,ma0g[m&t"dygÜ ,f ajymjywmeJY

t&d,mjzpfatmif vkyaf y;wmeJY wjcm;pDvm;vdkv
Y nf; awG;rd&ygw,f/
]a0g[m&}-qdkwm ]trSwt f om;? oauFw}-awGyJ/ t&d,mrsupf d
raygufoltwGuf oauFw[m t&d,mtjrifukd jzpfaprSm r[kwb f l;/
t&d,mjzpfryS J t&d,mrsupf ad ygufrI jzpfwYJ t&d,mOD;aESmuf

½So
d ljzpfNyD; t&d,mtodtjrif jzpfvrd Yfr,f/ onfvkdqkdawmY t&d,m
a0g[m&t"dyÜg,fjzpfwJY t&d,mpum;euf ajymqdkcsu[ f m vdkrSvkd&JU
vm;-rawG;rdatmif rwwfEkdif jzpf&wmyJ/
aemufwpfrsKd ;vnf; awG;&w,f/ ]t&d,mOD;aESmufykdiq f kdiw

f JY
t&d,mtjzpfa&mufatmif b,fvkv d ky&f rvJ}-vdkYyJ/ t&d,m OD;aESmuf
[m arG;&mygvnf; r[kwb f l;/
]t&d,mjzpfMuolawG[m olwkdYrSm½SMd uwJY t&d,m OD;aESmuf

[m b,fvkd jzpfvmMuwmvJ}/ 'g&JUtajztjzpf t&d,mwdkY tusiYf

t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 7
tBuHjzpfwYJ avmuudk ormatmif jrif-awG;?ajym-vky-f ae? BudK;pm;-

Edk;Mum;-pdwxf m;eJY wkHYjyefwJYtwGuf rormwJY jrif-awG;?ajym-vky-f
ae? BudK;pm;-Edk;Mum;-pdwx f m; wkHYjyefwmawG&JU tjypfrsm;udk jrifNyD;?
rormvdkrIrsm; ypfy,fcg? rormwJY tjrif-tawG;? tajym-tjyK-
tae? BudK;pm;-Edk;Mum;-pdwx f m; wkHYjyefrIrsm;u vGwaf jrmufNidr;f
csr;f w,f-vdkY ajymjycsuu f kd Mum;em&w,f/
NyD;awmY Mum;em&wJY pum;vkH;awG&JU pum;eufukd trSe&f

atmif qifjcifNyD;? onfpum;vkH;awGeJY aygif;zGJUxm;wJY pum;&JU qdkvkd
csurf ad tmif ESvkH;oGi;f awmY-
ormatmif wkHYjyefrIukd jzpfapwJYtcg rormwkHYjyefrI tjypf
awG xif½mS ;vmNyD; rormwkjYH yefrtI ay: tmomjywfcg rormwkjYH yefrI
tjzpfNidrf;w,f-qdkwm xGufvmw,f/
onftjrif"r®aemufvkduNf yD; ]rormvdkwYJ oabmwdki;f yJ Nidr;f

Y abmawG jzpfw,f}-vdkY udk,yf kdit
vdk&Y wJo f awG;ay:atmif vkywf ,f/
tJonf udk,yf kdif tawG;tod jzpfxGe;f vmwm[m t&d,mOD;aESmuf
tpjyK jzpfwnfvmwmyJ/
jrwfpGmbk&m;[m wynfhawGukd t&d,mOD;aESmufykdi½f Siaf wG

jzpfMuzdk?Y jrwfpmG bk&m;&JU t&d,mOD;aESmuf tvkyv
f kyyf ku
H kd ajymjywmyJ/

8 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
emMum;MuwJY wynfah wGu onftwdki;f vkyv

f sif rormcyford ;f tjrpf
rusef Nidr;f w,f-qdkwm ta&muf? aygufatmif qifjcifMuvdkY ayguf
oGm;wm t&d,mOD;aESmuf &MuwmyJ/ yÚö0*fawGukd "r®pMuma[mwm
txift½Sm;yJ/
t&d,mOD;aESmuf ½SNd yD;vsif t&d,mwdkY&JU a0g[m&w¬jzpfwJY

pum;euf t"dygÜ ,fawG[m tvdkvkd ay:vGix f if½mS ; vmrSmyJ/ t&d,m
OD;aESmuf r½Sv
d siaf wmY t&d,ma0g[m&w¬awG azmfay;wm awGU&vnf;
rsurf jrifu wkH;wdkuNf yD; vJusvnf; wkH;udk rjrifovdk rjrifrSmygyJ/
onfvkdqkdawmY ]t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm}-udk ajymvdkY bmrS

tusKd ;r½Sad wmYb;l vm;¿ tusKd ; wpfpkw
H &mr½Sw
d mawmY rjzpfEkid b f ;l /
tenf;qk;H tusKd ;ESpcf suaf vmufawmY xGuv f mr,fvkYd arQmfvifEY kid rf mS yJ/
yXrtusKd ;u te&d,awG[m t&d,mtjzpfukd arQmfuk;d iHv Y ifY
NyD; t&d,mwdkY tqkH;trawGukd emMum;Mu&mrSm yg0ifwJY t&d,m
a0g[m&awG&UJ t"dygÜ ,ftw¬awG trSm;t,Gi;f r½Sd odjrifv, G w
f ,faygY/
'kw,
d tusKd ;u te&d,awG[m ouf½t dS &d,mwdk&Y UJ tqk;H tr
r&vG,w f maMumifY a½S;u t&d,mwdkY&JU a[majymcsurf sm;udk pmay
trSwtf om;rS oifMum;avYvmMu&w,f/ tJonfpmay[m onfaeY
acwfeJY tMumBuD; jcm;cJYNyD/ onfEdkifiHom; a[majymcsufvnf;
r[kwb f J wpfjcm;Edkiif u
H wpfjcm;bmompum;eJY a[majymcsuaf wGy/J

t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 9
'gaMumifY tJonf t&d,mawG&JU a[majymcsuaf wGxJu a0g[m&p

um;awG&UJ teuftw¬ t"dygÜ ,fawG[m todcufwmawG jzpfaeMuNyD/
onfYxuf ydkrkdqkd;½Gm;wJY todcuf taMumif;wpfcsuv f nf;

½Sad o;w,f/ tJ'gu te&d,awGu t&d,a0g[m&w¬ aumufjywm
awGyJ/ te&d,[m t&d,ma0g[m&w¬ukd rod&bl;/ t&d,a0g[m
&w¬oo d l jzpfvsiv
f nf; te&d,r[kwb f l;/ udk,Yfukd,u
f kdvnf; t&d
,mvdkY xifNyD;? udk,o
f ad ewJY t&d,a0g[m&w¬uvnf; te&d,awG
odaewJY t&d,a0g[m&w¬awG jzpfaew,fqkdvsif udk,Yfukd,u f kd
t&d,mxifwm azsmufypf&r,f/ udk,t Yf od[m te&d,mawGeYJ twlyJ
½Sad o;wmodNyD; te&d,awG[m t&d,a0g[m&w¬ukd rod&rSm jzpfvykYd /J
t&d,a0g[m&w¬ukd t&d,mOD;aESmufr½So d l odkYr[kwf t&d

,mrjzpfol odvkYd r&vdkyY /J 'gaMumifY udk,u
Yf k,
d u
f kd t&d,mxifcsiv f sif
udk,o
f wd JY t&d,a0g[m&w¬[m t&d,mr[kww f JY te&d,mawG tod
tvSr;f rrDwm [kw&f JUvm; MunfhzkdYyJ/
t&d,OD;aESmufykid ½f iS [
f m avmuudk jrif&mrSm te&d,mawGeYJ
rwlujJG ym; jcm;em;Muw,f/ t&d,mwd&kY UJ avmutjrifukd te&d,mrsm;
taejzifY olwkdYeJYrwluGJjym; jcm;em;ayrJY? jypfwif½Iwcf s uJY&JUí r&Mu
bl;/

10 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
onfvkdjzpfayrJY t&d,a0g[m&w¬awGukd te&d,mjzpfolawG

u odjyaeMuw,f/ olwkdYjycsuu f kd te&d,awGvnf; odaeMuw,f/
odwJYtwGuf t&d,mvnf; rjzpfMubl;/ t&d,mrjzpfapwJY t&d,
a0g[m&w¬[m wu,fY t&d,a0g[m&w¬eYJ wjcm;BuD;jzpfwm tao
tcsmyJ/ tJ'godNyD;ol[m wu,fY t&d,a0g[m&w¬ odzkeYd YJ ydka0;oGm;
wmaygY/ tJ'g odNyD;oGm;wmaMumifY wu,fY t&d,a0g[m&w¬ odzkdY
ydkrkdcufcJoGm;&w,f/
onfoal wGtwGuf onft&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm[m aus;Zl;

rsm;wef rsm;p&m ½Syd gw,f/ aemufqkH;taeeJY onf-]t&d,a0g[m&
w¬uxm}-[m ]te&d,awG odjywJY t&d,a0g[m&w¬awGukd acszsuf
ay;Edkiw
f ef&m&JU}-vdkY arQmfvifYNyD;? ajymvdku&f wmyJ/
onf&nf½G,cf suf xd½Svsif emMum;olcyford ;f udk onfajym

csuu f t&d,mtjzpfa&mufatmif yHYykd;zdkYyJ jzpfygw,f/ 'g arQmfvifY
NyD;onfpum; ajymvdku&f awmYrSmyJ/
( ÓP )
"r®0[
d m&D(22-8-03)
(1365ckESpf? 0gacgifvjynfhausmf 10&uf)

t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 11

12 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
tcef;(2)
Mo0g'ygwdarmuf t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
1/ ygy t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm ] ygy=raumif;rI}qdkwm ½Sw

udk t&d,mjzpfwYJ jrwfpmG bk&m; ajymqdkcw
d ,f/ onfpum;
YJ ,f/ yXr0gESpq
f ,f
ywfvkH; oHCmudk Mo0g'ay;&mrSm yg0ifwJYpum; jzpfw,f/
]oAÁygyó tu&PH}-vdkYyJ/
]ygy}-qdkwJY t&d,ma0g[m&JU teuft"dyÜg,f[m cdk;qdk;-

vdrvf Snhf pwmawGrQ r[kwMf ubl;/ ]aumif;çraumif; umruHawGeYJ
½lyg½lyuHawGtm;vk;H &JU emrnf}-jzpfw,f/
umr?½lyg½ly ukokdvaf wG ygy-ajymvdkY rtHYMozdkY vdkw,f/

ukokdvqf kdayrJY ]'ku©w&m;}awGyJ/ ]'ku-©} [m yGm;&rnfuh pd ½ö w
dS w
YJ &m;
r[kwb f l;/ ocFe;f pm,lzkdY todcH&rnfhw&m;yJ jzpfw,f/ ]yGm;w,f}-
qdkwm ]jyKvkyw f m}-&JU trnfy/J ]tu&PH}-rvky&f bl; taotcsm
ajymxm;wmyJ/
jrwfpGmbk&m;&JU ]ygytm;vkH; rvky&f bl;}-vdkY Mo0g'rSmygwJY
]ygy}-[m ]umr½lyt½ly aumif;çraumif;uHtm;v;kH }-jzpfw,f/
umr?½lyg½ly ukokv
d u
f aH wGxrJ mS 'ge-oDv-bm0em yknBud

t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 13
,mawG ygwmyJ/ 'gawG rvkyaf umif;awmYb;l vm;¿ ar;zG,½f w dS ,f/

][kww f ,f]-ajym&r,f/ onfuHawG[m todrJYvkyw f JY uHawG jzpf
w,f/ ]uH}-vky&f mrSm todr½Sw
d mawmY r[kwb f l;/ tJonftodu
f mawG r[kwMf uvdkY ]todrJY}-ajym&wmyJ/
odwJYtwdki;f [kww
todrJYvkyw
f JYtvky[
f m t½l;tESr;f tvkyyf JaygY/ onfvkdvkyf
vdkY ½dk;om;ol? vGwaf jrmufol b,fvkdjzpfrvJ/ 'ku©0JZvkyrf Sm jrKyfol
yJjzpfrSmyJ/
]'ge-oDv-bm0em yknBud,mawGyJ? b,fvkd 'ku©0JZvkyf

jrKyf&rSmvJ}-xifp&m½Sw
d ,f/ tJonf yknBud,mawG jyKvkyw f JYtcg
rSm jyKvkywf moufouf r[kwb f l;/ tjrif? tawG;awGeJY jzpfw,f/
tJonf jyKvkyfaMumif; tjrif? tawG;awGu umr? ½lyg½ly tjrif?
tawG;awG jzpfaew,f/
'ge-oDv-bm0em yknBud,mawG[m raumif;wmawG r

[kwaf yrJY t½l;uvkyw f YJ 'ge-oDv-bm0emrsKd ; r½SEd kid b
f ;l vm;/ umr?
½lyg½lytjrif[m t½l;tjrify/J vlv Y w
G af jrmufrI b,fvkrd S ray;Edkiaf yrJY
tJonfvGwaf jrmufrI jzpfEkd;Edk;xifawmY ½l;wmaygY/ 'gaMumifY umr?
½lyg½ly tjrif-tawG;awG[m rdpäm'd|deJY rdpämouFyÜawGyJ/ onf
rdpämawGeJYvkyfwJY 'ge-oDv-bm0em[m 'ku©0JZvkyf jrKyfwmaygY/

14 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
'ge-oDv-bm0em[m aumif;wmqdkawmY tJonf taumif;

uae qufBudK;pm;NyD;? vGwaf jrmuf&r,f r[kwv
f m;-ar;zG,f ½Syd g
w,f/ tJ'g ]rSm;w,f}-ajym&rSmyJ/ 'ge-oDv-bm0em[m aumif;
wm rSew f ,f/onf-aumif;&mu vGwaf jrmuf&mqD ra&mufapbl;/
tJonftaumif;&JU ed*kH;[m ]raumif;}-jzpfw,f/ ]raumif;}-&JU
ed*kH;[m ]taumif;}-jzpfovdkyJ/
touf½Siw f m&JU ed*kH;[m ]aowm}?

cspw
f m&JU ed*kH;u ]trke;f }?
aygif;wm&JU ed*kH;u ]tuGJ}?
onfvdkajymMuwmawG ½Sdw,f r[kwfvm;/ onfvdkyJaygY/
ZmwuawGxJu aAm"dowå&JU 'ge-oDv-bm0em yknBud

,mawG[m umr½lyg½ly ukokv d af wGjzpfr,f r[kwv f m;}-ar;p&myg/
]aAm"dowå}-qdkwm ]t&[wåÓPf& owå0g}-vdkY t"dygÜ ,f ½Sw d ,f/
tJonfolujyKwJY 'ge-oDv-bm0em yknBud,mawG[m umr½lyg
½ly'óejzpfwYJ rdpäm'óeawGejYJ yKwJY yknBud,mawG r[kwb f ?J 'kuu
© kd
ydki;f jcm;odwJY or®m'óevdkYqkdwJY or®m'd|ed JYjyKwJY yknBud,mawGyJ
jzpfMuw,f/
'gawGukd a½S;u bk&m;avmif;&JU yg&rDjznfw

h YJ yknBud,mawG
vdkY odwm rrSeb
f l;/ aAm"dowå[m bk&m;avmif;vnf; r[kwb f l;/

t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 15
ZmwuawG&JU ed*kH;rSm ]a½S;tcgu aAm"dowå[m ,ck igbk&m;jzpf

w,f}-vdkY qdkxm;wm[m tmabmfveG f jzpfw,f/ rodvkYd qdkxm;wmyJ/
'gaMumifY ZmwfxJu ]yg&rDjznfhwJY umr½lyg½ly ukokdvaf wG

jyKMuwm}-vdkY yg&rDjzpf tjzpf umr½lyg½ly ukokdvjf yKMur,fqkdwm
rodEkd;em; tjyKrSm;awG jzpfw,f/
umr½lyg½ly awbkr®u ukokdv"f r®awG[m 'ku©0JZvkyrf Sm

jrKyfzkdYawGyJ jzpfvkdY? vGwaf jrmufrItwGuf yg&rD-vdkYqkd&wJY tajccHyif
r[kww f maMumifY? yg&rDjzpf-qdkNyD; onfukokdvwf &m;awG ryGm;&rSm
em;vnf&ygr,f/
'gaMumifY Zmwupum; em;a,mifNyD;- ]awblru

yknBud,mawG yGm;aeMuw,f/ ZmwuxJu ykn
Bud,mawG[m umrç½lyg½ly yknBud,mawG r[kwf
Mubl;/ 'gtrSeo
f Nd yD; awblru yknBud,mawG[m
ygyyJ/ tJonfvkd todrmS ;NyD; ygyawGukd ryGm;apbdkY
t&d,ma0g[m&ygyw¬-udk today;&ygw,f/
]tm&wD 0d&wD vky&f rnf}h -ygyvnf; awbkru ® yknBud,m
awG yg0ifrSm jzpfw,f/ 'gawG tm&wD0&d wDvkyEf kdirf S r*Fvm jzpfrSm
rdkYyJ/

16 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
2/ ukov t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
o nfpum;udk jrwfpGmbk&m;u rdeYfMum;cJYw,f/ jrwfpGmbk&m;

&[ef;rsm;udk 0denf;wpfpkw H &m ynwfcsurf ay;bJ 0gESpq f ,f
aecJYw,f/
0denf;tpm; ]Mo0g'}-ay;cJw Y ,f/ tJonfxrJ mS ]ukovó
OyorÜ'g}- qdkwpYJ um; ygw,f/ t"dygÜ ,fu-]ukokv d ef YJ jynfph akH tmif
aeMu}-qdkwmrsKd ;aygY/]ukokdv}f -qdkwm jrwfpGmbk&m;uJYokdYaom t&d
,myg;pyfzsm;u rdeMYf um;vdkuNf yD/ onfukokv
d [
f m ]t&d,ma0g[m&
ukodkvf}-yJ/ tJonf ]ukodkvf}-&JUteufu bmvJ/ t"dyÜg,f t&
aumuf&r,f/
]ukokdvef JY jynfhapjcif;}-qdkwm ]ukokdvu

f kd yGm;jcif;}-udk
qdkvkwd myJ/ t&d,momoemjzpfwYJ t&d,mtqk;H trrSm yGm;&rnfu h pd ½ö dS
wJY t&d,opömw&m;u b,ft&d,opömw&m;vJ/ 'ku©ork',?
'kue© ad &m" t&d,opömrsm; r[kwMf ubl;/ r*¾t&d,opömyJ jzpfw,f/
]ukokdvef JY jynfhpkHapjcif;}-vdkYqkdawmY qdkqkH;rolukd rodvsif

]ukokdv}f -udk t&,lwJYtcg umr½lyt½ly? avmukwå&mtm;vkH;
ukokdvaf wG ,lrMd urSmyJ/
qdkqk;H rolut&d,mjzpfwYJ bk&m;oQifuk,
d w
f kid f jzpf
awmY ]ukokdv}f qdkwm t&d,ma0g[m&]ukokdv}f vdkY
od&w,f/ onfawmY t&d,ma0g[m& ukovw¬ -

t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 17
[m umr ½lyg½lyukokdvaf wG ryg0ifawmYbJ ]r*fuk

odkv}f -yJ &awmYrmS jzpfw,f/
tJonfMo0g' emMuwJY&[ef;awGu tJonfvkdyJ em;vnfMu

rSmyJ/ tckacwf &[ef;awGuawmY tJonf Mo0g'ay;ol rajymeJY?
Mo0g'udkyif awGUzl;umrQxuf rausmMf urSmawGyJ/ NyD;awmY udk,Yf
vdkuef mzdkY ay;w,fuvnf; xifrSmrS r[kwMf uwmyJ/
onfawmY bmajymw,f-vdkYvnf; txl; rawG;awmYbl;aygY/

rawG;ayrJYvnf; 'gawmY odygY-vdkYvnf; xifrOd D;rSm r[kwv
f m;/
onfawmY Mo0g'ay;oltxd w½Snw f a0;vnf; rawG;awmYwmaygY/
pum;wpfvkH; teufxifzkdYqkdwm tJonfpum;ajymol odzkdY

ta&;BuD;w,f/ ajymolukd rodvsif ajymolYpum;rSm teuftrSef
rxifEkdiyf gbl;/]ukokdvu
f kd jynfhpkHap&r,f}-ajymol[m ]bk&m;}-
yJ odumrQeJYawmif ajymolukdow d ,f-ajymvdkY rjzpfao;bl;/
]bk&m;}-qdkwm bmawGoNd yD; bmawGvkyaf ew,f odzkdYvkd

w,f/ b,fvkdtqif;? b,fvkdoP²mef½w Sd ,f-qdkwmeJY b,ftcsed u
f ?
b,fae&mrSm? b,foal wGu arG;zGm;jzpfxeG ;f ol jzpfw,f/b,favmuf
bke;f BuD;w,f-avmuf odvkdY rjzpfbl;/

18 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
]bk&m;}-udk today;MuwJYtcg ]bk&m; bmawGow d ,f}-

qdkwm pum;vkH;avmufyJ ajymEdkiMf uNyD; bk&m;-bmawGjzpfatmif
vkyaf ew,fqkdwmvnf; ay:atmif razmfMuawmYbJ bk&m;&JU yg&rD
awG b0tqufquf jznfhqD;wmawGeJY bk&m;&JU bke;f wefckd;BuD;rm;
wmawG jzpfwJY ½lyyrmP? o'ýrmPawGyJ jzpfaew,f/
bk&m;[m t&d,mopömpufukd vnfapwJY ]or®mw&m;}-

udk b,folYtulrSrygbJ udk,w f kdiaf zmfxkwEf kdio
f l jzpfvkdY ]bk&m;}-
jzpfwmyJ/ t&d,opömpufvnfvsif vlawG vGwfajrmufwJYt&d,m
jzpfMur,f/ onfvdkjzpfzdkY vlawGudk t&d,opömawG a[majymwJY
vkyfief;vkyfaeolyJ/ onfawmY-
]bk&m;&JUyifrvkyif ef;[m vlawGukd t&d,mjzpfatmif
vkywf JYvkyif ef;yJ} /
onfawmY bk&m;&JU t&d,ma0g[m&jzpfwJY ]ukokdv}f -qdkwJY

pum;&JU pum;euf[m emMum;&olukd t&d,mtjzpf a&mufapwm
jzpf&rSmyJ/ omrefolawG ajymMuwJY ]ukokdv}f -teufawGeJY wlvkdY&rSm
r[kwf&rSmyJ/ omrefolawGu ]ukodkvf}-qdkwJY pum;udk teuf
aumufygqdkvsif umr'óeeJYjyKwJY ukokdv?f ½lyg½ly'óeeJYjyKwJY
ukokdvaf wGyJ aumufrSmyJ/
t&d,mjzpfwJY bk&m;uawmY tJonf ukokdvaf wGukd t&

t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 19
aumufrSm r[kwb f l;/ bmYaMumifYvJqkdawmY tJonf ukokdvaf wG&JU

taMumif;jzpfwJY tjrif'óeawGu umrqdkvsif orkw?d ½lyg½lyqdk
vsif y&rwfawG jzpfaew,f/ onf'óeawGu tpGe;f a&muf 'óe
awGy/J umrokcv’u d mEka,m* tpGe;f eJY twåuv
d rxmEka,m* tpGe;f
awGaygY/ 'gaMumifY onf'óeawG[m rdpäm'óeawG jzpfaew,f/
rdpäm'óeawG[m r*¾*FvkdajymawmY ]rdpäm'd|rd *¾*F}-yJ/
rdpäm'd|rd *¾*aF MumifY rdpämouFyrÜ *¾*?F rdpäm0gpm-ur®EÅ-tmZD0

r*¾*FawG jzpfwmyJ/ 'gaMumifY onfukodkvfawG[m t&d,mrsufpdxJ
rSm or®mw&m; r[kwb f J? rdpämw&m; jzpfaew,f/ t&d,mjzpfapcsif
vdkY Mo0g'ay;aewJY t&d,mjzpfol bk&m;[m onfrpd äm awbkr®u
ukokdvaf wGeJY jynfhpkHatmifaezdkY ajymygYrvm;/ rdpämr*¾*FjzpfwJY awbkr®
uukokdvaf wG[m yGm;tyfwJY or®mr*¾*F r[kw½f kHrQru y&dan,s'ku©
xdkuw f JYw&m; jzpfaewm awGU&rSmyJ/
onf-'ku©xkduw f JY awblruukokdvaf wG jynfhpkHatmif aeMu

vsif 'ku©a&mufrSmyJ/ 'ku©a&mufvsif 'ku©ukd ydki;f jcm;rodbl;/
'gaMumifY awblruukokdvaf wGukd t&d,a0g[m&
]ukokv
d }f t& aumuf,v l kYd r&bJ ]r*fukokdv}f -yJ
]t&d,a0g[m& ukovw¬} t&aumuf&rSm jzpfw,f/

20 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
3/ opdwå t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,mjzpfwJY jrwfpmG bk&m;&JU Mo0g'awmfxrJ mS ]opdwåy&da,m

'yeH= rdrdpdwfudk jzLpifapjcif;}-vdkY rdefYMum;ygw,f/
]opdwå}-qdkwm ]ou+pdwå}-vdkY ESpfyk'faygif; jzpfrSmyJ/
onfrmS ajym&rSmu t&d,ma0g[m& ]ou pdwåw}¬ -yJ/]jzLpifatmif
xm;&rnfh rdrpd w
d }f -t&[m ]Bud,mpdw}f -yJ/
Bud,mpdw-f [m tjyKpdw&f JUemrnf jzpfw,f/ tjyKpdwrf Sm

ESprf sKd ;½Sw
d ,f/ ]todrJY tjyKpdwef JY todeJYtjyKpdw}f -jzpfw,f/ todrJY
tjyKpdwu f ]uHpwd }f -awGyJ/ todeJYtjyKpdwo f m ]Bud,mpdw}f yJ/
todrJYtjyKpdw-f vdkY ½S&d ao;vm; ar;csizf kdY ½Swd ,f/ tpGJeJY jyKrlwmawG
[m todrrSeyf J jyKrlwmawGjz[fvkdY todrJYtjyKtrlawGyJ jzpfw,f/
Bud,mpdw[ f m tpGeJ jYJ yKrlwYJ tjyKpdwf r[kwb f ;l / trSet

f uef
udkow d JYtodeJY jyKrlwJY tjyKpdwyf J/ onfpw d [
f m rSew f mudk rSewf JYtodeJY
jyKrl-ajymqdk-aexdkifwJYpdwf jzpfvdkY ]jzLpifwpYJ w d }f ajym&wmyJ/
]jzLpifatmifxm;wJYpw d }f -qdkwmudk te&d,a0g[m&rSmawmY

onfvkdr[kwb f l;/ todrJYpwd ef JY tjyKtrlxJrSm aumif;wmjzpfr,fqkd
vsif tJonfpw d uf kd jzLpifatmifxm;wJYpw d -f vdkY aumufrSmyJ/ te&d,
[m todrJYayrJY aumif;wJYtjyKtrlawGeJY pdwx f m;wm[m aumif;rGef
jzLpifwJYpw
d x
f m;-vdkY ajymMu&w,f/

t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 21
tJonfrSm todrJY&JUemrnf[m ]tjrifrSerf [kww f m}-vdkY &

w,f/]rdpäm'd|}d -aygY/rdpäm'd|[
d m Oyg'gefw&m;0ifjzpfvkYd ]todrw YJ ,f}
qdkwm ]tpGJ½Sw d ,f}-qdkwmyJaygY/ tpGJt0ifcHae&ol[m ]t½l;}-
jzpfw,f/ t½l;&JU aumif;wJYpw d u
f kd jzLpifwJYpw
d -f vdkY ajymvdkYr&bl;/
'gaMumifY todrJYeJY aumif;wJYtjyKtrl½Sw d JYpw
d uf kd t&d,a0g[m&rSm
rnf;npfwpYJ w
d yf /J 'gaMumifY ]t&d,a0g[m& opdwåw[ ¬ m Bud,mpdw}f -
jzpfw,f/
Bud,mpdw[ f m &[EÅmjzpfrSxm;vdkY&w,f-vdkY odaeMuw,f/

tem*grdu-[m umrawGvGeNf yD-vdkY odMuw,f/ ]umrvGew f ,f}-
qdkwm umruHawGukdyJ vGew f m&JUemrnf jzpfw,f/ uHvGeaf wmY
0dygufvnf; vGew f mxJrmS ygw,f/ Bud,muawmY vkyrf mS yJ/ pm;0wfae
a&;? aygif;oif;qufqHa&;awG vky&f mrSm umrtm½kHawGrygbJ jzpf
wmrSwv f kdYyJ/ tJ'gawG vky&f mrSm todrJY rygawmY uH-rajrmuf?
Bud,m-jzpfw,f/
onfawmY &[EÅmrS Bud,mpdwjf zpfw,f-vkyzf kdY r[kwb

f l;/
ykxkZOfa&m? aomwmyef?ou'g*grf?tem*grfawG Bud,mpdwaf wG jzpf
MuwmaygY/aq;q&mawG[m yx0D?tmayg?tmumo?0dnmP-tpp
"mwfawGukd tokH;csaeMuwmyJ/ todrJY vkyaf eMuwmawG r[kwMf u
bl;/ 'gawG[m ½lyt½lyBud,mawGyJ/ t[dwBf ud,mawG[m vlwkdi;f
jzpfaeMuwJY Bud,mawG r[kwb f l;vm;/

22 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
tvkyf½SifeJY tvkyform;? a&mif;oleJY 0,fol? onfolawG&JU

qufqHa&;[m Bud,mrwåawG jzpfaeMuzdkY ½Sw d ,f/ jyKvkyMf u&ayrJY
jyKNyD;awmY NyD;MuwmawGy/J b,fou l vkyaf y;wm? b,fou Yl kd vkyaf y;
wm? b,fu 0,fcJYwm? b,folYa&mif;vku d w
f m-vdkY ta&;w,l ½Sd
raeMuawmYbJ jzpfMuw,faygY/ onfvkd aw;p&m? rSwpf &m? Niduyf
pGe;f xif;wm r½Sv d kdY onftvkyaf wGrSm bmjyóemrSr½Sb d J jzLpifwm
ygyJ/
'gawGaMumifY t&d,a0g[m& opdwåw¬[m Bud,mpdwjf zpf
w,f ajymcJYwmyJ/ onfpw d [
f m ]'da|'d|rwå pdw}f -jzpfw,f/ onf
pdwfudk vnf; &[EÅmrSjzpfwJYpdwf-vdkY odaeMujyefw,f/ jrifp&mudk
jrifp&m&JU yrmPrSeu f kd odzkdYqkdwm &[EÅmu tNrJjzpfaevdkYom ajym
&wmjzpfw,f/ &[EÅmr[kwfolawGvnf; 'gudk rodEdkifwmawmY
b,f[kwfygYrvJ/ tNrJ rodEdkifwmyJ jzpfaumif;jzpfr,f/
'gaMumifY ]opdwåw¬}-t& ]Bud,mpdw}f -awGyJ ,l
r,f/

t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 23

24 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
tcef;(3)
"r®puúy0wåea'oem t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
4/ umrokvu d’ mEka,m* t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,mjzpfwJY jrwfpmG bk&m;u ]rZÑdry#dy'g}-w&m;&zdkY rrSD0J&

rnfh tpGe;f a&mufw&m;ESpyf g;xJu wpfyg;tjzpf ] umrokc
’ mEka,m*}-udk a[majymcJYw,f/
vdu
onfa0g[m&udk t"dygÜ ,faumufjyzdkY vdkrmS yg/ 'graumufEkid f
vsif rrSD0JoifYwm rSD0J? rSD0JoifYwm rrSD0JjzpfNyD;? onfa0g[m&w¬w&m;
qD ra&mufatmif qD;wm;MurSmaMumifYyJ/
]umrokcvdu ’ mEka,m*w¬}-udk umr-vdkq Y k&d wJY tm½kiH g;yg;

awG raumufrb d kdY od&r,f/ umrcsr;f omcHpm;rIukdvnf; raumufrd
&rSmyJ/ umrcsr;f omcHpm;&rIrSm NiduyfpGJvrf;pdwu f kdtxd raumufrd
bJ ½S&d vdrrYf ,f/ 'gawGu rSm;wwfwmawGjzpfvkYd rrSm;atmif ajym&wm
awGyJ/
]umrokcvdu
’ mEka,m*w¬}-t&udk ]umr csr;f om
cHpm;rI tpGt
J avsmufvku d Nf yD; jyKvkyw
f JY umrukokdvf
pGJ? tukokdvjf zpfwJY uHawGajrmufwJYtxd tvkyaf wG
vkyw f m}-udk aumuf&r,f/]umrokcvdu ’ mEka,m*}
[m umruHawG&UJ emrnf jzpfw,f/

t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 25
umrukokdv-f tukokdvu f H wpfckck rvGeu

f sL;orQ ]umrokcvdu ’ m
Eka,m*}-rjzpfMubl;vdkY qdkvkdw,f/ ]umrokcvdu ’ mEka,m*}-udk
rrSD0J&bl;-qdkwm umruHawG rusL;vGef rjyKvky&f bl;-vdkY em;vnf
&r,f/
]umrokcvdu ’ mEka,m*}-qdkwJY a0g[m&[m ]umr}-u
pum;wpfck? ]okc}-u pum;wpfck? ]tv’u d }-u pum;wpfck?
]tEka,m*}-u pum;wpfck? r[kwfMubl;/ onfpum;av;ck
taygif;jzpfwYJ ]umrokcvdu’ mEka,m*}-uom pum;wpfck jzpfw,f/
tJonfpum;&JU t&aumuf[m ]umruHjyKvkyjf cif;}-yJ &r,f/ ]tJ'g
udk rrSD0J&bl;}-qdkwm ]umruH rjyKvky&f bl;}-ajymwmyJ/
'grrSD0JwmjzpfzdkY-qdkNyD; tqif;çtoHçteHYçt&omçtawGU
tm½kHawGukd rMunfhbJ? em;raxmif? teHYrcH? t&omrcH? tawGUxd
rcHbJ aerdwwfMuw,f/ 'gawG[m ]umrokcvdu ’ mEka,m*} rrSD0J
wm r[kwb f ;l / ]umr rrS0D w
J m}-vdo kY m ajym&r,f/ umr rrS0D &J bl;-
qdkvsif vlawGaoMu rsKd ;jyKwfukeMf urSmyJ/ tpm;t0wf tok;H taqmif
awG[m umrawGyJ/ 'gawGudk bk&m;eJYt&d,mawGtxd rSD0JMuwm
txift½Sm;yJ/
aemufwpfcku onftm½kHqDu&wJY csr;f omudk rcHpm;rrSD0J
&bl;vnf; vkycf siMf uw,f/ bk&m;tp½Sw d YJ yk*Kd¾ vfawG rcHpm;bl;vnf;
ajymcsiw f wfMuw,f/ cHpm;csuq f kw
d m tm½keH YJ tm½kcH t H pm awGUraS wmY
cHpm;NyDaygY/ tJonfcHpm;csuu f kd rrSD0J&rSmvnf; r[kwb f l;yJ/

26 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
aemufqkH; tJonftm½kHu&wJYcsr;f om cHpm;NyD;aemuf Niduyf

w,f-qdkwm ½SEd kdiw
f ,f/ pGJwmaygY/ jrifp&m-Mum;p&m tm½kHawGukd
jrif-Mum;NyD; tJonf tm½kHawGtavsmuf cHpm;rIawG cHpm;NyD;aemuf
rSm tJonfcHpm;csuu f kd pGJw,fqkdwJY Oyg'gefawG? udavomawG
jzpfolawGrSm jzpfEdkifw,f/
]umrokcvdu ’ mEka,m*udk rrSD0J&bl;}-qdkwm tJ'g tpGJawG

rjzpfap&wm&JUemrnf r[kwb f ;l / cHpm;wmeJY pGNJ idwmu wpfckwnf;vdk
t&myJ/ cHpm;NyD;pGJNidwm[m pGJNidrSe;f yif tJonf cHpm;oluodwm r
[kwb f l;/ tJonfpGJNidrI rrSD0J&rSmqdkvsif rpGJNidatmif a,m*wpfck
tm;xkw, f &l rnfyh kyH /J tJonfa,m*wpfck[m ]twåuv d rxmEka,m
*} jzpfwmyJ/
twåuv d rxmEka,m*[m umrtm½kHcsr;f omudk rpGJNid

atmifvkyfwJY a,m*yJ/ 'gaMumifY pGJNidwmudk rrSD0J&bl;ajymwm
r[kwb f l;-vdkY ajymcJYwm/ ]pGNJ idwm}-[m ]udavom&JU emrnf}-yJ/
tJonf udavomaMumifYjzpfwJY aumif;çraumif; ]umruH}-awG
vkyfMuwm/ tJonf umruHawGjyKrlrIuawmY xif½Sm;NyDyJ/
tJ'gawGveG u
f sL;vsif ]umrokcv’u d mEka,m*}-udk rS0D cJ sO;f uyfwmyJ/
onfuaH wG rvGeu f sL;vsif ]umrokcv’u d mEka,m*}-udk rrS0D J rcsO;f
uyfwmyJ/

t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 27
]umrokcv’dumEka,m* teao0dw-vkyfw,f}- qdkwm

umrokcv’u d 0gpm 0d&wD? ]umrokcv’u
d ur®EÅ 0d&wD? ]umrokcv’d
utmZD0 0d&wDvkyfwm&JU emrnf jzpfw,f/
]umrokcv’du}-[m rSefuefwJY tjrifeJYtawG;jzpfMuwJY
or®mjzpfwJY tjrif-tawG;awG r[kwfMubl;/ rdpämjzpfwJY tjrifeJYt
awG;awGyJ jzpfMuw,f/ ] umrokcv’ud }-[m ] udavom&JUtrnfy}J
r[kwfvm;/ onfawmY rdpämjrif? rdpämawG;vnf; jzpf&NyDaygY/
umrokcudk Niduyfw,fqkdwJY ]tv’u d }[m b,faMumifY

udavomjzpf&ovJ-ar;rvm;yJ/ tm½kHig;yg;qDu&wJY okc[m olY
yrmPeJYol jzpfayrJY tJonfyrmPtwdki;f ] tm½kHqDrSm tJonfokc½Sd
w,f rSw, l m[m Niduyfwm}-yJ/
f w
onfawmY tJonfNiduyfr[ I m pdwåZaygY/ pdwåZ[m udavom
&JU 'kw,
d emrnfyJ/ trJom;pm;zl;wJY t½l;u EGm;jrifwkdi;f vufn;Id
xdk;w,f-qdkwmrsKd ;jzpfwm[m NiduyfwmyJ/
'gaMumifY pm;0wfaea&; use;f rma&;awGtwGuf okH;aqmif

&wJY ypön;f awGrSm taMumif;rSeq f ifjcifwJY ypöa0u©Pmqdkwm vkyzf kdY
nTewf myJ/ rvkyv f sif a<u;okH;aqmifwmjzpfw,f-ajymw,f/ a<u;
qdkwm udavomusew f myJ/ useaf wmY 'grsKd ; rvdktyfcsiaf e? ok;H aqmif
rI vky&f awmYwmyJ/ 'g-uHjyKwmyJ/ onfuH rvkyw f m ]umrokcv’d
umEka,m*} rrSD0J rcsÚ;f uyfwmyJ/

28 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
5/ twåuv d rxmEka,m* t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t wåuv d rxmEka,m*-t&d,a0g[m&udk t&d,mjzpfwJY jrwf

pGmbk&m;u "r®pMumrSm rrSD0J&rnfh 'kw,
d tpGe;f a&mufw&m;
tjzpf a[mcJYw,f/
onfa0g[m& teufrSerf Sef rxifMubl;/ a&iky-f wkH;cke-f

rD;vIHwkdYvkdavmuf xifcsiMf uw,f/ tJ'gawG rvkyvf sif ]twåuv d
rxmEka,m*tpGe;f a&mufrI rrSD0Jwm}-vdkY rSw,f lMuw,f/
rusiYfBuHMuvsif udavomuvnf; rif;rlwmqdkawmY ud

avom acgif;yg;&macgif;yg;aMumif; usiYfBuHMu&wmudkyJ/ ]udav
omjzpfw,f}-qdkwm tm½kaH wGepYJ yfaewmudk awGUNyD;? udavomacgif;
yg;vdkolu tm½kHawGukd tenf;qkH; xdpyfatmifeJY? tJonftm½kHawGukd
tawG;r0ifatmifaew,f? rvdkufpm;rdatmif aew,faygY/ tJonf
vdkaewm ]usiYfBuH}-wmyJ/
aemufwpfrsKd ;vnf; usiYfBuHwm ½Sad o;w,f/

udavom0ifwm[m tm½kHu ½Sad eaomfvnf; tm½kHukd,lrnfh
ol r½Sv d si?f udavom rjzpfEkdib f l;/ tm½kH,lolukd tm&r®Pu
d
ajym&w,f/ tJonf tm&r®Pu d udk v[mjzpfatmif okH;oyfwm[m
usiYfBuHwm aemufwpfrsKd ;vdkY ajym&w,f/

t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 29
umrudavom rjzpfatmif umrtm½kHawGudk rawG;bJae

w,f/ onfvkdaeEdkizf kdY ½kyt
f m½kHrSm tawG;udk xm;&w,f/ ½kyt f m½kH
rSm tawG;xm;awmY ½lyudavomu ESyd pf ufwm cH&w,f/ ½lyudav
omrjzpfatmif ½kytf m½kHukd rawG;bJaew,f/ onfvkdaeEdkizf kdY ½kyrf JY
tm½kHrSm tawG;udk xm;wmawG usiYfBuHMuwmyJ/
½kyrf JYtm½kHrSm pdwx

f m;awmY ½kyrf JYuad vomawmY jzpfwmyJ/
'gayrJY tJ'gudk olwkdY rodMuawmYbl;/ taMumif;uawmY ½kyrf JYrSm
tawG;xm;awmY bmrSr½Sb d l;-qdkwmtxd odoGm;w,f/ tJonf
bmrSr½Swd mrSm udavomxolvnf; r½S-d jzpfw,f/
tJonfrSm bk&m;a[majymw,f-qdkwJY ]tewå}-qdkwm 'gyJ

jzpfr,fqkdNyD; tJonfrSm oGm;qdkuaf ew,f/ b0jzpfaevsif b0wyf
rufom,m ESpo f ufwmuvnf; jzpfwmqdkawmY tJonforl mS jzpfaewJY
t½lyudavomudk rodawmYwmyJ/
tJonf t½lyb0½Si&f JUtjrifrSm ]b,folrS bmrSr[kwb f l;/
[kww f ,f-xifNyD; vkyaf eMuwmawG[m vkyo f rQ 'ku©awGyJ}-vdkY
jzpfw,f/
umrb0orm;awGu umrukokv d çf tukokv

d u
f aH wG vkywf m
vnf; a&xJrSma&;wJY t½kyvf kdyJ/½lyb0orm;u ½lyukokdvv f kyw
f m
vnf; onfvdkyJ/ vkyfoludk,fwdkifu bmrSr[kwfawmY vkyfwmawG

30 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
[m arm½kHyJjzpfw,f-qdkwJY tBud,0g'/ vkyu f sKd ; bmrSrxifvkdY-

jrifwJY ew¬u
d 0g'/ vkyaf Mumif;bmrSr½S-d vdkY jrifwJY ta[wku0g'
ed,wrdpäm'd|d udavomrsm; rdk;rTeaf tmif x<ucH&awmYw,f/
onfvkdjzpfawmY aumif;çraumif; todrjzpfawmYbl;/ onf

awmY a½Smifp&m aqmifp&mvnf; a½Smifcsiaf qmifcsirf S a½Smifwmaqmif
wm vkyrf ,f/ a½Smifp&maqmifp&m r[kww f mvnf; ta½Smiftaqmif
vkycf sif vkyv
f rd Yfr,f/ 'gawG[m t½lyb0½Siu
f kd yifyef;apzdkYyJaygY/
'gaMumifY t½lyb0orm;udk twåuv d rxorm; ajym&w,f/
½lyb0orm;vnf; jyifytm½kHeJY uif;atmifaeawmY vl[m

tJonftm½HkawGeJY qufqHae&olyJ/ 'gawGeJY uif;atmif 'gawGukd
rawG;rdatmif aeol[m tawG;todcsnYfeJYol twåuv d rxorm;yJ
aygY/
tJonf twåuv d rxmorm; tjzpf[m a½Smif&? rrS0D rJ csÚ;f
uyf&rSm r[kwb f l;/ 'gu a½SmifvkdYr&bl;/ a½SmifzkdYxm;vdkY udk,Yu
f kd,f
udk twåuv d rxorm; jzpfaew,fvdkYyif rodbl;yJ/
onfvkd udk,u Yf k,
d uf kd rodayrJY twåuv
d rxorm;u twå
udvrx jzpfapwJY uHawGudk vkyfcsifaewwfw,f/ tJonfuHvkyf
wmudk ]twåuv d rxmEka,m*}-vdkY ajym&w,f/ ]twåuv d rxmEk
a,m*tpGe;f u a½Smifw,f}-qdkwm ]tJonfuu H a½Smifwm&JU emrnf}
-yJ/

t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 31
tJonfuH[m ]r[*¾KwfuH}-awGyJ/ tm½kHawGqD pdwf

ra&mufatmife?YJ a&mufNyD;wJY tm½kaH wGukd pdwrf ul;rd
atmif aewm[m ]½kyef mrfjzpfysut f m½k}H -eJaY ewmjzpf
vdkY ]½lyuH}- jzpfw,f/ ]½kyef mrfjzpfysuw f kdYNidr;f &m
tm½kH}-eJYaewm[m ]t½lyuH}-jzpfw,f/
onfuHawG[m todrJYatmif jzpfjzpf? t½SdrJYatmif jzpfjzpf?

vkywf mawGyJ/ onfawmY ol[m tvkyrf jzpfawmYwJYol jzpfwmaygY/
'gaMumifY onfuH[m twåuv d rxjzpfapwJYuH jzpfwmyJ/ onfuH
f m[m ]twåurd xmEka,m*udk rrS0D J rcsÚ;f uyf}-wmyJ/
udk rjyKvkyw
]tpGe;f ESp&f yf ruyf&bl;}-qdkwm[m]bko H k;H &yfuaH wGukd ruyf

&bl;}-qdkvkwd myJ/ umrokcv’u d mEka,m*u umruHawG? twåuv d
rxmEka,m*u r[*¾KwfuaH wGaygY/ onfuEH pS &f yf ruyfvsif bm0em
orm;[m b,fukduyfrvJ¿ uyfp&muH&JUtm½kHuvnf; okH;pm;yJ ½Sd
w,f/ umrtm½kjH zpfwYJ orkwt d m½k?H ½kyef mrftm½kjH zpfwYJ y&rwftm½kH
eJY bmrQr½Sd ew¬t d jzpf jzpfwJY ynwftm½kHwkdYyJ jzpfw,f/
'gawGtm½kHjyKNyD; jyKvkyw
f JY uHawGukd rcsÚ;f uyfawmY tJonf
uHawGukyd J tm½kt
H &mxm;NyD;? onfuaH wGukd ok;H oyfwmaygY/ onfvkd
jzpfzkdY twåuvd rxmEka,m*jzpfwJY uHukd ruyfbkdY ajymwmyJ/

32 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
6/ rZÑdry#dy'g t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
" r®pMuma'oemrSm t&d,mjzpfol jrwfpGmbk&m;u ]rZÑdry#d

y'g} a0g[m& rdpäm'd|-d tp½Sw
d JY a0g[m&awG okH;pGJajyma[m
cJYw,f/ OD;qkH; ]rZÑdry#dy'g a0g[m&w¬}-udk azmfjyzdkYvkdr,f/ ]rZÑdr
y#dy'g}udk a[majymwJYtcg pum;cHcJYwm ½Sw d ,f/ tJ'gu ]tpGe;f
a&mufw&m;ESp&f yf ruyfwJYtcg}-qdkwmygyJ/
]rZÑdry#dy'g}-qdkwm ]tv,fvrf;}-vdkY t"dyÜg,f&r,f/

]tv,f}-odzkt Yd wGuf tv,f&UJ tpGe;f rsm; odzkv
Yd kw
d ,f/ jrwfpmG bk&m;
okH;vdkuw
f JY tv,fjzpfzkdY jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mcJYwJY ]tpGe;f ESpcf k}-udk
od&rSmyg/
]umruHvrf;eJY ½lyg½lyuHvrf;}-awG[m ]tpGe;f vrf;}-awGyJ/

]uH}-qdkvkdY um,-0pD-raemuHawGom jzpfwm r[kwb f l;/ onfuH
awGjzpfzdkY twGuf ]rSm;,Gi;f wJY tjrif? rSm;,Gi;f wJt
Y awG;}-awGvnf;
ygr,f/ 'gwifrubl; ]rSm;,Gi;f wJY BudK;pm;rIçEdk;Mum;eJY pdwx f m;rI}-
awGvnf; yg&w,f/ um,-0pD-raemuawmY ] rSm;,Gi;f wJY tajym-
tjyK-tae}-awGyJaygY/
onfumr½lyt½ly r*¾*F½Spcf suf jzpfwmvnf; onfr*¾iaf wG

[m t&d,r*¾iaf wG r[kwMf ubl;/ te&d,r*¾iaf wGyJ jzpfMuw,f/
'gawG[m tpGe;f a&mufr*¾iaf wGaygY/

t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 33
onftpGe;f a&mufawG ruyfwJYr*¾iu f awmY ]t&d,r*¾if}-

yJ jzpfw,f/ t&d,r*¾ief JY te&d,r*¾i[ f m ta&twGucf si;f twl
jzpfw,f/ orm}-jzpfwmeJY ]rdpäm}-jzpfwmyJ uGmjcm;w,f/ rdpämr*¾iu f
udk,Yf vdktifqEúkd vGJvGJrSm;rSm;jznfhwJY rdpämr*¾ief JY? udk,Yv f kdtifqEúkd
ay:rvmatmif udk,Yfukd,u f kdzEd Syd w
f JY rdpämr*¾iv
f kdY ESppf Ge;f uGJaew,f/
onfrdpämESpf&yfudkruyfwJY ]or®mr*¾i}f -udk ]rZÑrd y#dy'g }-

vdkY ajymwmyJ/ onftpGe;f ESp&f yf ruyfykHukd od&r,f/ udk,[ f m
udk,Yf[mudk,af evdkY rjzpfbl;? ywf0ef;usief JY tquftpyf ½S&d r,f/
qufpyfzkdYywf0ef;usit f m½kHawGukd vufcHwJY rsuaf pY-em;-ESm-vQm-
udk,-f qdkwJY tm½kHcHt*FgawGygyJ/ 'gawG[m udk,YftwGuf b,fvkd
tokH;usw,f? rusw,fwGucf suzf kYd ]re}-qdkwJY OD;aESmufvnf; yg
wmyJ/ tJonf ]re}-u wGucf suv f kdY&wJY tajztwdki;f vlu ywf0ef;
usief JY taygif;-tcGg vkyw f ,f/
tJonf tm½kHcHt*FgawGrSmvnf; cRwf,iG ;f wmawG ½SEd kdiw f ,f/

rsupf ?d em;-tm½kHcHt*FgawG[m tao;-tBuD;? twdk;-tus,af wG
jzpfEkdio
f vdk OD;aESmufuawmY ydkqkd;w,f/ oltvkyv f ky&f wJYciG u
f vnf;
teyÜurf; jzpfw,f/ uHrSm;csipf &mawGuvnf; rsm;jym;w,f/ &ef-
rdwf rvkyf&rSmawGudk vkyfvdkvkyf? vkyf&rSmawGusawmY rvkyfbJ
aevdkae? tvGJvGJawG jzpfwmaygY/

34 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
onfvkdjzpfawmY ywf0ef;usief JY qufo,G &f wmudk vlu rvdk

vm;wmawG jzpfw,f/ onfawmY tjyiftm½kHukdcH,lwJY tm½kHcHt*Fgudk
ydwx f m;Edkiaf tmif vkyw
f ,f/ 'gwGirf u tm½kHcHt*FgeJY tJ'gawGukd
ydkifqdkifoludk zsufqD;wJYvkyfief;awGtxd vkyfw,f/ onfvdkawG ae
awmYvnf; vlYu@[m arS;rSed af ysmufuG,v f maewm cH&w,f/ 'g
vnf; aumif;wm r[kwfwm od&w,f/
]w&m;vm;-rw&m;vm; rodbJ ywf0ef;usif tm

½kHawGukd odr;f ydkuw
f meJY? tJonf odrf;ydkufvdkol
twåukd azsmufzsuw f m[m tpGe;f a&mufrI ESpcf k}-ygyJ/
onfESpfck&JUtv,f jzpf&rSmqdkawmY-
yXrtpGe;f xJu w&m;vm;-rw&m;vm; rodbJ odr;f ydkuv f kd
rIxJu wpf0ufjzpfwJY w&m;vm;çrw&m;vm; rodwmudk pGeYyf pfNyD;?
aemufwpf0ufjzpfwJY ]odrf;ydkufvdkrI}-udk vufcH&r,f/
'kw,
d tpGe;f jzpfwJY odr;f ydkuv
f kdrI twåukd azsmufzsurf IxJu
a½SUwpf0ufjzpfwJY odr;f ydkuv
f kdrIukd vufcHNyD;? aemufwpf0ufjzpfwJY
twåazsmufzsuw f mudk pGeYfypf&rSmyJ/
yXrtpGe;f xJu ]w&m;vm; rw&m;vm; rodwm}eJ?Y
'kw,d tpGe;f xJu ]twåazsmufwm}? onfESpcf kukd
z,f½Sm;NyD;? ESppf eG ;f vkH;rSmygwJY ]odr;f ydkuv
f kdrI}-udk,l
wJYtwGuf ]tv,f}- jzpfwmyJ/

t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 35
tv,fvrf;-&UJ ]odr;f ydkuv f kdrI}-[m yXrtpGe;f vrf;&JU odr;f

ydkuv f kdwmrsKd ;vnf; r[kwb f l;/ 'kw, d tpGe;f vrf;eJY odr;f ydkuvf kdwm
rsKd ;vnf; r[kwb f l;/ w&m;çrw&m; rodrIeJY twårygbJ odr;f ydkuv f kd
wm jzpfvkdYyJ/ odr;f ydkuvf kdwm[m rSm;wmr[kwb f l;/ vl[m ywf0ef;
usief JY qufpyf½Sio f ef&olyJ jzpfw,f/ onfawmY odr;f ydkuv f kd&rSmyJ/
'gayrJY rw&m;odr;f ydkucf siw f meJY twåBuD;NyD; odr;f ydkucf sif

wmuawmY vGev f GeNf yD; qdk;0g;w,f/ 'gaMumifY 'grsKd ;udkom tpGe;f
vrf;-vdkY ajym&wm jzpfw,f/
rw&m;eJYtwåBuD;wm rygwJY odr;f ydkucf siw
f mrsKd ;[m
vdkvm;tyfwm jzpfw,f/ onfvkd odr;f ydkurf IrsKd ; vl
awGvkyMf u&rSm jzpfw,f/
'gaMumifY onfvrf;[m vlawG avQmufvrS ;f Mu&rnfh tv,f

vrf;ajym&wm jzpfw,f/ w&m;rodwYJ tjrifçtawG;vnf; ruyfb;l /
vlYtcef;u@ arS;rSed af zsmufzsuw f mvnf; ruyfbl;/
]ywf0ef;usiu f kd vdkvm;&,lrIukd w&m;½S½d Sd ukd,Yfukd,f
f ,f/ 'gaMumifY 'gudk rZÑdry#dy'g}-
½S½d eSd JY vkyw
ac:wmaygY/

36 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
7/ or®m'd|d t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
o r®m'd|-d qdkwJY t&d,a0g[m&wpfckukd t&d,mjzpfol jrwfpGm

bk&m;u "r®puúy0wåeokwåerf Sm a[mxm;w,f/ onfor®m
'd|q
d kdwJY t&d,ma0g[m&udk teuft"dyÜg,f azmf&rSmyJ/
or®m'd|rd Sm ]or®m}-qdkwJY pum;vkH;eJY ]'d|}d -qdkwJY pum;

ESpv
f kH; aygif;xm;w,f/ ]'d|}d -qdkwm ]tjrif}? ]or®m}-qdkwmusawmY
teufazmfzkdY odyrf vG,b f l;/ taumif;-wdkY? trSe-f wdkY? w&m;-wdkY
teufazmfMuw,f/ tJ'gawGeJY rjynfh0bl;/
bmaMumifYvJqkdawmY ]or®m}-qdkwJY pum; a½S;tcguwnf;

u ½Scd JYwJYpum; jzpfayrJY a½S;tcgu½Scd JYNyD;wJY teufrsKd ; r[kwv
f kdYyJ/
'ku©t&d,opömqdkwm a½S;tcguwnf;u ½Scd JYayrJY b,folrQ tod
eJY razmfxkwEf kdicf JYMubl; r[kwv
f m;/ onf ]or®m}&JUteufu 'ku©
t&d,opöm t[kwfudkt[kwftwdkif; jzpf&rnfhtjrif jzpfw,f/
a½S;u teufr½Sad o;wJY teufukd? a½S;u½SNd yD; teufazmf

csuef JY azmfvkduv f nf; teufrSeaf y:rSm r[kww f mbJ/ 'gaMumifY
]or®m}[m teufazmfzkdYrvG,w f JY pum;yJ/ jrwfpGmbk&m;[m wjcm;
vlawGeJY xl;jcm;wm[m tJonf ]or®mw&m;}-udk udk,w f kdio
f v
d kdY
bk&m;jzpfNyD;?xl;jcm;wmyJ/]or®m}-qdkwpYJ um;vk;H [m tJonfavmuf
av;eufw,f/

t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 37
onfawmY onf]or®m}-udk a½S;uteufawGbuf pdwn f Twf

oGm;wmrsKd ;jzpfNyD;? tvGJvGJtrSm;rSm;awG rjzpf&atmif ½SNd yD;om;teuf
awG ray;awmYbJ ]or®m}-qdkwJYpum;twdki;f xm;vdkuaf wmYr,f/
ArmtoHuav; jzpfoGm;atmif ]or®m}-udk ]orm}-vdkY vkyv f kduf
r,f/ onfawmY or®m'd|d-teufjyefawmY ]ormwJYtjrif}-vdkY
jyefvkdurf ,f/ ]ormwJYtjrif}-qdkwmusrS teufazmfMupdkYvm;/
]ormwJYtjrif}-qdkwm bmvJ¿ 'g-ajz&r,f/

]or®m'd|}d -qdkwm uHeu YJ u
H sKd ;awG&UJ rvSywJY odp&m
awGukd jrifwYJ tjrif&UJ emrnf}-yJ jzpfw,f/
t&d,ma0g[m& ]or®m'd|}d &JU teuft"dygÜ ,f[m onfwpfrsKd ;

wnf;yJ ½Sw
d ,f/ wjcm; teuft"dyÜg,f½Swd JY or®m'd|d ½dSao;w,fqkd
vsif tJonfor®m'd|[d m t&d,ma0g[m& or®m'd|d r[kwb f l;yJ/
onfrSmawmY t&d,ma0g[m& ]or®m'd|}d -&JU teufyJ zGiYrf Sm

jzpfvkdY or®m'd|&d JUteufukd uHeJY uHusKd ;wdkY&JU vu©PmjzpfwJY rvSy
wmawGukdjrifwJY tjrifyJ/ ]tJ'gawGu b,fvkd[mawGvJ}-ar;p&m
½Sw
d ,f/ 'gu ]uHeJYuHusKd ;}-od&vdrYrf ,f/ onfvkd uHeJYuHusKd ; od½kHeJY
awmif vu©Pmu odEkdiaf o;wm r[kwb f l;/uHeJYuHusKd ; bmYaMumifY
jzpfaew,f? b,fvdkjzpfaew,f qdkwmyg od&zdkYvdkao;w,f/

38 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
uHusKd ;-udk uH-ujzpfapwm odayrJY? uH-udk bmu jzpfap

w,f rodvsi?f onfvu©PmawG odzkdYeJY a0;ao;w,f/ ]uH-udkd
uHtusKd ;&JU tusK;d u jzpfapw,f}-qdkwm vlawG rodMubl;/ ]uH}u
uHtusKd ;&JU tusKd ;aMumifYjzpfwJYw&m;-qdkwm odvsif tjrifopfwpfck
jzpfoGm;rSmyJ/
tJ'gu ]uHoHo&m}-aygY/ t"dyÜg,fu ]uHajy;vTm;ykH}-vdkY

jzpfr,f/ uH}-[m b,fvkd ajy;vTm;usiv
f nf usupf m;aeowJYvJ¿
uHtusKd ;&JU tusKd ;aMumifY ]uH}-jzpf?

uH-aMumifY ]uHtusKd ;}-jzpf?
uHtusKd ;aMumifY ]uHtusKd ;&JUtusKd ;}-jzpf aygY/
tJonf ]uHtusKd ;&JUtusKd ;}-udk emrnfwpfrsKd ;eJY ac:
awmY ]udavom}-vdkY ac:&r,f/Armvdkqkdvsif onf
pum;u ]pdwt f npftaMu;}-vdkY &r,f/ ac:&wm
wdkatmif ]pdwåZ}-vdkY ajym&r,f/
tJonf ]pdwåZ}-vdkYac:&wJY pdwt f npftaMu;[m olY[mol

jzpfwm r[kwb f l;/ vlu vkyv f kdYvnf; r&bl;/ ewfu zefvkdYvnf;
rjzpfbl;/ tJ'g[m ]uHaMumifYjzpfwJY tusKd ;xJu aemufqkH;jzpfusef
cJYwJY tusdK;}-yJ/ tJ'guyJ ]uH}-udk jyefjzpfapwmyJ/ pdwåZ[m
]uHtusKd ;}xJu&wJY ]uHrsKd ;apY}-yJ/

t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 39
'gudkjrifawmY tjrifopf &wmaygY/ b,fvdk tjrifopfjzpf

wmvJ qdkawmY? tpu ]oHo&m}-qdkwm odwmeJYrwlwJY tjrifyJ/
b,fvdk rwlwmvJ¿
]udk,[f m oHo&m&JUtpdwt f ydki;f }-vdkY odxm;cJw Y mawG r[kwf
awmYbJ ] oHo&m&JUtpdwt f ydik ;f ok;H ckxrJ mS ud, k rf ygawmYb};l -vdkY jrifoGm;
NyDaygY/ ] oHo&m[m udk,u d af y:rSm jzpfaeayrJY udk,rf [kwaf wmYb;l }-
Yf k,
jzpfoGm;NyD/ udk,rf [kwuf mrQ rubl;? oHo&m[m vlyifr[kwb f l;-
jzpfoGm;NyD/
oHo&m[m vlr[kwv f sib

f mvJ¿-qdkawmY ] vla,mifaqmif}
-vdkY ajym&r,f/ bmjzpfvdkY onfvdkajym&wmvJ? ]oabmw&m;}-
vdkY ajymvsif rjzpfbl;vm;¿
rjzpfbl;/ taMumif;u ]oabmw&m;}-qdkwm obm0awG

u olwkdYukd,f olwkdYaqmifaeMuwm&JU emrnf- jzpfvkdYyJ/ tck[mu
onfvdkr[kwfbl;/ ]obm0jzpfwJYt&mawG pkNyD;jzpfwJY oHo&mu
aqmif&rSm}-jzpfvkdYyJ/
oHo&mqdkwm pufyJ/ puf[m vnfywf ½Sifoefaew,f/

onfpufu vlu Y k,
d çf EIwçf ESvk;H awGukd vIy½f mS ;armif;ESiw
f ,f/ udk,-f
EIw-f ESvkH; ydki½f Sijf zpfwJY vlu tdyaf ysmaf y;&w,f/ onfvkd vlYukd,-f
EIw-f ESvkH;awG tvkyv f kyaf wmY vlvkyw f m-vdkY xifp&m jzpfwmaygY/

40 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
oHo&m-[m pke;f -ewf-wapä yl;wmvdk? ½l;wmvdkyJ/ vlukd

pdwrf ygbJ tvkyv
f kyaf pcsiw
f ,f/ 'gaMumifY ]oHo&m}-udk ]vlYt
a,mifaqmif}-vdkY ajymcJYwmyJ/
]vla,mif}-[m xif½Sm;½Sad ew,f/ tJ'gudk wu,fY

vl-vdkY tjrifrSm;vsif ]ouúm,'d|}d jzpfw,f/
xif½mS ;ayrJY 'gawG[m ]vl}-r[kwb f ;l / 'gawG[m ]xif½mS ;
wJYt&m(owå0g)} awGyJ [kww f ,f/ ewf-jA[®mvm;? i&J-Nydwåm-
wd&pämefvm;? oleY mrnfeo YJ l ½Sw
d ,f/ tJ'g ]vla,mif}-jzpfwYJ ]oHo&m
&JU emrnf}-yJ/
]tJ'gawGrSm ysupf D;-qdk;0g;wJY? tokH;ruswJY tjzpf

awG xifay:aew,f/ vlrS r[kwaf wmY onfvu©
PmawG ay:wmaygY/ 'gawGjrifwm ormjrifwJY
]or®m'd|}d -&JU teuft"dyÜg,f jrifwmyJ/
8/ or®mouFyÜ t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
o r®mouFyÜ}-qdkwJY a0g[m&udk jrwfpGmbk&m;u "r®pMumrSm

yJ t&d,a0g[m&w¬tjzpf a[majymcJYw,f/
]or®m}-teufuawmY ajymcJYNyD;wJY twdki;f yJ/]ouFyÜ}-u
awmY ]tawG;}-vdkY t"dyÜg,fjyef&r,f/ ESpv
f kH;aygif;teufu ]orm
wJYtawG;}-vdkY &vdrfYr,f/

t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 41
]tawG;}udk teufazmf&r,f/ tm½kHrSm ]pdw}f -tp½Sw d mawG

wifay;wJYtjzpfukd ]tawG;}-vdkY ac:&wmyJ/ onfrSm ]ormwJY t
awG;}-&JU t"dyÜg,fuawmY ]tm½kHwkdi;f ay:rSm pdwaf wGwifay;wm}-
vdkY &rSm r[kwaf wmYbl;/ rormwJYtawG;awGvnf; tJonfxJrSm
ygaerSm jzpfvdkYyJ/
]ormwJYtawG;udk jzpfapwJY tm½kHawG tay:rSm pdwf
pwmawG wifay;wm}-udkom ]or®mouFyÜ}- jzpf
vdrYrf ,f/
tJonftm½kHu or®m'd|rd Smwke;f uvdkyJ ]uHeJY uHusKd ;}-wdkY&JU

rvSywJY odp&mtm½kHawGyJ/ onftm½kHawGtay:rSm pdwpf wJY w&m;
awGukd wifay;wm[m ]or®mouFyÜ}&JU tjzpfyJ/onformwJYtawG;
[m ormwJYtjrif jzpfNyD;rS jzpfwJYt&myJ/ ormawG;[m ormjrif&JU
aemufvkduaf ygY/
vlawGtrsm;pkjzpfMuwJY te&d,awGu umrukokdv&f JUtm½kH

awGay:rSm pdwfçapwoduf ,SÚfazmf,SÚfzuf w&m;awGudk wifay;
wm[m or®mouFyÜ= ormwJYtawG; jzpfw,f-vdkY odaewwfMu
w,f/
olwkdY[m cdk;zdkYçqdk;zdkY-pwJY tm½kHtaxGaxGtay:rSm ,SÚzf uf
w&m;awG wifay;wmudkom rdpämouFyÜ rormwJYtawG;-vdkY jrifae
wwfMuw,f/ tJ'g rrSeb f ;l / ½lyg½lyukokvd w
f &m;&JU tm½kaH wGtay:

42 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
rSm pdwfpwmawG wifay;wmawGtxdvnf; rormwJY tawG; rdpäm

ouFyÜ-vdkY t&d,ma0g[m&&JU teufukd azmfjyay;&rSmawG jzpfw,f/
tawG;-qdkwm tm½kHrSm pdwpf wmawG wifay;wJY oabm

jzpfayrJY ormawG;&JUtm½kH[m uHutm½kHjyKwJY uH&JUtm½kHawG rygbl;/
uHawGudk,fwdkif (tm½kHtjyKcH)tm½kHawGyJ jzpfw,f/ a&mufatmif
ajymvsiaf wmY uH&JUvu©Pmtm½kHawGyJ/ uHukdajymawmY uH&JUtusKd ;
0dygufvnf; ygw,faygY/ uHeJY0yd gufwkdY&JU vu©PmqdkawmY uH-
0dygufrsm; jzpfyGm;aerIaMumifY ay:xGuaf ewJY owå0gwdkY qdkwmvnf;
ygNyD-vdkY oday;&r,f/
tJ'gawG&JU vu©PmawG-qdkvkdY tJ'gawGu b,fvkdawG rSwf

om;p&mawG awGUae&vdkYvJ-ar;p&m ½Sw d ,f/ tJ'gawGjzpfwJY tcsed rf Sm
vlYtodu jzpfvdkY r&bl; jzpfaew,f/ vlYtod jzpfaevsifvnf; tJ
onf uH-0dygufwkY&d JU xifaewJYowå0gu jzpfvkdY&wmrS r[kww f myJ/
vlrSm vlYtodr½Sdatmif jzpfapwJY tjzpf[m ysufpD;wJY tjzpfyJaygY/
qdk;0g;wJYtjzpf? tokH;ruswJY tjzpfawGyJaygY/
ewftjzpf? jA[®mtjzpfqkdwJY owå0gawG&JUtjzpf[m b,fvkd

qdk;ovJ? tokH;rusovJ? xifzG,½f w Sd ,f/ ewfqkdwm umrtm½kHawG
udk ESpo
f ufjrwfEkd;wJY owå0gyJ/ jA[®muvnf; ½lyg½lytm½kHawGrSm
om,m,pfrl;aeolawG&JU emrnfawGyJ/

t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 43
onfolawGrSm vlYtod tuG,ftaysmuf cHae&w,f? rESpf

ouf rjrwfEkd;&rSmudk? 'grSr[kwf ESpo
f ufjrwfEkd;vdkY tusKd ;wpkHw&m
r½S&d mudk ESpo
f ufpkHruf aeMuw,f-qdkawmY ½l;oGyrf IwpfrsKd ; tpGJt
uyf cHae&olawGjzpfw,f r[kwfvm;/
'gaMumifY owå0gawG[m tyg,fawGyJ jzpfjzpf? ewfçjA[®m

awG jzpfjzpf? qif;qif;&J&Jt½l;eJY csr;f csr;f omomt½l;? onfavmuf
jcm;em;Muwmom jzpfMuw,f/ csr;f csr;f omomt½l; jzpfvkdY ½l;csi&f
rSmawmY r[kwb f l;/ ysupf D;aewmuawmY ysupf D;aewmyJ jzpfw,f/
]okH;q,fYwpfbkHom;awG&JU vu©PmawGukd tm½kHvkyf
NyD;? tJonftm½kaH wGrmS awG;ac:pdwaf wGukd wifxm;
wJY oabmw&m;[m ]or®mouFyÜ}-vdkY ac:wJY ]orm
wJYtawG;}-yJ/
9/ or®m0gpm t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm ]or®m0gpm}-qdkwm ½Sw d ,f/ onfpum;udk

jrwfpGmbk&m;u "r®pMumrSm r*¾i½f Spyf g;xJu t*Fgwpfyg;
tjzpf a[mcJYwmyJ/
onfpum;&JU teuftw¬ukdvnf; t& r,lwwfMubl;/ te
&d,awG ajymwwfwJY ukodkvfur®yxajrmuf pum;awGudk ]or®m
0gpm}-vdkY t&,lwwfMuw,f/

44 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
tukovur®yx0if pum; r[kwv f sif or®m0gpm- vkyMf u

wmaygY/ ewfjynfa&mufcsiv f kdY ajymwJY ukovur®yx0ifpum;?
tyg,fuvGwcf siv f kYd ajymwJY ukovur®yx0ifpum;? onfpum;awG
[m vdrjf cif;? qJjcif;? uke;f wdkujf cif;? tzsi;f ajymawG rygwJY pum;awG
yJ/ olY[m&atmif? udk,Yf[m,latmif tpp pum;awGvnf; vdr-f
qJ-ukef;-zsif;vGwf pum;awG jzpfcsifjzpfygap? 'gawGuvnf;
or®m0gpmawG r[kwb f l;/
'gawG[m ukodkvfuHajrmuf pum;awG jzpfvsufeJY b,fY

aMumifY t&d,a0g[m&w¬ or®m0gpm rjzpfovJ/ t&d,majymwJY
or®m0gpm[m t&d,mtjrif? t&d,mtawG;eJY ajymwJYpum;udkom
t&d,a0g[m&w¬ or®m0gpm ajymwm jzpfvdkYyJ/ t&d,mtjrif?
t&d,mtawG;-qdkwm or®m'd|ed JY or®mouFyÜwkdY&JU emrnfyJ/
tJonf]t&d,mtjrif-tawG;awGxrJ mS umr½lyg½ly
tm½kt
H jriftawG;awG rygbl;/ uHeu YJ u
H sKd ;wdk&Y UJ vu©
Pm tjriftawG;yJygw,f r[kwv f m;/tJonf tjrif
tawG;eJY jrifawG;NyD;ajymwJY pum;om]or®m0gpm} -
jzpfw,f/
umr tjrif-tawG;? ½lyg½ly tjrif-tawG;eJY ajymwJY ukokv
d f
uHajrmuf pum;awG[m t&d,ma0g[m&w¬ or®m0gpm rjzpfbJ?
rdpäm0gpm-yJ jzpfw,f/

t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 45
ukokv d uf aH jrmufpum;jzpfvsuf b,faMumifY rdpäm0gpm jzpfo

vJ ajymvsi?f umrç½lyg½lyuHajrmufpum; jzpfayrJY tod½½Sd Sd ajymwJY
pum; r[kwb f ?J todraYJ jymwJpY um; jzpfvk-Yd jzpfaMumif; ajym&r,f/
10/ or®mur®EÅ t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
o r®mur®EÅ}-qdkwJY t&d,a0g[m& ½Sw d ,f/ tJonfpum;udk

jrwfpmG bk&m;u "r®pMum r*¾i½f pS yf g;xJu t*Fgwpfyg;tjzpf
a[majymcJYwm jzpfw,f/
or®mur®EÅ&UJ teufukv
d nf; or®m0gpm&JU teufvkyd J taumuf
t,l vGJacsmMf uw,f/
tukovur®yx0if jyKvkyrf rI [kwwf YJ ur®EÅ[m or®mur®EÅ

teufjzpfw,f-vdkY aumuf,loMd uw,f/ tJonf ur®EÅjyK vkyrf IawG
[m umr tjrif-tawG;? ½lyg½ly tjrif-tawG;awGeJY jyKvkyrf Iur®EÅ
awG ½SEd kid w
f ,f/ 'gawGtm;vk;H [m t&d,ma0g[m&rSm or®mur®EÅawG
r[kwfMubl;/ rdpämur®EÅawGyJ jzpfMuw,f/
]umr uH0yd guf? ½lyg½lyuH0yd gufwk&Yd UJ vu©PmawG

udkjrifwYJ tjrifet
YJ awG;jzpfwYJ or®m'd|?d or®mouFyÜ
awGeYJ jrif-awG;NyD; vkywf t
YJ vkyf ur®EÅukod m or®m
ur®EÅ }-vdkY ajym&wm jzpfw,f/

46 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
or®mur®EÅrI jyKvkyo f l tjrif-tawG;rSm yk*Kd¾ vfjrif?

yk*K¾d vfawG; rygbl;/ "mwfjrif-"mwfawG;vnf; ryg
bl;/ uHeu YJ u
H sKd ;wdkrY mS jzpfwYJ vu©Pmjrif-vu©Pm
awG;awGyJ jzpfw,f/
ur®EÅrSm 'gawG b,fvdkjrif-awG;ovJ? ar;p&m½Sdw,f/

jyKpk ulnDapmifYa½SmufwmawGrSm 'gawGazmufjym;vdkY tjypfymG ;Muwm
awG jrifwm-awG;wmawG[m uHeJYuHusKd ;vu©PmawG jrifwm-awG;
wmyJaygY/
yk*¾Kd vftjrif?"mwftjrifeJY 'gawGrazmufjym;wm[m azmuf

jym;vdkY jzpfyGm;wJYtjypftjrif r½Sbd l;/ onfawmY onfvkdrazmufjym;
wmvnf; tjrifrJY razmufjym;wmyJ jzpfvkdY? onfvkd razmufjym;wm
udk rdpämur®EÅ-vdkY ajym&wm jzpfw,f/ t&d,a0g[m& or®mur®EÅ
xJrSm 'gawG rygbl;/
11/ or®mtmZD0 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
o r®mtmZD0-qdkwYJ t&d,a0g[m& ½Sw d ,f/ 'gudk jrwfpmG bk&m;

u "r®pMumr*¾i½f Spyf g;xJrSm wpfyg;tjzpf a[mcJYwm jzpf
w,f/
or®mtmZD0udk teufazmfMuwJYtcg toufarG;tvkyfrSm
or®m0gpmeJYur®EÅjzpfvsif or®mtmZD0yJ-vdkY vkyfMuw,f/

t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 47
or®m0gpmxJrSm toufarG;qdki&f m ajymqdkwmrsKd ; rygovdkyJ

or®mur®EÅtrIxJrSmvnf; toufarG;tvkyf vkyw f mu tusKH;r0if
ovdkyJ toufarG;tvkyf vkyrf IrSmjzpfjzpf? r[kw&f mrSmjzpfjzpf or®m
0gpmjzpfvsif or®m0gpmyJ/ or®mur®EÅjzpfvsif or®mur®EÅ yJ/ touf
arG;rIrmS jzpfwYJ or®m0gpmçor®mur®EÅukad wmY ur®mtmZD0vdkY r*¾iw
f pfck
oD;jcm;vkyrf ,f? tJ'gudk or®m0gpmwdkY or®mur®EÅwkdY rvkyef JYvkdY
b,frSmrS a[majymcsuf r½Sb d l;/
onfvkjd zpfvsuef YJ toufarG;rIykid ;f qdki&f m or®m0gpmrIeYJ or®m

ur®EÅrIukd or®mtmZD0vdkY ajymwm rSm;ajymwmyJ/
'gawGaMumifY or®mtmZD0&JU teufudk ]ormwJYtae}-vdkY
aumuf&r,f/ ajymrI-jyKrI r[kwb f l;? ]aerI}-vdkY jzpfr,f/
wu,fawmY ajymrI-jyKrI[m 0pDrI-um,rIawG jzpfovdk
]aerI}-u ]raemrI}-aygY/ pdw&f JUvGeu f sL;rIjzpfvkdY um,rI?0pDrIawG
jzpfwJY tajymtjyKtrIawGrSm vdkrIçrvdkrIu rxif½Sm;bl;/ b,frSmrS
trItjzpf rxif½Sm;wmvnf; r[kwb f l;/ taerSmawmY pdwrf aem&JU
vdkr-I rvdkr[
I m uGuJ jJG ym;jym; xif½mS ;wmyJ/ 'gaMumifY ]or®mtmZD0[m
ormwJt Y ae&JUtrn f}-jzpfw,f ajymcJYwmyJ/
onfteufaumufukd a½S;tcgu vufcHvkdjcif; r½SMd ubl;/

olwku
Yd or®mtmZD0[m oDvu©Er¨ *¾ijf zpfw,f? oDvxJrmS raemryg
&bl;-vdkY ajymcsiMf uw,f/ um,-0pD-raemawG[m ajymif;vJEkdiw
f JY

48 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
oabmawGyJ/ 'gudk t,dkit f vJ ta½GUtvsm;r½Sd xde;f zdkY rvdkvkdYvm;?

xde;f wm oDvyJ/ xde;f &rSmaygY/
bke;f BuD;awGvkduef m&wJY ygwdarmufoDvrSm pdwv f Geu

f sL;
jypfrSm;vdkY tjypfr½Sb
d l;qdkwmudk ]raem'Gga& temywå}d -qdkwJYpum;
awGUxm;awmY ]oDvrSm raem'Gg& raemuH rygbl;}-rSw, f lawmYwm
yJ/ ygwdarmufoDv[m oHCtzGJUtpnf;qdki&f m &yfwnfcsuo f DvyJ?
rZÑdry#dy'g "r®oDv r[kwb f l;/
oHCtzGJUtpnf; nDnGwfpnf;vkH;rIqdkif&moDv qdkawmY

nDnGwrf Iysuaf pEdkiw
f JY arxkerf I? cdk;rI? owfrI? vdrrf I tppawGukdwm;
wJY &yfwnfcsu[ f m udk,-f EIwv f Geuf sL;rIawGyJ jzpfMuw,f/ pdwef JY
vGeuf sL;rIawG rygbl;/ pdwv f Geu f sL;rIaMumifY oHCnDnGwrf I ysuaf p
wm rjzpfvkdYyJ/ 'gaMumifY oHCoDvrSm pdwv f Geu
f sL;rIaMumifY tjypf
rjzpfbl; ]raem'Gga& temywåd}-vdkY ajym&wmyJ/
pdwEf SvkH; raem'Gg& vGeu

f sL;rI[m oHCnDnw G rf Iukd rysupf D;
apayrJY t&d,mtjzpfukyd suaf pwJY vGeu f sL;rIawmY jzpfw,f/ pdwEf v S k;H
vGeu
f sLK;rI raemuHjzpfvsif ]t&d,}-vdkY qdk&wJY ½dk;om;oltjzpfukd
rysupf D;apbl;vm;/ t&d,opömrSm raem'Gg&vGeu f sL;rI[m t&d,m
tjzpfu ysufapw,f/

t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 49
'gaMumifY oHCygwdargufovD rSm raemuH rygayrJ?Y t&d,

opömoDvrSm raemuHygw,f/ raemqdki&f mvGeu f sL;rI r½Sv
d kdYvm;?
txift½Sm; ½Sdw,f/ tJ'gxJ arQmvdkufaevsif tJ'g&JUtjzpftysuf
b,fvkdjrifrvJ/ tJonf raemvGeuf sL;rIuxGuNf yD; &yfwnfwm[m
raemuHoDvyJaygY/
raemuHukd orm"du©E¨xJ oGi;f csiMf uw,f/ orm"du©E¨r*¾if

awGudkMunfhvsif raemuHvGefusL;rIawGu xGufxdkifwJY oDvoabm
r½Swd m awGU&rSmyJ/ orm"du©EäwG[m oDvawGukd txyfxyfjznfh
wm&JU emrnfawGjzpfwm ay:vGiw f ,f/ vGeu f sL;rItvsÚx
f J arsmaerI
u xGux f kdirf IawG rysuaf tmifeJY rysucf siaf tmif tjyif? ysuv f kdYjzpf
yGm;rnfhtjypf jrifatmifawG r[kwv f m;/ 'gawG[m vGeu f sL;rItvsÚf
u vGwaf jrmufatmif aeEdkizf kdY txyfxyfjznfhcsuaf wGaygY/ 'gaMumifY
orm"duE© r¨ *¾iaf wG[m raemuHveG u f sL;rIa½SmifwYJ ]raemuHr[kwb f ;l }
-vdkY od&r,f/
or®mtmZD0[m raemuHov D &JUemrnf jzpfygw,f/ tvdkBuD;?

trsufBuD;? tjrifrSm;awG[m raemqdkif&m vGefusL;rIawGyJ/
'gawGveG uf sL;vsif rsupf rd suEf SmeJY udk,af e[efxm;awGrSm ray:vGif
bl;vm;/ 'gawGu xGux f kid v
f ku
d v
f siv f nf; taetxm;awG ajymif;vJ
jzpfyGm;MurSmyJaygY/

50 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
'gaMumifY or®mtmZD0[m raemuH&UJ emrnf jzpfw,f/ vlt Y ae

&JU ormrI[m ]or®mtmZD0}-jzpfw,f/ vlYtae[mvnf; umr½lyg
½lytjrifrsm;eJY aewJYtaevnf; ½SEd kdiw
f ,f/ tJ'g qdkvsiv
f nf; tJonf
tae[m rormwJYtaeyJ jzpfw,f/ rdpämtmZD0yJaygY/
umr½lyg½lytjrifeYJ tvdkr?YJ tysurf JY? tjrifrSm;rJYwm

awG ½SEd kdiw
f ,f/ tJ'gawG[m tm½kHawGaMumifY jzpf
wmawGy/J tJonfuaH wGukd tjypfjrifNyD; tvdkr?YJ t
rsurf ?YJ tjrifrmS ;rJw
Y m rsKd ;om onfae&mrSm ]or®m
tmZD0}-qdkvkdw,f/ uHxJu tvdkrJY? trsurf ?YJ tjrif
rSm;rJaY wGuawmY rdpämtmZD0awGyJ rSw&f r,f/
12/ or®m0g,mr t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
o r®m0g,mr}-qdkwYJ t&d,a0g[m&udk t&d,mjzpfol Ak't

jrwfu "r®pMumqdkwJY w&m;OD;xJrSm a[mxm;w,f/ 'g&JU
¨ oQif
teufukd aumufMu&r,f/
]or®m0g,mr}-udk jzpfNyD;wJY raumif;rIukdy,f? rjzpfao;wJY
raumif;rI rjzpfatmifvky?f rjzpfao;wJYaumif;rI jzpfatmifvky?f jzpfNyD;
wJYaumif;rI yGm;atmifvky/f 'g-]or®m0g,mr}-vdkY odMuNyD;om;yJ/
onfrSm aumif;rIeJYraumif;rI teufawGu rsm;r,fr[kwf

vm;/ umrukokdvo
f rm;u tukokdvu f kd raumif;rIajymNyD;? usew
f m

t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 51
aumif;rI/ ½lyukokdvof rm;u umrukokdv-f tukokdvf cyford ;f udk

raumif;rIajymNyD;? usew
f maumif;rI vkyrf mS yJ/ t½lyukokv
d o
f rm;u
umr½lyukokdvaf wGvnf; raumif;rIajymNyD;?usew f m aumif;rIajym
r,f/
]jzpfNyD;wJYraumif;rIy,f}-qdkwm olwdkYy,fxm;wmawG[m
raumif;rIawG ajymzdkY½Swd ,f/ tJ'gawG rjzpfao;vsif rjzpfatmif
aerSmyJ/ olwkdYvkyaf ewmawGu aumif;rIawGjzpfNyD;? tJ'gawG rjzpf
ao;vsif jzpfatmif? jzpfNyD;vsif yGm;atmif vkyrf SmyJ/ 'gawG[m
or®m0g,mrawG rSwrf SmyJ/
'gawG[m a½SUwuf vkyfaqmiftm;xkwfwmawG jzpfvdkY? 0g

,mr-awG vdkYawmY ajym&rSmawGyJ/ olwkdY&JU onf0g,mrrIawG[m
orm&JUvm;-rormbl;vm;¿ qef;ppfzkdY vdkw,f/
umrtjrifeJY onftm;opfvkyaf qmifwJY 0g,mrrIawG[m

rormMuygbl;/ 'gaMumifY rdpäm0g,mryJ jzpfw,f/ ½lyg½lytjrifeJY
tJonf tm;opfvkyfaqmifrIawG[mvnf; rormMuygbl;/ rdpäm0g
,mryJjzpfw,f ajym&r,f/ ormzdkY? tpGe;f a&mufrIawGu vGw&f r,f
r[kwvf m;/

52 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
umr½lyt½ly tukokdvef JY ukokdvaf wG[m tpGe;f a&muftrI

]a,m*}-awGy/J tJ'gawGtwGuf tm;opfvkyaf qmifraI wG ½SEd kid w
f myJ/
tJ'gawG[m 0g,mrawGawmY [kww f ,f? tJonf 0g,mrawG[m
rdpäm0g,mrawGyJ/
'gaMumifY ]umrtjrifeJYvkyw f JY tukokdvu

f H? umrukokdvf
uH? ½lyg½lytjrifeJYvkyw
f JY ½lyg½lyukokdvuf H? onfuHawG[m rSm;wJY
tjrifçtawG;? tajym-tjyK-tae ½SdwmawG jzpfw,f/
'gawG jzpfaevsif y,fzkYd BudK;pm;w,f/ rjzpfaewm
awGU&vsif rjzpfatmif BudK;pm;w,f/ 'gawG rjzpfae
wmawG jzpfatmif jzpfatmif BudK;pm;w,f? onfvdk
jzpfaewmawGUvsif qxufyk;d wdk;wufjzpfatmifBudK;
pm;w,f/ ]onftcsuaf v;csux f Ju usa&mufwJY
BudK;pm;p&mudk BudK;pm;rI[m ]or®m0g,mr- ormwJY
BudK;pm;rI}-jzpfw,f/
onfBudK;pm;rIuvGJwJY wjcm;BudK;pm;rIawG ½SEd kdiw

f ,f/ tJ'g
awG[m rdpäm0g,mrvdkY qdk&wJY or®m-rdpäm ESpjf zmrajym&wJY BudK;pm;
rIyjJ zpfvkYd ormwJBY udK;pm;rI ]or®m0g,mr}awmY r[kwb f ;l rSw&f r,f/

t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 53
13/ or®mowd t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
o r®mowd-udk jrwfpGmbk&m;u "r®pMumr*¾i½f Spyf g; jycsurf Sm

a[mw,f/ onfawmY ]or®mowd}[m t&d,a0g[m&yJ/
tJ'gudk teufzGifY&r,f/
]owd}-udk jrefrmu ]atmufarYr}I -vdkY t"dygÜ ,f jyefMuw,f/

tJ'gudk odyrf 0bl;eJY wlygw,f? owd-udk ]owd}-vdkYvnf; okH;Mu
w,f/ owd&w,f? owdr&bl;-vdkYyJ/ onfpmrSmawmY owdudk
]Ed;k Mum;rI}-vdkY okH;vdkufw,f/ onfjyefcsuf[m t&d,a0g[m&jyef
csuf rjzpfao;vdkY ta&;rBuD;vSbl;? aumif;r,fxifwm a&;vdkuf
wmrQyJ/ vGJcsiv f GJr,f/
]or®mowd}-uom t&d,ma0g[m&jzpfw,f/ 'g&JUteuf

tjzpf aumif;rIaumif;&m qdkwmawGrSm atmufarYEkd;Mum;owdxm;
ae½kHeJY rjzpfbl;/ umr½lyg½lyuHawGrSm ygaewJY owdawG[m ]or®m
owd}-rajym&bJ rdpämowd-vdkYyJ ajym&w,f/
umr½lyg½lyuHawGaMumifjY zpfwYJ udk,u f m,cHpm;csu?f

tawG;-tBu rH eS -f rrSef aqmifxm;csut f rsKd ;rsKd ;? 'g
awGxrJ mS yg0ifaewJY tjrif-tawG;? tajym-tvky-f
taeawGukd rjzpfatmif apmifMY unfh Edk;Mum;owdxm;
aewm[m ]or®mowd}-jzpfw,f/

54 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
atmufarYrIrSeforQudk or®mowd-vdkY rajym&bl;/ ]tpGe;f

a&mufEpS yf g;uvGww f YJ atmufarYro I m or®mowd}-ajym&rSm jzpfw,f/
tpGe;f a&mufru I kd ausausyeG yf eG o
f rd S or®mowdteufziG Yf trSe&f Edkirf ,f/
or®mowd-[m bkHokH;yg;uHeJY0yd gufawGukd rjzpf
atmif &nf½G,fcsufeJY onfuHawGudk owdxm;rI&JUemrnfyJ/
14/ or®morm"d t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]or®morm"d}udk jrwfpGmbk&m;u "r®pMumrSm

a[mxm;w,f/ 'gudk teufzGiYf&r,f/
]orm"d}-&JUteufuawmY ] wpfcck rk mS pdwu f akd umif;aumif;xm;
rI}-vdkY jzpfw,f/ 'gaMumifY ]pdwx f m;}-vdkY jyefvku
d w f ,f/ or®morm"d
&JU teufjzpfzkdYawmY wpfckckqkd&mrSm or®mjzpfavmufwJY wpfckck jzpf&
rSmyJ/ 'grS t&d,a0g[m& or®morm"d&UJ teuftw¬ jzpfr,f/ pdwx f m;
w,f-qdk&mrSm or®mwJt Y m½krH mS pdwxf m;wm? or®mjzpfatmif pdwx f m;
wm-vdkY jzpfw,f/
'gaMumifY wpfckcktm½kHrSm pdww f nfatmifxm;Edkiw f mavmuf

eJY or®morm"d rjzpfb;l / tukokv d u
f yH v J kyv
f ky?f umrç½lyg½lyukokvd f
uHawGyJ vkyvf ky?f tJ'gawGeJY tJ'g&JU0yd gufawGjzpfwJYtcg psmefvkdYac:
&wJY orm"dawG jzpfw,f/ tJonf orm"dawG[m or®morm"dawG
r[kwfMubl;/

t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 55
]or®morm"d}-[m umr½lyg½ly bkHokH;yg;qdki&f m tjrif-

tawG;? tajym-tvkyf-taeawGrSm xif½Sm;jzpfay:aewJY vu©Pm
awGrSm pdww
f nfatmifxm;wm&JU emrnf}-jzpfw,f/
rdpämtjrif-tawG;? tajym-tvky-f taewdk&Y UJ ysupf D;
rI? qdk;0g;rI? tok;H rusr?I rvSyrI odrw
S pf &m tm½kH
awGrmS pdwu f kw
d nfatmifxm;wmyJ/ 'g]or®morm"d}
-aygY/
wjcm; umr½lyg½ly tm½kHawGrSm pdwx
f m;wmawGrSm b,f
avmufaumif;atmif xm;xm; tJ'gawGu or®morm"drjzpfbJ
rdpämorm"dyJ jzpfw,f/
15/ 'ku©t&d,opö t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]'ku©t&d,opöm}-qdkwJY a0g[m&udk t&d,m

jzpfol jrwfpGmbk&m;u "r®pMumrSm a[mxm;cJYw,f/onf
a0g[m&&JU teufudk rvGJatmif azmfzdkYvdkw,f/ tvGefvnf; onf
teufudk vGJaumufwwfMuw,f/
'ku©-vdkY qdkvsif ]qif;&J}-vdkY jrefrmt"dyÜg,f½Sw

d m odaeMu
awmY 'ku©t&d,opömqdkvsif ]qif;&JtrSejf zpfr,f}-xifMuw,f/tJ
onf qif;&J-qdkwmudk xyfNyD; teufazmfygOD; qdkvsif ]cHpm;csuf
qdk;qdk;}-awGukd aumufawmYwmaygY/

56 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
okwåe&f JU 'ku©-teufzGiYfawGuvnf; tJonfvkdaumufcsif

zdkY tm;ay;ovdk ½Sad eawmY oHo,r½Sad tmif aumufawmYwm aygY/
]Zmwd}-[m 'ku©-yJ? ]Z&mçAsm"dçr&P}-awGvnf; 'ku©yJ?
cspu f GJ-rke;f wGJawGvnf; 'ku©yJ-vdkY a[mcsu½f Sw d ,f r[kwvf m;/
'gawGtm;vkH;u cHpm;csuq f kd;awGcsn;f r[kwv f m;/ onfawmY 'ku©
[m ]cHpm;csuq f kd;&JUemrnf}-vdkY rSwaf wmYwmaygY/
onfawmY 'kut © &d,opöm&JU teuf[m ]qdk;0g;wJY cHpm;csu}f
-awGyJ r[kwv f m; ar;p&myJ/ tJ'g r[kwb f ;l -ajz&r,f/ onftajz
udk tHhtm;oifYNyD; bmYaMumifYvJ-ar;csirf SmyJ/
'gudk vG,fvG,f ajz&vsif-

]'kut
© &d,opöm[m udk,[Yf mudk,rf odEkid b
f ;l /bk&m;
a[mrS od&wJYopöm jzpfw,f/ onf cHpm;csuq f kd;u
udk,wf kdio
f Ed kdiw
f ,f/ b,folrSjyzdkY rvdkbJov
d kdY&wm
jzpfw,f}/
'g[m tvG,q
f kH; ajzcsuyf J/
onfajzcsuu f kd b,fvkdausmv f Tm;rvJ/ cHpm;csut f qdk;[m

'ku©-qdkvsif tJonf'ku©ukd bk&m;jyaezdkY rvdkbl;/ vlwkdi;f tvdkvkdod
w,f/ vlrQru acG;awGç0ufawGyg ofw d ,f/ 'geJyY J 'kut© &d,opöm&JU
teuf[m cHpm;csut f qdk;awG r[kww f m ay:vGiw f ,f/

t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 57
]'ku}© -qkw d YJ pum;vk;H [m cHpm;csuq f k;d xGuzf kYd "mwfvnf;

vkyv f k&Yd w,f/ ]'kcr}-u vmwmqdkvsif cHpm;csuq f k;d -&rSmyJ/ 'ku-©
[m 'kcr-u ajymif;vmwJYpum;vkH; r[kwb f l;/ 'ku&-u ajymif;
vmwJYpum;vkH; jzpfw,f/
'k=raumif;wJY? u&=jyKvkycf suaf ygY/
'ku&=raumif;wJYjyKvkycf su-f vdkY jzpfw,f/
'kuu© kd 'kcr-uvmwm jzpfEkid w f meJY cHpm;csut f qdk;udk 'ku-©
vdkY ,lvkdYrjzpfbl;/ ,lvsif onf'ku©ukd vlwkdi;f odrSmaygY/ rodMu
vdkY 'ku©ukd ]ig? igY[m? igYvyd jf ym}-vkyMf uwmyJ/ odvsif 'ku©ukd
]ig?igY[m? igYvyd jf ym}-vdv kY kyw
f YJ ork',uif;MuNyD;? 'kuZ© mwford ;f &m
edAÁmefa&mufMur,f r[kwv f m;/ ra&mufwm od&NyD; 'ku©-[m cHpm;
csuq f kd;&JUemrnf r[kww f m taotcsm od&r,f/
onfvkdqkdawmY 'ku©ukd bmvdkYo&d rvJ-ar;zdkYyJ/ 'ku©t&d,

opömtzGiYfrSm ]oHcad wåe yÚöKyg'geu©Em¨ 'kum© }-vdkY awGU&w,f/
a½SUuajymNyD;wJY ]Zmwd? Z&m-pwmawG tusO;f csKyfvku d v
f sif
Oyg'geu©E¨mig;yg;-vdkY &w,f/ tJ'gawG[m 'ku©aygY}-vdkY t"dyÜg,f
&w,f/ onfawmY Zmwd?Z&m-tppawG[m Oyg'geu©Em¨ xdkuw f mawG
jzpf&r,faygY/ onfae&mrSm Oyg'geu©E¨mqdkwm bmvJ-ar;&rnfhykH
jzpfvmw,f/ onftajz&rS Oyg'geu©E¨m odr,f/ Oyg'geu©E¨modrS
Oyg'geu©E¨mxdkufwJY Zmwd? Z&m? Asm"d? r&P? tyÜd, orÜa,m*?
yd,0dyÜa,m*eJY £pämvmbawG odrSmyJ/

58 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
Oyg'geu©E¨mudk Oyg'gef\tm½kHjzpfwJYcE¨m? aemufwpfenf;

u Oyg'gefaMumifjY zpfwcYJ E¨m-vdkY jrefrmjyefMuw,f/ onfawmY Oyg'gef
u bmawGvJ od&vdrrYf ,f/ 'grS Oyg'gef&UJ tm½kH cE¨m? Oyg'gefaMumifY
jzpfwJY cE¨m-qdkwmawG odrSmyJ/
Oyg'gef-[m wPSmç'd|w d kdY&JUemrnf/ 'gawG[m udavom

xdkufwmawGvnf; jzpfw,f/ tJonf Oyg'gefjzpfwJY udavomawG
&JUtm½kH[m bmawGjzpfovJ/ udavo0#f&JUtaMumif;u 0dygu0#f
jzpfawmY 0dygu0#fxku
d w
f YJ cE¨mawG[m Oyg'gef&UJ tm½kaH wGaygY/ ]udav
om&JUtm½kHawG[m 0dygufawG}-vdkY qdkvkdw,f/
onfawmY Oyg'gef&JUtm½kHjzpfwJY cE¨mqdkwJY ]Oyg'ge
u©E¨m[m 0dygufcE¨m}-qdkwm xif½Sm;w,f/
Oyg'gefaMumifYjzpfwJYcE¨m qdkwmudk qufNyD;qifjcif&atmif/

Oyg'gef[m udavo0#fxkduw f m qdkawmY udavo0#faMumifY ur®
0#fjzpfw,f/ onfawmY ur®0#fxkduw f JYcE¨m[m Oyg'gefaMumifYjzpfwJY
cE¨myJaygY/ onfae&mrSm uHeJY0yd gufqkdwm ESpo f Gijf ym;ayrJY wpfom;
wnf;&JUemrnf jzpfwJYtwdki;f uHcE¨m&vsif 0dygufcE¨mvnf; &NyD;
om;/ 0dygufcE¨m&vsiv f nf; uHcE¨m&NyD;om;qdkwm odomw,f/
'gaMumifY ] Oyg'geu©Em¨ -qdkwm uHe0YJ yd gufxku
d wf YJ cE¨m} awGyJaygY/
'g[m ]'ku©trSef}-yJ/

t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 59
tJonf Oyg'geu©E¨mrSm 0dyguftjzpfawG[m Zmwd'ku©&JU

trnfy/J Z&mçAsm"dçr&P'kua© wG[mvnf; tJonf0yd guf&UJ a½GUavsm
rIqkid &f m trnfawGyJ jzpfw,f/ Oyg'geu©Em¨ tjzpfxrJ mS yJ yd,myd,
0dyÜa,m*-orÜa,m*eJY £pämvmbawGvnf; jzpfMu wmyJ/ 'gawG
'ku©trnf &MuwmyJ/
tm;vkH;[m Oyg'geu©E¨mxdkuw f mawG&JU trnfawG
jzpfvkYd ]tusÚ;f csKyfawmY yÚöKyg'geu©Em¨ -[m 'ku}©
-vdkY a[majymwmjzpfw,f/
Zmwd-Z&m pwmawG[m cHpm;csuq f kd;buf vJovdkjzpfvkdY

'ku©t&d,opöm&JU t&[m cHpm;csuq f kd;awGyJ-vdkY aumuf,lvkdMu
w,f/ cspu f J-G rke;f wGJeJY? vdkwmr&uvnf; cHpm;csuq f kd; teufxu G f
aeawmY ]cHpm;csuq f k;d [m'ku}© -vdkY rSm;rdMuwmaygY/ cHpm;csuf tqdk;
awGukd 'ku-© vdkY bk&m;u nTe;f wmqdkvsif vlwkid ;f vnf; 'kuo © o
d cl sn;f
jzpfrSmaygY/ 'ku©ow d mjzpfvsif tJonf'ku©jzpfaMumif; uGmNyD;? eda&m"
qdkuw f JY edAÁmef0ifukeMf urSmaygY/
cHpm;csuq f kd; odolawG[m edAÁmefr0ifbJ ork',yJ ydkBuD;vm

Muw,f/ qif;&JwJY cHpm;csut f qdk;'Pf rcHEkdijf zpfNyD; ydkrkda'guefçavm
bBuD;NyD; trSeef uYJ if;uGmatmif trSerf jrifEkid f jzpfMuw,f/ cHpm;csuf
qdk;udk 'ku©rSwo f lawG oHa0* ,lp&myJ/

60 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
'gaMumifY 'kut© &d,opöm&JU t&[m ]tjyKqdk;-tjzpf

qdk;jzpfwJY Oyg'geu©E¨mxdkuw
f JY Zmwd? Z&m? Asm"d?
r&P? yd,myd, orÜa,m*-0dyaÜ ,m*eJY £pämvmb
awGjzpfwYJ oHo&mw&m;awG jzpfaMumif;}-rSw&f r,f/
tJonfrSm cHpm;csut
f aumif;awGvnf; ygEdkiw
f ,f/ tJ'gawG
'ku©t&d,opömw&m; t&xJ yg0ifwmawGyJ/
16/ 'ku©ork', t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]'ku©ork',}-udk t&d,mjzpfoljrwfpmG bk&m;

u "r®pMumrSm a[mw,f/ 'ku&© UJ jzpfaMumif;w&m; jzpfw,f/
'gudky,fEkdirf S 'ku©tjzpfNidr;f &m 'ku©ead &m"qdkurf ,f/ 'gukd
y,fzkq
Yd kad wmY 'g&JUteuftw¬ t&aumufEkid rf S jzpfr,f/'gt&aumuf
rSm;vsif 'ku©jzpfaMumif; ry,fEkid jf zpfNyD;? yef;wdkirf a&mufbJ aer,f/
'gaMumifY onft&d,ma0g[m&udk teufrSef azmf&r,f/
onfork',aMumifjY zpfwYJ 'kua© wGu umr½lyg½ly uH0yd guf

awGy/J Oyg'geu©Em¨ -qdkwmawGaygY/ onfuaH wG xyfvkycf sirf I udav
omawG½Svd kdY onfuH0yd gufawGjzpfwm odNyD;om;yJ/ onfawmY 'ku©
ork',qdkwm udavomawGyJ-qdkwm odomw,f/
tJonf udavomawGuvnf; teuf rxifwwfMujyefb;l /

wu,fawmY-

t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 61
]udk,-f EIw-f ESvk;H awG vGeu

f sL;MuolawG[m tJonf
vGeuf sL;rIepYJ yfNyD;? pdwt
f npftaMu;awGjzpfMuw,f/
<uwmawGa&m? uswmawGa&m trsKd ;rsKd ;aygY/tJ'gawG
&JU ESyd pf uf'Pfukd vl[m tvl;tvJ cH&w,f/tJonf
'PfawG rcHEkid jf zpfwmawG}-[m 'kuo © rk', ]'ku©
jzpfaMumif; t&d,opöm}-&JU teufawGy/J
umr½lyt½lyuHvkdY qdk&wJY b0udk vkyv

f kdaewJY wPSmvdkY
bk&m;u a[mxm;w,f/ wu,fawmY wPSmqdkvkYd wPSmwpfckwnf;
awmY r[kwfbl; ajym&r,f/ olu a'go? arm[? rme? 'd|d? 0dpd
udpäm? xdeçrd'¨? t[d&du? taemwåyÜ? 'gawGrygbJ olcsnf;jzpfEdkif
w,frS r[kww f mbJ/
'gayrJY xif½Sm;wJYacgifaumufajymawmY ]wPSm}aygY/
wu,fawmY ]udavo0#fw&m;awG}-vdkY ork',
opöm} teufukd ajym&r,f/ onfuaH wGvkyv f krd eI YJ r
qdkiw
f JY vdkvm;rI? rvdkvm;rI? rodrIawG[m ork',
t&d,opömteufeYJ rqdkiw f mawG jzpfw,f/
17/ 'ku©ork', t&d,opö t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]'ku©ork',t&d,opöm}-udk bk&m;u "r®

pMumrSm a[mw,f/ 'ku©ork',-qdkwm ]'ku©jzpfaMumif;}
-vdkY jrefrmvdk jyefvdkY&w,f/

62 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
'ku©ukd odNyD;qdkvsif ]'ku©jzpfaMumif;}-qdkwmvnf; odzkdY

tcuf jzpfp&m r½Sb d ;l / 'kue© YJ 'kuj© zpfaMumif;awG vnfywfjzpfymG ;ykjH y
a[majymcsuaf wG ½Sad evdkYyJ/ 'ku©ukd uHeJY0yd gufawG-vdkY t&,lEkdif
NyD;NyDrkdY 'ku©jzpfaMumif;udk ]udavom}-,l&wmuvGJvkdY rjzpfbl;aygY/
bk&m;[m "r®pMumrSm ]'ku©ork',}-vdkYqkd&wJY 'ku©jzpf

aMumif;w&m;tjzpf ]umr? ½ly? t½ly b0awGudk jzpfapwwfwJY
wPSm}-vdkY a[mxm;w,f/ ]wPSm}-qdkwm wPSmwpfckwnf;vdkY
ajymvdkYawmY r&bl;yJ/ wPSmeJY xyfwljyK&wJY udavomawG &rSmyJ/
r*fav;yg;&JU ty,fccH sujf y w&m;awGMunfv
h sif 'd|?d 0dpu
d pd äm? umr
&m*? a'goeJY usefwJYudavomawG jzpfaewm awGU&r,f/
'gaMumifY ]'ku©ork', t&d,opöw¬}-[m
]udavom? oHa,mZÚf?? tEko,? eD0&P?Oyg'gef?
*E¦? MoC? a,m*? tmo0xdkuw
f YJ w&m;awG}-vdkY
,lMu&rSmawG jzpfw,f/
'gawG[m ]'kuo
© rk',t&d,opöm}-&JU teuftw¬ t"dygÜ ,f
awGyJ/
18/ 'ku©eda&m" t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]'ku©ead &m"}-qdkwJYukd jrwfpGmbk&m;u "r®

pMumrSm a[mw,f/ 'gudk ]edAÁmef}-vdkYoMd uw,f/ avmu
BuD;udk tJonfta&muf nTejf ycJYw,f/

t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 63
vlawGvnf; tJ'gudk vdkvm;awmifYwMuw,f/ 'gayrJY tJ

onfteufukd rodMubl;/ 'gaMumifYvnf; r&Mubl;/ 'gaMumifY
onf&JUteufudk odzdkYvdkw,f/
]'ku©ead &m"}-qdkwJY pum;[m 'ku©eJYead &m"qdkwJY pum; ESpf

vkH; aygif;xm;wm jzpfw,f/ 'ku©u 'ku©t&d,opömrSm zGiYcf JYwJY
twdki;f yJ uHe0YJ yd gufcE¨mjzpfwYJ Oyg'geu©Em¨ yJ/ eda&m"-u csKyfw,f-
qdkwt YJ "dygÜ ,fy/J ESpv
f k;H aygif;vdkuaf wmY ]Oyg'geu©Em¨ awG rjzpfymG ;awmY
wJtY jzpf}-yJ/
Oyg'geu©E¨mawGu vlr[kwb f J vlay:rSmwufaewJY a&m*

awG? ya,m*awG? tCawGyJ/ 'gaysmufoGm;awmY vlu vGwf
ajrmufNidr;f csr;f wmaygY/ 'gaMumifY 'gudk vlawGqkduaf &mufp&mvdkY
ajym&wmyJ?
onfawmY ]'ku©ead &m"}-qdkwJY ]edAÁmef}-[m teufrodp&m

r½Sad wmYbl;/ Oyg'geu©E¨mawG tNyD;wdkicf sKyfqkH;rIyJ/ Oyg'geu©E¨mawG
jzpfaewmudk oHo&mvnfw,f ac:wmyJ/ ] 'kue© ad &m"jzpfw,f qdw k m
oHo&mjywfwm&JU emrnf}-yJ/
'ku©&JUt& odNyD;jzpfvkdY 'ku©ead &m"&JUt&[m rcufwJYteuf

jzpfwmyJ/

64 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
'kue© ad &m"[m bmrSr½Sw

d m&JUemrnf r[kwb
f l;/]bkHokH;
yg;uHawG aemufxyf b,fawmYrS rjyKawmYwm&JU t
rnf}-jzpfw,f/
19/ 'ku©eda&m"t&d,opö t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]'ku©ead &m"t&d,opöm}-udk "r®pMumrSm

bk&m;a[mw,f/ 'gudk jrefrmwdkYu vG,v
f G,t
f "dyÜg,f od
MuwmuawmY ]edAÁmef}-vdkYyJ/
'gudk teufziG aYf wmY oluwpfrsKd ;? udk,u

f wpfzkH jzpfMuwmyJ/
wpfjcm; opömxdkuwf &m;awGukd teufrSef rodbJ ]'ku©ead &m"t&d,
opöm}usrS teufodcsifvdkYawmY teuftrSef r&Edkifbl;yJ/
r*¾t&d,opömudk trSerf odvsif 'ku©t&d,opömudk trSerf &

Edkib
f l;/ 'gr&vsif 'ku©ork', t&d,opömudk trSef r&Edki&f bl;/
'g trSerf &awmY 'ku©ead &m"t&d,opöm trSef r&wmaygY/
]vdkcsifwmrSeforQ 'ku©ork',}-xifNyD; 'gaysmufatmif

azsmufawmY yef;wmyJ tzwfwifrSmaygY/ ½kyef mrfESpjf zmudk 'ku©xif
awmYvnf; vdkcsiwf mrSeo
f rQ azsmufrrd SmyJ/ ½kyef mrfwkdY&JU jzpfçysuf
odwm r*¾ix
f ifjyefawmYvnf; ½kyef mrfukd 'ku©-vdkYuvnf; rSwrf rd Sm
yJ/ onfawmY ]edAÁmef}-teufeJY a0;&wmaygY/

t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 65
r*¾itf rSeu
f kd jycJYNyD;NyD/ qufvnf; jyOD;r,f/onfrSm ]edAÁmef}
-trSet f euf azmf&r,f/ 'ku©ead &m"t&d,opömrSm 'ku©teuf odNyD;
qdkawmY tJonf ]'ku©awGcsKyfqkH;rI}[m ]edAÁmef}-vdkY vG,v f G,o
f Ed kdif
wmyJ/
]'ku©ead &m" t&d,opöm}-udk bk&m;zGiYfwmuvnf; ½Si;f ae
wmyJ/ ]taoo 0d&m* eda&ma"m pma*g y#deó d a*¾g rkwåd temv
a,m}-qdw k m ] 'kuo© rk', t<uif;rJjY zpfomG };-vdkY 'kut
© &d,opömcsKyf
qkH;? pGeYfypf? vGwaf jrmuf? wnf&mrJY jzpfoGm;rIoabm ajymwmyJ/
]'ku©csKyfwm}-[m 'ku©jzpfwm&JU qefYusib f ufyJ/ 'ku©jzpf

wmodvsif 'ku©csKyfwm rodp&m r½Sb d l;/ 'ku©jzpfwm rodvsiaf wmY
csKyfwmusrSawmY b,fvkdrS odcGiYfr½Sb d l;/ 'gaMumifY ]edAÁmef}odcsio
f l
[m edAÁmefukd pdyjf zm½SmraebJ 'ku©ozd kdYyJ vkyo
f ifYw,f/
]'kue© ad &m"t&d,opöm}-&JU teuf[m ]'kuu © vGwf
ajrmufr}I -vdkYyJ em;vnf&r,f/
20/ 'ku©ead &m"*grdeDy#dy'g r*¾t&d,opö t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]'ku©ead &m"*grdeDy#dy'g t&d,opöm}-udk "r®

pMumrSm bk&m;a[mw,f/ 'g&JUwpfckcsi;f t"dygÜ ,fukd jycJNY yD;
NyD/ tck enf;enf; qufjyOD;r,f/ 'gudk r*¾t&d,opöm-vdkY odMu
w,f/

66 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
r*¾t&d,opöm&JU t&udk ½kyef mrfwkdY&JU tjzpftysuo

f jd cif;-
vdkY bmYaMumifYoad e&wmvJ/
'g&JUtajz[m ½Si;f vSw,f/ bmvJqkdawmY t&d,opömudk

rodbJ w&m;tm;xkwMf ujcif;aMumifYyJ/ w&m;jyolu t&d,opöm
w&m; odNyD;aomfrS tm;xkwrf nfholu t&d,opömw&m; rodvsif
w&m;tm;rxkwx f ku
d Mf ubl;/
t&d,opömw&m;[m udk,w f kdio

f Ed kdiw
f JY taetxm; r½SMd u
bl;/ jrwfpGmbk&m;[m avmurSmyGiYaf y:vmwm udk,w f kdiu
f wjcm;
bmudpö aqmif½Guzf kdYrS r[kwbf J ]t&d,opömw&m; a[mjyzdkYom}-
jzpfvkdYyJ/ bk&m;eJY bk&m;qDu&xm;ol&JU t&d,opömjycsuf r&bJ?
b,forl S t&d,opömodciG Yf r½SMd ubl;/ yapöuAk'u ¨ awmY onftxJrmS
rygbl;aygY/
'gaMumifY t&d,opöm rodao;olu w&m;tm;rxkw&f bl;/

tm;rxkwaf umif;bl;aygY/ onfvkdjzpfvsuf tm;xkwv f sif bmjzpf
rSmvJ-ar;rvm;yJ/ ar;vsif ryGm;xdkuw
f m yGm;rdvsuf jzpfrSm aygY-
vdkY ajz&r,f/
wpfcgxyfNyD; tm;rxkwt f yfwmu bmvJ-ar;OD;rvm;yJ/

]'kua© ygY}-vdkY ajzvdrrYf ,f/ bm'kua© wG jzpfrmS rdkv
Y -J ar;csiOf ;D rvm;yJ/

t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 67
umrb0'ku©? ½lyb0'ku©? t½lyb0'ku©awGaygY-vdkY ajzvdrfYr,f/

onfvkdqkdawmY bmrS tm;rxkw&f awmYbl;vm; ajymp&m½Swd ,f/
]tif;}-vdkYyJ ajym&r,f/
'gejyKwmvnf; tm;xkww f myJ r[kwvf m;/oDvaqmufwnf

wmvnf; tm;xkww f myJ r[kwbf l;vm;/ pdwxf ed ;f wmawG trsKd ;rsKd ;
vnf; tm;xkww f myJ r[kwvf m;/ tJ'gawG rvky&f awmYbl;vm;/
onftar;vnf; ]tif;}-yJ ajym&rSmyJ/
t&d,opömtod r½SdvsifawmY tJ'gawGvkyfvsif vkyforQ

'ku©awGyJ jzpfrSmrdkYyJ/ 'gawGvkyv f kdY tyg,fuswwfvkdYvm; qdkvsiaf wmY
r[kwb f l;-ajym&rSmyJ/ 'gayrJY ]'ku©}-u tyg,fusrSjzpfwm r[kwf
bl;/ 'ge?oDvawGudk t&d,opömrodbJ tm;xkwfvsif umrb0
&r,f/ pdwx f ed ;f vkyif ef; trsKd ;rsKd ;awG tm;xkwv
f sif ½lyb0 &r,f/
aemufqk;H ydwf ½kyef mrfjzpfysuaf wGqk;H &m a&mufatmif tm;xkwrf vm;/
'gqdkvsif t½lyb0 &r,f/ onfb0taxGaxG[m tm;vkH; tm;r
xkwaf umif;wJY 'ku©w&m;awGcsn;f yJ/
tm;xkwv f sif bmjzpfrSmrdkYvJ-ar;csiaf o;ovm;/ 'ku©ukd

tm;xkwfrSawmY 'ku©a&mufrSmaygY-vdkY ajz&r,f/ onf'ku©awG
a&mufawmY bmjzpfrSmrdkYvJ-awG;rvm;/

68 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
'ku©a&mufwm[m vlrSm vGwv f yfrIqkH;½IH;wmyJ/ rvGwvf yfol

[m odp&mawG [kww f kdi;f rSe&f ma&mufatmif rodEkdib f l;/ rodol[m
r[kwrf rSew
f mawGukd t[kwt f rSev
f kdY pGJ,lwmawG jzpfr,f/ tpGJ½Sd
ol[m tm;vkH;vdkrSm vGJr,f/
vlawG&JU aumif;wJYukd,çf EIwçf ESvkH;awGeJY 'ge?oDv?bm0em

awG rvky&f awmYbl;vm;-ar;vsif onftar;twGuf ]rvky&f bl;}-
ajymvnf; rSm;w,f? ]vky&f r,f}-ajymvnf; rSm;w,f/ 'gaMumifY
onftar;&JUtajz[m bk&m;yJajzEdkifwm jzpfw,f/ usefvlawG
rajzEkid Mf ubl;/
bk&m;&JUtajz enf;enf;em;axmifay;&r,f/ bk&m;u nTejf y

wm ½Sw d ,f/ ]vlawG&JU udk,çf EIwçf ESvkH;aumif;awGeJY 'ge?oDv?
bm0emvkyrf [ I m ESprf sKd ;½Sw
d ,f}-vdkyY /J yXrwpfrsKd ;u ]Oyg'gefev
YJ kyrf }I
jzpfNyD;? aemufwpfcku ]Oyg'gefrJYvkyrf I}-aygY/
]udk,-f EIw-f ESvk;H aumif;eJY 'ge?oDv?bm0emawGukd Oyg'gefeYJ

vkyw f ,f}-qdkwm olwkdY&JU ]ppfrSew f JYtusKd ;udkow
d JY todrygbJ vkyf
jcif;&JU emrnf}-jzpfw,f/ tJonftvkyaf wGxJrSm 'ge?oDv?bm0em
jzpfwJY udk,rf IçEIwrf IçESvkH;rI taumif;awG ygw,f/

t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 69
]Oyg'gefrYJ udk,-f EIw-f ESvk;H aumif;eJY 'ge? oDv?

bm0em}-awGu bmawGv-J qdkwm&JU tajzuawmY
]opömod?opömjrifjzpfNyD;ol&UJ udk,-f EIw-f ESvk;H aumif;
eJY 'ge?oDv?bm0emawGyJ jzpfw,f}-vdkyY /J bmopöm
vJqkdvsif ]t&d,opöm}-yJ/
tJonf t&d,opömu 'ge?oDv?bm0em udk,-f EIw-f ESvkH;

aumif;awGusiYrf S &wmr[kwb f l;vm;? 'gawGrusiYbf J b,fu &wm
vJ-ar;zdkY½w
Sd ,f/ t&d,opömtod[m 'gawGusiYv f kdY&wm r[kwb
f l;/
]t&d,opömw&m; a[molq Y u
D em&vdko d m}-om jzpfw,f/
Y w
em&vdkY? zwf&vdkYodwmqdkvsif pum;od?pmodyJ jzpfraebl;
vm;-ajymp&m½Sw d maygY/
]pum;od? pmodyJ jzpfw,f}-awmY ajymvdk&Y r,f r[kwb f ;l /

tJ'g em;vnfatmif ajym&r,f/ pum;em;axmif&mrSm trsKd ;tpm;
ESpcf k ½Sw
d ,f/ wpfcku pum;udk em;axmifayrJY tJonfpum;&JU
t&omudk awGUwJYtjzpf r½Sb d l;/ rMum;wmawmY r[kwb f l;-aygY/
aemufwpfcku pum;em;axmifwJYtcg tJonfpum;udk

Mum;½kMH um;wm r[kwb f ;l / pum;t&omudk awGUwt
YJ jzpftxd ½Sw
d ,f/
pmrSmvnf; onfvkdyJ/

70 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
avmurSm onfvakd wG trsm;tjym;½SMd uwmyJ/ od*gF &? [mo?

u½kP? ½k'¨? 0d&? b,meu-tpp t&omudkazmfjywJY pum;awG
pmawGudk emMum;zwfrSwfNyD; t&om&olawG &Muovdk? r&olawG
vnf; r&MuwmawG ½SdwmyJ/
pum;eJYpmqDu t&omrawGUolu pum;eJYpmyJ jzpfaeayrJY?

t&omawGUwJYolu omrefpum;rQpmrQ r[kww f JYtxd jzpfoGm;wm
od&r,f/ 'gu vlwkdi;f jzpfMuwmyJ/ owdrxm;vdkY rodovdkjzpfwm
½Scd si½f Srd ,f/
t&omawGUw,f-qdkwm ]arsmoGm;wm&JU emrnf}-yJ/ ]arsm
w,f}-qdkwmvnf; tJonfpum;xJpmxJ ygoGm;cH&vdkY pum;em;
axmifol pmzwfolu tJonfpum;xJpmxJ a&mufoGm;vdkY? em;
axmifolzwfol aysmufoGm;wm&JU emrnfaygY/
onftjzpfrsKd ;[m vlwkid ;f jzpfbl;MuwmyJ/ ZmwfyJ?G ½ky½f Siyf J?G -

tppyGJawGrSmvnf; onfvdkyJ/ ESpfyg;oGm;jyaevsif Munfhaeol[m
wpfyg;yg; jzpfomG ;cH&wmaygY/ ESpyf g;oGm;rSm rif;om;ujzpfjzpf? rif;
orD;ujzpfjzpf? wpfOD;OD;udk jr§LcsLaewmudk t&omjzpfw,fqdkwm
t&omcHou l jr§LcsLolvm;? tjr§LcsLcH&olvm;?udk,ef YJ Zmwfwçl "mwf
wlovdkjzpfNyD;? udk,wf kdijf r§LcsLae&ovdk tjr§LtcsLcHae&ovdk jzpfyGm;
cHae&wm&JU emrnfy/J onfawmY udk,u f jr§LcsLwmeJY tjr§LcsL cHwmudk
Munfhaeoltjzpfu aysmufawmYwmaygY/

t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 71
od*Fg&? [mo? u½kP-tp½Sw d JY tjzpfbm0wpfckckukd azmfjy

Edkiw
f JY azmufjyefwJYtjzpf 0dbm0udk ajymqdka&;om;wJY pum;eJYpmudk
em;axmifzwf½Iol[m od*Fg&? [mo? u½kP-tp½Sw d JY t&omawG
jzpfyGm;Muw,f/ 'gudkMunfhvsif pmeJYpum;[m pmeJYpum;yJ r[kwf
wm ay:vGifrSmyJ/ ajymcsif? odapcsifol&JU od*Fg&? [mo? u½kP
tp½Sw d mawG azmfjywJYpum;eJYpm[m pum;eJYpmtjzpfu ausmNf yD;?
em;axmifzwf½Ioludk od*Fg&? [mo? u½kP-tp½SdwJY&oawG jzpf
ay:apzdkYyJ/
t&d,opöm a[majyma&;cRwfcsufuvnf; pum;eJYpm

avmufeJY NyD;roGm;bl;/ 'gudk em;axmifzwf½Iol[m t&d,opömt&
omudk jzpfay:&½SdrSm jzpfw,f/ onf em;axmifolrSmjzpfwJY t&d,
opöm&JU t&om[m ajymol&JUpum;vnf; r[kwb f l;? a&;ol&JUpm
vnf; r[kww f m aocsmw,f/
onf t&d,opöm&JUt&om[m a[majymoleJY a&;om;ol&JU

pum;eJpY mudk em;axmifçzwfrwS of rl mS om jzpfwYJ t&omyJ/ onft&
om[m a[majyma&;om;olvnf; r[kwb f l;/ a[majyma&;om;cH&
wJY pum;eJYpmvnf; r[kwb f l;/ a[majyma&;om;ol&JU a[majyma&;
om;wJY pum;eJUpmudk em;axmifçzwfrSwo f lxHrSmom jzpfwJYt&m
jzpfw,f/

72 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
onf t&d,opöm a[majyma&;om;csurf Sm todcHp&mawG

[m ]b0awG}-jzpfNyD;? onfb0awG&JU vu©PmawGu &,lcsipf &m
r½SdawmY &,lcsifpdwfrsm; rjzpfay:rIaMumifY onfb0awG Nidrf;Mu
w,f/ onfvdkNidrf;wm vlU&JU BuD;jrwfwJYtjrwfjzpfvdkY onfvdkNidrf;
atmif todcaH wGukod zd kYd todcjH zpfwYJ b0awGjzpfwYJ vlq
Y uf qHa&;awG
rjzpfatmif ae&rSmyJ/
onfa[majyma&;cRwfcsu[ f m em;axmif-zwf-rSwo f lukd

]Nidr;f csr;f atmif bmvky&f rSmyJ}-qdkwYJ odjrif-em;vnfru I kd jzpfapw,f/
em;vnfawmY-
]igNidr;f csr;f atmif b0awGxaJ rQmwJY vlrq
I ufqaH &;
awG rjzpfatmif avmuudkqufqHr,f/'gqdkvsif ig
[m b0jzpfwJY vlrIqufqHa&;&JU atmYESvkH;emp&m
tjzpfawG igjrifr,f/ onfvkd igjrifawmY b0jzpfwJY
vlrIqufqHa&;udk igrvdkvm; rawmifYwwm igYrSm
jzpfr,f? onfawmY igYrmS b0jzpfwYJ vlrqI ufqaH &;
awG Nidr;f NyD;? ig[m tat;BuD;at;ol jzpfNyDy}J /
onft&d,opömtjzpfukd ykHcif;NyD; wGuv f kduwf kdi;f ½Si;f vif;

aeatmifjrifwJY tjzpf[m em;axmif-zwf-rSwo f lrSm jzpfyGm;wJY t&
omyJ/ emMum;-zwf-rSw&f vdkY em;vnf&csux f JrSm emMum;-zwf-
rSwo
f lukd,w
f kdif 0ifxGuaf rQmvdkuo
f Gm;wJY tjzpfyJ/

t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 73
onfawmY onft&d,opömtod[m pum;xJpmxJu

t&d,opöm r[kwaf wmYbJ olukd,w f kdif 0ifxGuaf rQmygbl;wJY t&d
,opömjzpfvkdY olYt&d,opöm? olYukd,w f kdit f jrifxJu t&d,opöm
jzpfwmaygY/ onfvdk t&d,opöm a[majyma&;om;csufudk t&om
ay:atmif t&d,opömtjrifrSm xGu0f ifzl;olu ]'gr[kwb f l;}-vdkY
b,folzsuzf suf rysuaf wmYolyJ/ wpfeJYESpaf ygif;vnf; okH;rjzpfbl;
qdkwm r,kHovdkyJ/
onfvkd t&d,opömtod[m olYtodpw d ef JY OD;aESmuf xJrSm

0ifxGut f vkyv
f kyo
f Gm;NyDqkdvsif igYukd,Ef IwEf SvkH;aumif;eJY 'ge?oDv?
bm0emawG[m rodEkd;em;txifawGeJY vkyzf kdY r[kwaf wmYbl;-qdkwm
jzpfyGm;vmMuw,f/ tvGefBuD;vkyfusifY&aevdkY vkyfcsifNyD; vkyfao;
w,fqkdaomfrS ]igY[mr[kwaf o;ygbl;}-vdkY rjzpfbJ raebl;/ rsm;
aomtm;jzifY 'gawG vkycf GiYfBuKHwkdi;f t&d,opömtodeJY? vky&f jcif;
taMumif;jrifNyD; vkyfNyDaygY/
ajymqdkjyKrlaexdkiw
f JY tvkyaf wGvkyaf eol[m vkyaf e&if;eJYyJ
bm0emawG? oDvawG? 'geawG ygapw,f/ tJonf vlrIqufqHa&;
r[kwfwmawGrSm 'ge?oDv?bm0emawG vkyfvdkYr&bl;/ r&bJ vkyf
aew,fqdkvsif tJ'g tpGJeJYvkyfwmyJ/ tpGJeJY vkyfwmaMumifYawmY
t&d,opöm rjzpfEdkifbl;/

74 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
]t&d,opömtod[m t&d,opöm a[majyma&;om;

csu?f em&-zwf&vdkYom od&rSmjzpfw,f/ tJonfu
odwt YJ odeYJ udk,-f EIw-f ESvk;H aumif;awG vkyaf qmif
jcif;[m w&m;tm;xkwf yGm;rsm;jcif;}-yJ/
t&d,opömodeJY udk,-f EIw-f ESvkH;aumif; 'ge-oDv-bm

0emawGymG ;awmY Oyg'gefeYJ udk,-f EIw-f ESvk;H aumif; 'ge?oDv?bm0em
vkyfwmawG&JU tjzpfvu©PmtjrifawG xifxufxif jzpfwmaygY/
onfawmY onfOyg'gefeJY tJonfvkyfcsufawG rvkyfcsifwmawGjzpf
NyD; Oyg'gef tJonfvkycf suaf wG Nidr;f wmaygY/
'gaMumifY t&d,opömtodtjrif[m ½kyef mrfjzpfysuu f kd od
jrifwmr[kwb f J? Oyg'gefeJYvkyw
f JY udk,Ef IwEf SvkH;aumif; 'ge?oDv?
bm0emxJrSmygwJY Oyg'gef ½kyef mrfcE¨mawG&JU tjzpftysuf todtjrif
jzpfw,f/ or®mwJY 0gpmçur®EÅçtmZD0qdkwm rormwJY 0gpm-ur®EÅ-
tmZD0 r[kww f mawGaygY/
tJ'gawGu tpGe;f a&muf 0gpmçur®EÅçtmZD0awG r[kwf

vm;/ umreJY r[*¾wtjrifeJYvkyw
f mawG jzpfvkdYaygY/ r*¾t&d,opöm
udk onfvdkavmuftxd od&r,f/

t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 75
21/ 'ku©t&d,opöÓP t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
o nft&d,ma0g[m&udk bk&m;u "r®pMumrSma[mw,f/ 'ku©

t&d,opömeJY 'ku©t&d,opöÓPf t&csi;f wlrSmvdkvkdjzpfNyD;?
rwlwmudk uGJjym;atmif od&r,f/
'ku©t&d,opömu atmufu aumufcJYwJYtwdki;f teuf½w Sd JY
t&myJ/
]'kut © &d,opöÓPfu 'kut © &d,opömudk ]'kut
© &d,
opöm}-vdkY odol&JU todÓPf}-yJ/
'kut© &d,opömukd odou l onfa[muGurf mS bk&m;jzpfawmY
bk&m;&JU 'kut © &d,opömodru I kd 'kut
© &d,opöÓPf t&aumuf&r,f/
onfae&mrSm-
]'kut
© &d,opömu tm½kw
H &m;? 'kut
© &d,opö
ÓPfu tm&r®Pu d w&m;}-jzpfw,fvdkY rSwf&r,f/
]'ku©t&d,opöm}&JUtjzpfu bk&m;todÓPf&JU tjyifbuf

rSm½Sw
d JY t&m? 'ku©t&d,opöÓPfu bk&m;&JUtodÓPfyJ/ ypön;f eJY
ypön;f pm&if;vdkaygY/ ypön;f u ypön;f pm&if;r[kwb f l;/ ypön;f pm&if;
uvnf; ypön;f r[kwb f l;/ 'gayrJY ypön;f eJYypön;f pm&if; wl&w,f/
wlykHu trsKd ;trnfcsi;f ? ta&twGucf si;f awGyJ/
om;orD;awGu rdbudk odMuw,f/ olwkdYtodxJu rdb[m

76 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
wu,fYrdb r[kwfbl;/ wu,fYrdbuvnf; olwdkYtodxJu rdb

r[kwbf l;/ r[kwaf yrJY wu,fYrbd eJY olwkdYtodxJu rdb[m wlMu
w,f/ wpfxyfwnf;avmuf wlMuw,f/ wlwmyJjzpfayrJY twlawmY
r[kwb f l;/ wpfckwnf; r[kwb f l;aygY/
wu,fYrbd raysmufrysuf ½Sad epÚfrSmyJ om;orD;wdkYtodxJ

u rdbu aysmufysuof mG ;Edkiw
f ,f/ onfvkd jzpfomG ;MuwmawGvnf;
½Sw
d ,f/ wu,fYrbd aysmufysuo f Gm;vnf; om;orD;wdkY todxJu
rdbu raysmufrysuf jzpfaewmawGvnf; ½Sw d ,f/ rdbESpcf k rwlwm
onfvdkodvsifvnf; xif½Sm;wm awGU&r,f/
'ku©t&d,opömeJY 'ku©t&d,opöÓPf[mvnf; onfvkdyJ/

'ku©t&d,opöm[m ½Sv d maecJYwm vlYordki;f eJYtrQ jzpfvrd Yfr,f/ 'ku©
t&d,opöÓPfuawmY bk&m;tjzpf &wJYtcgrS ½Sw d myJ/ "mwfykHxJu
rEÅav;awmif[m uifr&may:NyD;aemufrS ½Sw d JY rEÅav;awmifyJ/
rEÅav;awmifeJY wlayrJY wu,fYrEÅav;awmif r[kwb f l;/ wu,fY
rEÅav;awmifu a½S;urÇmuarÇuwnf;u ½Sw d JYawmif jzpfw,f/
'gayrJY cRwfpGyw
f lawmY "mwfykHxJu rEÅav;awmifvkdYyJ ajym&wmyJ/
"mwfykHxJu rEÅav;awmif[m rkcs rEÅav;awmif r[kwf

bl;/ Oypm rEÅav;awmifaygY/ bmOypmvnf; ar;r,f/ twljzpf
vdkY o'dolypm-vdkYyJ ajym&r,f/

t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 77
bk&m;ÓPfxJu 'ku©t&d,opöm[mvnf; vlrSmjzpfwJY

'ku©t&d,opömvdk rkcs'ku©t&d,opömawmY r[kwb f l;/ o'dolypm
'ku©t&d,opömyJ jzpfw,f ajym&r,f/ vlrSmjzpfwJY'ku©t&d,opöm
u t&aumufvsif Oyg'geu©E¨m&NyD;? tJonfOyg'geu©E¨m&JU jzpfyGm;
wmudk vlucHae&wm&JUemrnf jzpfw,f/
]todÓPfxJu 'ku©t&d,opömuvnf; t&aumuf
vsif Oyg'geu©Em¨ yJ &ayrJY tJonf Oyg'geu©Em¨
[m odorl mS jzpfymG ;wm cHrae&bl;}-yJ/
wu,f "m;eJYtxdk;cH&wmeJY tdyrf ufxJrSm "m;eJYtxdk;cH&wm

vdkyJ/ wu,fcH&olu aoG;awGxGuw f mjrif&NyD;? emwmcH&r,f/
tdyrf ufrSmqdkvsiu
f awmY aoG;awGxGuw f m jrif&ayrJY remwm awGU&
r,f/ ]tppwlayrJY odaewm[m jzpfaewmr[kww f m xl;jcm;wm}yJ/
'gawGaMumifY 'ku©t&d,opöÓPf[m 'ku©t&d,opöm r

[kwbf l;/ 'ku©t&d,opöm[m 'ku©t&d,opöÓPf&JU tm½kHyJ jzpf
w,f/ 'ku©t&d,opöÓPf[m 'ku©t&d,opömtm½kHukd tm½kHjyKwJY
'ku©t&d,opömtm½kH&JU tm&r®Pu d yJvkdY ajymcJYwm jzpfw,f/
'ku©t&d,opöm[m vlrSm Oyg'geu©E¨mrsm; jzpfyGm;aewm

&JUtrnf jzpfw,f/

78 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
]'kut
© &d,opöÓPf[m vlrmS jzpfymG ;aewJY Oyg'ge
u©Em¨ tjzpfeYJ xyfwjl zpfatmif todrmS wnfaqmufNyD;?
'g[m t&d,mjzpfatmif od&wJY 'kut © ppf-yJvo
kYd w
d JY
tod&JUemrnf}-jzpfw,f/
todcHw&m;&JUemrnfeJY todcHukdow
d JY todw&m;&JU emrnfyJ
aygY/ jrwfpGmbk&m;u onftodcHw&m;udk olYrSm odwJYtod
jzpfyGm;w,f-vdkY ajymwJYpum;yJ/
22/ 'ku©t&d,opö y&dan,supd öÓP t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
o
]
nft&d,ma0g[m&udkvnf; "r®pMumrSm bk&m;a[mw,f/
'kut © &d,opö y&dan,s= 'kut
© &d,opömudk y&dan,svkyf
jcif;}-vdkY t"dyÜg,f&ygr,f/
'ku©t&d,opömqdkwmu odNyD;om;yJ/ y&dan,sukd odzkdY

vkyf&r,f/
y&dan,s-qdkwm ]ydki;f jcm;odxku d jf cif;}-vdkY teufazmfMuNyD;
½Sw
d ,f/ 'ku©t&d,opömudk t&d,mwdkYo&d rnfh 'ku©trSe[ f m 'gyJ-
vdkY odcgrQeJY rjynfhpkHbl;/ 'ku©trSecf yford ;f udk odykH tjcif;t&mtm;
vkH;eJYoad tmif vky&f zdkY½w
Sd mudk y&dan,s=ydki;f jcm;odatmif vky&f rnfh
t&m-vdkY udpöÓPf jzpfjcif;yJ/

t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 79
]vlrSmjzpfwJY Oyg'geu©E¨m[m vlvkycf E¨m r[kwb

f J
vlvkyvf krYd &wJcY E¨mjzpfwmudk odawmY? 'gawGu b,f
avmufawG rsm;ovJ? taumif;tqdk; b,fvkdawG
jzpfapovJ odatmifvkyrf Sm-vdkY odwm[m ydki;f jcm;
odp&mudk odwJYÓPf}-jzpfwmyJ/
onfÓPfudk twdkajymawmY ]'ku©t&d,opö udpöÓPf}-
vdkY ajym&wmyJ/
23/ 'ku©t&d,opö y&dnmw uwÓP t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
o nfa0g[m&udk "r®pMumrSm bk&m;a[mw,f/]'ku©t&d,opö

y&dnmw}-qdw k m Oyg'geu©Em¨ cyford ;f rSm Oyg'geu©Em¨ vu©
Pmrsm;jzifY tESo
YH Nd yD;NyDjzpfvkYd Oyg'geu©Em¨ wpfckwavrQ ]ig? igY[m?
igYvdyfjym}-tjzpf rrSwf,l rawG;awmjcif;&JUemrnf jzpfw,f/
tJonfrSm ]ig? igY[m? igYvyd jf ym}-vdkY rSw,

f lp&m r½dSwmudk
odwJY tod[m ]'ku©t&d,opö y&dnmw uwÓPf] jzpfw,f/
]'kut
© &d,opömeJY pyfNyD; odp&m 'kut
© &d,opöm t
ESv
YH nf; odw,f? odp&mtjcif;t&mjzpfwYJ vu©Pm
awGeJYvnf; odw,f/ onfvkd odNyD;oGm;wm}-udk
]'ku©t&d,opö y&dnmwÓPf}-ajym&w,f/

80 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
24/ 'ku©ork', t&d,opöÓP t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
o nfa0g[m&udk bk&m;oQif "r®pMumrSm a[mw,f/ ]'ku©

ork', t&d,opö ÓP}-qdkwm 'ku©ukdjzpfapwJY udav
omawG[m ]'ku©jzpfaMumif; t&d,mwdkY&JU trSeyf J}-vdkY odwJYÓPf&JU
trnfyJ/
]udavomawG[m 'ku©jzpfapwJY ½dk;½dk;trSef jzpfw,f}/
d JYÓPf bk&m;rSm aygufw,f}/
'gudkow
onfvdk aygufwmudk ]'ku©ork', t&d,opöÓPf}-vdkY
ajym&wmyJ/
25/ 'ku©ork', y[mwAÁ udpöÓP t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
o nfa0g[m&udk bk&m;u "r®pMumrSm a[mw,f/ 'ku©ork

',opöm[m bmvkypf &m½Sv d J-'godvsif NyD;a&mvm;? 'god
umrQeJY bmrSrNyD;pD;bl;/
]'gu opötjzpfou d mrQeJY olYzmomol aysmufroGm;
bl;/ qufjzpfaerSmyJ/ oljzpfaevsiv
f nf; olYaMumifY
jzpfwYJ 'kuu
© jzpfaer,f/ 'kur© jzpfbkq
Yd kv
d sif olYukd
y,frS jzpfr,f/ onfawmY onf 'kuo © rk',opöm
[m y,fypf&rnfh trSeo f pöm}-yJ/
onfvdkodwm ]'ku©ork', y[mwAÁÓPf} jzpfw,f/
onfÓPf[m ]'kuo
© rk', y[mwAÁupd Ó
ö Pf}-vdkY ac:&wJY t&myJ/

t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 81
26/ 'ku©ork', t&d,opö y[De uwÓP t&d,a0g[m&w¬

uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]'kuo © rk',opö y[De}-qdkwpYJ um;udk bk&m;

oQif "r®pMumrSm a[mw,f/ 'ku©jzpfaMumif; udavomawG
[m y,f&rnfhupd ö ½Sw d ,f/ onfupd öukd aqmif½GuNf yD;oGm;w,f-
qdkwJY y,fNyD;oGm;wmyJ/ onfvkd ]y,fNyD;oGm;wmudk}- odwJYÓPfukd
]'ku©ork', t&d,opö y[De uwÓPf} qdkwmyJ/
]'ku©jzpfaMumif;[m udavomork',yJ/ onfjzpfaMumif;

[m y,f&rSmyJ odwm}-'ku©ork', y[mwAÁupd öÓPfyJ/
y,f&r,fqkdwJY onfork',awGukd y,fNyD;wmodwm
© rk', y[De uwÓPf}-jzpfw,f/
[m ]'kuo
27/ 'ku©eda&m"t&d,opöÓP t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]'kue© ad &m"t&d,opöm}-udk "r®pMumrSm bk&m;

a[mw,f/ tJonf t&d,opömuko d w
d YJ tod[m ]'kue© ad &m"
t&d,opöÓPf}-yJ/
]vlrmS jzpfwYJ 'kue© ad &m"t&d,opömtwdki;f bk&m;rSm
jzpfwJY todÓPf jzpfw,f}/ tJonf todÓPf[m
]'kue© ad &m" t&d,opöÓPf}-yJ/

82 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
_______________
«rSwcf su/f q&mawmf\ rl&if;a&;om;csuyf g trSm jzpfyg
onf/useaf eonfrsm;udk ae&mrSeüf azmfjyNyD;jzpfygonf/»
trSm-
t&d,a0g[m& ]'ku©t&d,opöw¬uxm}-NyD;vsif t&d,
a0g[m& ]'ku©ork',t&d,opöw¬uxm} qufa&;&rSmyJ/
tJ'g-
t&d,a0g[m& ]'kut © &d,opö ÓPw¬uxm} a&;rdw,f/
qufa&;vmvdkufwm t&d,a0g[m& ]'ku©eda&m"t&d, opö
ÓPw¬uwm} a&mufvmwJYtxdyJ/
usecf JYwm-
t&d,ma0g[m&ok;H vk;H usecf w
YJ ,f/'kuo
© rk',?'ku© eda&m"?
'ku©eda&m"*grdeDy#dy'g t&d,opöw¬uxm awGyJ/
tJ'gawG tck qufa&;r,f/ NyD;rSyJ t&d,a0g[m& 'ku©
eda&m"t&d,opö opäu d mwAÁupd ö ÓPw¬uxm qufr,f/
_______________
28/ 'kue© ad &m"t&d,opö opäud mwAÁupd Ó

ö P t&d,a0g[m&w¬
uxm
t
-
&d,a0g[m& ]'ku©ead &m"t&d,opö opäu d mwAÁupd öÓP}
udk "r®pMumrSm bk&m;a[mcJYw,f/ 'ku©csKyfrI trSe[
f m
bmvkyf&rSmvJ- ar;cGef;twGuf tajzyJ/

t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 83
]opäu
d mwAÁ}-[m rsuaf rSmufjyKtyf? qdkuaf &muftyf-qdkwJY
teuf ½Sw d ,f/ onfawmY 'ku©Nidr;f rI[m vlawGtaeeJY tJonf'ku©
Nidr;f rIqDa&mufzkdY vdktyfwJYtwdki;f tqdkuaf &mufcH&zdkY w&m; jzpfw,f
-vdkY t"dyÜg,f½Swd ,f/
onfawmY ]'ku©ead &m"t&d,opö opäu d mwAÁ uw

ÓPf}-[m ]'ku©Nidr;f &m t&d,mopöm[m tqdkuf
a&mufcHupd ö½w
Sd ,f}-vdkYow
d JY todÓPf&JUtrnf jzpf
w,f/
29/ 'kue© ad &m"t&d,opö opäu d w uwÓP t&d,a0g[m&w¬

uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]'ku©ead &m"t&d,opöopäu

pMumrSm bk&m;a[mw,f/ opäu
d wÓP}-udk "r®
d w teuf[m ]rsuaf rSmuf
jyKNyD;NyD}-vdkY jzpfw,f/
]'ku©ead &m"t&d,opö opäu

d w uwÓP}- t&
aumufwt YJ cgrSm ]'kue© ad &m"t&d,opömudk rsuf
arSmufjyKNyD;oGm;ol bk&m;}-udk aumuf&r,f/

84 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
30/ 'kue© ad &m"*grdeyD #dy'g t&d,opöÓP t&d,a0g[m&w¬

uxm
o
]
nft&d,ma0g[m&udk "r®pMumrSm bk&m;oQifa[mw,f/
'ku©ead &m"*grdeDy#dy'gopöm} t&udk atmufrSm ajymcJYNyD;NyD/
tJonf t&d,opöm&JU opöÓPfukdawmY tJonf t&d
,opömudk 'g[m ]'kuN© idr;f &ma&mufaMumif; tusiYf
t&d,mwdkY&JUtodrSef jzpfw,f}-vdkY odwJY bk&m;&Jt
U od
ÓPf}-&r,/f
31/ 'ku©ead &m"*grdeDy#dy'gt&d,opö bma0wAÁ udpöÓPt&d,

a0g[m&w¬uxm
o nft&d,ma0g[m&udk "r®pMumrSm bk&m;a[mw,f/ ]'ku©

eda&m"*grdeDy#dy'g t&d,opöm}-[m bmvkyfrnfh t&d,
opömvJ-ar;zG,u f kd ajzzdkY ]yGm;rsm;tm;xkwpf &m vkyif ef;½Sd
w,f/ onft&dopöm[m tm;xkwpf &m t&d,opömjzpfw,f}/ 'gudk
]bma0wAÁ}-vdkY ajymwmyJ/
onfyGm;xdkuw f mudk bk&m;u odawmY onftodÓPfukd
]bma0wAÁupd öÓPf}ajym&w,f/
'gaMumifY ]'ku*© grdeyD #dy'gt&d,opöbma0wAÁupd ö
ÓPfukd t&aumufwt YJ cg]'kuN© idr;f &ma&mufaMumif;
tusi?Yf t&d,mtrSeu f kd yGm;xdkuw f ,f-vdkY udpu ö o
kd d
wJY bk&m;&JUtodÓPf}-&r,f/

t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 85
32/ 'ku©ead &m"*grdeDy#dy'g t&d,opö bm0dw uwÓP

t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
o nf t&d,a0g[m&udk "r®pMumrSm bk&m;a[mw,f/ ]'ku©

eda&m"*grdeDy#dy'g t&d,opö}-udk teufazmfNyD;cJYNyD/
]bm0dw uwÓP}-udk teufazmf&rSmyJ/
t&d,mwdkY trSeo f pöm[m yGm;rsm; tm;xkwt f yfwm
jzpfwYJ jrwfpmG bk&m;u yGm;rsm;wJv Y kyif ef;udk vkywf m
rSm? yGm;rsm;tm;xkwv f kYd NyD;oGm;cJw
Y m jzpfw,f/ tJ'g
udk jrwfpmG bk&m;&JUtodxrJ mS ]NyD;oGm;cJNY yD}-vdko Y w
d YJ
todÓPf}-[m ]bm0dwuwÓPf} jzpfw,f/
33/ ,HuÚd dö ork',"r®H oAÁH wH eda&m""r® t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
o nft&d,ma0g[m&udk "r®pMumrSm bk&m;udk ½Siaf um@n

ajymcJYwJYpum;rSm vmw,f/ ork',"r® t&aumuf&mrSm
ork',opöm aumufvkdYvnf; &Edkiw f ,f/ ork',opömaMumifY jzpf&
wJY'ku©-aumufvkdYvnf; &Edkiwf ,f/
onfrSm ]ork',}-eJY ]"r®}udk t&wlr,lbJ ]ork
',aMumifjY zpfwYJ ]'ku"© r®}-udk aumufrS oifrY ,f/
edAÁmef[m emrnfukd,w f kdiu
f ]'ku©ead &m"='ku©csKyfjcif;}vdkY
jzpfvkdYyJ/
]oAÁH wH eda&m" "r®}H teufu ]tJonf'ku© tukef
vkH;csKyfwJYobm0}-yJ vdkY jzpfw,f/

86 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
onfrmS ]"r®pum;} ESpv

f k;H ygw,f/ a½SU"r®u ]'kuo
© bm0}?
aemuf"r®u ]eda&m"obm0} jycsuf jzpfw,f/
34/ vab,sm[H baEÅ b*0awm oEÅad u yAÁZÆ t&d,a0g[m&w¬

uxm
y AÁZÆ-qdkwJY t&d,a0g[m&udk "r®pMumrSmbk&m;xH ½Siaf um

@n ajymqdkpum;rSm vmw,f/ ]yAÁZ}Æ -teuf[m ]udk&if}-
vdkY todrsm;Muwmyg/
udk&if[m &[ef;r[kwb f l;/ vlvnf; r[kwb f l;/ OyorÜEé
tjzpf todrSwfcH&ol[m &[ef;yJ/ udk&ifu tJonfvdk cH&NyD;ol
r[kwb f l;/
vl[m OygoumyJ/ udk&ifu Oygoumvnf; r[kwb f l;/
onfvkdqkdawmY udk&ifu 0daoo bmvJ/ ]w&m;usiYfaeol}-[m
udk&iftjzpfy/J Oygoumvnf; w&m;usiw Yf myJ/ udk&ifu oltY wGuyf J
w&m;usiw Yf m r[kwb f ;l / Oygoumu olt Y wGuyf J w&m;usiw Yf myJ/
onfawmY Oygoumxuf udk&ifu xl;wmyJ/
OyorÜEéeJY udk&ifu bmxl;ovJqkdvsif OyorÜEé[m olYt

wGuyf J w&m;usiYfol r[kwb f l;/ udk&ifu t½G,rf jynfhao;wJY t
wGuf olYtwGuyf J w&m;usiYfol r[kwaf o;ayrJY olYtwGuyf J usiYf
ae&wm[m OyorÜEéeJY xl;wmyJ/ onfawmY yAÁZÆukd ]udk&if}-vdkY
ajymwm tawmfoifYavsmw f myJ/

t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 87
'gayrJY onfrSm yAÁZÆteuf[m ]udk&if}vdkYr[kwb f l;?

]w&m;usiYcf GiYf &ygap}-vdkY jzpfw,f/ ]toQifbk&m;
txHrmS w&m;usicYf iG Yf &yg&ap}-vdkaY jymqdkcsuf jzpf
w,f/
35/ vab,sH OyorÜEé t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
v ab,sH OyorÜEéH- t&d,a0g[m&udk "r®pMumrSm bk&m;udk

½Siaf um@n avQmufxm;wmrSm yg0ifw,f/ onfrSm ]Oy
orÜEé} teufudk azmf&r,f/ ]OyorÜEé}-udk a½S;tcgu ]&[ef;}-
vdkYyJ odMuw,f/ &[ef;qdkwmu ½kV§Dpum; jzpfrSmyJ/
wdku½f kduf ]&[ef;tjzpf}-vdkY ajymcsiw f mqdkvsif ]bdu©K?

orP? ,wd-a0g[m&awGeJY ajymvdkY&wmyJ/ ]OyorÜEé}-[m o'´g
euft&qdkvsif ]jynfhpkHjcif;}yJ/ ]"r®ukdcsO;f uyfwJYtcg tjynfhcsO;f uyf
oltjzpf}-vdkY &zdkY½Sw
d ,f/ ]"r®ukd &,l½kHrQru "r® r&ao;olrsm;
&apzdkY txd "r®wm0efxrf;vkyfoludk "r®udk tjynfhcsOf;uyfol
OyorÜEé} jzpfaewm awGU&w,f/
'gaMumifY ]OyorÜE}é -[m "r®ukd ,lcgrQrubJ "r®

wm0efyg ,lwt YJ wGuf ]"r®0efxrf;tjzpf&UJ trnf}
jzpfw,f/

88 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
onfo[ l m ]&[ef;}-jzpfaeawmY ]OyorÜE}é -udk ]&[ef;}-

vdkY odMujcif;jzpfw,f/ jrwfpGmbk&m;u olvnf; ] OyorÜEjé zpfw,f}
d ,f/ 'gvnf; ]olvnf; "r®0efxrf; jzpfw,f} ajymcJcY suf
ajymcJcY suf ½Sw
jzpfzG,f ½Sdw,f/ olvnf; olYb0udk "r®twGuf ay;tyfxm;ol
r[kwyf gvm;/
Ä«tydk'f 114/ OyorÜEé-udkvnf; MunfYyg»

t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 89

90 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
tcef;(4)
tewåvu©Pa'oem t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
36/ ½ly a0'em onm ocFg& 0dnmP t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
o nft&d,a0g[m&udk ]tewåvu©Pa'oem}-rSm bk&m;a[m

cJYw,f/ ½ly-a0'em-onm-ocFg&-0dnmP t&awG
aumuf&r,f/
½ly-a0'em-onm-ocFg&-0dnmP-vdkY a[mayrJY ½kyrf eS o
f rQ
tp½Sw
d mawG aumuf&rSm r[kwbf l;/
]½ly-a0'em-onm pwmawG a[mwmyJ/ b,faY MumifY ½kyrf eS f
orQ? a0'emrSeo
f rQ tppawG tukerf aumufcsi&f ovJ}-ar;zdkYyJ/
tewåvu©P w&m;a[mol? w&m;emoleJY w&m;a[mwJY

ae&mawGu "r®pMumeJY rjcm;Mubl;/ w&m;a[mcsed u f av;yJ wcsed pf D
jzpfw,f/ 'gvnf; awmufavsmufvkdY ajymEdkiw f JYtaerSm ½Sw d ,f/
onfawmY ]onf½ky-f a0'emtp½Sw d mawG[m ]ydki;f jcm;todc&H rnfu
h pd ö
½Sw
d JY 'ku©t&d,opömxdkuw
f JY w&m;}-yJ/
onfrSm ½kyf-a0'em tp½SdwmawG[m ]tewåvu©Pm ½Sd

aMumif;} a[majymaewmawGqkdawmY ½kytf p½Sw
d mawGukd ydki;f jcm;od
ykH tjcif;t&mawG ajymaew,f r[kwv f m;/ 'gaMumifY ½ky-f a0'em
pwJY a[majymcsu[ f m-

t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 91
]½kyw
f kid ;f ?a0'emwdki;f -pwmawG ,lvkrYd &bl;/ ydki;f jcm;
todcHupd ö½w
Sd JY 'ku©t&d,opömxdkuw
f JY ½ky-f a0'em
tppudkom ,l&r,f}-qdkwm odNyD;jzpfw,f/
tJonf ½ky-f a0'emtp½Sw d mawGu ]Oyg'gef&JUtm½kHjzpfwJY

odkYr[kwf ]Oyg'gefaMumifY jzpfwJY ½kyf-a0'em tppawGyJ} onfrSm
,l&r,f/ Oyg'geu©Em¨ jzpfwYJ ½ky-f a0'em tppcE¨mawGaygY/ ½lykyg'ge
u©E¨m? a0'Ekyg'geu©E¨m? onkyg'geu©E¨m?ocFg½kyg'geu©E¨m?0dnmPk
yg'geu©E¨mxdkuwf JY ½ly-a0'em-onm-ocFg&-0dnmPyJ ,l&r,f/
'gvnf; ½Si;f zdkYvkdOD;r,f/ Oyg'gef&JUtm½kHjzpfwJY ½ky-f a0'em

pwmawGu bmvJ¿ Oyg'gefaMumifYjzpfwJY½kyf-a0'em pwmawGu
bmvJ/ onfvkd ar;p&m ½Sw d ef&mw,f/ Oyg'gef&JUtm½kH jzpfwmawG
uvnf; uHeJY0yd gufawGyJ/ onfawmY uHeJY0yd gufxkduw f JY ½kyçf a0'em
pwmawGvkdY ajz&r,f/onfawmY ]Oyg'geu©E¨m}-qdkwm ]uH-0dyguf
xdkuw
f JY ½ky-f a0'em pwmawGukd ½lykyg'geu©E¨m? a0'Ekyg'geu©E¨m?
onkyg'geu©E¨m?ocFg½kyg'geu©E¨m?0dnmPkyg'geu©E¨m ac:&wmyJ/
onfawmY onfrSm ]½ly}-vdkY bk&m;ua[mayrJY OwkZ½kyf

awG? tm[m&Z½kyaf wG &rSmr[kwb f l;/ a0'em-onm-ocFg&-0dnm
P-vdkY a[mayrJY Bud,mpdw?f r*fpwd ?f zdkvpf w
d af wGeJY tJonfpw
d af wG
eJY twljzpfwJY a0'em-onm-ocFg&awG ygMurSm r[kwfMubl;/

92 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
tJ'gawG[m ½lyyk g'geu©Em¨ ? a0'Ekyg'geu©Em¨ ? onkyg'geu©Em¨ ?ocFg½k

yg'geu©E¨m?0dnmPkyg'geu©E¨mxdkuw f JY w&m;awG r[kwMf uvdkYyJ/
'gaMumifY bk&m;u ]½lyça0'em}tp½Sw d JYtwdki;f a[m

vdkuaf yrJY tJonfa[mMum;csu&f UJ teuftw¬o ¬ &d rSm
u ]½lykyg'geu©Em¨ xdkuw f YJ ½ly? a0'Ekyg'geu©Em¨
xdkuw f YJ a0'em? onkyg'geu©Em¨ xdkuw f YJ onm?
ocFg½kyg'geu©E¨mxdkuw f JY ocFg&?0dnmPkyg'geu©Em¨
xdkuw f JY 0dnmP}-vdkYyJ jzpfw,f/
37/ tewå t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t ewå-qdkwYJ t&d,a0g[m&udk tewåvu©Pa'oemrSm bk&m;

a[mw,f/ tewå&JUteuf azmf&r,f/ ]tom& uaw¬e
tewåm}-vdkY a½S;u azmfcJYcsuf ½dSw,f/
]tewåqkwd m tESprf jYJ cif;}-vdkaY ygY/ wu,f tewå&UJ qkvd kcd suf
ra&mufbl;/ wu,fawmY bk&m;a[mcJYcsut f wdki;f ]e ar twåm
tewåm}-vdkY vkyx
f kduw
f ,f/ ]igYukd,rf [kww f m[m tewå}-vdkYaygY/
tewå[m ]igYukd,rf [kw}f -qdkwJY t"dyÜg,f½Sw d ,f/ tJonf tewå
vu©Pm&JU vu©Pm½Sifudk Munfhvsif tJonf vu©Pm½Sif[m igY
udk,rf [kwwf m taotcsm awGU&r,f/

t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 93
tJ'g enf;enf;ajym&atmif/ Oyg'gef ½kyçf a0'em tppawG

[m ]ig}? 'grSr[kwf ]igYukd,}f -r[kwMf ubl;/ ]ig}-wdkY? ]igYukd,}f -
wdkY ajymae&wm pum;vk;H Muyfygw,f/onfx h ufay:atmif ajymMunfh
r,f/ tJ'gawG[m ] vleYJ vlvkyyf pön;f awG r[kwMf ubl;}/ tJ'gawG[m
uHeJY0yd guf xdkuw
f mawGqkdawmY uHeJY0yd gufawGukd vlawG vkyEf kdiMf u
ovm;? uHeJY0yd gufawG[m vlvkyyf pön;f awGvm;-aygY/
][kww f maygY}-vdkY vkyrf Md urvm;yJ/

bk&m;nTejf ycsurf mS ]uHukd vlu vkyvf krYd &bl;}/ 0dygufvnf;
onfvkdyJ/ 'gawGu Oyg'gefaMumifYjzpfwJY w&m;awGyJ/ Oyg'gefu
vnf; vlr[kwb f l;/ vlvkyyf pön;f vnf; r[kwb f l; uH-0dygufawG
aMumifY jzpf&wmawGyJ/ 'g-bk&m;a[mwmyJ/
tJ'gudk Ak'¨bmom0ifawG rMum;Mubl;/ 'gaMumifY tJonf

a[mMum;csufeJY tavsmf rqifjcifMubl;/ 'gaMumifY tJ'grodMubJ
½SMd uw,f/ uHç0dygufawG[m vlawGrmS jzpfMuwmawGawmY trSeyf /J
vlrSm jzpfumrQeJY uHeJY0yd guf[m vljzpfw,f? vlvkyyf pön;f jzpfw,f
xifrw d m vGew
f ,f/ uH-0dygufr[kww f JY ukeo
f G,rf I? v,fvkyrf IawG
urS vlr[kwaf yrJY vlvkyyf pön;f jzpfao;w,f ajym&r,f/ uHeJY
0dygufu tJonfvdk vlvkyfypönf;awmif r[kwfwm ppfMunfhvsif
odrSmyJ/

94 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
tJ'gawG[m vlvkyyf pön;f r[kww

f JYtwGuf vlu vkyv f kdYukd
r&wJYtvkyf jzpfw,f/ Oyrmajym&vsif vlrSmjzpfwJY Adkufem-acgif;
udkuf a&m*gawGvkdyJ/ tJ'gawG[m vlu vkyv f kdYr&bl;/olYtaMumif;
eJYolyJ jzpfw,f/
uHeJY0yd gufvnf; vlrSmjzpfayrJY vlu uHeJY0yd gufukd vkyv f kdY

r&bl;/ olYtaMumif;½SdrS uHeJY0dyguf jzpfw,f/ olYtaMumif; r½SdbJ
jzpfvkdYr&bl;/ olYtaMumif;u Oyg'gefyJ/ Oyg'gefr½Sv d sif uHeJY0yd guf
rjzpfbl;/ Oyg'gefuvnf; uH-0dygufaMumifYjzpfwJY w&m;yJ/ olwkdYu
puf,EÅ&m; jzpfaew,f/
Oyg'gefaMumifY uH-0dyguf? uH-0dygufaMumifY Oyg'gef? onfvkd

taMumif;aMumifYjzpfwJY w&m;awGyJ/ vlvkyyf pön;f r[kwMf ubl;/
vlqkdwmu a0vma0;? vl r[kwMf ubl;/
'gaMumifY ]tewå}-qdkwJY pum;[m ]vlr[kwb f l;}-

qdkwJY t"dyÜg,f½w
Sd JY pum;yJ/ tewåxkduwf JY w&m;
awGu Oyg'geu©Em¨ jzpfawmY Oyg'geu©Em¨ awG&UJ rSwf
p&m vu©PmawG[m ]vlr[kww f JY w&m;awG}-vdkY
d m jzpfw,faygY/
rSwpf &m½Sw
Oyg'geu©E¨mawG[m udk,YfrSmjzpfaevnf; ]udk,rf [kw}f vdkY
]tewå}-ajym&ovdk olrsm;rSmjzpfaevnf; ]olrsm;r[kww
f mawG}yJ/

t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 95
'gaMumifY tewåukd ]igr[kw}f -vdkYom rjyefbJ ]vl

r[kw}f -vdkY jyefvkud w
f myJ/ vlrmS jzpfaeayrJY tJonf
jzpfaewJY ]Oyg'geu©E¨mawG[m vlr[kwb f l;}- vdkY
ajymwm jzpfvkyYd /J
38/ tedpö t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t edp-ö udk tewåvu©Pma'oemrSm bk&m;a[mw,f/ ]jzpfNyD;

r½Sw d m}-udk ]tedpw
ö }¬ -vdkY ][kwmG tbm0w¬}-qdkNyD; a½S;u
azmfMuw,f/ jzpfNyD; r½Sdwm[m tedpövu©Pmjzpfvsif 'godzdkY
bk&m;a[maezdkY r½Sad tmif jzpfrSmyJ/
onfvdk rajymEdkifatmif ]tedpövu©Pm½Sif[m orkwdawG

r[kwf&bl;? y&rwfawGjzpf&r,f}-ajymw,f/ y&rwf&JUjzpfysufu
jrefw,f/ onfawmY vlawG tJ'g rodvdkufatmif jzpfMuw,f/
wDAGDrSmay:aewJY t½kyfeJY tJonft½kyfjzpfay:wJY vQyfppftvif;puf
uav;awGvkdaygY/ t½kyw f pfckrSm tvif;pufaygif; axmifcsDaomif;
csDNyD; ½Sdw,f/ tJonf tvif;pufawGuvnf; wNydKifeufjzpfwm
r[kwfbl;/ wpfpufNyD;rS wpfpufjzpfw,f/
'gawGu jrefvGe;f awmY rsupf ed JY tJ'gawG rjrifbl;/ tJ'gawG
wNydKifeufjzpfw,fvdkYyJ jrifw,f/ tJonfawmYvnf; tvif;puf
wpfpufcsi;f jrifwm r[kwaf wmYbJ aygif;NyD;jrifw,f/ tJonfawmY
t½kyjf rifwm jzpfwmaygY/

96 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
tJonfvdkyJ taztarudk odw,f? om;orD;udk odw,f-

qdkwmvnf; tvif;puf aomif;ode;f aygif;NyD;jrifwJY t½kyv f kdyJ pdwf
tjzpftysufawG uka#uk#mudk aygif;odwJY todawGyJ/ tJ'gawG&JU
jzpfysufodvdkY tedpöjrifwm r[kwfbl;/ tJonftod&JU tpdwftydkif;
jzpfwJY ½kyef mrfawG&JU tjzpftysuo
f rd S ]tedpöow
d m jzpfw,f}- ajym
Muw,f/
tJonftedpöu ½kyef mrfukdvkduMf unfhaewJY a,m*udk usiYfrS

jzpfEdkifwmyJ/ tJ'godawmYvnf; bmtusdK;&rvJ-ar;awmY ]'ku?©
te&d,? tew¬o[ d }-vdkY bk&m;ajymygw,f/
H w
'gaMumifY tedp&ö UJ teuf[m avmurSmray:bl;- ajym&r,f/

onfvkdqkdawmY tedpö&JUteuf[m vlrodEkdiaf tmif ikyo f vm;? usÚ;f
ajrmif;Muyfwnf;ovm; qdkawmYvnf; onfvkdr[kwjf yefbl;/ tedpö&JU
teuf[m cufaewmu taMumif;½Sw d ,f/ tJ'gu tedpv
ö u©Pm[m
tJonfvu©Pm&JU vu©Pm½Siu f kd rodMuvdkYyJ/
tJ'g r,kHr½SMd ueJY/ tedpövu©Pm&JU vu©Pm½Siu f kd rodMu

bl;/ rodvkdY qdkYtxm;cH&wJYw&m;? ajymvsif ½Si;f oGm;rSmyJ/ tJ'g
bmvJ/
]'ka0opömed 0kwåmed orÁKa'¨g 0'wH 0a&m?
orkwð y&rw¬Úö? wwd,H EkyvAÇwd}/

t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 97
tJ'gaygY/ ]avmurSm opömESpyf g;omyJ ½Sw d ,f? ok;H ckajrmuf

opöm r&xdku}f -qdkwmaygY/ tedpövu©Pm&JU vu©Pm½Si[ f m orkwd
r[kwv f sif y&rwfopömyJ jzpf&awmYr,f r[kwv f m;/ wwd,opöm
rS r½Sw
d muyJ/
wu,fu-
]wDPo d pömed 0kwåmed orÁKa'¨g 0'wH 0a&m? orkwð
y&rw¬Úö t&d,H OyvAÇw}d -vdkY vky&f rSm/
]wwd,opömudk rodvkdY r½Sb

d l;}-ajymwmyJ/
bk&m;u ]wwd,opöm}-udk azmfxkwo f yl /J omoem
rSm yXreJ'Y kw,
d opömawG[m ]tEÅ"r®}awGjzpfw,f/
]wwd,opömomvsif rZÑdy#dy'gjzpfw,f} a[mcJY
wmyJ/
'gudk "r®pMumudk oabmaygufatmifemvsif odp&myJ/
wwd,opömjzpfwYJ t&d,opömxJu 'kut © &d,opöm t&[m

Oyg'geu©E¨mjzpfw,f-qdkvsif tJonfOyg'geu©E¨m[m oHom&tjzpf
ajy;vTm;aewJw Y &m;yJ/ajy;vTm;aerSawmY yku
H vnf; wpfckck ay:&awmY
rSmaygY/ ck;d qdk;Oyg'geu©E¨mawG oHom& jzpfNyD; ajy;vTm;aew,fqkdvsif
olckd;?olqkd;?wapä?o&JykH ay:rSmaygY/
onfykHawGukd vlawGrjrifMuvdkYvm;/ jrifayrJY 'gawGukd o

98 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
½kyrf uGJbl;/ wapä?o&J?bDvl;?obufykH aygufaeayrJY vlawmY vlyg

yJ-vdkY odaeMuw,f/ wapä?o&Jqkw d mawGu vlt Y jyifbufrmS oD;jcm;
½SdwJY taumifawGvdkY odMuw,f/ onfvlawG[m wapä? o&JawG
r[kwfbl;-vdkYaygY/
onfvkdjzpfwm r*¾t&d,opömrsupf d r½SMd uvdkYjzpfw,f/ r*¾

t&d,opömrsupf ad ygufNyD;ol jzpfvsif wapä?o&J?bDvl;?obuf? ewf
a'0g? jA[®mawGukd jyufjyufxifxif jrifw,f/ tJ'gawGuvlay:rSm
rSDNyD;jzpfaewmawG tjzpfvnf; jrifw,f/ 'gawG tyl;cHae&wm jrif
vdkoY m vlay:yl;aewJY tJonftjzpfawGtjzpf xifatmif ajy;vTm;aewJY
Oyg'geu©E¨mawGukd ]'ku©t&d,opöm}-vdkY ajym&wmaygY/
onfOyg'geu©Em¨ awG&UJ usiv f nfajy;vTm;rIaMumifY ay:xGuf

vmwJY ykHawG[m txift½Sm;jzpfw,f/ tJ'gudk ]owå0g}ac:wmyJ/
wapä?o&J?i&J?wd&pämef? tol&um,f?a'0g?jA[®m-tm;vkH;yJ/ onft
aumifyavmifawG[m olwkdY jzpfMuNyDqkdvsi?f vl[m vlYtodtaysmuf
qk;H cH&w,f/olwtkYd jzpfawG[m wcsKd Uqkv
d siaf umif;w,f r[kwv f m;-
ar;p&m½Swd ,f/ ok*wdowå0gawG qdkvsiaf ygY/ tJ'g tJonfowå0gudk
rodvkdY xifwmrQyJ-vdkY ajym&r,f/
a'0gowå0gudk Munfhrvm;/ umrtm½kHaumif;awGukd yef;

wdkix
f m;NyD; vIy½f Sm;aewJY owå0gyJ/ umrcsr;f om[m olYaemufvkduf

t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 99
olukd tusKd ;rJYapw,f/ ½lyg½ly jA[®mowå0gudk Munfhrvm;/ todeJY

t½Sd wpfckckudk azsmufzsufaeolawGyJ/ ½lyjA[®m owå0gqdkvsif
CmeçZd0Smçum, yom'awGawmif rJYMuolawG? t½lyjA[®m owå0g
'ku©w
d awGqkdwm rxif½Sm;bl;vm;/
tJonfokH;q,fYwpfbkHom;owå0g jzpf&wm[m 'ku©

a&muf&wmyJ/ tJonf'ku© b,fu&wmvJ-ar;vsif
Oyg'geu©Em¨ oHom&jzpfwYJ ajy;vTm;jzpfymG ;rIu &wm
awGyJ/ onfawmY Oyg'geu©Em¨ [m ]tzsuw f &m;}
jzpfaewm xif½Sm;w,f/ NyD;awmY onfOyg'geu©E¨m
awG[m vlvnf; r[kwb f l;/ vlr[kwaf yrJY vlay:
wufNyD; ol[Y mol jzpfxeG ;f aew,f/
xef;yifrmS aygufwYJ anmifyifvkyd /J yXrawmY xef;vufMum;

tpdk"mwfrSDNyD; aygufw,f/ aemufawmY xef;yifukd anmifyifu rsKd
w,f/ xef;yif tpmr&atmifvkyNf yD; xef;yifukd anmifyifu owf
w,f/ vlay:rSmjzpfwJY Oyg'geu©E¨muvnf; vlukdzsuw f JYcE¨m jzpf
w,f/
'gaMumifY Oyg'geu©E¨mjzpfwJY ½ky-f a0'em-onm-ocFg&-
0dnmPawG[m ysupf D;wmawGvm;? aumif;rGew f kd;wufwmawGvm;?
ar;wmudk yÚö0*¾aD wGu ]ysupf ;D wmawGyg bk&m;}-vdkY ]tedpHö baEÅ}-
vdkY avQmufxm;MuwmyJ/

100 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
onfawmYtedpö&JUteuf[m ]jzpfysu}f -qdkwJY ][kwGm

tbm0} r[kw&f ygbl;/ onfOyg'geu©E¨m jzpfysuf
oGm;vkYd Oyg'geu©Em¨ udk tedp-ö vdkaY jymwm r[kwf
bl;/ ]Oyg'geu©Em¨ u vlukd tzsuv f kyif ef;jzpfapwJY
cE¨mjzpfvkYd tedp}ö - ajym&wmjzpfw,f/
onfOyg'geu©Em¨ awG usiv f nfajy;vTm;aevdkY jzpfymG ;wJY owå

0gtjzpf[m jzpfysuo f Gm;w,f-qdkwJY jzpfNyD; r½Sod Gm;wm r[kwb f l;/
wDAGDpu&ifrSm ay:aewJYt½kyfvdkyJ/ vQyfppftpufawG ysufaevdkY
t½kyyf suwf m r[kwb f l;/onft½kyf tvkyv f kyrf IawGu tJonft½kyf
eJYtwl yg0ifwJY Zmwfvrf;xJu wjcm;t½kyaf wGukd ysupf D;apwmrsKd ;
vkyvf siof m ]ysupf D;w,f} ajym&rSmjzpfw,f/ ]ysuw f ,f}-qdkayrJY
tJonf ysufwJYtaumif[m r½Sdaewm r[kwfbl;yJ/
Oyg'geuE© m¨ &JU tedp[

ö m a&m*gb,&JUysupf ;D rI tedpö
eJY wlw,f/a&m*gb,[m ysupf ;D w,f-qdkayrJY a&m
*gr½Sod Gm;wm r[kwb f l;/]vlukd ysupf D;apwJYtwGuf
]ysupf ;D w,f} ajym&wmrQyJ/ Oyg'geu©Em¨ [m onf
vdkysupf ;D rI tedpjö zpfw,f}-vdkY tedpt ö eufukd em;
vnf&r,f/

t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm 101
39/ 'ku©vu©P t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]'ku©vu©P}-udk tewåvu©Pa'oemrSm

bk&m;a[mw,f/ 'ku©ukd teufazmfwJYtcg ]qif;&Jjcif;}-
vdkY azmfMuw,f/ aMumufp&mjzpfw,faygY/ jzpfysuw
f kdY&JU ESyd pf uf'Pf
twefwefcH&jcif;-vdkYvnf; ajymMuw,f/
Y rI jzpfjcif;? qd;k 0g;jcif;}-vdkY teuf

wu,fawmY ] raumif;wJt
jyef&zdkY ½Sw
d ,f/ 'ku©vu©Pm&JU vu©Pm½Si[ f m tedpö-tewå vu©
PmawG&JU vu©Pm½Sief JYxyfwl ]Oyg'geu©E¨m}awGyJ jzpfw,f/ ]Oyg
'geu©Em¨ awG[m qdk;0g;Muw,f}/ a&m*gb,awG[m qdk;0g;Muw,f
tajymcH&ovdk?Oyg'geu©E¨mawG[mvnf; qdk;0g;w,f-tajymcH&rSm
awG jzpfw,f/
]b,fvkd qdk;0g;ovJ}-ar;zG,yf gyJ/

Oyg'geu©E¨mawG[m vlukd vltjzpf aysmufapNyD;?
owå0gtjzpf a&mufapvdkyY /J vlukd okH;q,fYwpfbkH
owå0gtjzpf a&mufapwm[m Oyg'geu©Em¨ yJ jzpf
w,f/ Oyg'geu©E¨m r½Sv d sif okH;q,fYwpfbkH owå0g
tjzpf&,fvkYd vlrmS r½SEd kid &f bl;/
'gawGaMumifY ]Oyg'geu©Em¨ jzpfwYJ ½ky-f a0'em-onm-ocFg
&-0dnmPawG[m 'kuv © m;-okcvm;}- ar;wJt Y cg ]'kua© ygY bk&m;}
-vdkY yÚö0*¾DwdkY ajzMuwmjzpfw,f/

tJonf ]'ku©vu©Pm[m Oyg'geu©E¨mwdkY&JU vu©

PmyJ/ qdk;0g;Muw,f}-qdkwJY rSwpf &m½Sw
d JY cE¨mawG}
-vdkY qdkvkdw,f/
40/ 0dy&dPmr"r® t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxmo
o nfa0g[m&vnf; tewåvu©Pa'oemrSm bk&m;a[mw,f/

'g&JUteufvnf; azmf&r,f/ ]0dy&dPmr"r®}-[m tewå"r®yJ
jzpfw,f/ ]0dy&dPmr=azmufjyefw,f}-vdkY o'´gu xGurf ,f/ b,f
vdk azmufjyefwmvJ-ar;vsif ]vlr[kwb
f J vlvkYd xifjrifrw
S ,
f w
l m[m
azmufjyefwmyJ}-aygY/
Oyg'geu©Em¨ rSm vufajc½Sw

d m r[kwb f ;l / yg;pyf-OD;
aESmufvnf; onfvkyd J/ 'gayrJY jyKrl-oGm;vm-ajym
qdk-awG;BuHwmawG vkyaf wmY vlr[kwb f ;l rrSwEf kid f
awmYbJ ]vl}-vdkY rSwx
f ifcH&wm ]azmufjyefwm}yJ/
]azmufjyefwwYJ &m;}-qdkwm ]tewå"r®}-yJ jzpfw,f/
41/ {wH rr t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,ma0g[m& ]{wH rr}-qdkwmudk tewåvu©P a'oem

rSm bk&m;a[mw,f/ ]{wH rr}-rSm ]{wH}-&JUtpG[
J m tedpö
-'ku©-0dy&dPmrtewåjzpfwJY Oyg'geu©E¨mawGyJ &r,f/

]tJonf Oyg'geu©Em¨ awGukd onfvk½d jI rifvkYd awmfygYrvm;}-

vdkY bk&m;u tar;xkww f ,f/
b,fvdk ½Ijrif&rvJ¿qdkawmY ]rr}-vdkY ½Ijrifw,faygY/
]rr}-qdkwm ]igY[m}-qdkwJY jrefrmpum;&JU t"dyÜg,fyJ/

bmudk ]igY[m}-vdkY ½IjrifwmvJ-qdkawmY Oyg'geu©E¨m ½ky-f
a0'em pwmawGudkaygY/
]ig ukeo
f G,v f ,fvkyx f m;vdkY &wJYypön;f udk ]igY[m}-½Iwm
r[kwv f m;-ar;csizf ,G f ½Sw
d ,f/ r[kwb f l;-ajym&r,f/ ig,lxm;wJY
r,m;çvifeJY om;orD;[m ]igY[m}-,lvkdY rawmfbl; ajymrvm;/
awmfvsif tJ'gawGukd bmawGvkdY ½Ijrif&rvJaygY/ 'gawGukd ]igY[m}-
½IjrifvdkY roifYbl;ajymwm r[kwfbl;/
]rdru
d k,
d rf Sm jzpfwnfaeMuwJY Oyg'geu©E¨mawG[m
jzpfwnfaeMuwm jzpfayrJY udk,[ Yf mawG r[kwb f l;?
a&m*gawG udk,Yrf Smjzpfaevsif a&m*g[m udk,Y[ f mr
[kwo f vdk ]udk,Y[
f m}-vdkY ½IjrifvkdY rawmfbl;}-ajym
wm jzpfw,f/
onfvkd ]igY[m}-½IjrifvkdY rawmfyJ ½Ijrifrw

d m[m onm
azmufjyefvdkYyJ/ onm0dyÜv’mo jzpfvkdYaygY/

42/ {aom[ ro®d t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]{aom[ ro®}d -qdkwJYpum;udk tewåvu©

Pm a'oemrSm bk&m;a[mw,f/ onfpum;rSm ]{aom}-
yk'ef JY pGJ&rnfhteufu tedpö-'ku©-0dy&dPmr jzpfwJY Oyg'geu©E¨m
jzpfw,f/
]onfOyg'geu©Em¨ jzpfwYJ ½ky-f a0'em-onm-ocFg&-0dnmP
awG[m onfvkd½IjrifvkdY awmfygYrvm;}-ar;wmyJ/ b,fvkd ½Ijrif&
rvJ-qdkawmY ]ig}-vdykY /J ]igjzpfw,f}-vdakY ygY/ ]t[o®=d igjzpfw,f}-
vdkYyJ/
bmudk ]t[o®}d -vkyv

f sif roifaY vsmwf mvJ-qdkawmY Oyg'ge
u©E¨mawGukd ]igjzpfw,f}-vkyvf kdY roifYavsmwf maygY/ udk,Yfukd,u
f kd
igjzpfw,f-vkyfwm roifYawmfbl; xifNyD; y,fMuw,f/ tJ'gudk
]igjzpfw,f}-rxifvsif bmjzpfw,f xif&rvJ/ onfvkdtar; ajz
p&m r½SdMubl;/
wu,fu udk,Yfukd,u f kd igjzpfw,f-rxif&rSm r[kwb f l;/

udk,Yfukd,af y:rSmrSDNyD; jzpfaewJY Oyg'geu©E¨mudk rodawmY tJonf
Oyg'geu©Em¨ udkyJ ]igjzpfw,f}-qdkwm rxif&rSm/ tJonfOyg'geu©Em¨
uawmY olYtaMumif;aMumifYjzpfwJY w&m;yJ/ 'gaMumifY b,frSm
igjzpfw,f-vkyfvdkY jzpfygYrvJ/ onfvdk ]ig}-vkyfvdkY rjzpfwJY olY
taMumif;eJYoljzpfwJY ]Oyg'geu©E¨mudk igjzpfw,fvkyv f kdY rawmfbl;}-

vdkY yÚö0*¾DawGu avQmufxm;Muwm jzpfw,f/

igYuk,
d rf mS jzpfwYJ igr[kww f YJ Oyg'geu©Em¨ [m pdwf
tjrifrmS ESpcf kuaJG tmif rcGwJ wfp&m jzpfw,f/ ]'g
aMumifY igeJY igYrmS jzpfwYJ Oyg'geu©Em¨ udk wpfckwnf;
xifNyD; Oyg'geu©Em¨ ½ky-f a0'em pwmawG[m ]ig
jzpfw,f}-,lwm[m ]pdwaf zmufjyefvkYd jzpfw,f}-
ajym&w,f/ pdwå0yd v Ü m’ o jzpfvkaYd yg Y/
43/ {aomar twåm t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
o nft&d,ma0g[m&udk tewåvu©Pma'oemrSm bk&m;

a[mw,f/ ]{aom ar twåm}-&JU teuf azmfjy&r,f/
onfrSm ]{aom}-&JU t&[m Oyg'geu©E¨mxdkuw f JY tedpö-
'ku©-tewå vu©PmawG½Sw d JY ½ky-f a0'em-onm-ocFg&-0dnmP
awGyJaygY/ ]tJ'gawGukd b,fvkdxifvsif rawmfrSm}-wJYvJ/ ]ig=twå
'g rSr[kwf igYudk,f}-vdkY xifvsif rawmfrSmaygY/
Ä]ar twåm}-udk ]ig&JUtwå 'grSr[kwf igYudk,f}-vdkY azmf

&r,f/ Oyg'geu©E¨mawGukd ]igY[meJY ig}-vdkY trSwaf zmufjyef? tod
Ä rSwf&ef/
Oyg'geu©E¨mudk ]'g-igY[m}vdkY onmazmufjyefvsif-wPSm?
Oyg'geu©E¨mudk ]'g-igyJ}-vdkY pdwfazmufjyefvsif-rme?
Oyg'geu©E¨mudk ]'g-igYtjzpf=igYudk,f}-vdkY tjrifazmufjyefvsif-'d|d/

azmufjyefjzpfzdkY yXrqkH; tjrifazmufjyef&wmyJ/ ]tjrif azmufjyef

w,f}-qdkwm ]t,lazmufjyefwm}-aygY/ Oyg'geu©E¨m ½ky-f a0'em
pwmudk azmufjyefwJYtjrift,l ½So d lu b,fvkdjrifvkdY? b,fvkd,l
wmvJ¿
]onfOyg'geu©Em¨ ½ky-f a0'em-onm-ocFg&-0dnmPawG
[m igwdkYrSm tNrJjzpfwnfNyD; ½Sad ewJY[m r[kwaf yrJY? taMumif;oifY
vsif xNyD; jzpfvmS w,f/ xNyD;jzpfvmS wm MunfNh yD;? ol½w
Sd m aocsm
w,f/ 'gayrJY olYudk trdt& prf;erf;MunfhvdkYvnf; r&bl;/ onf
awmY onfOyg'geu©E¨m[m onfudk,f&JU udk,ftppfjzpf&r,f}/
onfvkd todtjrifukd azmfw,f/ onftodtjrif[m rSew f JY

todtjrifvm;-qdkawmY rrSeb
f l;yJ/ vlYukd,&f JU udk,rf [kwb
f l;? b,f
rSmaew,f rodbJ ½Sad ewm qdkwmvnf; rrSeb f l;/
Oyg'geu©E¨m[m vlr[kwb f l;yJ/vlr[kwaf yrJY vlrSm

uyfNyD; jzpfwnfw,f/olYoabmeJY olwnfwmyJ/ olY
taMumif;&vdkY oljzpfw,f/ wpfcg oljzpfvkYd olY t
aMumif;ay:w,f/ onfvkd tjyeftvSejf yKNyD; jzpfaewJY
t&myJ/ tJ'g[m vlY&JUtwåvkdYqkdwJY ]udk,Y&f JU udk,}f
r[kwb f l;/
oHo&mudkrodvdkY Oyg'geu©E¨m ½kyf-a0'emçpwmawGudk

udk,&Yf UJ twå-vdkY jrifwmjzpfw,f/ onfvkd ]tjrifrmS ;eJY Oyg'geu©Em¨ udk

]udk,&Yf UJ twå}-vdk,Y vl kYd rawmfb;l }-ajymw,f/ 'g[m ]'d|0d yd v
Ü m’ o}
jzpfvkdYaygY/
44/ ,HuÚd öd ½ly t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,ma0g[m& ],HuÚd öd ½lyH}-udk tewåvu©Pa'oemrSm

bk&m; a[mw,f/ onfteufvnf; vGJaumufMuw,f/
],HuÚd ö}d -vdkY ted,wfeJYjywJY ]½lyH}t& ½kyjf zpfvkdY? b,f½kyjf zpfjzpfvkdY
tajy;tvTm; rsupf rd Swd Nf yD; ,lcsiMf uw,f/
wu,fawmY ]½lyH}t& onfvkd r,l&bl;/ ½lykyg'geu©E¨m

xdkuw f JY ½kyu
f kdyJ ,l&r,f/ tJonf½kyuf rS ]'ku©t&d,mopömxdkuw f JY
½ky}f -yJ/ 'grS t½IcHupd ö ½Sad wmYrSmaygY/ tck t½IcHupd ö ½Sv
d kdYom
tJonf (Oyg'geu©E¨m)½kycf yford ;f udk ]igr[kwb f l; ½IMu}-vdkY a[m
wmaygY/
onfawmY ]½lyH}-t& ½kyt f m;vkH; r,l&bJeJY b,fYaMumifY

],HuÚd ö}d -qdkNyD; ]½kyw
f pfpkHwpfck}-vdkY t"dyÜg,f ajym&ovJ-ar;vsif
½lykyg'geu©E¨m½kyrf Smvnf; twdw½f ky-f tem*wf½ky-f ypöKyÜe½f ky?f ta0;
½ky-f teD;½ky?f twGi;f ½ky-f tjyif½ky?f tMurf;½ky-f tEk½ky?f tjrwf½ky-f
t,kwf½kyf-vdkY wpfq,fYwpfaxGawmif jym;wmawG ½SdwmyJ/ ]tJ'g
awG tuke}f -vdkY ajymcsiv f kdY ],HuÚd öd ½lyH oAÁH wH}-vdkY ajymwmyJ/

½kyw
f pfpkHwpfck ],HuÚd öd ½lyH}-qdkvkdY Oyg'geu©E¨m½kyf
a&m? Oyg'geu©Em¨ r[kww f ½YJ kyaf &m-vdkY qdkvkw
d m r
[kwb f l;/]wpfq,fYwpfaxGjym;wJY Oyg'geu©E¨m½kyx f J
u b,f½kyjf zpfjzpf}-vdkY qdkvkdwm jzpfw,f/
45/ ,mumpd a0'em? ,mumpd onm? a, aupd ocFg&m?

,HuÚd öd 0dnmP t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
o nft&d,a0g[m&awGukdvnf; tewåvu©Pokwrf Sm bk&m;

a[mw,f/onft&d,a0g[m&awGvnf; teufazmf&r,f/
Oyg'geu©E¨mxdkuw f JY a0'em-onm-ocFg&eJY0n
d mPawGukd
om onfrSm t&aumuf&r,f/ ,mumpdawG? a,aupdawG? ,HuÚd öd
awG-ajymvdkY wpfpkHwpfckaom a0'em-onm-ocFg&-0dnmPqdkvkdY
Oyg'geu©E¨mr[kww f JY a0'em-onm-ocFg&-0dnmPawG r&bl;/
tJ'gawGu todcHupd ö½Sw

d JY 'ku©t&d,opömxdkuw
f JY w&m;
awG r[kwMf ubl;/onfrSma[mwmu todcHupd ötwGuf odzkdYa[m
wmjzpfvkdYyJ/
onfvkdjzpfvsuf ,mumpd wpfpkHwpf&maom a0'em
-onm pwmawG a[mwmu ]Oyg'geu©E¨mrSev f si?f
a0'em-onm-ocFg&-0dnmPfreS o f rQ tukev
f k;H ygzdk}Y
a[mwmyJ/

jzpfNyD;-jzpfq-J jzpfvwHY jzpfjzpf? wGi;f -jyif? eD;-

a0;? Murf;-Ek? ,kw-f jrwfra½G; tm;vk;H aom a0'Ek
yg'geu©Em¨ ? onkyg'geu©Em¨ ? ocFg½kyg'geu©Em¨ ? 0d
nmPkyg'geu©E¨mawG &zdkYy/J
46/ ½lyo®drÜd edAÁdE´wd t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,ma0g[m& ]½lyo®rd dÜ edAEdÁ w ´ }d -pum;udk tewåvu©Pokwf

rSm bk&m;a[mw,f/ ]½kyrf mS NiD;aiGUw,f}-vdkY teufjyef&rSmyJ/
]½kyrf mS }-qdkvkYd ½kyw
f kid ;f rSmvdkY ,l&rvdkjzpfwm owdxm;&r,f/
Oyg'geu©E¨mjzpfwJY ½kyrf Sm}-vdkYom oday;&rSm jzpfw,f/ NyD;cJYwke;f u
½kyu
f kd zGiYfcJYwmawGtwdki;f aygY/ onf0gus&JUtprSm ]{0HyóH bdu©
a0}-vdkY ygwmqdkawmY-
]½lykyg'geu©E¨mtm;vkH;udk ]igr[kw}f -pwmawGeJY ½I
ol[m ]½kyrf SmNiD;aiGUw,f}-qdkawmY ½lykyg'geu©E¨m
,l&wmyJ/ ]NiD;aiGUw,f}-qdkwm rvdkvm;w,f qkdwm
xif½Sm;wJYpum;yJ/
47/ a0'em,yd? onm,yd? ocFga&okyd? 0dnmPod®rÜd edAÁdE´wd

t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
o nft&d,ma0g[m&awGukd tJonfa'oemrSmyJ bk&m;a[m

w,f/ tJ'gawG&JU teufawGvnf; a0'emwdki;f ? onmwdki;f ?
ocFg&wdki;f ? 0dnmPfwkdi;f r,lrzd kdU owd&&r,f/

½kyu
f kd aumufcJYwJYtwdki;f yJ ]Oyg'geu©E¨mrsm; xdkuf
MuwJY a0'em-onm-ocFg&-0dnmPawG}-udkyJ
aumufMu&r,f/ olwkdYukdvnf; ]{0H yóH}-eJY a[m
Mum;wmawGyJ r[kwv f m;/
48/ 0d&m*g 0drkpöwd t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
o nft&d,ma0g[m&udk tewåvu©Pa'oemrSm bk&m;a[m

w,f/ 'g&JUteufudk ]½lyo®drÜd edAÁdE´wd? ½lyo®drÜd 0d&ZÆwd?
½lyo®rd Ü0d rd kpöw}d jzpf&zdkY½Sw
d ,f/ ]½kyrf mS NiD;aiGU? rwyfpeG ;f ? vGwaf jrmuf
w,f}-aygY/ o'´gvdkawmY enf;enf;vdkr,f/ t"dyÜg,fuawmY 'gyJ/
a0'emçonmçocFg&ç0dnmPwdkYvnf; onftwdki;f yJ/ Oyg

'geu©Em¨ a0'em-onm pwmudk ]igr[kw}f -tppeJ½Y w I YJ t&d,mom
0u tMum;tjrif½o dS [
l m a0'em-onm tppawGrS NiD;aiGU? rwyfpeG ;f ?
vGwfajrmufw,f-vdkY t"dyÜg,fxGuf&r,f/
]vGwaf jrmufw,f}-qdkwm tJonf Oyg'geu©E¨mawG
u vGwaf jrmufwm jzpfw,f/


tcef;(5)
y#dpöorkyÜg'fa'oem t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
49/ t0dZÆm t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t 0dZmÆ }-udk t&d,a0g[m&tjzpf y#dpo

ö rkygÜ 'fa'oemrSm bk&m;
a[mw,f/ onft0dZÆm[m ocFg&&JUtaMumif;w&m;tjzpf
a[mw,f/
t0dZÆm&JU teuftw¬ozd kdYrSm onfvkdeJY rNyD;bl;/ t0dZÆm&JUt

aMumif;u b,folvJ-odzkdYvkdw,f/ 'gu a'oemrSm wdku½f kdurf vm
bl;/ axmufqod&w,f/ 'godrS t0dZÆm&JUteufreS f odr,f/ onfawmY
]Z&mr&P ypö,m t0dZÆm? t0dZÆm ypö,m ocFg&m}-vdkY oday;&r,f/
wu,fyJ tJonfvkdjzpfw,f/ Z&mr&P rESyd pf ufvsif t0dZÆmtmo0
r,dkpD;bl;/
t0dZÆm&JUtaMumif;[m Z&mr&Pjzpfwm odNyD;vsif t0dZÆm

teuf azmfzkdY toifYjzpfwmyJ/ t0dZÆm[m ]rodjcif;}-vdkY o'´geuf
xGurf ,f/ bmudk rodwmvJ? b,fvkd rodwmvJ? onfvkdar;cGe;f awG
xGuv f mr,f/ vrf;rodwm? vlrodwm? ½GmrodwmawG[m t0dZÆm
vm;/ 'gawGrodwmudk t0dZÆmu ra[mbl;/
t0dZÆmrodwmu ]'ku©}-yJjzpfw,f/ ]'ku©rodwm}-
[m t0dZÆmaygY/ 'ku©ukd b,fvkdrodwmvJ/ ]'ku©ukd

'ku©vkdY rodwm}-yJ/ b,frSm 'ku©vkdY rodwmvJ/]uH

© kd rodwm}-jzpfw,f/
eJ0Y yd guftjzpfawGrmS jzpfw'YJ kuu
onfae&mrSm [dk[kdonfonf rodwmudk t0dZÆm-vdkY rajymbJ

0dygufawGtjzpfudk 'ku©vdkY rodwmudk t0dZÆm-vdkY teufazmf&w,f/
0dyguftjzpf[m 'ku©jzpfvkdYvm;-ar;zG,yf J/ [kww f ,f-vdkYajz&r,f/
'ku©jzpfwmudk 'ku©vkdY rodvsif b,fvkdov d kdYvJaygY/ ]okc}-vdkYyif
ajymif;jyefvefatmif odw,f}-ajym&r,f/ 'ku©ukd okcvdkY odrSawmY
trSerf odwmjzpfNyD; ]rodbl;}-ajym&NyDaygY/
]0dygufu wu,f 'kuj© zpfvv kYd m;}-ar;zG,½f w

dS ,f/ ]wu,f
yJjzpfw,f}-ajz&r,f/ 0dyguf[m Zmwd?Z&mçr&P-vdkY ajymcJYcsuf
½Sdw,f/
]'ku&© UJ tjzpf[m Zmwd}-yJ/ Zmwd-qdkwm jyKvkyrf I
aMumifY jzpfymG ;wm&JUemrnf jzpfvsuef YJ b,fYaMumifY
'ku©jzpfomG ;&wmvJ/]jyKvkyw f mudk,w f kdiu f ysupf ;D rI
udk jyKvkyw f mqdkawmY jyKvkyrf aI MumifjY zpfwYJ jzpfymG ;rI
uvnf; ysupf ;D NyD; 'kuj© zpfwm}-aygY/
onfvdk 'ku©jzpfw,fqdkvsif onftjzpfudk b,fYaMumifY
okcxif&wmvJ-vdkYvnf; ar;zG,yf J/ jyKvkyw f meJYtwljzpfwJY cHpm;
csuu
f okcjzpfaew,f/ 'gaMumifY jyKvdkYjzpfwJY 0dygufrSmvnf; cHpm;
csufu okcjzpfaeawmY okcxifwmaygY/

cHpm;csuu f okcjzpfaevsif wu,fokcvdkYyJ r[kwb f l;vm;

-vdkYyJ ar;zG,yf J/ ]r[kwbf l;}-ajz&r,f/ cHpm;csuof kcu a&udk
vIyo f avmufyJ? cPqdkvsif jy,foGm;rSmyJ/ qdk;wmu raysmufbl;/
]'ku©qkdwm tjzpfqkd;&JUemrnf}-yJ/ cHpm;csut
f aumif;[m tjzpfqkd;
eJYpmvsif rajymyavmufyJ/
tJonftjzpfqkd;udk tjzpfqkd;cH&olu rodbl;vm;-ar;p&m

½Sw
d ,f/'gudk ][kww f ,f}-vdkYyJ ajz&r,f/ tjzpfqkd;cH&vsuef JY b,fY
aMumifY rod&ovJ-ar;zG,yf J/ rod&jcif;taMumif;u ykHcif;rS ay:
vGirf SmyJ/ 'gayrJY rcif;cif ajymp&m½Swd ,f/ tJ'gu cHpm;csut f
aMumif;yJ/
cHpm;csu[ f m tvGeo f vd G,w

f ,f/ vGeuf sL;rI wpfpkHwpfck
jyKol[m jyKqJrSmyif cHpm;csuu f ay:w,f/ jyKNyD;wJYtcgvnf; Zmwd
jzpfNyD; tJonfcHpm;csuu f ay:qJyJ/ Z&mr&P jzpfwJYtcgrSmawmY
tJonfcHpm;csuf avsmYyg;oGm;vdkY? tJonfcHpm;csuu f kd vGr;f armwo
&wJY cHpm;csut f qdk; 0ifvmw,f/ tJ'gu rcHpm;Edkiaf vmufatmif
0ifvmwm? cH&w,f-qdkygawmY/ tJonfcHpm;csut f qdk;[m b0t
qdk;udk zkH;vTr;f w,f/ Zmwdtcdkuf cHpm;csutf aumif; jzpfaepOfu
vnf; b0tqdk;udk cHpm;csut f aumif;u rodjrifapbl;/
NyD;awmYvnf; tjzpfqkd;udkrodbkdY aemufwpfaMumif;vnf;

½Sdw,f/ tJ'gu tjzpfqdk;odzdkY tjzpfaumif;eJY ,SOf&w,f/ tjzpf-

tjzpfcH&olrSm tjzpfaumif;eJY,SOfp&m tjzpfaumif;udk rodbl; jzpf
w,f/ tjzpfqdk; rjzpfcifutjzpf[m tjzpfaumif;jzpfayrJY tJonf
tjzpfaumif;eJY b0jcm;cJYNyDjzpfawmY rqifjcifEkdib
f l;/'gaMumifYvnf;
udk,jf zpfae&wJY tjzpfqkd;udk ]tjzpfqkd;}-vdkY rodEkdiw
f myJ/
ykHcif;rSay:r,f-qdkwJYtwdki;f ykHcif;MunfhMur,f/ ykHu rl;,pf

aq;0g;orm;aygY/ ol[m yXrqkH; rl;,pfaq;udk tpjyKokH;awmY
]rl;,pfaq;okH;ol}-qdkwJY vGeu f sL;olqkdwJY tjzpfqkd; tpjyKjzpfNyDyJ/
'gayrJY olYb0udk olrodbl;/ b0uay;wJY cHpm;csuyf J olow d ,f/
tJonfvGeu f sL;rI NyD;awmY ]vGeu f sL;oltjzpf}-vdkY qdk&wJY

]Zmwd}-jzpfNyD;?tJonfrmS vGeuf sL;pOfu cHpm;csut f wdki;f cHpm;&w,f/
Z&mr&PqD a&mufwJYtcg tJonfcHpm;csuf ,dk,Gi;f ysujf ym; vm
w,f/ tJonfrSm tvsicf Hpm;csuu f kd vGr;f armwowJY cHpm;csut f
qdk;awG cHpm;&w,f/ 'gaMumifY ]tvsiu f vGeu f sL;rIrsKd ; jyef vky&f rS
aumif;rSmyJ}-vdkY tmo0awG ,dkpD;Muw,f/ tJonfrSm ]t0dZÆm}-
ygwmyJ/ onfawmY tJonf ]t0dZmÆ [m Z&mr&PESyd pf ufvkYd b0tjzpf
&JUtqdk;udk rodbJ taumif;xifwm}-jzpfwmyJ/
'gawGaMumifY t0dZÆm&JU teuftw¬[m ]uHeYJ uu H sKd ;wdkY
&JUtjzpf jzpfwYJ 'kuu
© kd 'ku-© vdkrY odbJ okc-vdtxd
kY
awmif odaejcif;}-vdkY jzpfw,f/

50/ ocFg& t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
o cFg&-t&d,a0g[m&udk y#dpöorkyÜg'fa'oemrSm bk&m;a[m

w,f/ ocFg&&JU teuftw¬ukd azmf&r,f/
]vGefusL;rI}-[m ocFg&&JU teufyJ/ onfxufus,fus,f
ajymvsif udk,-f EIw-f ESvkH;awGeJY jyKvkyw
f JY vGeuf sL;rIyJ/ b,favmuf
atmufavsmYw,f-ydkw,f? onfvkd vGeu f sL;wm r[kwb f l;/ vGeu
f sL;
udk 'D*&DwpfckckeJYwkdi;f NyD; ajym&wm r[kwb f l;vdkY qdkvkdw,f/
vluvkyaf pwm r[kww f JY udk,-f EIw-f ESvkH;tvkyaf wG jzpfvkdY

onftvkyaf wGukd ]vGeu f sL;rI}-vdkY ajym&wmjzpfw,f/ udk,-f EIw-f
ESvkH;awGukd b,folu jzpfapvdkYvJ-ar;zdkYyJ/ tajzu]t0dZÆm}-jzpf
w,f/ udk,u f jyKvnf; udk,jf yKatmif vluvkyw f m r[kwb f l;/
t0dZÆmuyJ udk,u f kd jyKapw,f/ EIwef JY ESvkH;vnf; onfvkdyJ/ EIwef JY
ajymatmif? ESvkH;eJYawG;atmif vluvkyw f m r[kwb f J t0dZÆmu
jzpfapwmyJ/
'gaMumifY onfudk,f-EIwf-ESvkH; vGefusL;rIawG[m vlvkyf

trIawGr[kww f JY trIawGjzpfvkdY ]vGeu
f sL;rI}-vdkY ajym&wmjzpfw,f/
vluvkyw f m r[kww f JY vGeu
f sL;rIxJrSm raumif;wmawG ygovdk?
aumif;wmawGvnf; ygw,f/
aumif;wmxJrSmvnf; umrtaumif; ygovdk? ½lyg½ly t
aumif;vnf; ygw,f/

umr½lyg½ly aumif;aumif;-raumif;aumif; t0dZÆm

aMumifjY zpfwm qdkvsif ]vGeu f sL;rI}-yJ/ t0dZmÆ ujzpf
apwJY vGeu f sL;rI[m vluvkyw f m r[kwb f ;l /'g
aMumifY ]vGeu f sL;wJYtvky}f -qdkvsif ]a,mifa,mif
uef;uef;vkyw f JY tvky}f -vdkY ajym&w,f/ ]t0dZÆmu
jzpfapw,f}-qdkwm acgif;wyfvkduw f myJ jzpfw,f/
tjynfth pkaH jymvsif ]udavom jzpfapvdkuw f tYJ rI-}
vdkY ocFg&udk ajym&r,f/
ocFg&[m vlY udk,-f EIw-f ESvkH;&JUtrIawGawmY [kww f ,f/

'gayrJY vluvkyfwmawG r[kwfbl;/ udavomu jzpfapwmawG
jzpfw,f/ ½l;ol-rl;oleJY wapäo&Jyl;ol qdkolawG&JU tvkyfawG-vdkYyJ
ajym&r,f/ aumif;wJY jyKrlajymqdkaexdkicf suyf J jzpfjzpf? raumif;wJY
jyKrlajymqdkaexdkifcsufyJ jzpfjzpf? 'gawG[m vlvkyft&m rxifwJY
trIawGyJ jzpfw,f/ 'gawG[m ]ocFg&}-awGyJ/
51/ 0dnmP t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]0dnmP}-udk y#dpöorkyÜg'fa'oemrSm bk&m;

a[mw,f/ 0dnmP&JU teuf[m ]0dnmÚf} trnf&wmwdki;f
r[kwb f ;l / onfae&mrSm ocFg&aMumifjY zpfwYJ 0dnmÚf-vdkY a'oem½SNd yD;
jzpfvkdYyJ/

ocFg&qdkwmu awblruuHawG jzpfawmY ]0dnmÚf

[m tJonf awblruuHawG&JU 0dyguf0n
d mÚfawG}-
yJ jzpfw,f/
awblruuHu avmbtukodkvf uHocFg& jzpfvsif? 0d

nmÚfu avmbtukokdvu f HocFg&&JU tusKd ;0dyguf0n d mÚfjzpfw,f/
tarm[ ukokv d uf HocFg&aMumifYjzpfwJY 0dnmÚfu tJonf0yd guf
0dnmÚfyJ/ ½lypsmeft*Fgig;csut f & uHocFg&aMumifYjzpfwJY 0dnmÚfu
½lypsmeft*Fgig;csuf ukokv
d uf o
H cFg&&JU tusKd ;0dyguf 0dnmÚf jzpfw,f/
NyD;awmYvnf; 0dnmÚfeJYpyfNyD; odp&m½Sdao;w,f/ onf

0dnmÚfukd y#doaE¨0nd mÚf-vdkY odcJYMuwmyJ/ [kwaf wmY [kww
f ,f/
y#doaE¨&JUteufukd vGJNyD; odaeMuw,f/ tarY0rf;xJ pa&mufwm
udk y#doaE¨vkdY odaeMuw,f/ 'gu ykxkZÚf pum; a0g[m&w¬yJ/
t&d,a0g[m&rSm onfvkdr[kwb f l;/
t&d,a0g[m&rSm ]b0}-qdkwm uH&JUtrnf-yJ/ uHwpfckjyK

&mu aemufuHwpfck jyKzdkYtwGuf Mum;tqufjzpfwJYt&mudk ]y#do
aE¨} ajymwmyJ/ 0dnmÚf[m uHa[mif;&JJUtusKd ; jzpfovdk? uHocFg&&JU
taMumif;vnf; jzpfp&m½Swd ,f/ uHu b0qdkawmY b0ESpcf kukd 0dyguf
u pyfay;w,f r[kwv f m;/ 'gaMumifY 0dnmÚfukd y#doaEäjymwm
jzpfw,f/

0dyguf0nd mÚfukd rodwwfMubl;/ 0dyguf0nd mÚfu ikyw

f ,f-
jrKyfw,f/ 'gaMumifY onf0n d mÚfukd ocFg&aMumifYjzpfw,fom cH,l
Muwm? ocFg&jzpfNyD;aemif ESpaf wG Mumcsio
f avmufMum? udk,af wG
aoauscsio f avmuf aoausNyD;rS 0dnmÚfujzpfw,f ,lrMd uwmyJ/
t&d,mwdkYtodeJY jcm;em;oGm;wmaygY/
t&d,mwdkYtodrSm aoNyD;aemif jzpfeJYrjzpfawGu ,lvkdYr&wm

awGy/J tJ'gawGu rajymaumif;wJpY um; ]taAÁm[m&du a0g[m&}-
awGyJ/ 0dnmÚfu ]rodpdwf}-qdkawmY vlawG rodMuwmyJ/ 0dnmÚf
&,fawmY rodpw d u
f r[kwb f l;/ uHvnf; rodpw d yf J/ t0dZÆmaMumifY
jzpfwmawG r[kwv f m;/
onfvkdjzpfayrJY 0dnmÚfukd vlawGoMd uykH ½Sw

d ,f/ b,focFg&
uHaMumifY b,f0dnmÚfjzpfw,f qdkwmawmY odMur,fr[kwfbl;/
0dnmÚfoad Mumif; xif½Sm;wmu pum;wpfck½Sw d ,f/ ]onfvl nmÚf
aumif;w,f? nmÚfqdk;w,f}-qdkwmyJ/ aumif;usifYjyKavY½SdoleJY
qdk;usiYfjyKavY½So
d lwkdYukd odMuwJY todyJ/ onfvkd jyKavY½So
d lawG[m
wu,fyJ nmÚfuyfaewmawG trSefjzpfw,f/ tJonfnmÚf[m
bmvJ-yJ odzkdYvkdw,f/tJ'g[m ]0dnmÚf}-yJ/ onf0n d mÚf b,fu
&wmvJukdvnf; odzkdYvkdw,f/ 'godawmY rarG;rDu uHjyK&mu &vm
wm xifMuw,f/ tJonfu nmÚf[m onftxd b,fvkdvmw,f
qdkwm b,fvkdajymr,fawmY rpOf;pm;rdMubl;/

onfnmÚf[m nmÚf½So d ljyKrdwJY vGeu f sL;csuu

f vmwmudk
avYvmMunfhvsif odrSmjzpfw,f/ rcdk;bl;ol? olrsm;cdk;wm rom,m
bl;olrSm olckd;nmÚf½Sw
d m awGU&rSmr[kwb f l;/ vlrSm nmÚfawG ½SMd u
wm[m tawGUtBuKHeJY todtjrifawGucsnf; jzpfw,f/
0dnmÚfukdyJ ]vdyjf ym}-vdkYvnf; ajymcsiw f wfMuao;w,f/

olu vlYqDrSm tNrJ½Sad ewm r[kwb f J aysmufcsif aysmufoGm;vdku?f
ay:csif ay:vmvdkuf-jzpfvdkY vdyfjymeJYwlvdkY Armu ]vdyfjym}-vdkY
ajymMuwmyJ/ [dEL´ uqdkvsif ]twå}-vdkY ajymrSmyJ/ zrf;qkypf rf;erf;vdkY
vnf; r&bl;/ r½Sdwmvnf; r[kwfbl;/onfvdkjzpfaeawmY 'gu
awmfawmfrodp&mjzpfw,f r[kwfvm;/ rodp&mjzpfwJYt&m[m
txifrSm;w,fqkdwJY rdpäm'd|jd zpfzkdY tcGiYftvrf; tm;BuD;wm/
'gaMumifY 0dnmÚf&UJ teufukd rvGaJ tmif od&r,f/ ]0d

nmÚf[m uHjyKpOfyg0ifwJY 0dnmÚfeJY xyfwlyJ}/ocFg&
uHjzpfw,f-qdkwm uHxkduw f JY apwemuav; ouf
oufyjJ zpfw,f-vdkY rrSwaf y;zdkY vkwd ,f/ uHxku d wf YJ
apwemeJt Y wl 0dnmÚfawG? a0'em-onmtpp twl
jzpfw&m;awGyg jzpfMuw,f oday;&r,f/ tJonfrSm
vGeuf sL;wJYapwemu vGeu f sL;wJYupd ö NyD;oGm;wJYtcg?
apwemuom vGeu f sL;csut f jzpf r½Sad wmYayrJY 0d
nmÚfpwmawGu t½Sed rf ysuf qufjzpfaewmyJ/ 'g

aMumifY ]0dnmÚf[m uHjzpfpÚfuyg0ifwYJ 0dnmÚfeYJ wl

wJY 0dnmÚf}-yJ jzpfw,f/
onf0n d mÚfvnf; vlrSmjzpfayrJY vluvkyv f kdY jzpfvmwJY

0dnmÚf r[kwb f l;/ ocFg&u jzpfapvdkuw f JY0n
d mÚfyJ/ 'gaMumifYonf
0dnmÚfvnf; rodpw d yf J/ rodpw d [
f m aumif;aumif;-qdk;qdk; vlYt
wGuaf wmY 0efxky0f efyk;d yJ jzpfw,f/ t½l;&JU aumif;qdk;ESpw f ef trIawG
vdkaygY/ 'gaMumifY 0dnmÚft& wdusrSyJ/
52/ emr½ly t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]emr½ly}-udk y#dpöorkyÜg'fa'oemrSm bk&m;

a[mw,f/tjcm;ae&mawGrmS vnf; ]emr½ly}qdkNyD; t&d,a0g
[m& ½SEd kid w
f ef&mw,f/
]emr½ly}-udkawGUvsif xif&rnfhteufukd azmfjyr,f/ emr
½ly[mvnf; vlrSmjzpfayrJY vlvkyvf kdYjzpfwm r[kwb
f l;/ 0dnmÚfu
jzpfapvdkufwm jzpfw,f/
]emr½ly}-udk ]emrf½ky}f -vdkY bmomjyefMuw,f/ t"d

yÜg,fjyefwm r[kwaf o;bl;/ ]0dnmÚfet YJ wljzpfwYJ o
[ZmwjzpfwJY 0dygufemrfeJY pdwåZ½kyaf wG}-vdkY ajym&
r,f/ onfw&m;awG[m emr½ly&JU teuftw¬awGyJ/

53/ oVm,we t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]oVm,we}-udk y#dpöorkyÜg'fa'oemrSm

bk&m;a[mw,f/ oVm,weudk tae&m&mrSm awGUp&m ½Sd
w,f/
t&d,a0g[m& oVm,we rSefvsif teufwlyJ jzpfw,f/
tm,weajcmufyg;-vdkY teufxu
G rf ,f/ rsupf -d em;-ESm-vQm-udk,-f
pdwf ajcmufyg;aygY/
onfoVm,weawGvnf; vlvkyyf pön;f awG r[kwf
Mubl;/ vlrmS ½Sad yrJY vlu oVm,wejzpfatmif r
vkyEf kid Mf ubl;/ ]emrf½kyaf MumifyY J oVm,weawG jzpf
w,f/ uHocFg&aMumifYjzpfwJY w&m;yJ}-aygY/ vlrmS yg
aewJY rsupf pd wmawG r[kwb f ;l /
54/ zó t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&]zó}-udk y#dpöorkyÜg'frSm bk&m;a[mw,f/

zóudk teufxifwJYtcg zójzpforQwdki;f udk r&Edkib
f l;/
onfzó[m vlvkyzf ó r[kwb f l;/ oVm,we
u jzpfvmwJY zó-jzpfw,f/ ]0dygufzó}-aygY/
vlrSm½Sw
d JY rsupf ed JYtqif;tppawG awGUxMd uwm
awG[m onfae&mrSm zó r[kwb f ;l /onfzóu
]ocFg&jzpfpÚfu awGUxcd JYwJY zórsKd ;? 0dyguf<uif;
zó} jzpfw,f/

55/ a0'em t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&a0'em}-udk y#dpöorkyÜg'frSm bk&m;a[mw,f/

a0'emteufvnf; azmf&r,f/
a0'em-[m cHpm;&wm&JU emrnfyJ/ cHpm;&wmwdkif;udk
onfa0'em t&aumuf&rSm r[kwb f l;/ 0dygufa0'emyJ onfrSm
,l&rSmjzpfw,f/ bk&m;a[m t&d,ma0g[m& a0'emawG[m onf
a0'emawGyJ jzpfw,f/
onfa0'em[m vlrmS ½Sw d YJ rsupf ed t

YJ qif; qkrH I zó
jzpfvkdY xGuw f JYa0'em r[kwb f l;/ tJonf rsupf t d m
,weeJY zóawG[m 0dygufawG r[kwMf ubl;/onf
a0'em[m ]0dyguf0n d mÚf-emrf½ky-f oVm,we-zó
wdkaY MumifY jzpfwYJ ]a0'em}-yJ jzpfw,f/
56/ 0dnmP?emr½ly?oVm,we?zó?a0'em t&d,a0g[m&w¬

uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]0dnmP-emr½ly-oVm,w-zó-a0'em}
-awGukd y#dpöorkyÜg'frSm bk&m;a[mw,f/ 'gawGeJYpyfNyD;
½Si;f zdkYvkdrSmjzpfvkdY qufa&;vku d w f myJ/
'gawG[m 0dygufw&m;awGyJ/ onf0yd gufw&m;awG[m AD'D
,dkxu J t½kyt f oHawGvykd /J AD', D kxd u
J ½kyof aH wG[m oGi;f xm;wke;f
u ½kyo f aH wGyJ jzpfw,f/ zGiw Yf kid ;f 'gawGyx
J uG rf ,f/ t½kyt
f oHtopf

udk AD'D,kdxJu ½kyo

f Hu xkwrf ay;EdkiMf ubl;/ onf0yd guf 0dnmP-
emr½ly-oVm,we-zó-a0'emuvnf; onfvkdyJ/ uHjyKpÚfu
0dnmP-emr½ly-oVm,we-zó-a0'emawGyJ jzpfwmyJ/
uHjyKpÚfu 0dnmÚfr[kww f JY 0dnmÚfrsKd ; rodbl;/ uHjyKpÚfu

emrf½kyrf [kww f JY emrf½kyf rjzpfbl;/ uHjyKpÚfu oVm,wexJu
tm,wewpfckuvGJNyD; wjcm;tm,we rjzpfbl;/ zó-a0'emawG
vnf; uHjyKpÚfu tawGUeJY cHpm;csufyJ jzpfw,f/ tJonfuvGJwJY
tawGUeJY cHpm;csut f opf rjzpfbl;/
onfawmY 0dyguf0n d mÚfpwmawG[m AD'D,k½d kdux f m;

wJY ½kyo f HawGvkd t&mawGyJ/ zGiYvf kduw
f kdi;f ½dkuxf m;
wJ½Y kyo
f aH wG xGuaf yrJY wjcm;½kyo f HawG ajymif;NyD;
rxGub f l;/ BudK;acGxJu ½kyof HawG[m wu,fY vl&JU
toHawG r[kwMf ubl;/ r[kwaf yrJY wxyfwnf; wl
wJY vl½kyef JYvloHyJ/ wlayrJY tJonf½kyo f H[m wu,fY
vl r[kwv f kdY t½kytf oHu b,frS rajymif;bl;/
AD'D,kdxJu½kyo f H[m ajymif;vJ toGi;f rcH&orQ rajymif;vJ

bJ ½Srd ,f/ AD',D k½d ku
d pf Úfu t½G,?f ½dkupf Úfu t0wftqif? ½dkupf Úfu
udk,fae[efxm;eJY ½dkufpÚfu tajymtqdkçtoH twdkif;yJ ½Sdaer,f/
onf½kyo f HawGMunfh&wm NiD;aiGUNYyDqkdNyD; zsurf S ysurf ,f/ rzsuo
f rQ

aer,f/ vlaovsiaf wmY tJonf0yd gufawG ysurf ,f/ tJonf0yd guf

xJu t½kyt f oHawGvnf; uHjyKpÚfu t½G,-f t0wftqif-udk,af e
[efxm;eJY tajymtqdk-toHawGyJ jzpfr,f/
vlu rsupf u d , G o f mG ;? em;yif;oGm;vnf; 0dygufoVm,we

xJu rsupf -d em;eJY tm½kHawGUrIu quf½Sad erSmyJ/ tJonfrsupf -d
em;eJY tm½HkawGUwJY ½lyg½kH-o'´g½kHawGawmY [kwrf Sm r[kwb f l;/
'gawGpjzpfcsed rf mS awmY jzpf&wm[m aumif;aer,f/ MumvGe;f
vmvsiaf wmY aumif;w,f-qdkwJYtjzpf ta½GUvsm;cH&vdrYrf ,f/ uHjyK
pÚfutjzpfukd jyefvGr;f wmrsKd ; jzpf&r,f/
57/ wPSm t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]wPSm}-udk y#dpo

ö rkygÜ 'frmS bk&m;a[mw,f/
wPSmudk teufay;&r,f/ ]wPSm}-[m ]qmavmifjcif;}-
vdkY o'´gu a[mw,f/
qmwmwdki;f udk onfrSmwPSm-vdkY rqdkvkdbl;/ t&d,
a0g[m& ]wPSm}-[m jyKzl;wJu Y rH sKd ; jyKvdkr}I -udk
]qmw,f}-ajymwm jzpfw,f/
ykH0w¬KxJu t½l;[m EGm;jrifwkdi;f vufnI;d xdk;wmrsKd ;yJ/
EGm;&JUtom;udkpm;NyD; aumif;zl;wmaMumifYyJ/
]uHqmwmrS wPSm}-qdkawmY uHr[kww f m qmwmqdkvsif
]wPSmr[kwb f ;l }/ uHr[kww
f m qmwmawG[m avmurSmrsm;w,f/

ylwJYtcg at;p&m? at;wJYtcg ylp&m qmwmyJ/ emwJYtcg

temaysmufp&m qmwmyJ/ tpmrpm;&wJt Y cg pm;p&m? qdk;qdk;pm;&wJY
tcg aumif;aumif;pm;p&m qmwmyJ/ t½G,af &mufvmwJt Y cg udk,Yf
vdk t½G,af &mufoel YJ aygif;p&m qmwmyJ/ a,musmf ;jzpfo[ l m rde;f r?
rde;f rjzpfol[m a,musmf ; qmwmyJ/
tJonf qmwmawGu wPSmawG r[kwb f ;l / ]vGef
usL;zl;olu vGeu
f sL;p&m qmwm wpfckwnf;om
]wPSm}-jzpfw,f/
EGm;jrifvkdY vufn;Id xdk;wJY t½l;[m EGm;om;pm;rIu vGeu f sL;rI

jzpfvsif tJonfvGeu f sL;rI jzpfp&mjzpfwJY EGm;udk vufnI;d xdk;wm[m
vGeuf sL;rIqmwJY wPSmyJ/ tJ'gu vGeu f sL;rIrjzpfvsif wPSmrjzpfb;l /
wPSmteufeJYpyfNyD;? vGJrSm;wwfwmudk txl;odap&rSmu

aumif;-raumif;jzpfwJY umr½lyt½ly vGeu f sL;vdkrIuvGJwJY vdkvm;
rIawGudk wPSm rvkyfrdMubdkYyJ/
58/ Oyg'ge t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]Oyg'ge}-udk y#dpöorkyÜg'frSm bk&m;a[m

w,f/ Oyg'ge-udk ]tpGJ}-vdkY a½S;u jrefrmjyefMuw,f/
Oy+tm'ge-yk'cf GJNyD; ]t,lonf;wm}-vdkY ajym&zdkY½Sw
d ,f/
]t,ljyif;xefwm? t,lvGew f m? r[kww
f mawG ,lwmawG] &rSmyg/

onfawmYvnf; ]tpGJ}-vdkY ajym&awmYrSmaygY/

tpGJ-qdkwm ½Sw d m,lwm&JUemrnf r[kwbf l;/ ]r½Sw
d m
,lwm pGJwmyJ/}]Oyg'ge}-qdkwm ]r½Sw d m ,lwm}-
vdkY rSw&f r,f/
onft"d yÜg,f[m ikyaf ervm;yJ/
vdkvm;ol[m vdkvm;vGe;f vmwJYtcg uHjyKpÚfu tm
½kHwcsKd U? pdwrf Sm zefqif;wnfaqmuf,lw,f/ tJonf
tm½kHeJY tcsut f vufwlwJY tm½kHukd uHjyKpÚfutm½kHyJ
-vdkY vkyw f ,f/ 'g[m ]tpGJ&JU t"dyÜg,f}-yJ/
r,m;jzpfap? vifjzpfap? cspv

f suef JY aouGJuJGNyD;? aemuftrd f
axmifjyKol[m aemuftrd af xmifukd tvsit f rd af xmiftrSwjf yK cspcf if
Muw,f/ vufawGUrSm yXrtdraf xmifxuf avsmYaewmtwGuf pdwf
rcsr;f omwwfMubl;/ 'gvnf; Oyg'geyJ/
Ä«tydk'f 132/ Oyg'ge-udkvnf; ½Iyg/»
59/ b0 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]b0}-udk y#dpöorkyÜg'frSm bk&m;a[mw,f/

b0-udk tjcm;a'oemawGrSmvnf; t&d,ma0g[m&tjzpf
trsm;tjym; a[mcJYcsu½f Sw
d ,f/
onfrSm teufay;wmeJY xyfwlyJ ay;&r,f/
]b0}-[m]xif½Sm;jzpfay:jcif;}-teuf ½Sw
d ,f/

onfrSm ]b0}t&aumufrSm tbdocFg&jzpfwJY ]vGef

usL;jcif;} aumufrmS yJ/ 'g[m ]xif½mS ;jzpfay:jcif;}
-jzpfw,f r[kwv f m;/ onftbdocFg&udk aumif;-
raumif; umr-½ly-t½ly vGeu f sL;jcif;awG t&
aumufr,f/
b0-udk Oyywåb
d 0?ur®b0 cGNJ yD;vnf; aumufvkMd uw,f/
onfESpfcku twlyJ/ umr-½ly-t½ly? onD-tonD-ae0onD
emonD? {ua0gum&-pwka0gum&-yÚöa0gum&-'gawGu apwem
&JU bkH-onm-cE¨m &wmawGay:rSm jym;wmawG&JU emrnfyJ/
b0=apwem=ur®=ocFg&='ku©? 'gawG[m t&wlawGyJ/
60/ Zmwd t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]Zmwd}-udk y#dpöorkyÜg'frSm bk&m;a[mw,f/

Zmwd-teufukd ]trd0rf;rSm y#doaEäejcif;}-vdkY rSw,
f lMu
w,f/
'gu t&d,ma0g[m& ]Zmwd}-&JU teuftw¬r[kwf
Mubl;/ 0dnmÚf-emrf½ky-f oVm,we-zó-a0'em
0dygu0#fw&m;wdk&Y UJ emrnfwpfrsKd ;udk onfrSm]Zmwd}
-ajymwmyJ/
b,fYaMumifY 'gudk onfemrnfeJY ajym&ovJqkdvsif onf
0dnmÚf-emrf½ky-f oVm,we-zó-a0'em 0#fw&m;awG[m b0
aMumifYjzpfwJYw&m;awG jzpfayrJY aemufxyf ]b0}-udkjzpfapwJY w&m;

vnf; jzpfjyefwmaMumifY ]b0ESpcf kukd pyfay;jcif;}-qdkwJY ]y#doE¨d

udpö}-½Sv
d kdY ]Zmwd}-vdkY ajym&wm jzpfw,f/
wu,fawmY onfZmwd[m uHeJYtwljzpfwJY w&m;
awGu uHukeo f Gm;vnf; tvm;wl qufjzpfaeMu
wmawG&JU emrnfawGyJ/ ]uHjyKwke;f u twljzpfzuf
awG jzpfvk?Yd 'gawG[m aemufuH xyfvkyv
f k?Yd ykHpH
Zmwfvrf; jzpfwJYtwGuf ]Zmwd}-ac:&wmyJ/
61/ Z&m-r&P t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&]Z&m-r&P}-udk y#dpöorkyÜg'frSm bk&m;a[m

w,f/ Z&m-r&Pteufukd tdkjcif;-aojcif;vdkY odMuw,f/
'gu te&d,a0g[m&w¬yJ/
],dk,iG ;f -ysupf D;jcif;}-vdkY t"dyÜg,f½rSd Sm jzpfw,f/
bmu ,dk,iG ;f ysupf ;D wmvJ-qdkvsif ]uH&UJ 0dygufjzpf
wJY ]0dnmÚf-emrf½ky-f oVm,we- zó-a0'em}&JU
]Zmwdtjzpf ,dk,iG ;f ysupf ;D wm}-yJ/
0dnmÚf-emrf½ky-f oVm,we-zó-a0'emwd&kY UJ ]Zmwdtjzpf}
-[m Zmwfvrf;tjzpf jzpfw,fqdkvsif tJonfZmwfvrf;tjzpfrSm
,dkwm,dkçzdwwf mzdwf tjzpfwkdiwf mawG[m Z&mçr&PtjzpfawGyJ
aygY/ 'gaMumifY uHjyKwke;f u aumif;cJYwmudk ]Zmwd}jzpfawmY NidrYw
f m
aygY/ ]Z&m-r&P}-jzpfawmY Nidrf YfvkdYr&bJ qif;&J-pdwyf su-f ylyefawG
jzpfwmaygY/ 'g Z&m-r&PyJ/

62/ udavo0¥ t&d,a0g[mw¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]udavo0¥}-udk y#dpo

w,f/
ö rkygÜ 'frmS bk&m;a[m
]udavo0#f-qdkwm t0dZÆm-wPSm-Oyg'gef tp½Sd

wJY udavomw&m;rsm;&JUtrnf} jzpfw,f/
]0#f]-vdkY ajym&wmu udavomw&m;rsm;u jzpfNyD;&yfomG ;

aewJYw&m; r[kwfMubl;/ udavo0#faMumifY ur®0#fjzpfw,f/
udavo0#fuvnf; 0dygu0#faMumifY jzpfw,f/ onfvdk qufpyf
vnfywfaewmaMumifY ]0#f}-ajym&wmyJ/
udavo0#fw&m;awG[m ]pdwåZw&m;awG&JU emrnf}
-yJ/
63/ ur®0¥ t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]ur®0¥}-udk y#dpöorkyÜg'frSm bk&m;a[m

w,f/
]ur®0#f}-qdkwm ]ocFg&-b0}-vdkYajym&wJY avmuD
uHawG&JU trnf}-yJ/
onfuu H vnf; ol[ Y mol &yfwnfaewm r[kwb f ?J udavo

0#faMumifY jzpfNyD;? 0dygu0#ftjzpf vSnhaf jymif;oGm;wJYt&m jzpfw,f/
'gaMumifY ]0#f}-ac:wmyJ/

64/ 0dygu0¥ t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&]0dygu0¥}-udk y#dpöorkyÜg'frSm bk&m;a[m

w,f/
]0dygu0#fteufukd 0dnmOf-emrf½ky-f oVm,we-
zó-a0'em? ZmwdZ&m-r&P-vdkaY jym&wJY uHusKd ;
awG}-vdkY ajym&r,f/ 0dygu0#fvkdY t&d,a0g[m&
rSm awGUwkdi;f onfteufyJ rSw&f r,f/
65/ oHom& t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]oHom&}-udk y#dpöorkyÜg'ftjzpf bk&m; a[m

w,f/ ]oHom&}-udk aemufb0u aovdkY? tckb0 jzpfNyD;?
tckb0 aovdkY? aemufb0jzpf-[m oHo&mvdkY odaewwfMuw,f/
tJ'g te&d, oHom&w¬yJ/
t&d,oHom&w¬-[m vlvnfaewm&JUemrnf r[kwf
bJ? ]vlay:rSm 0#fokH;yg;vnfaewm&JU emrnf} -jzpf
w,f/
66/ awblru0¥ t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]awblru0¥}-udk y#dpöorkyÜg'ftjzpf bk&m;

a[mw,f/
]awblru0#f}-qdkwm umr-½ly-t½ly ur®0#feJY
0dygu0#f jzpfymG ;aewJY tjzpfw&m;awG&UJ emrnf}yJ/

Xme-bkH&,fvkdY oD;jcm;r½S/d vlrSm tcdkut

f vSnhftvdkuf jzpf
yGm;aewJY ]t0w¬mbkH}-awGyJ jzpfw,f/
67/ {uwðoblrd t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]{uwðoblr}d -udk y#dpöorkyÜg'ftjzpf bk&m;

a[mw,f/
]{uwðoblr}d -qdkwJY okH;q,fYwpfbkH-qdkwm umr
tukokv d u
f &H UJ Oyywåb
d 0 4bkHeJY umr ukokdvu
f H&JU
Oyywåbd 0 7bkH? ½lyg½lyuH&JU Oyywåd bkH20wdkY&JU
emrnf jzpfw,f/
68/ aomu?y&da'0?'ku©?a'greókyg,mo t&d,a0g[m&w¬

uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]aomu-y&da'0-'ku©-a'greókyg,mom}
-udk y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fa'oemrSm bk&m;a[mw,f/ pdk;&dr-f idka<u;
-qif;&J-pdwyf su-f ylaqG; jzpfwkid ;f t&d,ma0g[m& aomu-y&da'0-
'ku©ça'greókyg,momrsm; r[kwMf ubl;/
b0-ZmwdwkaYd MumifjY zpfwYJ pdk;&dr-f idka<u;- qif;&J-
pdwyf su-f ylaqG;jcif;rsm;om t&d,a0g[m&aomu-
y&da'0-'ku-© a'greókyg,mom&JU teuftw¬rsm;
jzpfMuw,f/

b0-ZmwdwkdYaMumifYr[kww f JY pdk;&dr-f ylaqG; tppawG[m

trsm;tjym;yJ ½SdEdkifw,f/ q&mrdb aqGrsdK;rdwfo*F[awG aoaus
ysuMf uw,f qdkvsiv f nf; aomupwmawG jzpfrSmyJ/ rarQmfvifYwJY
ab;'Pfwpfckck toifcY &H r,fqkv
d siv
f nf; aomupwmawG jzpfrmS yJ/
OwkawG? tm[m&awG? pdwaf wGaMumifYvnf; jzpfrSmyJ/
'gawG[m t&d,a0g[m& aomu-y&da'0-'ku-© a'greók

yg,mow¬ r[kwwf mawGyJ/
t&d,a0g[m& aomu- y&da'0-'ku-© a'greókyg
,momjzpfwYJ pdk;&dr-f idka<u;-qif;&J-pdwyf su-f ylaqG;
-qif;&JawGu ]uHaMumifjY zpfwYJ cHpm;csuf arS;rSed f
aysmufysuo
f mG ;wJY twGuf pdk;&drjf cif;pwJY aomu
pwmawG jzpfMuw,f}/
69/ 'ku©u©E¨ t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]'ku©u©E¨}-udk y#dpöorkyÜg'fa'oemrSm bk&m;

a[mw,f/ 'ku©u©E¨-qdkwm 'ku©cE¨myJ/
]'kuc© E¨m}-udk ]Oyg'geu©Em¨ }-vdkY odcJYMuNyD;NyD/
onfrmS ]Oyg'geu©Em¨ qdkwm bmvJ}-&JUtajztjzpf
]uH-0dygufjzpfymG ;csuf cE¨m}-vdkY odomapcsuyf J/
uH-0dygufawGuvnf; Oyg'gefawGaMumifY jzpfwm
awG r[kwv f m;/

'gaMumifvY nf; uHç0dygufxku

d w
f YJ cE¨mawG[m ]Oyg'geu©Em¨ }
-awGaygY/ onf Oyg'geu©E¨mawGu 'ku©t&d,opöm xdkujf yefawmY
]'ku©cE¨m}-vdkY ajym&jyefawmYwmyJ/
'gaMumifY ]'kut © &d,opömxdkuw f cYJ E¨m}-qdkwm y#dpö
f JY cE¨mawGyJ jzpfw,f/
orkyÜg'f uHeJY0yd gufxkduw


tcef;(6)
r[mowdy|mef t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
70/ {um,e t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]{um,e}-udk r[mowdy|me a'oemrSm

bk&m; a[mw,f/]{um,e}-[m ]{u+t,e}yJ/]t,e}-
[m ]vrf;c&D;}-vdkY t"dygÜ ,f&w,f/ ]{u}-eJY aygif;awmY ]vrf;awG
xJu wpfaMumif;}-aygY/
tJonfwpfaMumif;u bmvJ-qdkawmY ]owda½SUxm;rI
vrf;}-yJ/ ]owda½SUxm;w,f}-qdkwm ]vkHYv? owd?
ynmawG jzpfatmifaewm&JU emrnf}-yJ/
bmjzpfzkdYtwGuf vrf;wpfaMumif;vJqkdvsif ]owå0gawG pif
Mu,fzdkY}-tp½SdwmawG twGufyJ/
71/ owåmeH 0dok'¨d t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,ma0g[m& ]owåmeH 0dok'}d¨ -udk r[mowdy|me a'oem

rSm bk&m;a[mw,f/ ]owå0gwd\ Yk pifMu,fjcif;}-vdkY jrefrmvdk
&w,f/
]pifMu,fw,f}-qdkwm b,fvkdjzpfwm&JUemrnfvJ¿
]oHo&m0#frsm;rS uRwfvw G Nf yD; ajymqdk-jyKrl-aexdkif
rIqkid &f m tjrifçtawG;rsm;rSm yrmPrSet f wdki;f jrif
wwf-awG;wwfNyD; yrmPrSet f wdki;f ajymwwf-jyK

wwf-aewwfrrI sm;}-[m pifMu,fwmyJ/ ]'da| 'd|

rwå}-tpp jzpfoal ygY/
72/ aomuy&da'0geH orwduúr t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
o wdy|mea'oemrSm bk&m;a[mw,f/]aomuçy&da'0awG
u vGeaf jrmufrI}-vdkY jrefrmjyefMuw,f/]aomuçy&da'0}-
wdki;f udk owda½SUxm;rIu vGeaf jrmufaprvm;¿ ar;zG,yf J/
owda½SUxm;rIaMumifY vGeaf jrmuf&rnfh aomu- y&d
a'0awGu ]uHaMumifYjzpfwmawG&JU tusKd ;quf t
jzpf jzpfwYJ aomu-y&da'0vdkY qdk&wJY pdk;&drrf I-idk
a<u;rI}-yJ jzpfw,f/
a&-rD;-rif;-cdk;ol-rcsprf ESpo
f ufolaMumifYjzpfwJY pdk;&dr-f idk
a<u;u vGefajrmufrSm r[kwfwmawGyJ/
73/ 'ku©a'greómeH tw¬*Fr t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]'ku©a'greómeH tw¬*Fr}-udk r[mowdy

|mea'oemrSm bk&m;a[mw,f/ ]qif;&Jç0rf;enf;awG csKyf
qkH;rI}-vdkY jrefrmjyefMuw,f/
'gvnf;]qif;&J-0rf;enf;}wdki;f owda½SUxm;rIaMumifY
csKyfMur,f r[kwb f ;l /csKyfMurSmuvnf; uHtusKd ;&JU
tusKd ;qufjzpfwYJ qif;&JreI 0YJ rf;enf;rI 'kua© 'greó
-yJ jzpfw,f/

a&-rD;-rif;-cdk;ol-rcsprf ESpo
f ufow l kaYd MumifY jzpfwYJ qif;&JeYJ
0rf;enf;awGuawmY csKyfMurSm r[kwb f l;yJ/
74/ Ó,ó t"d*rm, t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]Ó,ót"d*rm,}-udk r[mowdy|me a'

oemrSm bk&m;nTejf yw,f/ ]t&[wår*fÓPf&rI}-vdkY jrefrm
jyefMuw,f/
]t&[wår*fÓPf}-qdkawmY rodolukd rodwJYpum;vkH;ajym
awmY rodwmyJ &wm tzwfwifrSmyJ/ wu,fawmY t&[wår*f
ÓPfqkdwm ]udavomvkH;vkH;rzuf oufouf vlYopd &mudkow d JY
tod&JU emrnf}-yJ/
onfawmY udavom-qdkwm OD;aESmuf½IyNf yD; pdwåZ
jzpfr&I UJ emrnf jzpfw,f/ pdwåZrzufwtYJ od[m yu
wd vlYtodyJ/ tJonftodukd ]Ó,}-ajym&wmyJ/
]Ó,t"d*rjzpfw,f}-qdkwm 'd|yrmP?okw-rkw
-0dnmwyrmPudk 'd|-okw-rkw-0dnmw yrmP
twdki;f odr&I jcif;&JUemrnf jzpfw,f/
75/ edAÁmeó opädud&d,m, t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]edAmÁ eó opäu

d &d ,
d m,}-udk r[mowdy|m
e a'oemrSm bk&m;a[mw,f/ ]edAÁmefrsuaf rSmufjyKrI}-vdkY
jrefrmjyefw,f/

]edAÁmef}-pum;vkH;? ]rsuaf rSmufjyK}-pum;vkH;? 'gawG[m

vlrodwmawGyJ/
]edAmÁ ef}-qdkwm ork',t&d,opöm y,fNyD;rI&UJ trnf
wpfrsKd ;yJ/ b0 tap;tan§mf tarQmfukd ork',ac:
wm qdkawmY 'gawGNidr;f wmudk ]edAmÁ ef}-ac:wmyJ/
]b0}-qdkwmudk rodb;l qdkvnf; odrmS r[kww f myJ/ wu,f
uawmY ]uHocFg&JU aemufxyfwzefjyKvdkrI t<uif;rJYcsKyfwm}-yJ/
rsuaf rSmufjyKw,f-qdkwmvnf; ½Sjd yefao;w,f/ rsupf ad tmuf
a&mufwm-qdkawmY qdkuaf &mufwm ajymwmyJ/
]edAÁmefa&mufw,f}-qdkwm b0r½S&d m ocFg&rjyK&m
a&mufw,fyJ ajym&r,f/
76/ uma, t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]uma,}-udk r[mowdy|mea'oemrSm bk

&m;a[mw,f/ ]uma,}-udk ]udk,}f -vdkY jrefrmjyefMuw,f/
]uk,
d }f -qdkwm uHaMumifjY zpfw0YJ ifavxGuaf vvnf;
udk,-f yJ/ £&d,mykxaf wGvnf; udk,-f yJ/ pm;jcif;-
pGeYjf cif; pwmawGvnf; udk,-f awGy/J
uHaMumifYjzpfwm r[kwwf JY udk,af wGvnf; trsm;tjym;yJ

½SMd uw,f/ tJonfukd,af wG[m Oyg'geu©E¨mr[kww f JY udk,af wGyJ/
tJonfukd,af wG[m onfrSm ]udk,tf jzpf}-t½IcHxkdurf Sm r[kwb f l;/

'gaMumifY onfrSm udk,t

f jzpf &rSmr[kwb
f l;/ olYobm0 0ifavxGuf
aveJY olYobm0 avsmif;-xdki-f &yf-oGm; £&d,mykxf pwmawGyJ/
77/ a0'emok t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]a0'emok}-udk r[mowdy|me a'oemrSm

bk&m;a[mw,f/ a0'emt& aumif;raumif; tppcHpm;csuf
tm;vkH;udk ]a0'em}-t& raumuf&bl;/
uHaMumifYjzpfwJY cHpm;csuaf 0'em aumif-raumif;
pwmawGyJ onfrSm aumufvkdY&r,f/
onfrSm a0'em[m ]t½IcHw&m;}-yJ/ t½IcHw&m;[m ]'ku©
t&d,opömw&m;}-jzpfw,f/ ]'ku}© -xdkuwf YJ a0'em[m Oyg'geu©
E¨ma0'emawGyJ/ 'gaMumifY Oyg'geu©E¨mxdkuw f JY uHaMumifYjzpfwJY
a0'Ekyg'geu©E¨mudkyJ t&aumuf&rSm jzpfw,f/
78/ pdawå t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]pdwå}-udk owdy|mea'oemrSm bk&m;a[m

w,f/ pdwå t&aumuf&mrSm pdww f kdi;f udk aumufrSm;p&m
jzpfw,f/ onfpw
d [f m t½IcHpw d f jzpfw,f/ 'gaMumifY onfpwd [f m
'ku©t&d,opömxdkuwf JYpw
d f jzpfw,f/ 0dnmPkyg'geu©E¨m jzpf&r,f
aygY/
'gaMumifY onf ]pdw}f -t&aumufwJYtcg uHeJY uH
aMumifjY zpfwYJ pdwyf J aumuf,&l rSmyJ/

79/ "ar®ok t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]"r®}-udk r[mowdy|mea'oemrSm bk&m;

a[mw,f/]"r®}-t&aumuf&mrSmvnf; "r®-trnf&wm
rSeo
f rQ a½SmufaumufwmrsKd ; vkyrf Md up&m ½Sw d ,f/ tJ'g rjzpfbkdY
owdxm;Mu&r,f/ b,fvkd owdxm;&rvJ-qdkawmY onf"r®[m
b,fvkdtrsKd ;tpm;½Swd JY "r®vJ-qdkwmygY/
'gppfvsif t½IcHupd ö½w Sd JY 'ku©t&d,opömxdkuw f JY "r®jzpfwm
awGU&rSmyJ/ 'gqdkvsif Oyg'geu©E¨mxdkuw f JY "r®yJ/ onf"r®t& ,lrrd Sm
aygY/
]uHeYJ uHaMumifjY zpfwYJ oabm"r®qkid &f m "r®awG}-yJ
t&,l&r,f/ um,-a0'em-pdwå t&u vGww f JY
f rQ} "r® t&,l&rSmyJ/
]uHaMumifjY zpfwm rSeo
Ä tydk'(f 193/ "r®)udkvnf; ½Iyg/
80/ um,mEkyóD t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]um,mEkyóD}-udk owdy|mefrSmbk&m;a[m

w,f/ um,mEkyóD teufudk udk,ftavsmuf½Ijcif;?
udk,t
f avsmf ½Ijcif;? onfvkdawGyJ jyef&rSmyJ/
udk,u
f kd udk,t
f wdki;f jrifatmif Munfhw,fyJaygY/ udk,u
f
0ifavxGuaf vqdkvsif 0ifav-udk 0ifav? xGuaf v-udk xGuaf v-
vdkY jrifatmifMunfhw,f xifrSm;p&m ½Sw d ,f/

onfvkdqdkvdkwm r[kwfbl;/ onftMunfh½IcH 0ifxGufav

[m Oyg'geu©E¨mjzpfwJY 0ifxGufav jzpfw,f/ onfawmY tJonf
0ifxGuaf vrSm tvdkqkd;awG yg0ifaew,f/ tbdZÑmeJYAsmyg' wpfrsKd ;
rsKd ;aygY/
onf ]tvdkqkd;ygwJY 0ifxGuaf vudk tvdkqkd;ygwJY
G af vtwdki;f jrifatmif Munf&h rSm}-jzpfw,f/
0ifxu
'gaMumifY 0ifvkdYxGuv f kdY 0ifwmxGuw f modatmif vky&f wm
-vdkY rvkyrf bd kdY vdkw,f/ onfvkdvkyv f sif vlt-jzpfatmif vkyo f vdk
jzpfoGm;r,f/ 0ifwmxGuw f modawmY bmtusKd ;½Srd SmrS r[kww f myJ/
b,frSpw d uf l;r&awmY udavomjzpfwJY tbdZÑm-Asmyg'awG Nidr;f wm
aygY-vdkY ajymrvm;yJ/
tbdZÑm-Asmyg'yJ Nidr;f vsif aumif;ygw,f/ tebdZÑm-tAsm
yg'vdkY qdk&wJY apwemawGçarwåmawGyg Nidr;f ukerf Scufr,f-jyefajym
&r,f/ onfvkdvkyv f sif 'gawGyg Nidr;f ukeMf urSmvnf; trSeyf J/ onf
awmY oHom&opfikwfvdkY ajym&wJY ]vlt}-jzpfwmaygY/
0ifavxGufavudk Munfhwm[m tbdZÑm-Asmyg' rjzpf

atmifMunfhwm r[kwb f l;/ jzpfaewJY tbdZÑm-Asmyg'udk Ni§rd ;f owfzkdY
odatmif Munfw h myJ/ xGuaf v0ifav um,Munfw h m[m wHcg;apmifY
wmvdkyJ/ wHcg;apmifYwm[m vlawG 0ifwmxGuw f m rjzpfatmif
apmifYMunfhwmr[kwb f l;/ rxGurf 0ifoifYwJYvl 0ifwmxGuw f m zrf;zdkY
qD;zdkY apmifYMunfhwmyJ/

r0ifrxGuo f ifYwJY vl[mvnf; vlyJ jzpfw,f/ wHcg;apmifY

[m bmMunfo h vJar;vsif ]vlMunfw
h ,f}-yJ ajym&rSmyJ/wHcg;apmifY
[m vlukd vltavsmuf MunfhwmaygY/ onfrSmvnf; xGuaf v0if
avum,udk xGuaf v0ifav um,tavsmufMunfhw,f ajymwm
yJ/ vlukd vltavsmufMunfhawmY b,fuvmol? b,fukdoGm;rnfhol
odovdk? 0ifavxGufav um,uvnf; b,faMumifY jzpfw,f?
bmudkjzpfapr,f odoljzpfw,f/
tbdZÑm-a'greóu aygufzmG ;ay;vdkuw f YJ xGuaf v

0ifavum, odawmY tbdZÑmeJY a'greóudk owd-
0D&,
d -ynmawGeYJ y,fEkid w
f maygY/'gvkyEf kid zf kYd 0ifav
xGuaf vum,udk 0ifavxGuaf v um,tavsmuf
Munf&h wm jzpfw,f/
81/ a0'emEkyóD t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]a0'emEkyóD}-udk owdy|mefrSm bk&m;a[m

w,f/ a0'emtavsmuf ½IMunfhw,fqkdwm b,fuvmwJY
a0'emvJ/? b,fudkoGm;rnfh a0'emvJ odzdkY MunfhwmyJ/
]a0'Ekyg'geu©Em¨ jzpfawmY tbdZÑm- Asmyg'aMumifY
jzpfwYJ a0'emrSe;f odNyD;? tbdZÑmeJAY smyg'udk azsmuf
Edkiaf tmif ½Iwm}-yJ/

82/ pdwåmEkyóD t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&]pdwåmEkyóD}udk owdy|mefrmS bk&m;a[mw,f/

0dnmPkyg'geu©E¨mpdwu
f kd pdwt
f avsmuf½Iw,f-qdkwm-
]Oyg'gefjzpfwYJ tbdZÑm-Asmyg'awGaMumifY 0dnmPk
yg'geu©Em¨ jzpfaMumif;odNyD; tbdZÑmeJAY smyg' y,fzkYd
½I&wm}-yJ/
83/ "r®mEkyóD t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]"r®mEkyóD}-udk owdy|mefrSm bk&m;a[m

w,f/ Oyg'geu©E¨m oabm"r®awGrSm Oyg'geu©E¨moabm
"r®awGtavsmuf ½IMunfhw,fqkdwm-
]onfoabmawG&JU vm&mudkoNd yD;? tbdZÑm-a'gre
óudk y,fazsmufzkYd owd-0D&,
d -ynmyGm;zdkY Munfh
wm}-yJ/
84/ O',AÁ, t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]O',AÁ,}udk "r®y'a'oemrSm bk&m;a[m

w,f/ O',-tjzpf? 0,-tysuf-vdkY teufxGufw,f/
'gaMumifY tjzpftysuaf wGukd wpf&ufavmufow d mu? rodbJ wpf
oufae&wmxuf jrwfw,f-qdkawmY bm&JUtjzpftysuv f J-ar;zdkY
jzpfw,f/ tjzpftysuq f kdwm Bud,mpum;awGyJ/ tJonfBud,m&JU
uwåm;awGu bmawGvJaygY/

pD;yGm;a&;vm;? Edkiif Ha&;vm;? vlrIa&;vm;?½ky"f mwfemrf"mwf

awGvm;? bmawGvJ/ onftjzpftysufawG[m bmawG&JU tjzpft
ysuv
f J/ t&d,a0g[m& jzpfwJYtwGuf onftjzpftysucf Ht&mawG
[m 'gawGr[kwb f l;/
]Oyg'geu©Em¨ jzpfwYJ uHeu YJ t
H usKd ;awG&UJ tjzpftysu}f -
jzpfw,f/ uHeu YJ t
H usKd ;awGom 'kut
© &d,opömxdkuf
wJw
Y &m; jzpfw,f/ t&d,m[m 'gyJ avYvmMunfh½I
&rSm jzpfw,f/ wjcm; tjzpftysuaf wG[m onfrSm
bmrSrqdkibf l;/
wjcm;tjzpftysuf rodbJ ESpw f pf&maewmxuf? wpf&uf
od&wm jrwfw,f-ajymp&m r½Sdbl;yJ/
85/ 'da|'d|rwå t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]'da|'d|rwå}-udk Am[d,a'oemrSm bk&m;

a[mw,f/ jrif&mü 'd|rwå jrif½kHrQ-[k jrefrmjyefMuw,f/
onft"dyÜg,fjyefcsuf[m t&d,ma0g[m&t& jyefcsufr[kwfbl;/
jrifwmudk jrif½kq
H kv
d sif aumif;çraumif; bmrSrod jzpfrmS yJ/ onfvkd
rodjzpfvsif jrifwmbmtokH;usrSmvJ/ rsupf yd gwm tydkyJ jzpfrSmaygY/
onfvkd t"dyÜg,fjyefqkdol[m twåuv d rxmEka,m*orm;
jzpf&r,f/ olwkdYu todukd &yfxm;csiMf uw,f/ 'grSr[kwv f nf;
t½Sud kd azsmufxm;csiMf uw,f/ jrifwmudk jrif½kHyJjzpf&r,fqkdwm
onfvkdawG vkyfcsufjzpfwm txift½Sm;yJ/

onfpum;u t&d,mpum;yJ/ tJonf a,m*orm;awG&JU

pum; r[kwb f l;/ 'gaMumifY onfvkd teufovd kdY rjzpfbl;/ onfvkdyJ
odvsif vlpOfb,frDrvJ/ t&d,mu vlpÚfrrDatmif vlukd onfvkd
t"dyÜg,frsKd ; b,fajymrSmvJ/ vlukd ½dk;om;jzLpif tjynfh½Sad tmifyJ
ajymrSmyJ/
'gaMumifY onft&d,mpum;vkH; teuft"dyÜg,fukd onfvkd

oday;&r,f/
]'d|rwåqkwd m jrifp&m&JUyrmPvdk?Y jyefNyD; jrifwmrSm
jrifwm&JU yrmPtwdki;f jzpf&r,f}-vdkYaygY/ jrifwm
f wdki;f jzpfzkdYvnf; vdkwmyJ/
rSm jrifwJYtwdki;f t½Snt
onfvdkjrifwm bmxl;vdkYvJ-ar;rvm;yJ/ odyfxl;w,f-vdkY

ajz&rSmyJ/ jrifwmrSm jrifwJYtwdki;f jzpfwm[m cJ,Úf;ygw,f/ udk,f
xifvsif ukwifa½Teef;-qdkwJY pum;ykH? ½Sr;f BudKufvsif EGm;acsm-qdk
wJY pum;yk?H 'gawG[m yrmPrSet f wdki;f rjrifMubJ? pdwx
f ½J o
dS vdkom
jrifMuykH oufaoawGaygY/
onfvkd ]udk,jf rifcsio
f vdk pdwx f if&m rjrifMubJ
jrif&wm&JU twdki;f txGm½S½d Sd jrifzkdY} nTejf ywmyJ/
udk,YftpGJOyg'gefawGeJY rjrifbJ jrifp&myrmP twdki;f jrif

atmifvkyw
f m[m t&d,jzpfzykYd aJ ygY/ jrifp&mudk jrifp&myrmP twdki;f

jrifwm[m tzdk;wefygw,f/ 'ku©jzpfwJY jrifp&mudk 'ku©jzpfwJY twdki;f

t½Sn½f ½dS dS jrifwm b,favmufaumif;ovJ/ jrifp&mudk jrif½kjH zpfatmif
vkywf m[m 'ku©jzpfp&mrSe;f rod jzpfNyD;? 'ku©a&muf&zdkYyJ/ 'gaMumifY-
jrifp&myrmPtwdki;f jrifjcif;[m 'd|rwåjzpfaMumif;
rSwof m;Mu&rSmyJ/ okwrwå? rkwrwå? 0dnmPrwå
qdkwJY ]tMum;-tawGU-todawGrSmvnf; twdki;f t
½Sn½f ½dS dS Mum;rI-awGUr-I odraI wG}-udk ,l&rSmudk odMu
&r,f/
86/ oDv t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& Ä]oDv}-udk Z#ma'oemrSmbk&m; a[mw,f/

t&d,ma0g[m& ]oDv}-teuf[m oDvteuf&JU wifpm;
csuf jzpfw,f/
]oDv}-[m ausmufawmif-vdkY teuf&r,f/ausmufawmif
[m tcgra½G; ra½GUovdk ra½GUvsm;&rnfht&m jzpfvkdY onf]oDv}-
udkvnf; ]oDv}-vdkYac:wm jzpfw,f/ ausmufawmif&JU ]oDv}-
trnfukd vlwkYad pmifYxed ;f rIrSm ra½GUvsm;&rSmcsi;f wlvkYd vlYapmifYxed ;f rI-
udkvnf; oDv-ac:w,faygY/ vlYapmifYxed ;f rIoDv[m bmawGvJ¿/
Ä rSwf&ef/ ]oDav ywd|m, ea&m oyanm? pdwåHynÚö bm0,H/

tmwmyD edyaum bdu©L? aom £rH 0dZ#a, Z#EÅd/
(oH,kwåedum,f? o*gxm0*¾oH,kwf? a'0wmoH,kwf?
owåd0*f? Z#mokwf)

vl[m txD;usev f l r[kwb f l;/ vlYtzGJUtpnf;0ifvl

jzpfw,f/ ]vlYtzGJUtpnf;0if vl[m vlYtzGJUtpnf;&JU
pnf;urf;rsm;udk vdkuef m&w,f/ tJonf pnf;urf;
rsm;[m ]oDv}yJ/
pnf;urf;u bmawGvJ¿/
tajym-tjyK-taeawGrmS a½Smifoifw Y m a½SmifzkeYd YJ aqmifoifY
wm aqmifzkdYawGyJ/EIwef JY rajymoifYwm rajymbJ? ajymoifYwm ajym
wm[mvnf; vlYvkduef m&rSm wpfckyJ/ udk,ef JYrjyKoifYwm rjyKbJ?
jyKoifYwm jyKwm[mvnf; vlYvkduef m&rSm aemufwpfckyJ/ raeoifYwJY
udk,v
f ufrsuEf SmeJY raebJ? aeoifYwJY udk,vf ufrsuEf SmeJY aewm[m
vnf; vlvkduef m&rnfh aemufwpfckyJ/ onfokH;ck[m vlYoDvawGyJ/
udk,-f EIw-f ESvkH; &yfwnfcsuaf wG&JU emrnfawGyg/
'gawGvdkufemwm[m tjrif-vdkao;w,f/ vdkufemzdkY nTef

Mum;cH&vdkY vdkuef mwmrSm tavYtxt& vdkuef mwm?taMumuft
arQmfawGaxmufNyD; vdkuef mwmawG[m vdkuef mayrJY t&d,a0g[m&
]oDv}-&JU teuftw¬oDv r[kwfbl;/ tusL;vGefcH&oludk tm;em
oem;NyD; vdkuef mwm[mvnf; t&d,a0g[m& oDvteufvnf;
r[kwfbl;bJ/
]vdkuef mp&mudk rvdkuef mvdk?Y rvdkuef molrmS 'ku©
a&mufwmjrifNyD; vdkuef mrS? t&d,a0g[m&]oDvw¬}
jzpfw,f/

rajymoifYwm ajymvsi?f ajymol 'ku©a&mufr,f/

ajymoifYwm rajymvsi?f rajymol 'ku©a&mufr,f/
rjyKoifYwm jyKvsi?f jyKol 'ku©a&mufr,f/
jyKoifYwm rjyKvsi?f rjyKol 'ku©a&mufr,f/
raeoifYwJYrsufESmeJY aevsif? aeol 'ku©a&mufr,f/
aeoifYwJYrsufESmeJY raevsif? raeol 'ku©a&mufr,f/
onf 'ku©a&mufrIawG[m jrifcJYwJY jrifp&mawGyJ/ rajymoifY

wm ajymvdkY? ajymoifYwm rajymvdkY okc&wmawG jzpfaewwfw,f/
cHpm;vsuo f kcaygY/ rjyKoifYwm jyKNyD;? jyKoifYwm rjyKvdkYvnf; onf
vdkyJ/ raeoifYwm aeNyD;? aeoifYwmraevdkYvnf; onfvkdyJ cHpm;csuf
okcawG jzpfwwfMuw,f/
vl[m cHpm;csut f odukd odzkdYrSm tm;pdkupf &mrvdkbJ tvdkvkd

odMuw,f/ onfawmY onftod[m ydwq f kdYaeawmY tjzpfqkd;0g;csuf
]'ku©}-udk rodEkdif jzpfMu&w,f/
tjzpfqkd;'ku©-[m odzkdYcJ,Úf;ayrJY xifxif½Sm;½Sm;rjzpfwm

r[kwb f l;/ b0ajymif;vJ cHoGm;&wJYtxd xif½Sm;atmifjzpfwmyJ/
'gayrJY b0ajymif;cH&wmudk b0ajymif;cH&w,fvkdY rodbl;/ tvsif
b0odwmu tvsib f 0todeJY odNyD;? aemufb0todukd aemufb0
todeJYyJow d m jzpfawmY aemufb0todeJY tvsib f 0 jyefrodEkid w
f m

aMumifY b0ajymif;cH&wmudk rodMuwmyJ/ onfawmY cHpm;csut

f od
uyJ vufOD;wmaygY/
'gaMumifY ]'kut © jrif]-[m jrifcw J tYJ jrif jzpfw,f/

onftjrifeJY-
rajymoifw Y m rajymbJ?ajymoifw Y m ajym&r,f/ rjyK
oifw Y m rjyKbJ? jyKoifw Y m jyK&r,f/ raeoifYwJY
rsuEf mS eJY raebJ? aeoifw Y rYJ suEf mS eJY ae&r,f/ vl&JU
onf&yfwnfcsu[ f m t&d,a0g[m&jzpfwJY? t&d,m
wdkYneT jf ywJY oDv&JU teuftw¬y/J
Ä«tydk'f 104/ oDv-udkvnf;MunfYyg/»
87/ pdwåbm0em t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]pdwåbm0em}-udk Z#ma'oemrSm bk&m;a[m

w,f/]pdaEÅwd vu©PH OyedZÑm,wDwd pdwåH}/ vu©Pmudk
uyf½IBuHpnfwwfwmaMumifY pdwå-ajym&NyD;? onfpw d åukd rsm;pGmjzpf
apcH&vdkY ]pdwåbm0em}-aygY/
qdkvkcd suu
f pdw-f qdkayrJY ]orm"d}-yJ/ orm"duvnf; pdwef YJ
twljzpfw&m; jzpfvkdY pdwuf kd tOD;jyKajymcsuf jzpfw,f/
pdwåbm0emudk ½lyg½ly'óejzpfwJY tm&r®PlyedZÑmeteuf

awG ajymwwfMuw,f/ tJ'g t&d,a0g[m& pdwåbm0emteuf

r[kwb f ;l / t&d,a0g[m& bm0em-teufu vu©Pyl edZÑme teuf

jzpfwJY ]r*¾bm0em}-teuf jzpf&rSmyJ/
bm&JU vu©PmawGvJ¿
Oyg'geu©E¨mawG&JU vu©PmawGaygY/
Oyg'geu©E¨m-qdkwm uHeJY uHtusKd ;cE¨mawG jzpfw,f/
uHeJYuHusKd ; qdkwmuvnf; rormwJY udk,Ef IwEf SvkH;trIeJY?
tJ'g&JUtusKd ; jzpfwJY rdpäm0gpm? rdpämur®EÅ? rdpämtmZD0awGaygY/
tJonf pdwåbm0emurS oDvay:rSm&yfwnfNyD; yGm;rsm;wJY

pdwf jzpfwmaygY/ rormwJY 0gpm-ur®EÅ-tmZD0awGay: &yfwnfvsif
tJonf&yfwnf&mu Oyg'geu©E¨m jzpfawmY Oyg'geu©E¨myJ pdwuf l;rI
pdwåbm0emyJ jzpfrSmaygY/
onfvkdqkdvsif te&d,a0g[m& pdwåbm0emyJjzpfvrd Yfr,f/

t&d,a0g[m& pdwåbm0emjzpfzkdYqkdvsif Oyg'geu©E¨muvGww f JY
&yfwnf&m oDvay:rSm&yfwnfNyD; Oyg'geu©E¨mjzpfwJY uHeJYuHusKd ;awG
&JU qdk;0g;wJYvu©PmawG jrifEkdirf SmaygY/
udk,u f rSm;aevsif rSm;wm&JUtjypfukd rjrifbl;? rrSm;wm&JU
tjypfyJ jrifw,f/ udk,u f rrSm;rS rSm;wJYtjypf jrifEkdiw
f ,f/ onfvkd
yJ Oyg'geu©E¨may: &yfwnfaevsif Oyg'geu©E¨m&JUtjypf rjrifbl;/
Oyg'geu©E¨mjzpfwJY uHvGefusL;rIawGuvGwf&m oDvrSm&yfwnfrS
Oyg'geu©E¨m&JU tjypfvu©PmawGudk jrifEdkifw,f/

onfawmY ]pdwåbm0em-qdkwm oDvpdwaf wGukd t

xyfxyfwnfjzpfapcsu&f UJ trnf}-yJ jzpfw,f/
b,fvdk oDvpdwfawG txyfxyfjzpfapovJ-ajym&r,f/

oDvysuv f sif jyifwJYpw
d f xm;w,f/
oDvrysuv f sif qufrysuaf pzdkY pdwx
f m;w,f/
oDvysuzf kdYqD tOD;rlvsif tJonftOD;rlwmawGazsmufwJYpwd f
xm;w,f/
oDvwnfaevsif oDvysu&f JUtjypfjzpfwJY Oyg'geu©E¨mqdkwJY
uHeJYuHusKd ;wdkU&JU qdk;0g;wJYvu©PmawGxifzkdY pdwx f m;w,f/
onfvdk oDvpdwf"mwfawG txyfxyfjzpfapwmyJ/

'g[m pdwåbm0em&JU teuftw¬awGyJ/
pdwåbm0emqdkwm rdr&d yfwnf&m oDveJYpyfNyD;?½Sio f ef

jzpfxeG ;f rIqkid &f m tjrifpw
d "f mwfrsm;udk jzpfymG ;aprIyJ/
oDvpdw"f mwfjzpfyGm;aprI-vdkY wdkwkdajymvnf; &rSmyJ/
oDveJYpyfNyD; vkHYvawG? owdawG? pl;pdkurf IawG xm;
wm[m oDvpdw"f mwfawGy/'gawG txyfxyfjzpfap
wm bm0emqdkawmY? pdwåbm0em[m oDvpdw"f mwf
txyfxyfjzpfapwm-vdkYyJajym&r,f/

88/ ynmbm0em t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]ynmbm0em}-udk Z#ma'oemrSm bk&m;a[m

w,f/ ynmbm0em-qdkwm ynmudk txyfxyfjzpfapcsu-f
vdkY omreftm;jzifY teuf½Sw
d ,f/
'gt&qdkvsif ynmtrnf &wmawGxu J wpfrsKd ;rsKd ;udk jzpfap
wmwdki;f ]ynmbm0em}-ajym&rvdkvkd ½Sw
d ,f/
t&d,a0g[m& ]ynm}-u onfvdkr[kwfbl;/

t&d,mtjzpfukd jzpfapwJY todynmudkom ]ynm}-
t&aumuf&r,f/ todynmqdkvkdY vl½kd;om;rIt&d,m
jzpfzkdYqkdi&f m todynmudkom ]ynm}-qdkvkdw,f/ tJ
onftod[m Oyg'geu©E¨mawG[m qdk;0g;MuaMumif;
odjrifrt I od jzpfw,f/
onfrmS Oyg'geu©Em¨ qdkwmvnf; vlrmS arG;uwnf;u olzY m

omygvmwJYcE¨m r[kwb f l;/ vlu rormyJ? ajymrI-jyKrI-aerIqkdwJY
oDvysuaf wG usL;vGe&f mu jzpfvmwJYcE¨m jzpfw,f/ {nfhonfcE¨m
awGaygY/ onfcE¨mawG[m qdk;0g;Muw,f/ 'ku©jzpfMuw,faygY/
onfcE¨m&JU 'ku©jzpfrI[m tjzpfcHae&wJYvlu ]'ku©}-vdkY rod&wJY
'ku©jzpfrI jzpfw,f/ cHpm;csuq f kd; r[kwv
f kdYaygY/

'gaMumifY onf'ku©udk vlawG rodMubl;/ onfawmY onf

'ku©ukd raMumufMubl;/ raMumufawmY onf'ku©½Sif Oyg'geu©E¨m
jzpfwJY oDvysufawGudk vlawG txyfxyfvkyfMuw,f/ onfvdkeJYyJ
vlawG[m ½dk;rvmbJ qdk;oGm;MuwmyJ/
onf ]'ku©}odwJYynm ay:zdkYrSm awG;ac:,lvkdY r&bl;/ oif

Mum;vdv kY nf; r&bl;/ Oyg'geu©Em¨ jzpfwYJ oDvysuaf wGu vGwaf tmif
xGufaerS ynmay:rSm jzpfw,f/ onfcE¨mawG rjzpfaerS onfcE¨m
&JUqdk;0g;jypfawGudk jrifEdkifwJYynm ay:w,faygY/
t&d,a0g[m& ]ynm}-jzpfzkdY t&d,a0g[m&oDv vky&f

w,f/ t&d,a0g[m&oDv ½Szd v kYd nf; t&d,a0g[m&ynm yGm;&w,f/
onfESpcf k[m wpfckr½Sv d sif wpfck r½Sbd l;/ wpfck½Sv
d sif usew
f pfck
½Sw
d myJ/ 'gaMumifY Oyg'geu©E¨m&JU 'ku©tjzpfukdowd m t&d,a0g[m
&ynm&JU trnfemryJ/ wjcm;odwmawG trsKd ;rsKd ;[m ynmawG jzpf
aumif;jzpfr,f? t&d,a0g[m& ynmawmY r[kwb f l;/


tcef;(7)
eruúm& t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
89/ eruúm& yk&dr'do t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
e ruúm& ]yk&rd 'do}-½Scd kd;&rnfhta½SUt&yfqkdwJY t&d,a0g[m

& ½Sdw,f/ tJ'g aexGuf&mt&yfjzpfwJY ta½SUt&yfr[kwf/
rdru
d kd arG;zGm;ay;Muol trdeJYtzwdkY&JUtrnf jzpfw,f/
yk&rd 'do=ta½SUt&yf[m omreftm;jzifY aexGu&f m
t&yf jzpfw,f/ t&d,a0g[m&rSm ]rdbESpyf g;}-
jzpfw,f/
90/ rmwmydwk eruúm& t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& rmwmydwk eruúm&=rdb½Scd kd;jcif; qdkwJYteuf

[m rdbudk xdjcif;ig;yg;eJY ½Scd k;d rIjyKvkyjf cif; r[kw/f ½Scd k;d jcif;
&JU teuf&if;rSm ]nTwu f kdi;f ½Iid ;f jcif;}-jzpfw,f/ rdbtay: nTwu f kdi;f
½Iid ;f rIrSm xdjcif;ig;yg;jzifY nTwu f kdi;f ½Iid ;f rI r[kw/f
rdbudk eruúm&=½Scd kd;w,f-qdkwm-
rdbudk jyKpkvkyaf uR;rI? rdbudpö aqmif½u G rf ?I rdb
tqk;H tr emcHr?I uG,v f eG v
f siyf if rdbudk ae&may;
f mawGy/J ]rdbeJpY yfNyD; om;orD;
ylaZmfrrI sm; jyKvkyw
wdkY &yfwnf&rnfhoDvrsm; rusKd ;raygufatmif apmifY
xde;f &yfwnfjcif;}-[m rdbudk eruúm&jyKjcif;yJ/

91/ eruúm& 'u©dPm'do t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
e ruúm& 'u©P
[m& &Sw
d m'do-&Scd kd;&rnfhawmift&yf-qdkwJY t&d,a0g
d ,f/'g&JUteuf[m aexGu&f mudkrsuEf mS rlvsif vusmf
bufuswJY t&yf&JUtrnf r[kwb f l;/ tJ'gu te&d, a0g[m&w¬yJ/
t&d,a0g[m&teuf[m ]q&m}-udkac:a0:wJY 'kwd
,trnf jzpfw,f/ q&m[m vusmf bufvkd tm;
udk;&wJt
Y &m jzpfvyYkd /J
92/ tmp&d,eruúm& t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
q &mudk&cSd kd;jcif;=tmp&d, eruúm&-qdkwJY a0g[m&udk t&d,m

wdkY ajymcJYMuw,f/ q&mudk b,fvkd&Scd kd;rvJ/ te&d,vdku
awmY vufq,fjzmxdyrf Smrdk;NyD; &Scd kd;w,f-ajymrSmyJ/
t&d,a0g[m&w¬u onfvkdr[kwb f l;/
av;pm;&r,f? csO;f uyf&r,f? emMum;&r,f? jyKpk&
r,f? oif,&l r,f/ 'gawG[m tmp&d, 0Eémum&
awGy/J t&d,a0g[m& teufrmS q&mudk&cdS k;d jcif; qdk
wm 'gawGy/J
93/ eruúm& ypädr'do t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm ]eruúm& ypädr'do=½Sdcdk;&rnfh taemuft

&yf}-qdkwm &Sw
d ,f/ teufu ae0if&mt&yfukd ypärd 'do-
vdkY r&bl;/

t&d,a0g[m&teufrmS ½Scd k;d &rnfh ypärd 'do-[m

]r,m;}-jzpfw,f/ r,m;[m rdr&d UJ aemufuvl jzpf
vdkYyJ/
94/ b&d,eruúm& t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm b&d,eruúm&=ZeD;om;r,m;udk ½Scd kd;jcif;

-vdkY ½Sw
d ,f/ vifa,musmf ;[m ZeD;r,m;udk b,fvkd½Scd kd;r
vJ/ t&d,a0g[m&rSm ZeD;r,m;udk eruúm& b,fvkd½cSd kd;w,fqkdwm
jyw,f/
raxrJu Y if;? tyfEiS ;f Opöm? rdpämrrSm;?0wfpm;qif,if?
jrwfEk;d Muif/'gawG[m ZeD;om;r,m;udkvifa,musmf ;
u ½Scd kd;nTw½f iId ;f ykHtjcif;t&m eruúm&awGy/J
95/ eruúm& Owå&'do t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm eruúm& Owå&'do=½Scd kd;tyfwJY ajrmuft

&yf-qdkwm ½Sw
d ,f/ tJonfajrmuft&yf[m aexGu&f mrsuf
ESmrlvsif vuf0JuswJYt&yf r[kwbf l;/ tJonf teuft"dyÜg,f[m
te&d,awG&JU teuftw¬yJ/
t&d,ma0g[m&teufrmS rdwaf qGjzpfwv
YJ rl sm; jzpfw,f/ rdwf
aqG[m rdrt d wGuf vuf0Jvufsmbufvkd tm;jyK&wJYt&mjzpfvkdYyJ/
'gaMumifY t&d,a0g[m&w¬rSm Owå&'do[m ]rdwf
aqG}-&JUtrnf jzpfw,f/

96/ rdwåmrpö erómum& t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm rdwåmrpö erómum&=rdwaf qGukd ½Scd kd;0E´

emjyKjcif;qdkwm ½Sw
d ,f/ 'g b,fvk½d cdS k;d &rvJ/ ajcpkrH wfwwf
&yfNyD;? vuf0g;ESpb f ufyl;NyD;? &ifywfem;rSm xm;jywmrsKd ;vkyw f m-
vdkY ajzzdkY½Sw
d ,f/ 'gu te&d, erómum&yJ/
t&d,a0g[m& rdwåmrpö erómum&[m onfvkd r[kwf

ygbl;/
pGeBYf uJay;urf;rI?cspzf ,
G af jymqdkr?I tusKd ;aqmifr?I rdrd
eJx
Y yfwl qufqrH ?I rcRwfr,Gi;f ajymqdkrI/ 'gawG[m
t&d,a0g[m& rdwåmrpö erómum&=rdwaf qG½cdS kd;ykH
tjcif;t&mawG&UJ trnfawGy/J
rdwaf qG½Scd kd;w,fqkdwm t&d,mrsm;u rdwaf qGukd vuftkyf
csDwmvdkY rqdkvkdbl;/
97/ eruúm& a[|dr'do t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm eruúm& a[|dr'do=½Scd kd;tyfwJYatmuft&yf

qdkwm ½Sw d ,f/ atmuft&yfqkw
d m ajcz0g;atmufu atmuf
t&yfr[kwb f l;/
rdr&d JU vufatmufuvljzpfvkdY atmuft&yfajym&wm
jzpfw,f/

tJonfvlu aus;uReftaptyg; tvkyform;yJ/

tJ'gudk a[|dr'do=atmuft&yfvkYd ok;H xm;wmjzpfw,f/ t&yfa'o
&JU emrnf r[kwb
f l;/ vl&JUemrnfyJ/ ]atmufvl}-udk t& ,l&r,f/
98/ 'gour®um& eruúm& t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm 'gour®um& eruúm&=uReftvkyo

udk ½Scd kd;w,fqkdwm ½Sw
d ,f/ uReftvkyv
f kyo
f rm;
f lukd b,fvkd
½Scd kd;rvJ/
t&d,mwdkY a0g[m&rSm uReftvkyo

f rm;udk ½Scd kd;ykHtjcif;t&m
udk onfvdkjyw,f-
Edkiw
f mudk vkyaf qmifapjcif;? auR;arG;jcif;? use;f rm
atmif ulnjD cif;?pm;aomufz, G f ay;a0jcif;? cGi&Yf uf
ay;jcif;? t0wftqif vkaH pjcif;/'gawG[m 'gour®
um& eruúm& awGy/J
99/ eruúm& Oy&dr'do t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm eruúm& Oy&dr'do-qdkwm ½Sw

teuft"dyÜg,f[m txuft&yfvkdY r[kwb
d ,f/ 'g&JU
f l;/
]orP jA[®P}-awG[m rdrtd xufrSm ½So
d lawG
jzpfw,f/ 'gaMumifY txuft&yfqkw
d m olwku
Yd kd ,l
&rSm jzpfw,f/

100/ orPjA[®P erómum& t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
o rPjA[®P erómum&=&[ef;eJYoljrwfawGukd ½Scd kd;ykH t

jcif;t&m-qdkwJY t&d,ma0g[m& ½Sw d ,f/ b,fvkd ½Scd kd;rvJ
qdkwm 'gudkawmY odvG,w f ,f/ xdjcif;ig;yg;eJY 0wfjyKwmjzpfjzpf?
OD;acgif;nTww f mjzpfjzpf? vuftkycf sDwmjzpfjzpf? qvHwifwmjzpfjzpf?
tppawGyJ/
'gawGtukev f kH;[m ½Scd kd;ykHtjcif;t&m awGyJ/
'gawGavmufawmifruwm awGY&r,f/ tJ'gawGu-
udk,ef YJ arwåm½Sad Mumif;jyorI? EIwef YJ arwåm½Sad Mumif;
jyorI?pdwef YJ arwåm½Sad Mumif; jyorI? vdkwmawmif;zdkY
cGijYf yKrI? vdk&mudk wwfEkid o
f rQ jznfYqD;rI/ 'gawG[m
orPjA[®PawGukd ½Scd k;d wmawGy/J
101/ eróm&[*kP t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm ½Scd kd;cHxkduo

f lt&nftcsi;f eróm&[*kP
-qdkwm ½Sdw,f/ rdbjzpfjcif;? q&mjzpfjcif; tppawG
r[kwb f l;/ rdb-q&mtppjzpfumrQeJY ]½Scd kd;cHxkduo
f l t&nftcsi;f }
½SNd yD rqdktyfbl;/
½Scd k;d cHxku
d o
f l rdb-q&m tppjzpfzkYd raumif;rI q,fY
av;yg;uif;zdkY vdkw,f/ q,fYav;yg;u-uHqkd;av;
yg;? t*wd av;yg;eJY pnf;pdryf suaf Mumif; ajcmufyg;
wdkYy/J

uHqkd;av;yg;u- owf? cdk;? vdr?f tm½kHusL;yJ/

t*wdav;yg;u- qE´m*wd? a'gom*wd? b,m*wd? arm
[m*wdyJ/
pnf;pdryf suaf Mumif;ajcmufyg;u-rl;atmifaomuf? tcgrJY
oGm;? yGv
J rf;vdkupf m;?tavmif;tpm;vdku?f
rdwaf qG,kwaf ygif;? ysi;f &dyJ/
'gawGyJ/ onfq,fYav;yg;[m t0E´m&*kkPac: ½Srd cdk;xdkuf
wJY t&nftcsif;awGyJ/ 'gawG½SdaewJY rdb-q&m pwmawG[m
½Scd kd;rcHxkduo
f lawGyJ/
102/ 0wåmum& t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm 0wåmum&=0wfjyKrIqkdwm ½Sw d ,f/ 'g&JUt

euftw¬[m eruúm&eJY xyfwljzpfw,f/ om;orD;u rdb
udk0wfjyKawmY rdbuvnf; om;orD;udk0wfjyKnTwf½Idif;&w,f/
wynfh[m q&mudk 0wfjyKawmY q&muvnf; wynfhukd 0wfjyK&
w,f/ r,m;u vifukd0wfjyKawmY vifuvnf; r,m;udk 0wfjyK&
w,f/ rdru d rdwaf qGukd0wfjyKawmY rdwaf qGuvnf; rdru d kd 0wfjyK&
w,f/ aus;uReftvkyo f rm;u t½Siu f kd0wfjyKawmY t½Siu f vnf;
aus;uReftvkyo f rm;udk 0wfjyK&w,f/ &[ef;orPudk 'umu
0wfjyKawmY &[ef;orPuvnf; 'umudk 0wfjyK&w,f/
onf0wfawG[m eruúm&rIawGyJ/

om;orD;polu rdbpolukd eruúm&rIjyKwm odcJYNyD/ rdb

polu om;orD;polukd eruúm&rIjyKwm rodao;bl;/
raumif;jrpfxm? aumif;&mnTev f wf? twwfoifap?
ay;a0ES;D &if;? xdr;f jrm;jcif;/ 'gawG[m rdb&JU0wfjyKrIyJ/
onfvkyd J q&m&JU0wfjyKrI? r,m;&JU0wfjyKrI? rdwaf qG&UJ 0wfjyKrI?

uRef&JU0wfjyKrI? &[ef;&JU0wfjyKrIawG ½Sad v&JU/ ½SmazG rSwo
f m;xm;yg/
onf 0wåmum&=0wfjyKrIawG[m oDvawGyJ jzpf
w,f/ 0wfysuv
f sif oDvysuw
f myJ/ 0wfwnfaerS
oDvvnf; wnfaer,f/
onfawmY 0wfjyKwm&,f? eruúm& jyKwm&,f? oDvorm'ge
jzpfwm&,f? 'gawG[m xyfwlawGyJ/ oDvjznfhwmu wjcm;? ½Sdcdk;
wmu wjcm;? 0wfwufwmu wjcm;? onfvkdxifvsif trSeu f srsSm
r[kwb f l;/
«q&mYusiY0f wf/ ]twwfvnf;oif?yJYjyifqkH;r?odyÜrcse?f ab;&efqD;um?oifY&m
tyfykdY?q&mwdkY?usiYfzkdY 0wfig;jzm/}
r,m;usifY0wf/ ]tdrw f Gi;f rIvky?f odr;f xkyaf ocsm?rdpämMuOfa½Smif?avsmaf tmif
jzefYcsd?ysif;&drrl?0wfig;ql?tdrfolusifYtyfpGm/}
wkHYjyefrdwfaqGusifY0wf/ ]arYavQmYapmifYvm?OpömapmifYa½Smuf?ab;a&mufukd;
uG,?f ab;wG,rf ypf?om;jrpfpOfquf?rysucf s;D yif?Y 0wfig;qifY jyKusirYf w d af qGrsm;}/
tvkyo f rm;usi0Yf wf/ ]tdyaf omfaemufus? xaomfum;a½S;? ay;rS,ltyf?
apYpyfaqmif½Guf?aus;Zl;>ruf?ig;csufvkyfom;0wf}/
&[ef;(orP-jA[®P)usifY0wf/ ]raumif;jrpfxm?aumif;&mnTev f pf?topf
a[musL;?emzl;xyfrH?ewfxHwif&m?arwåmvnf;jyK?&[ef;rI ajcmufckvGeaf ocsm}/

tcef;(8)
bm0em t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
103/ 'ge t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm ]'ge=ay;jcif;}-qdkwm ½Sw d ,f/ 'ge&JUteuf

tw¬[m ay;jcif;wdkif;eJY rqufpyfbl;/ ay;jcif;awG[m
tMurf;tm;jzifY av;rsdK;½Sdw,f-
(1) &vdktodeJY ay;jcif;?
(2) jzpfysut f odeJY ay;jcif;?
(3) jzpfysuNf idr;f &mtodeJY ay;jcif;?
(4) trIuHtodeJY ay;jcif;-yJ/
a½SUokH;rsKd ;[m t&d,a0g[m& ]'ge}r[kwb

f l;/ ]trI
MunfNY yD;ay;jcif;}-om t&d,a0g[m&'ge&JU teuf
tw¬ jzpfw,f/
vufiif;jzpfap? wrvGejf zpfap &vdrYEf kd; arQmfukd;ay;urf;jcif;

[m &vdkvkdY ay;jcif;yJ/
jzpfysuef JY jzpfysuNf idr;f &mtodeJY aeol[m ay;p&m&JUyrmP
rodjzpfNyD;? apmifYa½Smufpw d rf JYeJY ay;jcif;[m jzpfysuef JYjzpfysuNf idr;f &m
todeJY ay;jcif;yJ/

trItavsmuf avmutusKd ;rsm;rnft h rIukd csD;ajr§muf

apmifaY ½SmufreI YJ ay;jcif;[m trItodeYJ ay;jcif;yJ/
opfyif-wd&pämefrsm;udk jyKpkraI y;&mrSm opfyif-wd&
pämefwk&Yd UJ jzpfxeG ;f vmrnfh taeudk ajrmfjrifNyD; jyKpkrI
ay;ouJo Y kYd ay;jcif;rsKd ;[m t&d,a0g[m& 'ge&JU t
eufjzpfw,f/
Ä «tydk'f192/ 'ge-udkvnf; MunfYyg/»
104/ oDv t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm ]oDv=NrJNrH&yfwnfcsu}f -vkYd ½Sw d ,f/ oDv&JU

teuf[m udk,-f EIw-f ESvkH; aumif;jcif;wdki;f &JUtrnf r[kwf
bl;/ rSm;,Gi;f wJYokH;oyfcsujf zpfwJY pdwåZeJY udk,-f EIw-f ESvkH;aumif;
aewmawG[m t&d,ma0g[m&oDv r[kwMf ubl;/ oDvvnf; av;
rsKd ;½SEd kdiw
f ,f-
(1) &vdkrItodeJY udk,-f EIw-f ESvkH;aumif;rI/
(2) jzpfysut f odeJY udk,-f EIw-f ESvkH;aumif;rI/
(3) jzpfysuNf idr;f &mtodeJY udk,çf EIwçf ESvkH;aumif;rI/
(4) trItodeJY udk,-f EIw-f ESvkH;aumif;rI/
vufiif;a&m wrvGeyf g aumif;wJt Y jzpf&vdkreI YJ udk,-f EIw-f
ESvkH;apmifYpnf;rI[m &vdkrIeJY apmifYrIyJ/
jzpfysuef JY jzpfysuNf idr;f &mtodaMumifY apmifYpnf;p&mrvdkbJ
udk,-f EIw-f ESvkH;aumif;rIoDv/

onfoDvawG[m t&d,a0g[m&oDvjzpfzkdY aumif;rI

aumif;&mrSm &yfwnfaerdaeumrQeJY rNyD;bl;/ aumif;
rIaumif;&mrSm &yfwnfrad e&jcif;&JUtaMumif;odjrifNyD;
&yfwnfaerdwmjzpfzkdY vdkw,f/ tJonf taMumif;u
vnf; r&yfwnfvsif qdk;0g;wJYtjzpfukd pdwåZrygbJ
odjrif&rSmjzpfw,f/ 'g[m ]trItodeYJ udk,-f EIw-f
ESvk;H aumif;rI}-yJ/ 'gyJ t&d,a0g[m& oDvteuf
jzpfw,f/
Ä«tydk'f 86/ oDvudkvnf; MunfYyg»
105/ bm0em t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm bm0em=yGm;p&mqdkwm ½Sw

0em&JUteuf[m a,m*awG r[kwb
d ,f/ onfbm
f ;l / wpfcck t
k m½kaH wGaemuf
vdkuvf kyw
f mawG[m a,m*awGyJ/ tm½kHawGu umrtm½kH? ½lyg½ly
tm½kHawG jzpfw,f/
onfbm0emu tJonf tm½kHawGaemuf vdkuNf yD; tJ
onftm½kaH wGeYJ tNrJ,ÚS pf yfaezdkv
Y kyif ef; r[kwv f kdYyJ/
tJonftm½kaH wGeYJ tNrJ,ÚS pf yfaezdkv
Y kyif ef;&JU qefuY sif
bufrSmaeNyD;? tJonfvkyif ef;&JU pufqkwzf , G f jzpfykH
h YJ vkyif ef;yJ/
Munfw
onfbm0emrSm oDvvnf; ygr,f? orm"d-ynmvnf; yg
r,f/ tJ'g t&d,a0g[m& bm0em&JUteufyJ/ yXrqkH; oDvudk

jzpfap&w,f/ aemufrSm tJonfjzpfapcsuo

f Dvudk rsm;xufrsm;
jzpfap&w,f/ onfbm0em&JUtm½kHawG[m umrç½lyg½lyawG r[kwf
wmyJ/
106/ jA[® t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm ]jA[®}-qdkwm ½Sw d ,f/ jA[®qkwd YJ pum;vk;H &JU

teuf[m rdk;pGerf k;d zsm;rSmaeMuw,f-qdkwYJ olawG r[kwb f ;l /
txufwef;tusqk;H tawG;-tjrifawGeYJ arGYavsmf
aeMuolawG[m jA[®qkw
d YJ t&d,a0g[m&&JU teuf
t& aumufyJ/ omoemawmfvkdajymvsif ]&[EÅm}-
[m ]jA[®}-t&d,ma0g[m&&JU teufy/J
107/ a'0 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm ]a'0}-qdkwm ½Sw

a'0&JU teuf[m awmifay:aumif;uifrSm½So
d ,f/ t&d,ma0g[m&
d lawG&JUtrnf
r[kwb
f l;/
]jrifYjrwfausmaf pmMuol *kP½f Siaf wG&JU trnf}- jzpf
w,f/ *kPo f &d ½f o
Sd l[m t&d,a0g[m& a'0&JU t
euftw¬yJ/

108/ rEkó t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm ]rEkó}-qdkwpYJ um;vk;H ½Sw d ,f/ t&d,a0g

[m& rEkó&JUteuf[m rdbESpyf g;u arG;zGm;cH&umrQol&JU
trnf r[kwb f l;/ vlrb d ESpyf g;u arG;zGm;cH&olrSm rsupf -d em;-
ESm-vQm-udk,ef YJ OD;aESmuf½w
dS ,f/ 'gawG aumif;aumif; tvkyv f kyo
f l
rS vl-vdkY ajym&w,f/
'gawG aumif;aumif; tvkyrf vkyEf kdiaf o;olukd vlvm;

rajrmufao;ol-vdkY ajym&w,f r[kwvf m;/ tJ'gu uav;awGaygY/
tJonfolawGukd vlrjzpfao;ol-vdkYvnf; rSw,
f l&w,f/ vl&mr0if
ao;olyJ/
vlYrsupf [
d m ywf0ef;usit f qif;awGukd vlxJoGi;f wJY ud&,
d m
yJ/ em;u toHawGukd? ESmacgif;u teHYawGukd? vQmu t&omawGukd?
udk,Uf tawGYawGukd? OD;aESmufu twGi;f a&mufvmwJY tjyifu t
qif;-toH-teHY-t&om-tawGYawGudk udk,fYudk,ftpdwftydkif;eJY
oifYroifY-awmfrawmf n§Ed Iid ;f wGucf suw
f JY ud&,
d myJ/
OD;aESmuf&JU tJonfwGucf surf IrSm tavsmYawG tydkawG? trSm;

t,Gi;f tcRwftacsmaf wG jzpfaeNyDqkdvsif vGeu f sL;wJY udk,f tjyKtrl?
vGeu
f sL;wJY EIwtf ajymtqdkeJY vGeu
f sL;wJY rsuEf SmaersuEf Smxm; udk,f
vuf[efyefawG jzpfvmw,f/

onfvkdjzpfvmwmawG[m OD;aESmufysuw f myJ/ tJonfvkdjzpf

wJYolukd ]vlysu}f -vdkYyJ ajym&w,f/ vlysu[
f m vltjzpfu ysuw f JY
oljzpfvdkY vlr[kwfol-yJ/ olvnf; vl&mr0ifwJYolaygY/
onfvdkqdkawmY ]vl}-qdkol[m b,fvdkolvJ¿

ar;&rnfhtaetxm; a&mufNyDyJ/
vlrjzpfao;oleYJ vlysuf r[kwaf tmif ]aumif;rGew f JY
udk,-f EIw-f ESvk;H awGeYJ avmuudk wkjYH yefqufqHol&JU
trnf}-[m ]vl}-&JUtrnf}-yJ/ t0E´&[mum&
q,faY v;csuf uif;oly/J
onfq,fYav;csuu
f if;wm[m vlYtjzpf&JU&yfwnfcsuo
f Dv
q,fYav;csuyf J/
109/ ed&, t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,ma0g[m&rSm ]ed&,}-qdkwm ½Sw d ,f/ jrefrmtac:tm;

jzifY i&J-vdkY ac:w,f/ i&Jqkdwmudk vlawGrjrifzl;Mubl;/
ajrBuD;atmufxJrSm ½Sw d ,f-vdkY ajymoHMum;eJY rSwx
f m;Mu&w,f/
oHa&yli&J?jymyli&J?vufyHyifi&J? tppawGyJ/ aMumufvnf; aMumuf
Muw,f/ ESpfawGtMumBuD; cH&w,fvnf; odMuw,f/
ajrBuD;xJu tJonfi&Jqkdwm[m ed&,&JU wu,fYteufjzpf

zdkY rvG,bf l;/ taMumif;uawmY wu,frqif;&Jovdk jzpfvkdYyJwu,f

qif;&Jvsif tJonfavmuf i&Joufr½SnEf kdiv

f kdYyJ/ 'gaMumifY tJ'g[m
t&d,a0g[m&w¬ ]i&J}r[kwb f l;/
t&d,a0g[m&w¬ ]i&J}-[m ]aygufuaJG ewJY pdwf
Sd l&JUtrnf}-jzpfw,f/
"mwf½o
110/ ayw t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm ]ayw=Nydwåm}-qdkwm ½Sw d ,f/ tJonfNydwåm

qdkwm wapäwdkY? o&JwdkYqdkwmawGvdkY odMuw,f/ wapä?
o&Jqkdwmuvnf; [dkvlawGYzl;ovdk? onfvlawGYzl;ovdk udk,w f kdif
vnf; [dkrmS awGzY ;l ovdk? onfrmS awGzY ;l ovdkawG jzpfMuw,f/ rsujf rif
em;Mum;yif rubJ udk,af wG zufvkH;&wmawGtxdyJ ½SMd uw,f/
onfawmYvnf; 'gawG[m? NydwåmawGaygYvkdYqkdvsif r[kwf

bl;ajymzdkY tcufyJ/ cufayrJY 'gawGukd r[kwb f l;yJ ajym&rSmyJ/ r
[kww f mrSev f sif ajymzdkY bmcufp&m½Sod vJ¿ ar;p&myJ/ udk,af wGYeJY
udk,f,kH&olawG&JU udk,fawGYawG jzpfaevdkYyJ/ trSefrdkY onfvdkjzpfwm
rsm;vm;¿
onfvkdr[kwb f l;/ tdyrf ufxJu udk,af wGYawG[m wu,f
trSef r[kww f m odMuNyD;om;awGyJ/ tJ'gu tdyrf ufxJuyJ ajymr
vm;? tdyrf ufxJrSmawGUwJY tm½kH[m tjyifutm½kHr[kwb f J OD;aESmuf
xJutm½kH jzpfovdk wapä?o&Jtm½kHuvnf; onfvkdyJ tjyifutm½kH
r[kwb f J OD;aESmufxJutm½kHyJ/ onfvkdwlMuw,f/

OD;aESmufxJutm½kHu tdyaf ewke;f om ay:Edkiw f m r[kwb f l;

vm;¿ tdyrf aysmb f J oGm;vmvIy½f Sm;aecsed rf Sm ay:Edkiyf gYrvm;¿ tdyf
raysmb f J ay:aewJY om"uawG trsm;BuD;½Sw d ,f/ ykHpHtm;jzifY w&m;
bm0em a,m*usiYaf eol wpfa,mufrSm ay:wJYtm½kH[m tdyaf ysmaf e
qJ ay:wmvnf; r[kwb f l;/ tjyifrSm½Sad ewJY tm½kHvnf;r[kwb f l;
yJ/ tJ'g b,fvkjd zpfwmvJ ar;vsiaf wmY OD;aESmufrmS tcefo Y ifo
Y mG ;vdkY
vdkYyJ ajz&r,f/ wapäço&Jtm½kHjrifwmvnf; onfvdkyJ OD;aESmuf
tcefYoifYoGm;vdkYyJ jzpfw,f/
aemufwpfckavmuf ajymMunfMh uOD;pdv kY m;/ yef;csu

D m;wpfcsy?f
uAsmpmwpfyk'f qdkMupdkY/ tJ'gawG tjyifrSm½Sw d JYtm½kH r[kwbf l;/
qGJol-a&;ol&JU OD;aESmufxJu xGuv f mwmawGyJ/ OD;aESmufuvnf;
tjyifu tydkYcH&wJYtm½kHukd ,lwm r[kwb f l;/ OD;aESmufuwGucf suf
NyD; tcefYoifYvkdY xifvmwJYtm½kHyJ jzpfw,f/
jrifp&mtm½kHr½Sb
d J rsuaf pYeJY wyftyfjrif&w,f-qdkwJY tjzpf
rsKd ;jzpfwmeJ?Y em;-ESmpwmawGeYJ toH-teHpY wJY tm½kaH wGr½Sb
d J wyftyf
Mum;wm-eHwmpwJY tjzpfrsKd ;jzpfwmawG trsm;tjym;½Sw d m qifjcif&
vdrYrf ,f/ 'gu awGYaeus r[kwaf wmYbl;qdkawmY rxifjrifEkdiMf ubl;/
wapä-o&Jvnf; wu,fr[kww f m rSeaf yrJY wu,fr[kwaf Mumif;
ajymwmudk em;vnfzkdYawmY cufwmyJ/

'gaMumifY tJonfpdwåZ wapä-o&JawG[m t&d,a0g[m

&w¬jzpfwJY Nydwåm&JUteufawG r[kwb
f l;/
Nydwåm&JUteuf[m wapä-o&JawmY [kwwf ,f/tJonf
wapä-o&Ju pdwåZ wapä-o&Jr[kwv f kdYyJ/ ]wapä-
o&Jtppfu avmborm;&JUtrnf}-yJ/
onfol[m olrsm;pnf;pdrOf pömudk cdk;,lw,f? vk,ufw,f?

wdkucf kduw
f ,f/ avmborm;&JUtvkyaf wG vkyw f ,faygY/ tJonfol
udk vlawGu aMumufMu&w,f/ tJonfolawGuvnf; vlawGukd
aMumufatmif ajcmufvSeYfMuw,f/ aMumufrS jyefrckcHyJ olwkdYykdiw
f JY
OpömawGukd ay;MurSm jzpfvkdYyJ/ tJonfolawG[m t&d,a0g[m&w¬
ayw-jzpfwJY wapä-o&JawG jzpfw,f/
111/ wd&päme t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm ]wd&päme=wd&pämef}-qdkwm ½Sw d ,f/ ygVdrmS

wd&päme-qdkwm ]wda&m+tpäme} ESpyf 'aygif;&JU tjzpfyJ/
zDvmoGm;vmwwfol-vdkY t"dyÜg,f&w,f/ wd&pämefvkdY todcH&olawG
u rwfwwfoGm;ol&,fvkYd r½Sw d mqdkawmY? tJonfvkd oGm;ol[m
wd&pämefwkdY odMuawmYwmaygY/ zDvm-qdkwm uefYvefY-vdkY t"dyÜg,f
&ygw,f/ wd&pämefqkdol[m uefYvefYoGm;w,f ajym&atmifuvnf;
tvsm;vdkuo f Gm;oljzpfvkdY roifYjrwfbl;/ uefYvefYqkdwm ab;wdkuf
oGm;ol jzpf&zdkY½Sw
d ,f/

uefYvefYzDvmoGm;w,f-qdkwJY pum;xJu ]oGm;w,f}qdkwm

usivf nfusupf m; teufazmf&rnfYpum; jzpf&zdkY½w
Sd ,f/ ywf0ef;usif
tay: oabmxm;t"dyÜg,f jzpfw,f/ tJonfrSmawmY uefYvefYzDvm
yJ/ olt
Y wGuyf J olow
d ,f/ ol[m trSeyf /J 'gwd&pämef&UJ usupf m;rIy/J
onfoabmxm;[m xdyw f kduaf wGUoabmw&m;jzpfw,f/

wpfaumifu onfoabmxm;ovdk? wpfjcm;wpfaumifuvnf;
onfvkdyJ oabmxm;awmY tJonfESpaf umif[m tcsi;f csi;f y#d
yu© jzpfwmaygY/ onfvdkjzpfwm zDvmtjzpfyJ/ tJonfzDvmtjzpf
eJY usiv
f nfusupf m; oGm;vmaexdkiof l[m wd&pämefyJ/ wd&pämefqkd
olawG[m tJonfvu©PmeJYnDwJYtwGuf wd&pämefac:&wmyJ/
t&d,a0g[m&w¬ wd&pämefu tJ'gawGr[kwb f l;/

tJonfvkdyJ-
]wpfukd,af umif;todeJY aewJYtwGuf ywf0ef;usief JY
uyfzJYzDvmtaerSm ½Sw
d JYol&JU emrnf[m t&d,a0g
[m& ]wd&pämef}-&JU emrnf}-jzpfw,f/
0ef;usief JY uyfzJYzDvmjzpfaMumif; wpfukd,af umif;trI½Sw

d JY
taumifyavmifukd wd&pämefac:&ovdk taumifyavmif r[kwaf yrJY
tJonfvkd trI½Sw d JY vlukdvnf; wd&pämefac:wmyJ/ wd&pämef[m
onfvkdtrI½Sw
d JYvl&JUtrnf jzpfw,f/

112/ tol&um, t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm ]tol&um,=tol&um,f}-qdkwm½Sw d ,f/

olYukd a0rmeduNydwåm-qdkwmvdkYvnf; ajymMuw,f/ bkHArd mef
ydkif avmborm;aygY/ aeYcHNyD; nrSmawmYpH&w,f ajymMuw,f/
'gwdwdususawmY r[kwfbl;/
]avmuudk tusKd ;enf;atmif vkyo f al wGeYJ aygif;NyD;
tJonfolawG&JU t½Sed t
f apmfeJY rdrb
d 0udk rdrrd aeol&JU
trnf[m t&d,a0g[m& tol&um,&JU trnf}-yJ/
olrsm;ESmacgif;eJY touf½SLaeolvkdYajymvnf; &w,f/ udk,Yf

&yfwnfa&;twGuf udk,YftrIrygbJ olrsm;udk rSDckd&yfwnfolaygY/
em;a#mif;a&mifaMumifY yg;ajymifw,fqkdwJY vlrsKd ;[m t&d,a0g[m&
tol&um,fyJ/
113/ orP t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm ]orP=&[ef;}-qdkwm ½Sw d ,f/ orP-

qdkwm Ak'¨bmombke;f BuD;rsm;udk ac:wJYtrnfvkdYyJ odMu
w,f/ orPudk txD;usev f l&JUtrnf tjzpfvnf; odMuao;w,f/
Ak'b
¨ mombke;f BuD;uvnf; a½S;tcgu tJonfvel YJ wlrmS yJ/ 'gaMumifY
Ak'¨bmombke;f BuD;udk ]orP}-ac:&wm jzpfr,f/

Ak'¨bmombke;f BuD;[m b,fvkt d xD;usef jzpfovJ¿ ol[m

tdr&f mudkpGeYfcJYol jzpfw,f/ olYrSm axmufulrnfh om;r,m;? rdbeJY
pD;yGm;-BuD;yGm;? tvkyt f udkif bmrQr½So
d l jzpfw,f/ pm;0wfaea&;rSm
olrsm;udk rSDckdaeolyJ/ 'gaMumifY Ak'¨bmombke;f BuD;udk orPvdkY
a½S;u odcJYMuwmyJ/ tck Ak'¨bmombke;f BuD;[m onfykH r[kwcf sif
csif jzpfaeNyD/ vlawGxufawmif jynfhpkH<u,f0ol £AÇ jzpfw,f/
'gvnf; orPyJ ajym&wmyJ/ emrnfeJYteuf rudkuo f vdk jzpfNyD/
orPudk txD;useo f lvkdY b,faMumifYteufjyef&wmvJ od

atmifvkyf&r,f/ orP[m ormeeJY ]P-e}-yJ vGJw,f/ tJ'g
twlyJ/ tJonf ]orme}-udk teufazmfvsif ]wlnDjcif;}-vdkY &r,f/
orP&JU todtjrif0g'[m wef;wl&nfwl todtjrif0g'jzpfw,f/
b,folawG wlMuwmvJ/ bmawG wlMuwmvJ/
vlawG wlMuw,f/ rif;? ukeo f nf? tvkyof rm;? olawmif;
pm; wpfOD;eJYwpfOD; rwlovdkjzpfaewm[m toufarG;vkyif ef; rwlvkdY
jzpfaewmyJ/ toufarG;vkyif ef; uGJjym;wm[m vlYtjzpfuGJjym;rIukd
wu,fjyKEdkiw f m r[kwbf ;l / toufarG;vkyif ef;[m wpfcku wpfckukd
ajymif;vJvkdY r&wm r[kwb f l;/
'gaMumifY oufarG;vkyif ef;jcm;ayrJY vl[m wlno D l
om jzpfw,f/ onfvkd todtjrif½o Sd l[m orP-
jzpfw,f/ t&d,a0g[m& orP&JU teuf[m tJ
onf teufy/J

]t&d,a0g[m& ]orP}-&JU teuf[m vlawGukd

oufarG;uGjJ ym;rItvdkuf rwlujJG ym;wJt
Y jzpfukd ausmf
f ]wpfom;wnf;jrifol&JUtrnf}-jzpfwmyJ/
vGeí
onfvkdjrifvkdY orP-[m vlawGukd vrf;nTev f kyaf ew,f/

bmawGvrf;nTeo f vJ¿
vljzpfap&rSmawGvdkY qdk&wJY bm0emawGudkaygY/
bmtwGuf nTew f mvJ¿

todtjrif½S½d Sd udk,-f EIw-f ESvkH;½So
d ljzpfatmif nTew
f ,f/
onfvdkjzpfawmY bmtokH;usovJ¿
onfvkjd zpfvsif tpGJ rpGyw f maygY/ tpGv J w

G af wmY vGwv
f yfwm
yJ/ vGwv
f yfvsif udk,Yfukd,u f kd udk,yf kdio
f l jzpfw,f/ vlwkdi;f [m
tJonfvkdjzpfcGiYf½So
d lcsi;f twlyJqkdNyD; orPawG[m tJ'gawG vkyaf e
Muw,f/
'gawGaMumifY t&d,a0g[m& orPteuf[m ]vl
&JU wlnDwJYtjzpfukdjrifol}-vdkY t"dyÜg,f&w,f/

114/ OyorÜEé t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm OyorÜE=é Oyorf;=OyZrf;=OD;yZif;=OD;yÚÆi;f

qdkwJY a0g[m& ½Sdw,f/ onfaeY 'g&JUteuftjzpf ]&[ef;
i,f}-qdkwJY t"dyÜg,fukd ac:aeMuw,f/ t&d,a0g[m&w¬u onf
avmufr[kwb f l;/ OyorÜEéukd &[ef;rSeo
f rQ &wJYtxdvnf; t
"dyÜg,fazmfMuw,f/ &[ef;rcH&ao;ol vlçomraPu tEkorÜEé
&[ef;cHxm;NyD; BuD;BuD;i,fi,f odu©m½Sad eolu OyorÜEéaygY/
&[ef;cHxm;ol &[ef;-qdkwJYtac:a0g[m&u bmvJ-ar;

vsif OyorÜEéyJaygY ajymrnfhykH ½Sw
d ,f/ &[ef;qdkwJY a0g[m&udk
bk&m;tokH;tEIe;f tac:ta0:rSm r½Sb d l;/
]bdu©a0-bdu©a0g}-qdkwJY bk&m; tokH;tEIe;f awG&JU

jrefrmjyefu ]&[ef;}-vdkY jzpfaewmyJ/wu,fY bk&m;
&JU tokH;jzpfwJY ]bdu©a0-bdu©a0g}&JU qdkvkdcsuu
f
]&[ef;wdkY}-vdkY r&bl;/ ]ab;'ku©ukd avYvm nTejf y
aeMuolwkdY}-vdkY t"dyÜg,f&w,f/
]&[ef;}-qdkwJY a0g[m&u onft"dyÜg,frsKd ; r[kwb f l;/

&[ef;t"dyÜg,fu ab;'ku©cyford ;f udk ydki;f jcm;odNyD;vdkY ab;'ku©cyf
odr;f udkvkdvm;rI ork',cyford ;f udk ypfy,fNyD;cg ab;'ku©cyford ;f
vkH;0Nidr;f at;NyD;ol-vdkY t"dyÜg,f&w,f/

]&[ef;}-qdkwJY jrefrma0g[m&&JU &if;jrpfu jrefrma0g[m&

r[kwb f J t&d,a0g[m& ]t&[H}-jzpfw,f/ t&[H-udk t-jzKwfNyD;
&[H-vkyx f m;wmyJ/ &[H-udk ed*¾[wd f e-vkyNf yD;? jrefrmoHav;av;
BuD;eJY ]&[ef;}-vdkY jzpfoGm;wmyJ/ ]&[ef;}-vdkY jzpfoGm;wmavmuf
xuf ausmo f Gm;wJYtxdawmif ½Sw
d ,f/ tJ'gawGu ]t½Si}f -qdkwm
awGeJY ]½Si}f -qdkwmawG txdyJ/
]t½Si}f -qdkwm t&[H&UJ ]t&[}-u ]&}-eJY ][}-udkaygif;

awmY ]&aumuf [xdk;=½S}-jzpfwmyJ/ ed*[
¾ wd u
f o&rJY i-owfaygY/
t&[H-uae t&[ef? t&[ef-uae t½Si/f t&[H-uae &[ef;?
&[ef;uae ½Si/f t&[H-u t-udkjzKwfNyD; &[ef;-ac:wmqdkawmY
&[ef;u &eJY[aygif;NyD; i-owfeJYqkdawmY ]½Si}f -jzpfwmyJ/
t½Sio
f m&dMwmu? ½Siof m&dykMwmqdkwmawG[m t&[Hom&d
ykMwm? &[Hom&dykMwmawGeJY &[ef;awmfom&dykMwm qdkwmawG[m
twlawGyJ/
½Siaf &0wqdkwmeJY &[ef;a&0w? t½Siaf &0weJY t&[efa&

0w? 'gawG[m OyorÜEéa&0wqdkwm ajymwmawGyJ/ udk&if-½Sif-
ajymwmawmY t½Sed v f Geof Gm;MuwmvdkY ajym&r,f/ ArmrSm udk&ifukd
½Si-f vdkYokH;wm ½dk;aeNyD/ tqifjcifrJYokH;Muwm&JU trnfyJ/ OyorÜEé
avmif;vsmjzpfvkdY okH;w,fajymvsiaf wmY &rSmygyJ/

onfae&mrSm udk&ifuvnf; ajymp&m½Sjd yefw,f/ udk&ifqkw d m

tckacwf udk&ifvkd r[kwb f l;/ tckacwfu a,bk,srSm 0wfNyD;xGuf
Muwm/bk&m;vufxufukd&ifu OyorÜEévkyzf kdY toufvkdao;vdkY
udk&iftjzpfeYJ apmifaY eolyJ jzpfw,f/ OyorÜEré jzpfao;ayrJY OyorÜEé
qDoGm;aeol jzpfw,f/ 'gudk&nfNyD; OyorÜEéavmif;vsmjzpfvkdY ]½Si}f -
vdkYajymwmjzpfrSyJ oifYr,f/
OyorÜEé&JUteufu t&[H&JUteufeJY xyfwlrusbl;/ onf

aeY tac:csi;f om xyfaewmyJ/
OyorÜE[ é m Oy-eJY orÜEyé k'f wGaJ ewJyY k'yf /J Oy-qdkwYJ
Oyom&yk'u f ]csÚ;f uyfjcif;}-vdk&Y r,f/orÜE-é yk'u f
]jynfph kjH cif;}-aygY/ ESpyf k'af ygif;teufu ]tjynfhtpkH
csÚ;f uyfjcif;}-vdkY &r,f/
bmajymwmvJ-odzkdY OyorÜEéjzpfolawG&JU b0udk vSr;f arQmf
Munfh&r,f/
olwdkYb0[m tdk;ypftdrfypf w&m;0efxrf;MuolawGjzpfwm

awGY&r,f/ bmjzpfvkdY onfvkdxrf;EdkiMf uwmvJ-ar;vsif w&m;odomG ;
awmY ]onfw&m;[m avmurSmyGifYxGef;zdkY tvdktyfqkH;t&myJ?
onfawmY igYb0udk onfvkdtyfcsurf Sm paw;r,f}-qdkwJYpw d "f mwf
jzpfwmeJY tJonfvkjd zpfou l kd ,kMH unftm;usNyD;? ]udk,w f &m;rodayrJY
w&m;rSm udk,Yfukd,u f kd paw;pdw"f mwfeJY 0efxrf;EdkiMf uwm}-yJ/

]w&m;0efxrf; vkyw
f m[m w&m;udk csÚ;f uyf&mrSm
tjynfh csÚ;f uyfwmyJ/'gaMumifY onfou
l k]d OyorÜE}é
-vdkY ajym&wm jzpfw,f/ t&d,a0g[m& OyorÜE&é UJ
teuf[m tJonfteufy/J
Ä«tydk'f 35/ vab,sH OyorÜEé-udkvnf;MunfYyg»
115/ Oygou t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm ]Oygou}-qdkwmvnf; ½Sw

&JUteuf[m uyÜ,
d ,f/Oygou-
d um&uwdkY? 'umç'umrwdkYvkdY ,lMu
w,f/ ]Oygou}-[m ]Oy}-eJY ]tmo}-ESpyf k'af ygif; pum;vkH;yJ/
]epfepf0if0if csÚ;f uyfo}l -vdkY t"dyÜg,f&rSmyg/ t&d,a0g[m& Oyg
oum&JUteuf[m OygoumjzpfMuolwkdY b0udkvSr;f arQmfNyD; teuf
azmf&rSmyJ/
olwkdY[m bkHokH;yg;uHukd rcsÚ;f uyfwJY udk,-f EIw-f ESvkH; trI

awGukd rsm;xufrsm; jzpfapwmaMumifY bkHokH;yg;uHawGukd odNyD;?
bko
H k;H yg;uH tpGu
J ad vom y,fcg? bko H k;H yg;uHu vGwaf jrmuf&mqD
a&mufqJça&mufNyD;jzpfwJYtxd ouf0ifqnf;uyfwmudk awGY&rSmyJ/
olwkdY[m olwkdYukd,u
f kd w&m;eJYwnfaqmufol [kwaf yrJY
olrsm;awGukd w&m;eJw
Y nfaqmufEkid af tmif 0efxrf;olawmY r[kwb
f ;l /
'gaMumifY Oygoum&JU t&d,a0g[m&w¬[m-

]w&m;eJY olwkdYukd,u f kdwnfaqmufol}-vdkY t"dyÜg,f

&ygw,f/ uyÜ, d eJY 'um-'umr [kwcf si-f r[kwf
csiaf eyg?]udk,u
Yf k,
d uf kd w&m;eJY wnfaqmufaeol[m
t&d,a0g[m& Oygoum}-&JU teuftw¬ygyJ/
116/ t&d, t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm ]t&d,}-qdkwYJ pum;½Sw

d ,f/ tJ'gudk jrefrm
jyefwm rvkyMf uoavmuf jzpfw,f/ t&d,mtjzpfa&muf
ol[m jrefrmrSmr½Sad wmY jrefrmpum;rSm ]t&d,}qdkwJYpum;vnf;
r½S-d jzpfwmaygY/
jrefrmtwGuf ]t&d,}-qdkwm pum;vkH;topfyJ/ ½SNd yD;om;

cyfqifqifpum;awGeJY jrefrmjyefvsif t&d,-qdkwJYpum;&JU qdkvkdcsuf
ra&mufrSmvnf; pdk;MuNyD;? t&d,udk ]t&d,m}-vdkYyJ okH;vdkuMf uwm
jzpfrSmyJ/
]t&d,m}-qdkwYJ pum;&if;u tom;jzLol&UJ trnf jzpfw,f/
onfaeYtxd vljzLawGudk tm&d,efawG-vdkY ajymaeMuwm awGY&
w,f/ tm&d,efval wG[m tdE, d´ xJ 0ifa&mufvrT ;f rdk; aexdkiMf uw,f/
t&d,a0g[m&jzpfwYJ t&d,m[m tJonfv&l UJ trnf
r[kwb f ;l / vljzL-vlnk-d vleD-vl0g-vlrJ b,foljzpf
jzpf pdwåZuif;½Si;f wJY udk,-f EIw-f ESvkH;½So
d l[m t&d
,a0g[m&jzpfwJY ]t&d,m&JUtrnf}-jzpfw,f/

pdwåZuif;½Si;f wJY udk,-f EIw-f ESvk;H ½So

d q
l kw
d muvnf; a½S;t
cgu r½Scd JYbl;awmY onfteuf½Sw d JY t&d,-qdkwmvnf; r½Scd JYzl;bl;
aygY/ a½S;tcguvnf; vlawG[m pdwåZjzpf&udk aMumuf½GHUMuw,f/
onfawmY pdwåZukeaf tmifvnf; usiBYf uHBudK;ukwf tm;xkwMf uw,f/
vlawGeJY eD;eD;aevsif pdwåZjzpfrSmyJ-qdkNyD; awmtkHurf;em; opfyif&if;
0g;yifatmuf oGm;aeMuw,f/ raoraysmuf ½Sad eolqkdvsif t&d,m
BuD;qdkwmrsKd ; ajymcJx
Y k;H ½Sw
d mawmY awG&Y w,f/ 'gu vljzLr[kwo f ul kd
t&d,mvdkYac:wm awGY&csuyf J/ 'gvnf; t&d, a0g[m&jzpfwJY
t&d,m&JUteufawmY r[kwaf o;bl;/
vlawGeJYa0;wmeJY pdwåZu r½Sad wmYwmrS r[kww f mudk;/

'gayrJY vlawGeJYqufqHae&vdkYjzpfwJY pdwåZudkyJ odolqkdawmY a0;ol
udk pdwåZr½So d lvkdY xifNyD;? *kPjf yKac:a0:MuwmaygY/ pdwåZu vleJY
eD;vdkYa0;vdkYjzpfwm r[kwfbJ pdwåZaMumifYjzpfwJY trIawGtay: t
aumif;jrifom,mvdkY jzpfwmudk odolrSyJ pdwåZvGwEf kdiw f myJ/ 'gudk
odou l a½S;uray:cJb Y ;l awmY t&d,qdkwpYJ um;vk;H &JU teufreS f vnf;
razmfEkdiMf uawmYwmyJ/ azmfEkdio f lu azmfNyD;awmYvnf; 'gudk a½S;u
½Scd JYNyD;om; pum;awGeJY teufvS,v f kdY rjynfhpkHawmYwmaMumifY ]t&d,}
-udk ]t&d,m}-vdkYyJ ac:aeMu&awmYwmyJ/
pdwåZ[m vludk vlYtjzpfu ysufapEdkifwJYtaMumif;-jzpf

w,f/ vlYusifY0wfoDv q,fYav;csufeJY jynfhpkHol[m vlawmY[kwf

w,f/ tJonfv[ l m pdwåZ½Sad ew,f/ onfpw d åZ[m vlukd vltjzpfu

ysuaf pEdkiw f ,f/ 'gaMumifY onfpw d åZr½So
d l[m vlYtjzpfu ysuaf p
Edkiaf Mumif;ukeo
f ljzpfvkdY jzLpifolt&d,jzpfol-vdkY ajym&wmjzpfw,f/
pdwåZ½Sw
d JYvlukdawmY rjzLpifao;ol? t&d, r[kwf
ao;olvl-vdkY ajym&w,f/ t&d,a0g[m&t&d,w¬
[m ]pdwåZtoG,o f G,u f kd y,fqJ-y,fNyD;ol&JUtrnf}
-jzpfw,f/
117/ aomwmyEé t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm ]aomwmyEé}-qdkwJY pum;vkH;½Sw d ,f/ jref

rmu onfpum;vkH;udk aomwmyefyk*¾Kd vfvkdYyJ jyefMuw,f/
onfpum;jyefMum;&vdkYawmY Mum;&olrSm tod rwdk;bl;aygY/ onf
pum;vkH;eJY onfpum;vkH;&JUt&aumufjzpfwJY teufu a½S;ujzpfzl;
wm r½Sad wmY onfpum;vkH;twdki;f yJ ac:a0:okH;EIe;f Mu&wmyJ/
tJonfpum;vkH;&JU teuftw¬ rxifvsif tJonfpum;vkH;

&JU teuftw¬jzpfzkYfd b,folpwd u
f l;Edkiyf gYrvJ/ pdwrf ul;Edkiv
f sif jzpfzkYd
r½Sbd ;l aygY/ onfawmY onfteuftw¬[m odzkv Yd kt
d yfwmyJ/'gaMumifY
t&d,a0g[m& aomwmyEéw¬ukd ajym&r,f/ aomwmyefukd t&
aumuf&r,faygY/

yXrajymxm;&rSmu-
]yk*Kd¾ vfreS o
f rQ[m vlay:rSmjzpforQ trI&UJ trnfawG
csn;f yJ/ qdk;wJYyk*K¾d vf=qdk;wJYolqkdwm vlay:rSmjzpfwJY
qdk;wJYtrI&JU trnfyJ/ aumif;wJYyk*K¾d vfvnf; onfvkdyJ/
vlrSmjzpfwJY aumif;wJYtrI&JU trnfyJ/ aomwmyef-
qdkwmvnf; vlrSmjzpfwJY trI&JUtrnfyJ jzpfw,f/
aomwmyefyk*¾Kd vf&JU vlrSmjzpfwJYtrIu b,fvkdtrIvJ¿

b,fvkdtrIjzpfwJYolukd aomwmyef-vdkY ajym&wmvJ¿
'grajymcif vlrSmjzpfwJYtrIawG&JU tjcif;t&mudk ajymxm;&
OD;r,f/
trItjcif;t&m[m ½Sprf sKd ;½Sw d ,f/]odjrifrI?awG;ac:rI?
ajymqdkr?I jyKrlr?I aexdkirf ?I BudK;pm;rI? Edk;Mum;rI? pdwf
xm;rI}-onf½pS rf sKd ;[m vlrmS jzpfwJYtrI tjcif;t&m
½Sprf sKd ;yJ/
aumif;wJYtrIvnf; onftjcif;t&mawGeJY aumif;rIjzpf&

w,f/ raumif;rIvnf; onfvkyd J onftrItjcif;t&mawGeyYJ J raumif;
&wmyJ/ aomwmyefjzpfvnf; onftrItjcif;t&mawGeJYyJ aomwm
yefjzpf&rSm jzpfw,f/onftrItjcif;t&mawGrSm b,fvkd jrif-awG;?
ajym-vky-f ae?BudK;pm;-Edk;Mum;-pdwx
f m;ovJom uGJjym;oGm; MurSm
jzpfw,f/ aomwmyefu-

bmudk odjrif-awG;ac:?ajymqdk-jyKrl-aexdki?f BudK;pm;-Edk;Mum;

-pdwx f m;ovJ¿
b,fvkd jrif-awG;?ajym-jyK-ae?BudK;pm;-Edk;Mum;-pdwx f m;rSm
vJ¿
onfar;cGef;&JU tajzawGu ]aomwmyefyk*¾dKvf}-qdkwmudk
azmfjyay;MurSmyg/
aomwmyefu bmudk jrif-awG;? ajym-vkyf-ae?BudK;pm;-

Edk;Mum;-pdwx f m;rsKd ; xm;ovJ¿ tar;xJu bmudkjrifovJukd ajz&
atmif/ aomwmyef[m &p&mudk rjrifbl;? jzpf-ysuv f nf; rjrifbl;?
jzpfysuNf idr;f &mvnf; rjrifbl;/
onfawmY aomwmyefu bmudk jrifovJ¿
aomwmyefu vlrSm½Swd JY udk,-f EIw-f ESvkH;awGeJY vlawGukd

qufqHw,f/ tJonftcgrSm wnfNidrpf GmyJ qufqHEkdio f vdk? vGeu f sL;
pGmvnf; qufqEH kid w
f ,f/ onftxJu vGeu f sL;pGmqufqw H YJ udk,rf -I
EIwrf I-rsuEf Smtaetxm;rIawGukd jrifw,f/
onfukd,-f EIw-f ESvkH; vGeu

f sL;rIawGukd aomwmyefu b,f
vdkjrifovJ¿
'gawG[m vlay:wufjzpfaeayrJY vlvkyt f rIr[kwbf J
olY taMumif;eJo
Y jl zpfaewJY t&mawGy/J 'gawGuyJ vl

udk'kua© y;aewmawG jzpfw,f/ vlNY idr;f csr;f zdkY avYvm

&rSm[m 'gawGyJjzpfw,f/ onf vdk oEé|d mefusatmif
jrifwmyJ/
awG;awmYvnf; 'gvdkyJawG;NyD? ajym-vky-f aewJYtcgvnf;
onftjrif-onftawG;u rvGew f JY tajym-tvky-f taeawG ajym-
vky-f aeNyD/ BudK;pm;-Edk;Mum;-pdwxf m;vnf; onftwdki;f BudK;pm;-
Edk;Mum;-pdwx f m;NyD/
aomwmyef[m onftjrif-tawG;awG b,fu&wmvJ¿

t&d,mawGqDu Mum;&wmudkqifjcifNyD; udk,Yfukd,u f kd avY
vm&mu &wmyJ/ onfvdkavYvmawmY vlay:jzpfwJYvGefusL;rIuH
rSeo
f rQawG[m udk,Uf vkyw f ,fom xif&w,f? udk,v f kywf mr[kwf
bJ olYrodjcif;taMumif;eJYolcsn;f jzpfwmudk jrifwmyJ/ onfvkd
uHrSeo
f rQ tjrifcf H&awmY onfuHawG[m udk,YftwGuf tokH;usus-
rusus ]udk,Yfvkyw f JYtrIjzpfw,f}-qdkwJY tjrifrSm;udk y,fw,f/
onfvkdy,fawmY udk,v f kyw
f ,ftxifeJY vkyw
f JYuHrsm; Nidr;f Muw,f/
aomwmyef[m ]vlY udk,-f EIw-f ESvkH; vGeu

f sL;rItm;
vk;H tay:rSm onfvkd jrif-awG;? ajym-vky-f ae? BudK;
pm;-Edk;Mum;-pdwx d }l - jzpfw,f/
f m;½So

118/ ou'g*grdu t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm ]ou'g*grdu}-qdkwm ½Sw d ,f/olY&JUteuf

udkvnf; ay:atmifrazmfMubl;/ ou'g*grfvdkYyJ olYwdkif;
wdki;f em;vnfay;Mu&w,f/ou'g*grduyk*Kd¾ vf-qdkwm b,fvkyd k*Kd¾ vf
vdkY ajymzdkY a½S;u ou'g*grdu yk*¾Kd vfeJYwlol r½Sad wmYvnf; rajym
wwfwmyJ/
ou'g*grduyk*¾dKvf[m ou'g*grfaygY-vdkY ajymvdkYvnf;
ray:vGif rNyD;pD;wmrdkY ou'g*grfjzpfrnfhol[m-
bmvkyo f vJ?
vkyaf wmY bmodovJ?
odawmY bmvGefajrmufovJ?
bmvGeaf jrmufawmY b,fa&mufovJ/
onftcsuaf v;csuef YJ azmfay;&rSmyJ/ ou'g*grftjzpfa&muf
atmif t&d,opöupd öawGukd b,fvkd NyD;ajrmufcJYaMumif;eJY ajym&r,f
vdkY qdkvkdwmyJ/
ou'g*grf[m ou'g*grfjzpfzkdY bmvkycf JY&ovJ-ar;cGe;f

twGuf tajztjzpf ]jrif-awG;? ajym-vkyf-ae? BudK;pm-Edk;Mum;-
pdwx
f m;}awG vkycf JY&w,f ajym&r,f/ onftajztay: xyfxGuw f JY
ar;cGe;f u ESpcf su½f Sw
d ,f/
bmudk jrif-awG;?ajym-vky-f ae? BudK;pm;-Edk;Mum;-pdwx
f m;
wmvJ¿-eJY b,fvkd jrif-awG;? ajym-vky-f ae? BudK;pm;-Edk;Mum;-

pdwx
f m;wmvJ¿-yJ/
ou'g*grf[m uHawGukyd J jrif-awG;?ajym-vky-f ae? BudK;pm;-

Edk;Mum;-pdwx f m;w,f/ onfvkd jrif-awG; pwmawGvkyaf wmY aom
wmyefeJY twlyJvm;¿ ar;zdkY½Sw d ,f/ tjrifcHuHukd b,fvkdjrifw,f
qdkwJY jrifykHcsi;f uGJjym;Muw,f ajym&r,f/
aomwmyefu- ]uHawG[m ]igY [mr[kww f myJ} -
vdkY jrifw,f/ ]uHawG[m igY[mr[kwMf ubl;}-vdkY
rjrifb;l /
ou'g*grfuawmY-]uHawG[m igvkyw f m r[kwaf y

rJY igYrmS vmjzpfawmY (udk,NYf cHxu
J EGm;udk udk,YEf Gm;
ajym&ovdk) igydki-f vdkY jrifaewm[m rrSeb f l;}-vdkY
jrifwYJ ]jrif-awG;?ajym-vky-f ae? BudK;pm;-Edk;Mum;-
pdwx f m;}-awG yGm;cJY&w,f/
'g[m ou'g*grf&JU tvkyyf J/
ou'g*grf&JU onfvkdymG ;rIvkyw

f JYtcg uHeJYuHtusKd ;awG [m
todcH-tjrifcH tm½kHawG jzpfMuw,f/
]onftm½kHawG[m igydki-f vdkY odr;f ydkuaf vmufwm
awG jynfhjynfh00r[kwb
f l;}-vdkY todtjrif cH&wm
awG jzpfw,f/

'g[m ou'g*grf&JU todcHawGyJ/

ou'g*grf[m onfvkdoad wmY-
]onf-uHeJY0yd gufawGtay: ]igY[m}-vdkYord ;f ydkuf

rI avmb-a'goawG yg;½Sm;atmif y,fw,f/
'g[m ou'g*grf&JU y,frIvkyif ef;yJ/
ou'g*grf[m onfvdky,fwJYtcg-
avmb-a'goawGviId v f iId x
f rS onf uHawGuvnf;
vIid v f iId jf zpfwmqdkawmY onfuHawG vIid vf iId jf zpfrIawG
Nidr;f uke&f w,f /
'g[m ou'g*grf&JUqkduf a&mufrIyJ/
onfawmY ou'g*grf[m yGm;rI-odrI-y,frI-qdkurf Ivkyif ef;

awGrSm aomwmyefeJY rwlovdk? tem*grfçt&[wfwkdYeJYvnf; rwlbJ
uGJjym;wJYtjzpf ½Sw
d ,f/
119/ tem*grD t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm ]tem*grD}-qdkwJY pum;½Sw d ,f/'gudkvnf;

tem*grf-vdkYyJ jrefrmrIjyKMuw,f/ tem*grfqkdwm bmvJ-
qdkwJY ar;cGe;f twGuf tajzuawmY ray:bl;/ udk,t f em
*grfjzpfrS udk,fodr,f-vdkYyJ ajzcsifMuw,f/

pum;½Sv d sif pum;euf½&Sd rSmyJ/ pum;eufr½Sw d JY pum;[m

pum;r[kww f JY pum;yJ/ pum;euford S tJonfteufukd udk,&f
atmif ,lcsipf wd jf zpf&rSmyJ/ NyD;rS tJonfpum;euftwdki;f udk,jf zpf
&vdrYfr,f/ pum;eufrS rodvsif tJonfpum;eufrsKd ; udk,YfrSmjzpfzkdY
vdkçrvdk rpÚf;pm;Edkib f l;/ vdkcsizf kdYqkdwm a0vma0;yJ/ 'gaMumifY
pum;euf[m ay:zdkYvkdw,f/
t&d,a0g[m&rSm tem*grf&JUteuf odzdkYrSmvnf; tJonf
tem*grf-
bmvkyo f vJ¿
bmodovJ¿
bmy,fvkdY b,fa&mufovJ¿
t&d,opömav;csuf&JU udpöawG b,fvdkaqmif½Gufw,fyJ
ajym&rSmyJ/ tem*grfqkdwJYpum;vkH;&JU 0daooteuf[m onfrSmyJ
½Sw
d ,f/ wjcm; b,frSmrS r½Sb d l;/ tem*grfvkyw f mrsKd ; b,folrS r
vkybf l;/ odwmrsKd ;? y,fwmrsKd ;eJY qdkuaf &mufwmrsKd ;awGvnf; onf
vdkyJ/ b,folrS rod-ry,f-rqdkuaf &mufMubl;yJ/ 'gaMumifY onf
av;csu[ f m tem*grfukdazmfjyzdkY wpfckwnf;jzpfwJY 0daootrIyJ/
tem*grf[m-
tem*grfra&mufru D jyKqJ-jyKNyD;-jyKtHu Y aH wG ½Sdw,f/
tJ'gawGukd udk,OYf pömawGtjzpf odr;f ydkuwf mawG[m
roifaY Mumif; tem*grfu trSet f wdki;f jrifEkid -f awG;

Edki?f ajymqdk-jyKvky-f aexdkiEf kid w

f ,f/ 'gawGjzpfatmif
BudK;pm;-Edk;Mum;-pdwx f m;awGvnf; xm;Edkiw f mawG
vkyw f ,f/
tem*grf[m t&d,r*¾i½f Spyf g;udk jzpfatmifvkyNf yD;ol jzpf

w,f/ bmtwGuf t&d,r*¾i½f Spyf g; jzpfatmifvkyw f mvJqkdawmY
udk,YNf cHxJ0ifwJYEmG ;wdki;f udk,YEf mG ;rSwv f kdY rjzpfbl;/ udk,YNf cHxJukd udk,Yf
EGm;r[kww f mawGvnf; 0ifaewwfw,f/ tJ'gawG[m udk,YfEGm; r
[kww f mawGyJ/ onfvkdyJ udk,Yu f kd,çf EIwçf ESvkH;rSm trIawGa&mufae
ayrJY onftrIawG[m tpGJaMumifYjzpfwmawGqkdvsif udk,YftrIawG
r[kwMf ubl;/ 'gudk tem*grfu udk,YfrSmjzpfaewJY onftrIeJY trI&JU
tusKd ;awG[m udk,v f kyw f mr[kww f YJ udk,t Yf jyifyu a&m*gb,awG
yJ-jrifatmifvkyNf yD;wmyJ/
onfvkv d kyv
f kYd tem*grf[m vluY k,
d -f EIw-f ESv;kH rSm jzpfymG ;ayrJY
tpGJaMumifYjzpfyGm;wJY trIawGukd udk,YftrIr[kwrf Seo f o
d l jzpfw,f/
'gaMumifY tem*grf&JU todcHw&m;[m-

]tpGaJ MumifjY zpfwYJ udk,-f EIw-f ESvk;H vGeu
f sL;rIeYJ 'g
awG&UJ tusKd ;awG ysupf ;D Mu? qdk;0g;Mu? tok;H rusMu
wmawG}-jzpfw,f/

tem*grf[m 'gawGudk onfvdkodawmY onfawGtay:rSm

NiD;aiGYNyD;? 'gawGukd vdkcsit f momawG uGmusMuw,f/
'gaMumifY tem*grf&JU ty,fcHw&m;[m-
]tpGJaMumifYjzpfwJY udk,çf EIwçf ESvkH;vGef usL;rIeJY 'gawG&JU
tusKd ;awGukd udk,Yf[mvdkY odr;f ydkuv f ldrIawG}- jzpfw,f/
tem*grf[m onfvkyd ,fwmvkyaf wmY udk,-f EIw-f ESvk;H vGef
usL;rIawGeJY tJ'gawG&JUtusKd ;awGukd udk,Yf[mrSwNf yD; vGeu f sL;awG
Nidr;f ukeMf uawmYwmaygY/
tem*grf&JU qdkuaf &mufp&m[m-
udk,Yf [mrSwv f kdY vGeu
f sL;wJY udk,-f EIw-f ESvkH;trI
awG Nidrf;&myJ/
onftem*grf&UJ yGm;-od-y,f-qdkuf NyD;wmawG[m b,fo&l UJ
yGm;-od-y,f-qdkuf NyD;wmawGeJY vkH;vkH;rwlwmjzpfvkdY?onfyGm;-od-
y,f-qdkuNf yD;wmawG[m tem*grf&JU tem*grftjzpfukd azmfjyEdkiw f JY
0daoojzpfvdkY tem*grftjzpfudk 'gawGeJY odap&wmjzpfw,f/
120/ t&[wå t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm ]t&[m}-qdkwJY pum;vkH;½Sw d ,f/ 'gudk

]&[EÅm}-vdkY jrefrmawGajymMuw,f/ &-udk ,-oHeYJ ac:Mu
wmyJ/ wu,fusawmY ]t&[EÅ}-udk ArmoHeJYac:wJY
pum;yJ/ ]t}-aysmufw,f/ ]&}-u ],}-oHxGuw f ,f/ ]EÅ}-u
]EÅm}-jzpfw,f/ onfawmY 'g-teufr[kwfbl;/

]t&[m}-&JUteufuvnf; a½S;u ½Scd JYNyD;om; r½Sb d l;/ onf

awmYvnf; onfpum;twGuf teufr½Sd jzpf&wmyJ/ ]t&[m}-t
eufziG zYf kYd ]t&[m}-&JUtjzpfawGeYJ ajym&ygvdrrYf ,f/ ]t&[m}-jzpfo-l
bmvkyNf yD;olvJ¿
bmodNyD;olvJ¿
bmy,fNyD;oleJY
b,fa&mufaeolvJ¿
onftcsuaf v;csuu f vGNJ yD; t&[mtjzpfukd jyEdkiw f mr½Sb
d ;l /
t&[m-teufazmfzkdY onfav;csuf xJu yXrtcsuu f kd jy&r,f/
]t&[m}-jzpfol[m ]bmvkyNf yD;olvJ¿ 'g&JU tajztjzpf

]t&d,r*¾i½f Spyf g;udk twdki;f t½Snw
f pfcktxd yGm;NyD;
ol jzpfw,f}-ajym&r,f/
t&d,r*¾i½f pS yf g;[m or®mwJY tjrif-tawG;? tajym-tvky-f
tae? BudK;pm;-Edk;Mum;-pdwxf m;yJ/
'gudk b,ftwdki;f t½Snt f xdyGm;rsm;vkyaf qmifNyD;wmvJ¿

udk,-f EIw0f ESvkH; vGeuf sL;rIawGeJY 'gawG&JUtusdK;awG[m
]igyJ}-vdkY rSw,
f Ml uwm[m vl"Y r®wmyJ/ ]igudk,w f kid f vkyaf qmifvku
d f
wm[m ]igyJ-aygY}-vdkYyJ/ ]t&[m}-[m 'gudk-
]igudk,f wdkiv f kyaf qmifvkduw
f m-vdkY rjrifawmYbJ
]igYukdpD;aewJY tpGJujzpfapvdkuwf m}vdkY trSet
f wdki;f

ormorwfusus jrifwwf-awG;wwf? ajymqdk-jyKrl-

aexdki?f BudK;pm;-Edk;Mum;-pdwx
f m;wwfwYJ twdki;f t
f yd mG ;NyD;ol jzpfw,f/
½Snx
udk,-f EIw-f ESvkH; vGeu f sL;rIeJY 'gawG&JUtusKd ;awG-qdk&mrSm

b,ftm½kH,lNyD; vGeu f sL;rIeJYtusKd ;awGvJ-ar;p&m½Sw d ,f/ ykHpHtm;jzifY
umrtm½kH,lNyD; vGeu f sL;rIeJY tusKd ;qdkvsif umruHeJY 0dyguf? ½lyg½ly
tm½kHwpfrsKd ;rsKd ;,lNyD; vGeu f sL;rIeJYtusKd ;qdkvsif ½lyg½lyuHeJY0yd guf
aygY/tm;vkH; vGeu f sL;rIeJYtusKd ;awGukd tJ'gawG[m tpGJaMumifYjzpf
wmawGyJ? igudk,w f kdif r[kww f mawG-vdkY jrifwwfçawG;wwf? ajym
qdkçjyKrlçaexdki?f BudK;pm;çEdk;Mum;çpdwx f m;wwfwYJ twdki;f t½Snf txd
yGm;NyD;ol[m ]t&[m}-yJaygY/
]t&[m}-[m onfvkdyGm;awmY bmodovJ¿/ 'gtwGuf

onfvkdajym&r,f/ umrç½lyg½lyvGeu f sL;rIuH rSeo
f rQeJY tJ'gawG&JU
tusKd ;awG[m ysupf D;Mu?qdk;0g;Mu?tokH;rusMubl;/ 'gawGu b,f
vdkysupf D;w,f odp&mjzpfovJ¿-tar;xkwNf yD; ajz&r,f/
onfvGeu f sL;rItm;vkH;eJY 'g&JUtusKd ;tm;vkH;[m rl;,pfaq;

0g;eJY t&ufaopmawGvdkyJ rSD0JwJYvludk ,pfap?rl;ap?½l;ap?vljzpf
½IH;apwmvdkY tjypfawGukd 'gawGtm;vkH; jzpfapw,f/ vGeu f sL;rItm;
vkH;eJY 'g&JUtusKd ;tm;vkH;[m vlYtodr[kww f JYtodeJY jyKrlaqmif½Guf

csuaf wGcsn;f jzpfMuw,f/ tpGJeJYaqmif½Gucf suaf wGaygY/ tpGJqkdwm

r[kwfwmudk t[kwf-vdkY rSwf,lwm&JU emrnfyJ/ tJonfawmY 'geJY
aqmif½Guo f rQ? vGeu
f sL;rIeJY tJ'g&JUtusKd ;awG[m t½l;&JUaqmif½Guf
csuaf wGYJaygY/ tJonfaqmif½Gucf sux f JrSm rEkóawG?a'0awG? jA[®m
awGjzpfwm ygrSmaygY/ tyg,awGvnf; ygcsiyf grSmyJ/ rEkó jzpfjzpf?
a'0jzpfjzpf? jA[®jzpfjzpf onftjzpfawGukd tpGJorm;awGu ]aumif;
w,f}-csD;rGr;f Muw,f/
'gawGu b,fvdkaumif;vdkYvJ¿
cHpm;rIvkdyJ aumif;wmawG r[kwv f m;¿
'gtjyif b,fvkdaumif;&OD;rSmvJ¿ rar;eJY/ onfavmufyJ
aumif;zdq d sif Äzdk;(No.4 Heroine )yJ ½SmNyD;½SLaezdkY ½Sw
kY kv d ,f/ 'gqdkvsif
cHpm;rItaumif;twGuf vdkavao;r½Sd jzpfNyDy/J vl[m cHpm;rItaumif;
udk ]taumif;}-vdkY owfrSwv f sif zdk;orm;vdk pkwcf smcHoGm;&r,f/
cHpm;rItaumif;r[kww f JY ]taumif;}u b,fvkd[mvJ¿

vl[m taru arG;ay;cH&pÚfu tyg,tjzpf? rEkótjzpf?
a'0 tjzpf? jA[®tjzpfawG bmrSr[kwb f l;/ 'gawG[m vGeuf sL;MurS
jzpfwmawG/ raumif;vGeu f sL;awmY tyg,? umrtm½kH taumif;
vGeuf sL;awmY rEkóeJaY '0? ½lyg½lytm½ktH aumif; vGeuf sL;awmY jA[®/
pdwfus-pdwf<uvdkYjzpf&wJY tjzpfawGyJ/

tyg,tjzpfukdawmY ]raumif;bl;}-vdkY vlawG xifMu

w,f/ rEkó-a'0-jA[® tjzpfawGqkdvsiaf wmY vlawGu jzpfzkdYarQmf
vifYawmifYwMuwJYtxd ]taumif;}-xifMuw,f/ onfolawG[m
vdkvm;p&mawGukd tNrJvkdvm; iwfrGwaf eMuolawG? vdkvm;p&mawG
udk vdkvm;p&mrSe;f rodoleJY vdkvm;p&mqdkwmudk r½Sb
d l;-vdkY odaeol
awGyJ/ vl[m onfowå0gawG&JU tpD;tydk; tyl;uyfcH&vsif b,f
vdkvkyNf yD; vlYtaygif;toif;0if jzpfygYrvJ¿
onf]owå0g}-awG[m vlukd cHpm;rItaumif;uav;awG

ay;urf;vmbfxdk;NyD; vlYxHta&muf yl;Muw,f/vluvnf; tJonf
vmbfudkrufNyD; tJonfowå0gawGudk tyl;uyfcHvdkufw,f/ tJ
onfowå0gawG tyl;uyfcH&ol[m olYukd,u f kd olrydkio
f ltjzpf cH&
w,f/ tJonfowå0gtvdktwdki;f ajymqdk&?jyKrl&?rsuEf Smtaetxm;
vnf; xm;&w,f/ tJonfol[m vlYtjzpf tusqkH;cH&w,f/
'gaMumifY cHpm;rItaumif;r[kww f YJ ]taumif;}[m vlq

Y rD mS
tJonfowå0gawG wpfaumifrusef r½Sjd cif;yJ/ 'gawGNidr;f zdkY qdkvsif
pdwfusçpdwf<uawGNidrf;rS jzpfr,f/ owå0gtjzpfawGudk 'gawGu
jzpfapaew,f r[kwv f m;/ pdwuf sçpdw<f uawG rjzpfvsif owå0gawG
vlrmS rjzpfawmYb;l r[kwv f m;/ onfowå0gawGuNidr;f wJY ]taumif;}
-[m cHpm;rItaumif;eJY rywfoufawmYaygY/

cHpm;rItaumif;[m vltY wGuf ]taumif;}-r[kwb f ;l /

owå0gcyford ;f tyl;tuyfc&H rIu Nidr;f wJY ]taumif;}
om vsif vlYtwGuf ]taumif;}-jzpfw,f/
vl[m b,fowå0g&JU tyl;tuyfrS rcH&vsif vGwv f yfw,f/
vGwvf yfrI[m vlYtwGuf tvdktyfqkH;jzpfwJY ]taumif;}-yJ/ ]vGwf
ajrmufrItaumif;}-yJ/
]vGwaf jrmufrItaumif;}-[m cHpm;rItaumif;-r[kwb f l;/

onftxJrSm taumif;-tqdk;wpfrsKd ;rsKd ; cHpm;rI ygEdkiw
f ,f/ 'gudk
rcHpm;&bl; r[kwaf yrJY vGwaf jrmufrItaumif;[m 'gudkvGeaf jrmuf
wJYtaumif; jzpfw,f/ (a0'emwduúrw&m; jzpfw,f)/
'gaMumifY onfowå0gtjzpfawGukd jzpfyGm;apwJY vGeu f sL;rIeJY

'g&JUtusKd ;cyford ;f odzkdYvkdwmyJ/ ]t&[m}-[m onfopd &mawGukd
wpfprusef odolyJ/
onfvkdoad wmY ]t&[m}u bmudky,frSmvJ¿

onfuHeJY0dygufawG[m owå0gcyfodrf;udk jzpfapaMumif;
qdkawmY onfuHeJY0yd gufawG&JU ysupf D;çqdk;0g;çtokH;rusykH odwJYtcg
rSm onfuHeJY0yd gufawGrSm om,mauseyfrIawG aysmufuG,Mf u
w,f/ 'gaMumifY onfuHrsKd ;jyefvkycf siwf ,f-qdkwJY pdwx
f rIuad vom
awG rjzpfMuawmYwmyJ/ 'g-udavom y,fwmyJ/

onfvkd udavomy,fawmY ]t&[m}-[m bmjzpfomG ;ovJ

-ar;zdkY½Sdw,f/
]t&[m}-[m udavomy,fvkdY bmrSjzpfroGm; wmawmY
r[kwb f l;/ ]t&[m}-[m ]t&[mtjzpf}-udk jzpfoGm;wmyJ/ ]
t&[mtjzpf}-u b,fvdk[mvJ-qdkvsif-
]vGeu
f sL;rIcyford ;f eJY vGeuf sL;rIaMumifY jzpfwJY tusKd ;
cyford ;f Nidr;f ol-vGwaf jrmufol jzpfw,f}-ajym&r,f/
'g[m b,folYrSmrS r½Sb d l;? ]t&[m}-rSmyJ ½Sw
d ,f/ vGeuf sL;
rIeJY tusKd ;rsm;[m t&[mrjzpfwJY t&m jzpfw,f/ 'gawGNidr;f wm[m
t&[mrSmrS txift½Sm;jzpfw,f/
'gNid r f ; wmud k ygVd r S m awmY ]tEkyg'daooedAÁme}-vd k Y
okH;EIe;f &w,f/ ArmvdkawmY ]Oyg'geft<uif;rJNY idr;f at;jcif; edAmÁ ef}-
aygY/ tJonfeAd Ámef[m t&[myk*¾Kd vf&JU tjzpfyJ/
]t&[myk*Kd¾ vf}-u ]edAmÁ ef}Bud,m&JU ]uwåm;}? edAmÁ eftjzpfu

t&[m uwåm;&JU ]Bud,m}-yJ/ onfBud,mudk pGJrSwNf yD; onfBud,m
&JUuwåm;jzpfwJY jyKolukd ]t&[m}-ac:&wmyJ/
]t&[m}-qdkwJY t&d,ma0g[m&&JU teufazmfjycsuf onf
avmufeJY jynfhpkHavmufa&maygY/

121/ avmu t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm ]avmu}-vdkY ½Sw

d ,f/ avmu-udk teuf
aumuf&r,f/ t&d,opöm rodolrsm; avmuteufukd
&atmif raumufEdkifMubl;/
a½S;tcguvnf; ]avmu}-teufaumufawG[m vGMJ uacsmf

MuNyD;om;awG ½Sad eawmY qufvGJMuwmyJ/ urÇmavmuBuD;jzpfwJY
MoumoavmuBuD;vnf; aumufw,f/ owå0gteEÅavmuBuD;
vnf; aumufw,f/ ½kyfemrfjzpfysufawGvnf; ocFg&avmuqdkNyD;
aumufw,f/
t&d,a0g[m& ]avmu}-[m 'gawGr[kwb

f l;/
]vlr[kwaf yrJY vlay:rSmrSjzpfymG ;wJY uH-0dyguf-ud
avomwdkY&JU vnfywfjzpfymG ;rI[m ]avmu}-&JUt&yJ/
t&d,a0g[m&rSm avmuudkokH;vsif onfteufeJYyJ
okH;w,f/ ]vkZÆwDwd yvkZÆwDwd avmaum}-qdkNyD; jzpfysuw f wfwm
avmuyJ/ bmjzpfysuw f mudk t&d,mawGu ajymMuovJqkv d sif Owk-
tm[m&wdkYaMumifY jzpfysuw f mrajymbJ ]uH}aMumifY jzpfysuwf m}-
udkajymwm jzpfvkdYyJ/

122/ avmukwå& t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm ]avmukwå&}-qdkwm ½Sw d ,f/'gudkteuf

azmf&r,f/ onfteufuvnf; vGJMuw,f/ ocFw½kyef mrf
ynwfawG bmrSr½Sw d mrS avmukwå&mvdkY-yJ/ bmrSr½Svd sif avmuk
wå&myJ½SdNyD; avmukwå&mudk &olr½Sd jzpf&rvdkyJ/ onfvdkjzpfvsif
avmukwå&m[m csr;f omOD;awmYawmifrS tJonf ]csr;f om}-qdkwJY
Bud,mudk jzpfyGm;&rnfh]uwåm;}-r½Sd jzpfvrd Yfr,f/
]uwåm;aysmufrS tm;vkH;Nidr;f r,f r[kwv

f m;}- vkycf siaf o;
w,f/ ]Nidr;f w,f}-qdkwmu ]Bud,m}-yJ/ tJonfBud,mtwGuf
Nidrf;ol]uwåm;} r½Sdvsif bmrSt"dyÜg,fr½SdwmyJ jzpfr,f/ onfvdk
t"dyÜg,fr½Sw
d JYpum;udk jrwfEkd;w,f-qdkwm pdwåZjzpfaewm cH&vdkYyJ/
bmpdwåZvJqdkwm ppfMunfhoifYw,f/
taemufwkdi;f u Ak'¨bmomawGtay: pGypf GJwJYpum;wpfck

½Sw
d ,f/ ]Ak'0¨ g'[m Äpdwyf suv
f ufysu0f g'(Pessimism)yg}-vdkyY /J
olwdkY bmYaMumifY onfvdkajymMuwmvJ¿

olwkaYd wGU&wJAY k'b ¨ mom[m uwåm;rJ0Y g'jzpfaewm awGU&vdkY
jzpf&r,f/ uwåm;rJt Y jzpfukd Ak'b ¨ momawG bmYaMumifBY udKuf&wmvJ¿
uwåm;½Svd sif 'ku½© rdS mS jzpfvkYd 'kuN© idr;f zdkY uwåm;rJBY udKufwmyJ/ uwåm;rJ
YBudKufwmu udk,Yu f kd,u f kd½GHrke;f aMumuf½GHUvkdYyJ/ onfawmY pdwyf suf

vufysujf zpf&NyDaygY/ udk,Yf tjzpfukd ½GHrke;f wmxufBuD;wJYpw

d åZ
b,frSm½Srd SmvJ¿
'gaMumifY avmukwå&m[m tBuD;qkH;pdwåZ&JUtrnf r[kwf
ygbl;/
]avmukwå&m&JU teuft"dyÜg,f[m avmuD-vdkY qdk&
wJY uHe0YJ yd gufwkYd vk;H 0tvsÚ;f vGwu
f if;Nidr;f csr;f jcif;
&JUtrnf}-jzpfygw,f/
uHeJY0yd gufawG[m vkH;0½Si;f ½Si;f vGwu

f if;vdkY r&Edkiwf mawG
vm;¿ umr½lyt½lytm½kHawGrSm aumif;çraumif;awGeJY vGeu f sL;wm
awG tjzpfyJ/ pdwåZrJY wkHYjyefrIawG jzpfaeMuwmawG ½SdaeMuwmyJ/
vGeu
f sL;rIukd okwo f ifowfjzwfypfwmudk pepfwusvkyv f sif vGeuf sL;
rIcyford ;f [m Nidr;f EdkiMf uwmyJ/
onfvdkNidrf;NyDqdkvsif 'gudk bmvdkY-ac:rvJ¿

vGeu
f sL;wmawGu ]avmu}-qdkawmY vGeu
f sL;rINidr;f
wmawG[m avmuuvGww f mawGjzpfawmY ]avmuk
wå&m}-aygY/
tJonfvGeu f sL;rIuvGeaf jrmufwJY Bud,mrSmawmY vGeaf jrmuf
oluwåm; ½Syd gw,f/ tJ'g avmukwå&myk*¾Kd vf-ygyJ/

123/ tedrdwå t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm ]tedrw
aumufjy&r,f/ tedrw
d å}-qdkwm ½Sw d ,f/ tJ'gudk teuf
d åukd a½S;tcgu tm½keH rd w d o
f kÚ;f qdwrf I
vdkY teufxifNyD;? a,musmf ;çrde;f rtm½kHrsm; okÚ;f qdwaf evdkY tedrwd å-
vdkY aumufMuw,f/ onfawmY tedrdwå&JUteuf[m edAÁmefvdkvdk
jzpfawmYwmaygY/ 'gaMumifY tedrw d åqkdwJY a0g[m&[m edAÁmef&JUtrnf
wpfrsdK;vdkY odMuw,f/ 'g rrSefbl;/
tedrwd å[m ]t}-eJY ]edrw d å}-aygif;xm;wJY pum;yJ/

edrw
d å-u tem*wfjywJYpum; jzpfw,f/
]t}-u wm;jrpfjcif;jyyJ/
tem*wf r½Sb d l;/ tvm;tvm r½Sb d l;/ tvm;tvm r
aumif;jcif;udk qdkvkdwJYpum; jzpfw,f/ Armvdkqkdvsif ]edrw d rf aumif;
bl;}-aygY/ onf awmY tedrw d å&JUteuf[m edAÁmef-jzpfEkdiyf gYrvm;¿
edAÁmefrjzpf½kHr [kwb f J edAÁmef&JUqefYusibf uf ]'ku©}-jzpfaewm awGY&
zdkYyJaygY/
'g-wu,fvnf; [kww f ,f/ tedrw d å[m 'ku©-&JU emrnfyJ/
'kur© mS xifay:aewJY vu©Pm[m ]tedp}ö -yJ/ tedp-ö xifo[ l m tem
*wftarSmifuswm jrifolaygY/ 'g tedrw d åyJ r[kwv f m;/ bk&m;u-
]tedrw d åÚö bma0[d}-vdkY &m[kvmudk a[mcJYw,f/
uHawG&UJ tvm;tvmrJyY ku H kd jriford aI wG jzpfapavmY-
vdkY rdeYMf um;csuyf J/

onfawmY tedrdwå&JUteuf[m 'ku©&JUteufyJ/ tedrdwåudk

edAmÁ efvkYd aumufrmS ;rdvsiaf wmY ajymif;jyefvefatmifrmS ;wm vkyrf w d myJ/
a½S;tcgu onfvkdaumufrMd uw,f/ tJ'g ½kyef mrfrJY udkjrifvkdY tJonf
jrif&wm[m edAmÁ efrw S Nf yD; tJonftedrw d åtjzpf jzpfwYJ ½kyef mrfrt
YJ jzpfukd
aumufrw d myJ/
wu,fawmY tedrw d åqkdwJY a0g[m&[m-
]edrw
d rf aumif;bl;? tvm;tvm raumif;bl;}-qdkwm
&JU emrnf}yJ/
'g-'ku©&JUemrnfaygY/ tedrw
d å[m uHukd ysupf D;rI½IaxmifYu
jrif&wJY 'ku©&JUoP²mefyJ/
124/ okn t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm ]oknw}-qdkwm ½Sw d ,f/ onfpum;&JU

teufuvnf; wvGjJ zpfatmif aumufaeMuwm awG&Y w,f/
onfvdkrjzpfatmif teufrSef aumufjy&vdrfYr,f/
b,fvkv d MJG uovJqkv
d sif ]oknw}-[m edAmÁ ef&UJ trnftjzpf
jyaeMu wJYtxdyJ/ tJonfjycsu[ f m enf;enf;vGJwmr[kwb f l;?
ajymif;jyefjzpfwJYtxd vGJwm/
]oknw}-[m edAÁmefr[kw½f kHrubl; edAÁmef&JUqefYusibf uf
'ku©yif jzpfaeao;w,f/ onfhavmufvGJygYrvm; rxifeJY? 'ku©t&d
,opömudk ydki;f jcm;odjrifwm rjzpfawmY trSeef JY qefYusibf ufjzpf
atmif vGJwmyJ/

]oknw}-udk teufazmfMunfh&atmif/
oknw-[m ]ok n}eJY ]w}-yJ/
okntjzpf[m ]oknw}-ygyJ/ ]okn}-qdkwm ]tcsn;f ES;D }-
vdkY t"dygÜ ,fxu
G w
f ,f/ tcsn;f ES;D tjzpf[m ]oknw}-aygY/ tJonf
oknw-[m edAÁmef-jzpfcGiYf ½Syd gYrvm;/ edAÁmefqkdwm tESpof m&
t½Sq d kH;t&mawGxuf tESpof m&½Sw d JYt&m&JU emrnfyJ/
edAÁmef-qdkwJYemrnfeJY oknw-qdkwJYemrnf? onfavmuf

t&aumuf jym;aevsuf bmYaMumifY ]oknw}-[m ]edAÁmef}-vdkY
,lrd&ovJqdkvsif 'ku©t&d,opömudk wpdk;wpdavmufawmif
todr½Sv
d kdYygyJ/ b,fvkdvJqkdvsif 'ku©t&d,opömxdkuw
f JY w&m;awG
[m uHeJY uHtusKd ;awGyg/ 'godvsif uHawGvnf; xyfozd kdYvkdw,f/
]uH}-qdkwm Oyg'gefaMumifYjzpfwJY udk,-f EIw-f ESvkH;wdkY&JU

vGeuf sL;rIyJ/ onfvGeu
f sL;rIukd umrtm½kHeJYvnf; vGeu f sL;w,f?
½lytm½kHeJYvnf; vGefusL;w,f?t½lytm½kHeJYvnf; vGefusL;w,f/
onfawmY tm½kHawGvnf; odzkdYvkdjyefw,f/ umrtm½kHqkdwm b,fvkd
[mvJ¿ ½lyg½lytm½kHawGqkdwm b,fvkd[mawGvJ¿aygY/ tJonfrSm
t½lytm½kHqkdwm yXru ½kyrf JYwmyJ? aemufawmY emrfrJYwJYtjzpfyJ/
tJonf bmrSr½Sw d m[m ]okn}-yJ r[kwv f m;¿ tJonf]okn}-
[m ygVdvdk ]&dwå}-jzpfw,f? ]wkpä}-jzpfw,f? ]tewå}-jzpfw,f
ajym&wmyJ/

]tewå}-jzpfwmawGYawmY ]oaAÁ"r®m tewåm}-vdkY a[mwm

vnf; Mum;zl;w,f/ ]ocFg&}-vdkY ra[mbJ? ]"r®}-vdkY a[mwmudku
edAÁmefvnf; tewåjzpfw,fqdkwm nTef;aewmyJ? onfawmY onf-
oknawGU&wm[m edAÁmefawGYwmaygY-vdkY vkyaf wmYwmygyJ/
]okn}-[m wu,fawmY ]ew¬u d Úd ö}d -tm½kHjzpfwJY tmudÚö

nm,we&JU tm½kHyJ/ onftm½kHukd pGJvef;NyD;,lwJYpw d [ f m t½lyuH
jzpfw,f-qdkwm odzkdYvkdygw,f/ t½lyuH[m awblruuHxJu
jzpfvkdY ]'ku©t&d,opömxdkuw f JY w&m;}-yJ/ 'gudkrodMuvdkY oknudk
edAÁmefxifrf Swrf Sm;MuwmomygyJ/
]oknawm avmuH ta0u©ok}-vdkY armC&mZudk

bk&m;a[mcJYwmyJ/ ]avmu}-qdkwJY ]'ku©}-udk on k
tjzpfeJY ½IMunfhavmY-vdkYygyJ/ tcsn;f ESD;tm;jzifYavm
uudkjrifatmif tMunfch kid ;f wmyg/
]tcsnf;ESD;jzpfwJY okn}-vdkY avmuudkMunfh&r,f-qdk&mrSm

]bmrSr½Sb
d l;}-vdkY jrifap&rSmudk qdkvkdwmr[kwyf gbl;/ uHawG[m
udk,u
f vkyw f mawGr[kwb f J tpGuJ jzpfapwmawGqkad wmY uH[m udk,Yf
tvdktwdki;f rjzpfygbl;/ ]udk,t Yf vdkeu
YJ if;NyD; jzpfwmudk tcsn;f ES;D
okn }-vdkY qdkvkdwmjzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifY ]uH}-udk ]okn}-vdkY
ajymwmyJ/

tema&m*gudk ]tcsn;f ESD;}-vdkY ajym&ovdkrsKd ;ygyJ/ tema&m

*g[m udk,v f kdcsiv f kdY vky, f lxm;&wJYt&m r[kwb f l;/ "mwfeJYykd;rTm;
wdkY azmufjyefESyd pf ufvkdY jzpfwJYt&mjzpfvkdY a&m*gudk vlvkyyf pön;f vdkY
rajym&ovdkbJ? uHuvnf; tpGJOyg'gefaMumifY jzpfwmqdkawmY vl
vkyt f &m0w¬K r[kwb f l;/ vlvkyrf [kwb
f J vluvkyaf e&w,f-qdk
awmY ewf0ifonf&JU ewfyl;NyD; ajymqdkçjyKrlçaexdkiw f mrsdK;vdk tvGef
tcsnf;ESD; jzpfygw,f/
'gaMumifY okntcsn;f ESD;qdkwm bmrSr½Sv d kdY r[kwb f J
]vlrY mS tok;H ruswt
YJ jzpfjzpfwYJ ]'ku}© -jzpfaevdkyY gyJ/
'gaMumifY ]oknw&JUteuf[m 'ku©yJjzpfwm}ay:vGif
ygNyD/
125/ tyÜPd[dw t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm ]tyÜP[ d wd }-qdkwm ½Sw

d ,f/ 'gudkteuf
aumufwJYtcg ajymif;jyefjzpfwJYtxd wvGJwacsmf aumuf
rdaeMuw,f/ 'gaMumifY tyÜPd[dwukd teufazmf&r,f/
tyÜPd[dw-udk ]edAÁmef}-vdkY teufazmfcJYMuw,f/ tjrifr

awmf qifawmfecYJ avmuf-qdkovdkyJ tyÜP[ d wd -qdkwYJ pum;vk;H [m
]t}-qdkwJY y#dao" pum;vkH;eJY? ]yPd[w d }-qdkwJY pum;ESpv f kH;
aygif;yJ/ yPd[w d -qdkwm ]yPd"jd zpfwJYt&m}-vdkY &rSmyg/

]yPd"}d -qdkwmawmY ]yef;wdki}f -vdkY teufazmfwmeJY

&if;ES;D MuNyD; jzpfrmS yg/'grSr[kwf ]qkawmif;}- aygY/
yef;wdkief q
YJ kawmif;[m wlrmS yg/ vdkvm;p&mvdkYvnf;
&p&m½Srd Smyg/
'gudk wm;jrpfrI y#dao" vkyv f kduv f si?f ]qk
awmif;p&mr[kww f t YJ &m? yef;wdkirf [kww f tYJ &m? vdk
vm;p&myifr[kww f t YJ &m}-vdkY jzpfomG ;cH&r,f/
tJonft&m[m ]edAÁmef}-vdkYvkyaf wmY awmfygYrvm;/
rawmfvsio f m ½S&d r,f? tJ'g ]tyÜP[
d w
d edAmÁ ef}-vdkY vkyx
f m;
Muw,f/ bmjzpfvkdY onfvkdvkyrf &d wmvJ/ onftaMumif;ajymvsif
vnf; 'ku©rodvkdY-qdkwmyJ ajym&rSmyJ/
'ku©-[m uHeJY0yd gufawG&JU emrnfyJ/ ]uH}-qdkwm vlYukd,çf

EIwfçESvkH;awG&JU vGefusL;rIawG jzpfayrJY? tJonfvGefusL;rIudk vlu
jzpfapwm r[kwb f l;/ vlukdpGJrSDaewJY tpGJpw
d åZudavomu jzpfap
wm jzpfw,f/ 'gaMumifY ]uH}-udk ]'ku©}-ajym&wmyJ/
]uH}-[m tm½kHusupf m;rIvkduNf yD;? okH;rsKd ;jym;w,f/ umr

tm½kH? ½lytm½kHeJY t½lytm½kHaygY/ t½lytm½kHqkdwm t½lytm½kHqkdwJY
½kyrf JYtm½kH&JU emrnfyJ/ jrifYvmawmY emrfygrJYwJYtm½kH jzpfvmw,f/
onfawmY t½lyuH[m bmrSr½Sw d mudk tm½HjyKw,f/ 'gudk rodwm
[mvnf; ]'ku©}rodwmyJ/

onf'ku©udkrodawmY onf'ku©udk taumif;xif t[kwf

rSwf jzpfwmaygY/ onf'ku©tm½kHukd b,fvkdtaumif;t[kwf rSwf
wmvJ/bmrSr½Sw d m[m tJonfrSm bmrSawmifYwvdkvm;p&m r½Sd
wmyJ/ tJ'g[m edAÁmefaygY/ tJonfeAd Ámefukd odaewJY t½lypdwu f
r*fÓPfaygY-vdkY jzpfwmyJ/
bmrSr½Sw d m[m edAÁmefvm;¿
bmrSr½Sw d modwm r*fÓPfvm;¿
bmNidrf;at;vdkY edAÁmefwmvJ/
bmtjypfawGodvdkY r*fÓPf wmvJ/
½kyfemrfNidrf;vdkY edAÁmefwmaygY? ½kyfemrftjypfjrifvdkY r*f
ÓPfwmaygY-ajymrvm;yJ/
edAÁmefNidr;f &rSmu ½kyef mrfvm;¿ r*fÓPfo&d rSmu ½kyef mrf

tjypfvm;¿ ar;&r,f/ [kww f ,fxifvsif bk&m;[m edAÁmefra&muf
ao;olvm;-jyefar;&r,f/ bk&m;rSm ½kyef mrfawG rNidr;f ao;vdkYyJ/
½kyef mrftjypfawGjrifwJY r*fÓPfawG bk&m;rSmjzpfaewmrdkY bk&m;
tjzpfvGev f sif ½kyef mrftjzpf[m bk&m;rSmr½Sad wmYwmrdkY bk&m;[m
edAÁmefra&mufao;ol rajym&bl; ajymrvm;yJ/
onfvkq d kv
d sif r*fÓPfeeYJ Ad mÁ efu umvwpfjcm;pDrjzpf atmif
b,fvkv
d kyrf vJ-vdkvY nf; ar;xdkuw f ,f/ bmrSr½Sw
d mudk odaevdkaY um
avmurSm jyóemcyfodrf; Nidrf;ygYrvm;/ jyóem rNidrf;bJ

avmuxJrSmaevsif ql;vSn;f armif;vmolyrm avmurSm 'ku©u

b,fvdkvGwfrvJ? tppawGvnf; ar;xdkufygw,f/
wu,fawmY ]tyÜPd[dwtm½kH[m edAÁmeftm½kHr[kwfbJ

'kut © m½k}H -om jzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifY tyÜP[
d w
d &JU t&udk edAÁmef-
vdkY raumufrSm;MubJ 'ku©-vdkY taumufrSeMf uzdkYygyJ/
126/ tBud,0g' ed,wrdpäm'd|d t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm ]tBud,0g' ed,wrdpäm'd|}d -qdkwm½Sw d ,f/

ed,wrdpäm'd|d-qdkwm rdpäm'd|dtjzpf NrJcdkifrI½SdwJY rdpäm'd|dyJ/
b,ftrsKd ;tpm;t,l0g'½Sw
d JY ed,wrdpäm'd|v
d Jqkdwm ajzzdkY ]tud&, d
0g'}-qdkwm yg&wmyJ/
]tud&,
d 0g'}-qdkwm b,fvkd[mvJ¿
]vGeu
f sL;wJY udk,-f EIw-f ESvkH;qdkwm avmurSm t
xift½Sm; ½Sad yrJY 'gudk ]r½Sb
d l;}-vdkY ,lwJY 0g'[m
]tud&,d 0g'}-yJ/
olwkdY bmYaMumifY ]r½Sb

d l;}-ajym&wmvJ¿
olwkdYu vlqkdwmudk t&aumufvkdY r&bl;? vlqkdwm wu,f
½Sw
d mr[kwb
f J ajym&umrQjzpfw,f? ½ky"f mwfçemrf"mwfawG&JU Bud,m
0daooudk ]vl}-vdkY txifrSm;aeMuwm-vdkYyJ/

tJonf ½ky"f mwf-emrf"mwfawG[m rjynfph akH o;wJY taMumif;

ypö,awGjzpfaeawmY onftaMumif;awGqkHvkdY pkHwJYtcg? udk,-f EIw-f
ESvkH;rIawGjzpfwJYtjzpf a&mufwmaygY/ taMumif;pkHvkdY aygif;qkHwmjzpf
vdkY vGewf ,f-avsmYw,f-ajymp&m bmrSr½Sb d l;/ 'gawG[m tm;vkH;
"mwfobm0awGcsn;f jzpfMuw,f/ aumif;w,f-raumif;bl;eJY vGef
w,f-avsmYw,fqkdwm vlawG&JU tBudKuftavsmuf jzpfaewmawGyJ
jzpfw,f/ vlu wu,ft&aumufv&kYd wJY t½Sd r[kwaf wmY 'gawG[m
wu,ft½Sd r[kww f mawGyJ/
olwkdY onfvkdjrifvkdY vGeu

f sL;rI udk,-f EIw-f ESvkH;uHawGukd
]r½Sd}-,lMuwm jzpfw,f/ ½kyf"mwf-emrf"mwfjrifvsifawmY vlu
aysmuf&rSmyJaygY/ vlaysmufvsif b,ftrI[m vGew f ,f-avsmYw,f
ajymr&jzpfNyDaygY/onfawmY uHukv d ufrcHol ]tud&, d (tBud,)0g'D}
jzpf&awmYwmyJ/ tJ'g ]tBud,0g'ed,wrdpäm'd|}d -yJ/
vGeuf sL;wJY udk,çf EIwçf ESvkH;qdkwm avmurSm r½Sw d mr

[kwb f ;l / 'gudkrodvkdY r½Sb
d ;l -ajymqdkwm jzpfw,f/ 'gudk rod&atmif
uvnf; vlYavmuudk taysmufjrifxm;w,f r[kwfvm;/ vlYavm
u taysmufjrifvsif a½SmifMuÚfcH&xdkuw f ,fqkdwJY 0d&rdwAÁ0w¬KawG
udk b,fjrifawmYrvJ/ 'gawGu vlay:rSmrS jzpfMuwmawG r[kwf
vm;/

]0d&rdwAÁ0w¬K}-[m bk&mYw&m;awmft&qdkvsif uH-

awGyJ/ vGeu
f sL;rI udk,-f EIw-f ESvkH;awGaygY/
umruH? ½lyg½lyuHawGyJ/ 'gudk umrokcv’u d mEka,m*?
twåuad vrxmEka,m*vdkY rrS0D &J wJw
Y &m;tjzpf tpqk;H a[mwJwY &m;?
"r®pMumrSm a[mcJYw,f/
]teao0dw}-qdkwm ]tmao0dw}-udk wm;jrpfwmyJ/ tm

ao0dw-vkywf m[m ]0d&rdwAÁ0w¬K}-jzpfvkdYaygY/ teao0dw-w&m;
[m ]0d&wDw&m;}-yJ/ tJonf 0d&wDjzpfwJY teao0dw w&m;awG
[m umrç½lyg½lyuHawG jzpfw,f/
onfuHawGudk bmjzpfvdkYvGefusL;w,f ajym&wmvJ-ar;r

vm;/ onfuHawG[m tJonfuHawGu tm½kHjyKwJYtm½kHawGukd vdktyf
wJYtwdki;f txGmxuf ydkuJjyKvkyw
f mjzpfvkdYvkdY ajym&w,f/
Oyrmqdkvsi-f vl[m qm;-oMum;tppawGvkdvkdY axmufyHY

ay;xm;&w,f/ 'gaMumifY qm;-oMum;tppudk axmufyHYrI jynfhrD
wJYtxd vdkvm;&rSmyJ/ axmufyHYrIjynfhrDwmxuf tydktvGef qm;-
oMum; tppudk vdkvm;jznfhqD;aew,fqkdvsif onfvkdysupf D;rSmyJ/
axmufyHYrIjynfhrDwmxuf tydktvGef b,fYaMumifY vdkvm;jznfhqD;ae&
ovJqkdvsif jznfhqD;pÚfu qm;-oMum;tppudk pGJoGm;aomaMumifY
vdkY ajz&r,f/

qm;-oMum;tppudk jznfYqD;rIrSm ESpcf kxGuv f mw,f/

]vdkvkdY-jznfYqD;wmeJY
pGJvkdY-jznfYqD;wm}-yJ/
onfvkdygyJ? umrç½lyg½ly tm½kHtrsKd ;rsKd ;awG[m vlurSD0J
zdkY vdktyfw,f/ vdkvkdY-rSD0J&if;u pGJ-oGm;NyD; rvdkbJvnf; rSD0Jaewwf
w,f/
]rvdkbrJ 0DS rJ [
I m ]tpG}J -eJY rS0D w
J mjzpfvkYd onfrSD0JrIuH
udk ]vGeuf sL;rI}-vdkY ajym&w,f/
tBud,0g'DawG[m ½kyef mrfeJY ½kyef mrfrJYukd odMuolawGom

jzpfw,f/ vl-rodMubl;/ vl-rodawmY ]vlvkyt f rI}-eJY vlrSmjzpfwJY
]tpGJvkyt f rI}-qdkwm eumPf;wpfvkH;rS rodatmif jzpfMuw,f/
rodawmY 'gawGukd rjynfhpkHao;wJY taMumif;tpdwt f ydki;f awG pka0;rI
ypöor0g,-yJvkYd odMuawmYw,f/ "mwfawGpkNyD; "mwfjyKMuwmawG
vdkYaygY/
onfvdktjrifrSm;NyD;ol[m onftjrifrSm;u ra½GUvsm;r
ajymif;vJbJ ckdifNrJaewmjzpfvdkY ed,wrdpäm'd|d ajym&wmyJ/
onf ed,wrdpäm'd|[ d m ed,wrdpäm'd|v d Jqkdvsi]f tjyK
uHawGukd jiif;qdkwYJ ed,wrdpäm'd|d jzpfvkdY ]tBud,
0g'ed,wrdpäm'd|}d -yJ/

127/ ta[wku0g'ed,wrdpäm'd|d t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm ]ta[wku0g'ed,wrdpäm'd|}d -qdkwm ½Sd

w,f/ ed,wrdpäm'd|t
d eufuawmY a½S;u xifay;cJYwmt
wdki;f yJ/ ta[wku0g'-udk teufxifay;&vdrYfr,f/
ta[wku-rSm ]t}-u wm;jrpfjcif;jypum; jzpfw,f/

]a[wk}-u ]taMumif;}-qdkawmY ]taMumif;rJY}-qdkwJYt"dyÜg,f
½Sdw,f/ ]ta[wku0g'-[m ]taMumif;rJY0g'}-aygY/
tJonf taMumif;rJY0g'[m ed,wrdpäm'd|d jzpfw,f/
'gaMumifY Ak'¨bmomawG[m taMumif;rJY0g'udk ed,wrdpäm

'd|jd zpfwmodNyD; a½SmifcsiMf uw,f/ 'gayrJY bm&JUtaMumif;rJY0g'[m
ed,wrdpäm'd|jd zpfw,fvkdY odMu[ef r½Sb d l;/ tm;vkH;[m taMumif;½Sd
csn;f jzpfw,f-vdkY ,lcsiMf uwm awGY&w,f/ orkww d &m;awGa&m?
y&rw¬w&m;awGa&m jzpfysuaf eorQawG[m taMumif;rJY r[kwMf u
wmawGcsn;f vdkYyJ/ 'gawGtm;vkH; ]taMumif;çtusKd ;}eJY jzpfysuaf eMu
wm[m trSeyf J/
'gayrJY bk&m;u 'gawGukdajymol r[kwb f l;/ 'gaMumifY

bk&m;&JU ]taMumif;tusKd ;0g'}-u 'gawG&JUtaMumif;tusKd ; vufcH
wmawG r[kwfbl;yJ/bk&m;u t&d,opömajymol jzpfw,f/]t&d,
opömjzpfwJY ]'ku©}-udk taMumif;rJYr[kwb
f l;/ onfvkdjzpfvsuef JY

'gudk taMumif;rJY0g'tjzpf vufcHvsif ed,wrdpäm'd|djzpfw,f}-

ajymolyJ/
'ku©t&d,opöm-t&u ]Oyg'geu©E¨m}awGyJ/Oyg'geu©E¨m
-qdkwm ]uHeu YJ u
H sKd ;cE¨m}-jzpfwYJ ½ky-f a0'em-onm-ocFg&-0dnmOf
awG jzpfw,f/ onfOyg'geu©E¨mjzpfwJY ]'ku©t&d,opöm}-awG[m
tvdkvkdjzpfwm? wefckd;½Siu f zefqif;vdkY jzpfwmeJY? a½S;uHaMumifY jzpfwm
awG r[kwb f l;/ bk&m;u onfvkdajymcJYwm/
]'ku©t&d,opöm xdkuw f JY onf uHeJYuHusKd ; cE¨mawG
[m taMumif;rJ}Y -awGvkYd ,lrS ]ta[wku0g'
ed,wrdpäm'd|}d -jzpfwmyJ/
Ak'¨bmomawG[m udk,Yu f kd,u

f kd ]taMumif;tusKd ;0g'D}-awG
vdkY vufcHaeMuw,f/ tckvljzpfaewmeJY qif;&J-csr;f om tppawG
jzpfaewmawG[m ]a½S;uHaMumifyY }J -vdkY cH,Ml uw,f/ 'gYaMumifY olwkYd
]ta[wku0g' ed,wrdpäm'd|}d -eJY bmrSrqdkio f lawGvkdY rSw,f lMu
w,f/ tJonfvkdcH,lvkdY ta[wku0g' ed,wrdpäm'd|u d vGww f rf;
qdkvsif Ak'¨bmomawGxuf odyÜHorm;awGu ydkNyD; ta[wku0g'
ed,wrdpäm'd|u d vGwMf uzdkY½Sw d ,f/ a&udk olwkdYteufazmfMuwmrSm
[dkuNf 'dK*sief JY [dkuNf 'dK*siw
f pf0ufjzpfwJY atmufpD*sif aygif;aewJYt&m
jzpfw,fvkdY ZeujzpfwJYtaMumif;txd odEkdiMf uolawG r[kwv f m;¿
tppawGvnf; onfvdkcsnf;ygyJ/

'gayrJY olwdkY ta[wku0g' ed,wrdpäm'd|du vGwfMuol

awG r[kwMf ubl;/ uHeJYuHusKd ;jzpfwJYw&m;awG&JU vnfywfjzpfyGm;ae
ykHukd rodMubJ ]uHoufouf} odvkdu?f ]uHusKd ;oufouf}-odvkdu?f
]udavomoufouf}-odvdkuf jzpfaeMuw,f/
uH-[m olY[m oljzpfEkdit

f m;r½Sw
d m rodMubl;/
0dygufeJYudavomawGvnf; onfvdkyJ? rodMubl;/
'gawG[m ]olY[molyJ jzpfaeMuw,f}-vdkY odaeMuw,f/
wu,fuawmY opfapYopfyifeJY opfoD;vdkyJ? opfyif[m

opfapY&JU ajymif;vJwJYtjzpfyJ/ opfoD;uvnf; opfyif&JU ajymif;vJ
tjzpfyJ/ opfapYuvnf; opfoD;&JU ajymif;vJtjzpfyJ/
uH-[m udavom-wpfjzpfvJyJ/
0dyguf-vnf; uH-wpfjzpf vJjzpfw,f/
udavom-uvnf; 0dyguf-wpfjzpfvJyJ/
xrif;u qef wjzpfvJ ZeujzpfwJY tusKd ;-taMumif;awG

vdk jzpfMuwmawGyJ/ 'gawG olwkdY rodjrifMuvdkYyJ pum;vkH;qkH;ol
(y'y&rw¬)ajymcsuq f &mawG&JU ½dk;&mAk'¨bmomawGvnf; onfvkdyJ/
'kut© &d,opömjzpfwYJ Oyg'geu©Em¨ uHeu

YJ u
H sKd ; ½ky-f a0'em-
onm-ocFg&-0dnmOfawGukd odMuw,f/ 'gayrJY uHjcm;? 0dygufw

jcm; odaeMuw,f/ 0dygufawG[m a½S;uuH&JUtusKd ;awGvkdY txdyJ/

tJonf0dygufay:rSm uHawGjzpfaeMuayrJY tJonfuHeJY tJonfuH
jzpfwnfcH 0dyguf[m XmeD-XmeyJ pyfw,f/
tJonfu&H UJ 0yd gufu aoNyD;rSjzpfrmS vdkY odaeMuw,f/ tJonf

uHeJY0yd gufukd taMumif;-tusKd ;jzpfw,fom cH,lMuw,f/ umv-
Xmeu trsm;BuD; jcm;aew,f/ 0dyguf[m a½S;uH&JUtusKd ;vdkY-om
ajym&w,f? tJonfuHeJY 0dygufukd taMumif;-tusKd ;pyfatmifawmY
ajymol[m vkyrf jyEdkiaf vmufbl;yJ/ ajymol&JUpw d x
f JrSmyJ taMumif;-
tusKd ;pyfae&zdkY ½Sw
d ,f/
udk,Yfpwd x f J½Sw
d mudk tjyifrSm rjyEdkiv f kdYawmY tusKd ;½Srd Sm r
[kwb f l;/ udk,Ypf w d xf J ½Sw d mudk,w f kdiu
f tjyifbufrSm wu,f½w Sd m
r[kwb f J pum;tjzpf ajymcJYwJY pum;wpfckukd Mum;&&mu pdwx f J
t0ifcHxm;&wm jzpfzkdY½w Sd ,f/ pum;[m tjyifbufrSm wu,fr½Sb d J
pum;tjzpfy½J w dS YJ pum;&,fvkYd ½SEd kid wf ,f/ tJonfpum;[m vlt Y wGuf
trIud of ½dkuyf J/ tjyifbufrSmr½Sw d JY pum;qdkawmY ]teufrJYpum;}-
aygY/
]pum;}-qdkvsif ]teuf}-awmY½&dS rSmyJ-vdkY ajymp&m½Sw

d ,f/
teufutvsi½f NSd yD;rS pum;u aemufrSay:&wm jzpfvkdYyJ/ 'gaMumifY
pum;½Sv
d sif teufvnf;½S&d r,f ajymp&m½Swd maygY/

'gayrJY teufudkazmfjywJYpum;rSm umvMumvdkYjzpfjzpf?

&yfwnf&mrSm;vdkYjzpfjzpf? qdkvkdol&JUteuf taysmufcH&wmawG? vkH;vkH;
teufrodawmYwmawG tjzpfcH&w,fqkdwm ½Sw d ,f/ pum;vkH;awmY
½SNd yD; tJonfpum;&JUteufrSef r[kwb f J xifwJYteufukd tazmfcH&
NyDqkdvsif tJonfteuf[m avmurSm wu,f½Sw d JYteuf r[kwb
f J
jzpfEkdiw f ,f/ onfvkdjzpfvsif tJonfpum;vkH;[m teufrJYpum;yJ/
tJonfteufrpYJ um;[m ajymcsio f avmuf tm;xkwaf jym? bmrStusKd ;
r½Sb d l;/ tusKd ;r½S½d kHru tusKd ;yif,kwcf H&zdkYrvGJ jzpfw,f/
tJonfvkd teufrJYpum; ajymoleJY teufrJYpum;udk vufcH

ol[m y'y&ryk*¾Kd vfvkdY ajym&w,f/ (y'y&rqdkwm pum;vkH;rSmyJ
pum;eufu qkH;aeNyD; vlYjzpf&yfqD ra&mufwJYpum; jzpfvkdYyJ)/
bk&m;a[mcJYwJYw&m;awGukd onfvkd y'y&rjzpfwJY q&m

awGu teufay;cJYMuwmawGaemuf vdkuMf uwJY a½S;½dk;&mAk'¨bmom
awG[m uH-wpfjzpfvJ[m 0dyguf-yJ? 0dyguf-wpfjzpfvJ[m udav
om? udavom-wpfjzpfvJ[m uH-vdkY rajymEdkiMf ubl;/ rodEkdiMf uvdkY
rodbJaeovm; qdkawmYvnf; raeMubl;/ oHo&m-qdkwm aemuf
b0u-ao? onfb0-jzpf? onfb0u-ao? aemufb0-jzpf? onf
vdk tzefzefaovdkuf-jzpfvdkuf[m oHo&m-vdkY odjyMuw,f/
onfolawG&JU uH-0dyguf-udavom tod[m uav;od

awGyJ jzpfw,f/ uav;[m a½Too d vm;-ar;vsif odw,f-ajymrSm

yJ/ b,fvkdood vJqkdvsif ajymifajymifuav;yJqkdwmrsKd ; jzpfw,f/
udavom-[m uH-&JUtaMumif;a[wk jzpfw,f/ 'godvsif

uH-[m udk,-f EIw-f ESvkH;eJY vGeu
f sL;vdkuaf yrJY udk,u
f uHukdjzpfap
vdkuwf mr[kwaf Mumif; odr,f/ udavomuyJ uHukd jzpfapvdkuw f
maygY/ uH[m udk,v f kywf mr[kwaf wmY? uHukd udk,u f rvkyb f Jae
vdkYvnf; r&bl;/ udk,u f vkyw f mqdkvsif udk,u f rvkyb f JaevdkYvnf;
&&rSmyJ r[kwv f m;/
'gaMumifY uHukrd jzpfapcsivf sif uHukrd vkybf J aeEdkif

atmif rBudK;pm;bJ tJonfu&H UJ tjzpftysuu f kd jrif
atmifMunf&h r,f/ tJonftjzpftysu/f uHjzpfvmNyD;?
uHysuof mG ;vdkY r½Sad ewmudkajymwm r[kwb f ;l / uH&UJ
vu©PmawGukd jrifatmifMunfhvkdY awGU&wJY tjzpf-
tysuf jrif&vdrrYf ,f/tJonfu&H UJ tedp-ö 'ku-© tewå
-tokbawGaygY/
tJ'gjrifvsif uHtay:rSm om,maewmawG aysmufukevf rd Yf

r,f/ uHtay:rSm om,maevdkY aemufxyfwzef uHjyefvkywf myJ?
rom,mvsif uH-rvkyaf wmYbl;/ onfawmY ]om,mwmu ]uH&JU
taMumif;a[wk}-yJ/ om,mwmu om,mrI rIe0f g;vmwJtY cg om

,mcsirf I ,if;xwm jzpfw,f/ tJ'g rcHEkid jf zpfNyD;? uH-jyefvky&f wmyJ/

'gYaMumifY uHrSm taMumif;a[wk ½Sw
d ,f/
tJonf uH&JUtaMumif;a[wkukd rodvkdY uHjyKol[m olyJ
udk,fyJvdkY odaeMuwm jzpfw,f/
wu,fawmY ]uH-[m pdwåZaMumifYjzpfw,f/oljyK-
udk,jf yKajymzdkY r[kwb
f l;}/ onfvkdjzpfvsuf uHjyKol
[m udk,yf -J olyJ ajymqdkc, H al eMuolawG[m ]ta[
wku0g'ed,wrdpäm'd|}d awGjzpfaMumif; odMu&rSmyJ/
ta[wku0g' ed,wrdpäm'd|ed JYpyfNyD; teufazmfjycJYwm ½Snv
f sm;oGm;
NyD/ jynfhpkHvnf; oGm;a&maygY/
128/ ew¬du0g' ed,wrdpäm'd|d t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm ]ew¬u d 0g'ed,wrdpäm'd|}d -qdkwm ½Sw

'g&JUteufuvnf; ta&;BuD;w,f/ onfteufrodvsif tJ'g
d ,f/
jzpfaevdkY jzpfaerSef;rod jzpfMur,f/ onfvdkrjzpf&atmif onf t

eufazmf&r,f/
ed,wrdpäm'd|dteuf odMuNyD;NyDyJ/ ]ew¬du0g'}-udk teuf

azmfzkv
Yd kw
d ,f/ ew¬ud 0g'udk a&S;u azmfxm;NyD;awG ½Sw
d ,f/ tJ'gawG
[m todeJYazmfxm;wmr[kww f m awGY&w,f/ ajrvQdK;-rdk;ysH-wefckd;
zefEdkifolawG r½Sdbl;,lwm? tppawGvnf; ew¬du0g'awGtjzpf jy
xm;wm awGU&w,f/

'gawG[m Ak'¨0g'udk rwD;rdracgufrdvdkY jzpf&wmawGyJ/

a½S;ujyxm;wmawGvnf; jzpfcsijf zpfyg? a½S;uvnf; Ak'¨0g' rodMu
vdkYvdkYyJ ajym&r,f/ onftqdk vGefovdkrjzpfaMumif;ay:zdkY azmf&rSm
yg/ Ak'¨bk&m;&JU0g'[m orkwo d pöm0g'vm; ar;vsif acgif;cgrSmyg/
ajrvQdK;çrdk;ysçH wefck;d zeftjzpf tppawG[m t&d,opömw&m;awGvm;?
orkwo d pömw&m;awGvm; cGJjcm;MunfhzkdY ajym&ygr,f/
Ak'0¨ g'[m t&d,opö0g'yJ/ t&d,opö0g'[m]uHeJY
uHtusKd ;awG jzpfwm-Nidr;f wmeJY jzpfaMumif;-Nidr;f
aMumif; jycsuaf wGy/J
onfopömawGrSm udpöawG udk,pf D½SMd uw,f/ todcHupd ö?
tqdkucf H-ty,fcH-tyGm;cHupd öawGyJ/
onfrSm todcHupd ö½Sw d JY t&d,opömu ]uHeJYuHtusKd ;awG

jzpfykH}-yJ/ tJonfopd &mrSm todcHrSm;wJYtjzpf[m rdpämyJ/ uHjyKvsif
0dygufjzpfw,f? 'g-odp&myJ/ uHjyKvnf; 0dygufrjzpfbl; odwm[m
odp&mudkow d m rSm;wmyJ/ onfrSm;wmu eufeuf½Iid ;f ½Iid ;f rSm;wm
jzpfvkdY ]ed,wrdpäm'd|}d -vdkY ajym&w,f/
]uHukd vkycf sio
f avmufvkyf bmrSrjzpfb;l - jrifwm
[m 0dygufukd rjrifwmbJ r[kwv f m;/ 0dygufrjrif
awmY 0dygufr&Sb d l;-vkyaf wmYwmjzpfvkdY ]ew¬u
d 0g'}-
yJ/
tJ'g ]ew¬du0g' ed,wrdpäm'd|d}-jzpfwmyJ/

ew¬u d 0g' ed,wrdpäm'd|[ d m 'ku©t&d,opömeJYpyfNyD; tjrif

rSm; NrJNrJjzpfykH a[majymcsuyf J/ ajrvQKd;-rdk;ysHvkd orkwo
d pömt&mrSm
ajymwJYpum; r[kwb f l;yJ/ 'gaMumifY onfvkdajymwm Ak'¨0g'udk r
wD;rd racgufrdvdkYvdkY ajymcJYwmyJ/
ew¬ud 0g'ed,wrdpäm'd|[ d mvnf; 'ku©t&d,opöm rodvsif
rvGwEf kdiw f myJ/ 'ku©t&d,opömqdkwmu ]uHeJY0yd gufoHo&m&JU vnf
ywfrIaMumifY xifay:vmwJY owå0g&JU vu©PmawGodrI}-r[kwf
vm;/
a½S;b0 rarG;rDu uHawGaMumifY tck 0dygufcE¨m&ae
w,fqkwd YJ tjrif[m 'óe r[kwb f J ]wuú}-yJ/
udavom-uH-0dyguf oHo&mu vlay:rSmjzpfymG ;wJY
t&myJ/ 'gudkrjrifvsif ew¬u
d 0g'u jzpf&rSmyJ/
0dygufukv d nf; vlawG rjrifMubl;/ 0dygufukd vlawG a&vdkuf

vGJaeMuw,f/ 'gaMumifY 0dyguf rjrifMuwmyJ/ 0dygufqdkwm uHjyK
cH&ol&JUtjzpfrsKd ;jzpfwm-vdkY odaeMuwm a&vdkuv f GJwmyJ/ olYtouf
owfol&JU towfcH&ol[m aow,f/ owfwm&JUtusdK;[m
towfcH&ol&JU aowJYtjzpfrsdK; tjzpfcH&wm-vdkY xifaeMuw,f/
owfwJYtwGuf towfcH&olYtjzpfrsKd ; jzpfygYrvm;/ owfol

u towfcH&olrS r[kwfwmyJ/ owfol[m towfcH&oltjzpf
rsKd ; rjzpfbJ? owfolYtjzpfrsKd ;yJ jzpf&rSmaygY/

tusKd ;qdkwm taMumif;eJY wl&wmyJ/

taMumif;u-owfwm? tusKd ;u-owfoljzpfwmaygY/
onfvkd wl&rSmyJ/ towfcH&ol&JUtjzpfrsKd ; aowJYtjzpf[m
owfol&JUtusKd ; r[kwaf yrJY onfvkdawGyJ xifaeMuwm bmYaMumifY
vJ¿-qdkvsif a½S;utkycf sKyfolawG[m vlowfolawGukd aemufxyf
qufrowfEkid af tmif vlaY vmuu ½Si;f xkwwf o
YJ abmeJY owfypfMuNrJ
½Sw
d ,f/ onfawmY owfwm[m aopm;aoaptusKd ;&w,f jrifMu
pGJMuawmYwm jzpfEdkifw,f/
onftwdkif;yJ cdk;vdkY-tcdk;cH&wm? vdrfvdkY-tvdrfcH&wm?

tppawGeJY rowfvkdY towfrcH&wm? rcdk;vdkY tcdk;rcH&wm? ay;vdkY
tay;cH&wm? ray;vdkY tay;rcH&wm/ 0dygufukd onfvkdawG ,lMu
awmYwmyJ/ ] o'doygu Zee}-qdkwm onfvdkawGjzpfw,fvdkYaygY/
onf-vkyv f kd YjzpfyGm;wJY tusKd ;awG onfrSmjzpfwm rawGU

awmY? aemifb0usrS tusKd ;jzpfr,f-vdkY vkyMf u&w,f/ aemifb0cH
,lcsuu f kd rdpäm'd|-d vdkY bk&m;uajymcJYawmY rdpäm'd|jd zpfNyDaygY/ omref
[odwAÁjzpfwYJ udk,w f kid jf rifEkid w
f m r[kwbf J ]awG;,l&wm}jzpfawmY
]wuúm0p&}vnf; jzpfNyDaygY/ bk&m;u olw Y &m;udk ]twuúm0p&"r®?
oE´d|du"r®}-vdkY a[mcJYwmeJY qefYusifNyDaygY/

onfvkd0yd gufukdojd rifcsu[

f m [efrl&mbD(abbDvkHjynfY½Si)f
&JU Oya'odwmrsKd ; jzpfaewmyJ/udk,rYf suvf k;H azmufwm cH&vsif Oya'
u azmuforYl suv f ;kH jyefazmufay;&w,f/ udk,v Yf ufjzwfvnf; onf
vdkyJ? jzwfolYvufukd jyefjzwfay;&w,f/ 'g-t½dki;f acwfu Oya'yJ/
t&d,opömqdkwJY tjrifYqkH;vlY*kP&f nfou d ©mjzpfwJY Owå&rd Ekó"r®u
onfvdk b,f[kwfEdkifygYrvJaygY/
]tjrifYqkH; vlY*kPf&nfodu©mvrf;pÚf(Owå&drEkó"r®)}-udk
bk&m;uvGJNyD; b,folrS razmfEkdiMf ubl;/ bk&m;azmfay;csuf tquf
qufeJY uif;NyD;vnf; b,folrSrodEkdiMf ubl;/ 'gaMumifY vlawG uH&JU
tusKd ;udk rod EdkiMf uwmyJ/ jrwfpmG bk&m;azmfjywJY uHt Y usKd ;tjrif[m
tjrifYqkH; vlY*kP&f nfou d ©m½SNd yD;olrS jrifEkdiw
f JYtjrifyJ/
cdk;wJYuH&JUtusKd ;[m ]olckd;tjzpf a&mufwmyJ}/

owfwu YJ ?H vdrwf u
YJ aH wG&UJ tusKd ;awG[mvnf; vlowform;
tjzpf? vlvdrftjzpf a&mufwmawGyJ/
rcdk;-rowfuH&JU tusdK;awGvnf; rcdk;ol tjzpf? rowfol
tjzpf a&mufwmawGy/J ay;wJu Y &H UJ tusKd ;[m ay;oltjzpf a&mufwmyJ/
0efxrf;tvkyu f kdvkyvf sif 0efxrf;orm;? ukeo f ,
G t
f vkyv f kyvf sif ukef
onf? ,mÚfarmif;vsif ,mÚfarmif;orm;? bke;f BuD;tvkyv f kyv
f sif
bkef;BuD;? onfvdkjzpfaeMuwmawG twdkif;ygyJ/

cdk;vdkY-olckd;tjzpfa&mufwmrsm; ]tusKd ;vm;}-vdkY ajymMu

rvm;ygyJ/ rcdk;bJeJY olckd;tjzpfa&mufw,fqkdwm ½Sv d kdYvm;-jyefar;
&r,f/ onfvdkawmY b,f½SdrvJ-ajzvsif onfavmufxif½Sm;ae
wmudk b,fYaMumifY cdk;rI&JUtusdK;tjzpf todtrSwrf jyKcsi&f wmvJ
ar;zdkYyJ½Sw
d ,f/ xif½Sm;ay:vGiv f Ge;f vdkYukdyJ todtrSwrf jyKcsiw
f m-
vdkY jyefajzrvm;ygyJ/
onfvkdajzolukd ar;&r,f/ olckd;tjzpfa&mufwmeJY ra&muf

wm[m bmrS jcm;em;csurf ½Sad tmif wlaeMuovm;-vdkyY /J onfv[ l m
onfvyl ?J bmjcm;em;ovJ-jyefajzrvm;yJ/ olck;d [m cdk;p&mawGUwt YJ cg
vlaumif;vdkyJ cdk;csipf wd rf aygufbJ ½Srd vm;¿ vlaumif;eJYjcm;em;wJY
cdk;csipf w
d af ygufrvm;-ar;&r,f/ 'gajzvsif cdk;csipf w
d af ygufr,f-
vdkYyJ jzpfvdrfYr,f/ cdk;csifpdwfaygufwm[m ,kwfrmovm;?jrifYjrwf
rvm;¿ ar;vsiv f nf; ,kwfrmw,f ajz&rSmrvGJyJ/
onfawmY cdk;jcif;[m jrifYjrwfoltjzpfu ,kwfnHYoltjzpf

avsmusapwJt Y xd xl;jcm;wJt
Y usKd ; ½Sw
d myJ/ jrwfpmG bk&m;u wu,f
jzpfwJY onftusKd ;udka[mcJYw,f/ onfa[mcsu&f JU av;eufwJYtjzpf
rjrifol[m jyeftcdk;cH&rS tusKd ;vdkYxifawmYwmyJ/ jyeftcdk;cH&wm[m
vufpm;tajccH&wmrQygyJ/ vufpm;tajccH&vsif cdk;jypf[m r½Sad wmY
atmifausw,fyif ajym&ygvdrfYr,f/ wu,fYcdk;jypf[m onfvdkeJY
aus½kd;½Syd gYrvm;/

0dygufudkodwmrSm vlawG a&vdkufvGJaeMuw,f/ onfvlY

tjzpfu jyKwJYuH&JUtusKd ;0dyguf[m onfvlYtjzpfrSm jzpfcGiYfyifr½Sd
jzpfwJYtxdyJ/ 'gqdkvsif 0dygufukd vkH;vkH;udk oE´|d u
d odeJY rodbl;
ajym&wJYtjzpfyJ/
onfawmY uH[mtusKd ;r½Sb d l;vdkY ,lwmr[kwaf yrJY uH&JU

tusKd ;udkrodbJ? ]uHtusKd ;r[kw&f mudk uHtusKd ;vky,
f lwmqdkawmY
uH&JUwu,fYtusKd ;udk ]r½S}d -,l&myJ a&mufw,f/ 'gaMumifY onft
,lvnf; ]ew¬u d 0g' ed,wrdpäm'd|}d uvGwzf kYd taMumif;r½Sb
d jJ zpfr,f/
]ew¬ud 0g' ed,wrdpäm'd|}d -[m ]uHtusKd ;[m vkH;

vkH;vsm;vsm;r½Sd ,lwmyJjzpfjzpf?r[kww
f mudk tusKd ;
vky,f vl kYd t[kwt
f usKd ;½Sw
d m r,lwmbJ jzpfjzpf? 'g
awGtm;vkH;[m ]ew¬u d 0g' ed,wrdpäm 'd|}d -yJaygY/


tcef;(9)
tukov t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
129/ tmo0 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm ]tmo0}-vdkY ½Sw d ,f/ tmo0-udk teuf

azmf&r,f/ a½S;u tmo0teufay:atmif razmfovdk jzpf
w,f/ tmo0udk ]tmoa0gw&m;}-vdykY J jrefrmjyefMuw,f/ 'gaMumifY
tmo0teuf[m todprd ;f ae&w,f/
]tmo0}qdkwm tmom½Sjd cif;-vdkY &wJY ]tmom}-eJY ]0}-

taygif;pum;vkH;yJ/ ]tmom}-qdkwm Armvdk ]tvdk}-vdkY &wmyJ/
ArmawGu ]tvdktmom}-qdkNyD; wGJokH;MuwJY pum;awGtxd ½Sw d ,f/
tJonf]tvdk}-[m ]qE´}-eJY wGJokH;Muwmvnf; ½Sw d ,f/ qEéJYwGJokH;
wJY ]tvdk}-r[kwb f l;/ ]tmom}-eJYwGJokH;wJY ]tvdk}-&JUteufu
]wPSm}-eJY oGm;wlw,f/
'gaMumifY ]tmom}-qdkwm ]wPSm}-vdkY t"dyÜg,f &
r,f/onfawmY ]tmo0}-qdkwm ]wPSm½Sjd cif;}-vdkY
t"dygÜ ,f jzpf&vdrrYf ,f/
]tmo0jzpfwm}-udk ]tmo0awG ,dkpD;w,f? tmoa0g

,dkp;D w,f}-onfvkv d nf; ajymwwfMujyefw,f/ ]tmo0}-&JUteuf
u ],dkpD;}-vdkYvnf; xGuaf umif;xGuyf gr,f/ tmo0&JUtaetxm;

udk,w
f kdiu
f ,dkpD;vmovdkvnf;jzpfvkdY ]tmoa0g,dkpD;w,f}-ajym
wmvnf; jzpfaumif;jzpfrSmyJ/
tmo0jzpfwJYw&m;[m tmo0aMumifY uHjyKNyD;? tJonfuH

aMumifY 0dygufjzpfcg tJonf0yd guf&JU Z&m-r&P-vdkYqkd&wJY 0dyguf
cE¨mjzpfwJY a0'emçtp½Sw d mawG&JU ,dk,Gi;f -ysuNf yKef;rI tjzpfawG
jzpfymG ;vmvdk?Y Zmwdtcdkuwf iG ;f u ½Scd w
YJ YJ 0dygufcE¨mjzpfwYJ a0'emtp½Sd
wmawGvdk r[kwaf wmYwmaMumifY tJonfZmwdtcdkufjzpfwJY 0dyguf
cE¨mjzpfwYJ a0'emtp½Sw d mrsKd ;udk vdkvm;rI wPSmtmomawG ,dkp;D pdrYf
xGuv f mMuw,f/
opfapYaMumifY jzpfxGef;ay:aygufvmwJY opfyif? tJonf

opfyifuoD;wJY opfoD;? tJonfopfoD;xJrSm opfapY[m b,folu
xnfhay;wmvJ/ opfoD;udkjzpfapwJY opfyif? tJonfopfyifudkjzpf
apwJY opfapY/ tJonfopfapY[m olYaMumifYjzpfwJY opfyifeJYopfoD;
awGukd jzwfavQmuf,kpd ;D pdrx
Yf u
G Nf yD; opfo;D xJrmS wnf½adS ewm r[kwf
ygvm;/
onfvdkyJ? wPSmtmo0[mvnf; uHeJY0dygufawG tjzpf

ajymif;vJjzpfxeG ;f &mu tJonf0yd gufxu J ,dkprd pYf ;D xGuv
f mwm aMumifY
onfwPSmudk ],dkp;D pdrx Yf u
G v
f mjcif; tmo0jzpfw,f}-ajym &wmyJ/
]tmom+0}-[m ]tmo0}-jzpfw,fqdkvdkY wPSmwpfckwnf;

tmo0-vdkYajymvdkYjzpfrSm r[kwb
f l;/ wPSmu olwpfckwnf; jzpf
aumif;wmrS r[kww f myJ/ wPSmjzpfvsif t0dZÆmawG?'d|ad wG tpp
jzpfMurSmaygY/ 'gaMumifY ]tmo0}-[m tJ'gawGyJvdkY rSwf&r,f/
]tmo0}-qdkwm ]uH-0dygufuad vom}wdkY vnfywf
jzpfymG ;rIykid ;f qdki&f m ajymqdk&wJY ]udavomwPSm}&JU
emrnf jzpfw,f/
]uH}-rajrmufwJYvkyif ef;udk ajymqdk-jyKrl-rsuEf Smaersm;udk
vkycf sit
f momjzpfaerIawG avmurSm trsm;tjym;½Sw d ,f/ 'gawGukd
vnf; Armpum;rSm ]vkycf sit f momawG ½Sw d ,f}-vdkY ajym½dk;½Sw
d ,f/
onftmom½Sw d mawG[m ]tmo0 r[kwb f l;}/
uHajrmufwJYvkyif ef; vkycf siw
f mom ]tmo0}-jzpf
w,f ajym&r,f/ tvSLvkycf siw f ,f?bk&m;zl;oGm;csif
w,f? w&m;xdkicf siw f ,f-qdkwmawGvnf; tmo0eJY
vGwrf Sm r[kwbf l;yJ/
130/ MoC t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm ]MoC}-vdkY ½Sw

d ,f/ ]MoC}-udk teufazmf
&r,f/ oHo&mudk MoC-vdkY okH;wmjzpfw,f/
MoC-udk ArmawGu ]0JMoC}-vdkY ]0J}-qdkwpYJ um;
vkH;eJY wGJokH;wwfMuw,f/ ]uH-0dyguf-udavom
vnfywfrIukd jzpfapwJY udavomw&m;awG&JUemrnf}
-yJ/ tmo0eJYwlw,f/

131/ a,m* t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm ]a,m*}-vdkY ½Swd ,f/ a,m*-udk ArmawG

u ]w&m;tm;xkwrf Ivkyif ef;}-vdkY odaeMuw,f/ wu,f
awmY w&m;tm;xkwrf Ivkyif ef; r[kwbf l;/ oHo&mvnfatmif tm;
xkwrf Ivkyif ef;yJ [kww
f ,f/
oHo&mvnfatmif tm;xkww f v
YJ kyif ef;udkyJ oHo&m
rvnfapwJYw&m; rSwNf yD; tm;xkwMf uwmyJ/ tJ'g
]a,m*}-yJ/
tJonfa,m*awG[m umruHawG yGm;rsm;tm;xkwrf S a,m*

jzpfwm r[kwb f l;? ½lyg½lyuHawG yGm;rsm;wmawGvnf; a, *-yJ/
onf-tm;xkwrf IrSeo f rQawG[m oHo&mvnfwmawGcsn;f yJ/ tJonf
a,m*awG[m umrjzpfjzpf? ½lyg½lyawGjzpfjzpf tJonftm½kHawGrSm
w,SÚpf yfpyf? wuyfw, G w
f ,
G f vkyaf e&wmjzpfvkYd ]a,m*}-ac:wmyJ/
tJonfa,m*vkyo f lukdawmY ]a,m*D}-ac:w,f/ tJonf a,m*DukdyJ
a,musmf qdkvsif ]aZmf*sD}? rde;f rjzpfvsif a,m*deD(=aZmf*eD)yJ/
oHo&mvGwaf Mumif; rZÑdry#dy'gr*¾[m onftm½kHawGrSm

w,SÚpf yfpyf? wuyfwG,w f G,rf vkyv
f kdY ]a,m*}-r[kwb
f l;/ ]r*¾}-
[m a,m*jzpfwJY uHawGukd ]0dbZÆ=a0zefcGJjcrf;wm vkyw f myJ}/
wpfcgodNyD;vsif tJonfuHqD wpfacgufrjyefawmYvdkY ]a,m*}-vdkY
qdk&wJY w,SÚpf yfpyfvkyw
f m rjzpfbl;/

]a,m*}-[m uH-0dyguf-udavom vnfywfru

I kd
jzpfapwwfwYJ udavomw&m;awG&JU emrnf}-yJ/
tmo0-t&eJY wlw,f/
132/ Oyg'ge t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm ]Oyg'ge}-qdkwm &Sw d ,f/'gudk ]tpGJ}-vdkY

ArmrIjyKMuw,f/ 'g&JU teufaumufwJY tcgrSmawmY rrSef
Mubl;/ pm;cJçY 0wfcçYJ aecJbY ;l wmudk jyefvnfpm;csiçf 0wfcsiçf aecsiw
f m
awGeJY ½Scd JYzl;wJY rdbpolawGukd atmufarYwo owd&aewmawGtxd
]tpGJ}-t&aumufcsiMf uw,f/
]Oyg'ge}-[m Oy-eJY tm'ge-yJ/ jyif;jyif;xefxef+

,ljcif;-vdkY t"dygÜ ,f&vdrrYf ,f/ 'gudk ArmrSm ]t,l
onf;w,f}-qdkwJYpum; okH;wmyJ/
]onf;}-qdkwJYpum;[m ]oJ}-qdkwJYpum;eJY t"dyÜg,fwlyJ/
]oJaewmyg}-vdkY ajymMuwmawGvnf; Mum;zl;MurSmyJ/ tJonfrSm
]oJaew,f}-qdkwm wu,fjzpfaew,f-qdkwmxuf ]vGeaf ewm}-
udk qdkvkdwmyJ/ 'g[m ]Oyg'gef}-qdkwm&JU pum;eufyJ/
]uH}-vkyv f kdY ]0dygufcE¨m}-awG jzpfw,f/

tJ'g ]Zmwd}-yJ/
0dygufcE¨mtjzpf jzpfwJY Zmwd-jzpfvkdY Z&m-r&P-ay:w,f/

Z&m-r&P-qdkwm ]Zmwd=tjzpf&JU ,dkiv f J-a&GUvsm;jcif;}-

qdkwJY trnfyJ/ ZmwdjzpfpÚfu 0dygufeJYuH[m rQajc jzpfaew,f/
0dyguf&UJ Z&m-r&PqdkwYJ t,dkit f a&GUbuf vJwt
YJ cgrSm 0dygufZmwdeYJ
tJ'g&JUtaMumif;uH[m wu,fjzpfcJYwJYuHeJY 0dygufwefzdk;xuf
ydkrkdBuD;rm;wJY wefzkd;½Sw
d ,fvkdY t,ltxifawG jzpfvmw,f/
tJ'grsKd ;udk ArmrSm pum;ykH½Sw

d ,f/ ]vGwo
f Gm;wJYig;[m
BuD;w,f}-vdkYyJ/ onfvkdjzpfvkdY olYtod[m ]onf;xef}-vmw,f/
tJonf onf;xefwJYpdwf-[m rlrrSefawmYwJYtod? ]tpGJtod}-jzpf
wmyJ/ tJonftod[m todcHtm½kHukd olY[mol zefwD;vmw,f/
olYtpGJeJY vdkuaf vsmudkun f DatmiftxdaygY/
todcHtm½kHu olY[molaewm/ tJonftm½kHukd olYtodu

jznfYcsiw f mawGjznfYNyD; zefwD;w,f/ onfawmY 'da|=jrif&&mü? 'd|
rwåH=jrif&wJY yrmPtwdkif;? eb0dówd=rjzpfwmyJ/ wu,fu
]'fad | 'd|rwåH b0dówd}-jzpf&rSm/ tJonfrmS vnf; Armpum;yk½H w dS YJ
]udk,x f if ukwifa½Teef;}-qdkwmeJY ]½Sr;f BudKuf EGm;acsm}-qdkwmyJ/
'gawG[m Oyg'ge-qdkwm&JU teufawGyJ/

'gawG&JU t&aumufawmY ]uHukjd zpfapwJY taMumif;udav
om}-yJ &vdrfYr,f/ tJonf udavomjzpfwJY Oyg'gefawGvnf; uH
tusdK;0dygufu jzpfapwmawGyJ/ 0dygufu jzpfapwmr[kwfwJY

Oyg'gef&,fvkdY r½Sb
d l;/ Oyg'gefvkdYxif&wm&JU taMumif;[m 0dyguf
r[kwfvsif Oyg'gef-r[kwfvdkYbJ/
Ä«tydk'f 58/ Oyg'ge-ukkdvnf; ½Iyg/»
133/ eD0&P t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm ]eD0&P}-qdkwm ½Sw d ,f/ onfpum;[m

]ed+tm0&P}-yJ/ ]tm0&P}-qdkwm yGiYfvif;wmyJ/]ed}-
u wm;jrpfw,faygY/ onfawmY ESpyf k'af ygif; o'´geufu ]ydwq
f kdY
w,f}-vdkY jzpfw,f/
bmudkyw d qf kYw
d mvJ-qdkvsif rdpäm'd|&d JUtm½kHawGeJY or®m
'd|u
d kd rjzpfatmif ydwq f kw
Yd myJ/]uHeu YJ t
H usKd ;udk rod
atmif ydwq f kdYwm/ udavomry,fEkdiaf tmif ydwq f kdY
wm/ vGwaf jrmufrI ydwq f kdYwm}/
onfvdkawGvnf; ajymEdkifw,f/
'gawGu eD0&P&JU pum;eufeJY t"dyÜg,feufawGyJ/ onf

teufawG&JU t&awGu umrpäE´? Asmyg'-tppawGyJ/ 'gawGjzpfyGm;
aevsif tjrifrSeef JY tjrifrSejf zpfzkdY tm½kHawGukd rjrifbl;/ 'gawGvnf;
0dygu0#faMumifjY zpfwYJ w&m;awGy/J 0dygu0#faMumifjY zpfwm r[kww f YJ
ydwqf kdYrI[m eD0&P r[kwb f l;yJ/ NrdKU½Gm? vlol? wd&pämef-tppawG
rodwmawG[m 0dygu0#faMumifY r[kwb f ;l / tJ'gawG eD0&PaMumifY
r[kwb f l;/

umrukokdv?f ½lyg½lyukokdvaf wG ryGm;Edkiaf tmif ydwq

f kdYwm
vnf; eD0&P r[kwfbl;/
134/ tEko, t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm ]tEko,}-qdkwm ½Sw d ,f/ onfpum;[m

tEk+o,-qdkwJY ESpfvkH;aygif;yJ/ ]tavsmftdyfaerI}-vdkY
pum;euf&w,f/
t"dygÜ ,fu-]tEko,-[m 0dygu0#frmS jzpfymG ;wJY
udavom}-yJ/
0dygu0#fw&m;udk,fwdkifyif ]tavsmftdyfaerI}-yJ/ uH-jyK
pÚfu uHjzpfwJYapwemESifY twljzpfwJY w&m;awGeJY xyfwltjzpf
awG[m ]0dyguf}-awGyJ/ 'gudk ]apwemrygawmY-vdkY 0dyguf}-
ajym&wmyJ/
'gaMumifY 0dyguf[m ]tjyK}-r[kwaf wmYwJY ]tjzpf}-jzpfvkdY
]tdyaf ew,f}-ajym&wmyJ/ tJ'geJYtavsmf tdyaf evdkY tJonfxJygwJY
umr&m*? y#dC? tppawG[m ]tEko,}-yJ/
135/ oHa,mZe t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm ]oHa,mZe}-qkw d m ½Sw d ,f/ oHa,mZeudk

Armu ]oHa,mZÚf}-vdkYyJ ac:Muw,f/ oHa,mZe&JU teuf
jzpfwJY o'´geuf=pum;eufukdawmif bmvdkY rod&rvdkyJ/ cspcf ifjrwf
Edk;rI? pGJvrf;aewmrsKd ;udk oHa,mZÚf-vdkY okH;EIe;f Muwm awGUEkdiw
f ,f/

oHa,mZeygVd&JU pum;eufu ]xkH;zGJUrI}-vdkY jzpfw,f/ Oyrm

qHyifxkH;zGJUwmrsKd ;udk oHa,mZeqdkwJYpum;eJY okH;w,f/
onfrSm ]oHa,mZe&JU teuf[m ]pdwt f xkH;tzGJU}-

vdkYajymvsif oifYjrwfzkdY ½Sw
d ,f/tm½kHwpfckrSm pdwxf kH;
zGJUomG ;NyDqkdvsif tJonftm½kHeJY tjcm;tm½kHawGrSm tm
½kaH wGtavsmuf jrifrMI um;rIawG rjzpfawmYb;l /
'd|-okw-rkweJY 0dnmwawGrSm 'd|rwå? okwrwå? rkwrwå?
0dnmwrwåawG rjzpfawmYbJ 'd|tyrmP? okw-rkw-0dnmw
tyrmPawG jzpfw,f/
'gaMumifY oHa,mZÚf½Sv d kdY tjrifrrSeb

f l;yJ/ tMum;-tawGU-
todawGvnf; rrSeb f ;l / rSm;w,f ajymMu&wmyJ/ tm½kaH wGuko d w
d wf
wJYpw
d u
f oHa,mZÚfvkdYajym&wJY xkH;zGJYwm jzpfoGm;vdkYyJ/
&m*-a'goawGvnf; oHa,mZeawGyJ/
'd|?d rme? 0dpu
d pd ä?O'¨p?ö oDvAÁwy&mrmoawGvnf; pdwt
f xk;H
oHa,mZeawGyJ/ 'gawGjzpfvsif jrif&Mum;& tppawGrSm yrmPrSef
twdki;f rodawmYwmawGy/J jrifcsi&f m xifcsi&f m jrifxifawmYwmaygY/

136/ udavo t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm ]udavo}-wdkwm ½Sw d ,f/ 'gudk teufrjyef

awmYbJ ArmawGu ]udavom}-vdkYyJ ac:Muw,f/ udav
om qdkwm bmvJ-vdkY ar;vmvsif avmb a'go tppawGaygY-
vdkY ajzMur,f/ tJ'gawGu bmaMumifY udavom-vdkY emrnf&wmvJ-
ar;vsiaf wmY udavomrdkYvkdYaygY-vdkY ajzrvm;yJ/
udavo-&JU pum;eufu ]yifyef;jcif;?npfErG ;f jcif;}

-yJ/ pdwn f pf-pdwyf ef;wm[m ]udavom}-yJ/ b,f
vdkpwd jf zpfwJYtcg pdwn f pfwmvJ-ar;vsif xdkuo f ifY
wJwY efzk;Yd ray;bJ &csiw f m? zsucf siw
f m tpppdwaf wG
jzpfwm[m yifyef;npfErG ;f wmyJ/
onfawmY udavo&JU t&aumufteuf[m-

]0dygufu jzpfapwJY vdkcsirf ?I zsucf sirf ?I rdkurf rJ ?I
axmifvmT ;rI? tjrifrmS ;rI? awGa0rI? xdki;f rdiI ;f rI? ysHU
vGirYf ?I r&Surf ?I raMumufraI wGy/J 'gawG[m]pdwyf if
yef; npfErG ;f apwwfwmawGjzpfvkdY udavom ac:wm
awG}-yJ/

137/ ukr®*¾ t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm ]ukr®*¾}-vdkY ½Sw

yJ/ jrefrmvdk ]pufqkwzf G,v
d ,f/ ukr®*¾-qdkwm uk+r*¾-
f rf;? vrf;r[kww f JYvrf;?vrf;
qdk;vrf;ysu}f -vdkY pum;euf&w,f/
vrf;ysu-f qdkwm ajceJYoGm;wJYvrf;tysu&f JUemrnf r[kwf
bl;/ vltY usiv Yf rf;udk ]vrf;}-vdkaY jymNyD;? tusiyYf su-f vdkY ]vrf;ysu}f -
ajym&wmyJ/
]tusi}Yf -qdkwmu uH&UJ emrnfyJ/ uHu vGwaf jrmuf

&meJv
Y w
JG u
YJ H jzpfvkYd ]uHysu?f tusiyYf su?f tusiq
Yf k;d ?
tusirYf [kww f tYJ usi}Yf -vdkY tajymcH&wmyJ/ tJ'g
]avmuDu}H -aygY/
vrf;ysu&f JUo½kyaf wGu ]tjrif-tawG;? tajym-tvky-f t

ae? BudK;pm;-Edk;Mum;-pdwx f m;}-awGy/J tusirYf [kww f YJ tusix
Yf u
J
onf½Spcf su[ f m vrf;ysu=f ukr®*¾-yJ/ uHu jyKvky&f wJYtrIjzpfvkdY
]tusi]Yf -ajym&w,f/ udavomaMumifjY zpfwu YJ H jzpfvkYd ]avmuDu}H
-ajym&wmyJ/


tcef;(10)
aAm"dyu©,
d t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
138/ psme t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm]psme}-qdkwm ½Sw
d ,f/psme-udk ]psmef}-vdkY
ajymMuw,f/ pum;eufu razmfMubl;/ psme-[m ]pl;pdkuf
BuHpnfrI}-vdkY pum;euf&w,f/ t&yfvkdawmY pdwu
f l;tawG;tac:
aygY/
t"dyÜg,fteufuawmY ]uH0yd gufoHo&m&JUvu©Pm
awGukd BuHpnf pl;pdkurf &I UJ trnf}-[m ]psmef]yJ/
olYo½kyfu 0dwuf?0dpm&? yDwd?okc-Oayu©m?{u*¾wmawG
aygY/ onfvu©PmawGrSm pdwu f kd wifay;wm? okH;oyfwm? ESpof rd Yf
wm? csr;f omwm? vspvf sLjzpfwm? xdyq f kH;a&mufwmawG&JU emrnf
awGyJ/
139/ owdy|me t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm ]owdy|me}-qdkwm ½Sw d ,f/ 'gudk teuf

rjyefMubl;/ ]owdy|mef}-vdkYyJ ArmawGu ac:Muw,f/
owd+y|me-yJ/ owd=atmufarYrI?Äy|me=jy"mef;-yJ/ jrefrmvdk
]owdxm;rI}-yJaygY/
Ä rSwfcsuf/ y|me=wnfxm;jcif;/

]owdxm;rI}-&JU t"dyÜg,fteufu t&m&mudk owdxm;rI

r[kwb f l;/ owdxm;&rnfYtm½kHu ½Sad o;w,f/ jzpfysuo f rQ tjzpf
tysut f m½kHawG owdxm;&rSm r[kw½f kHrQrubl;/ um,-a0'em-
pdwå-"r® tm½kHwkdi;f udk owdxm;&rSmawmif r[kwbf l;/
Oyg'geu©Em¨ xdkuw f YJ um,-a0'em-pdwå-"r® tm½kH
awGrSmjzpfwJY ]tbdZÑmeJY a'g reów&m;tm½kH}-awG
rSmyJ owdxm;&rSm jzpfw,f/
owdxm;w,f-qdkvkdY owdwpfckwnf; xm;vsif
NyD;a&mYyJ r[kwb f ;l / ]0D&,
d -ynmawGeYJ tJonfw&m;
awG azsmufEkdiaf tmifukd owdukda½SUxm;rIvky&f rSm}-
jzpfw,f/ 'g owdy|mef&JU t"dyÜg,fteufyJ/
140/ or®yÜ"me t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm ]or®yÜ"me}-vdkY ½Sw d ,f/ 'gudk jrefrmrjyef

Mubl;/ ]or®y"Ü mef}-vdkyY J jrefrmvkyMf uw,f/or®y"Ü me-[m
or®m+y"me-yJ/ or®m=rQwwJY? Äy"me=tm;xkwrf I-aygY/ or®m jzpf
atmif tm;xkwrf IyJ/
b,fvdk tm;xkwfvkHYvjyKwm&JU trnfvJ¿

- ygyjzpfwJY bkHokH;yg;uHw&m;awGjzpfvsif y,fEkdiaf tmif?
- rjzpfvsif rjzpfvmatmif/
Ä rSwfcsuf/ y"me=jyif;pGmtm;xkwfjcif;(0D&d,)/

- r*fuHw&m;rjzpfvsif jzpfatmifeJY
- jzpfvsif qxufykdjzpfatmif tm;xkwv
f kHYv jyKwmyJ/
'g or®my"mevkyif ef;yJ/
141/ £'¨dyg' t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm ]£'ÿd g'}-vdkY ½Sw d ,f/'gudkvnf; jrefrmrjyef

Mubl;/ ]£'ÿd g'f}-vdkYyJ vkyMf uw,f/£'ÿd g'-[m £'¨+d
yg'-yJ/ £'¨d=NyD;jynfYpkHrI? yg'=tajccH-aygY/
NyD;jynfpY krH &I UJ tajccH[m £'ÿd g'&JU pum;eufy/J
NyD;jynfYpkHrIqkdvkdY vkyif ef;wdki;f &JU NyD;jynfYpkHrIwkdi;f udk qdkvkdwm

r[kwb
f l;/
&[ef;vkyif ef;udpö jzpfwYJ t&d,opömav;yg;&JU udpö
awGrmS NyD;jynfpY krH u I ko
d m qdkvkw
d ,f/tJonfvkyif ef;&JU
NyD;jynfpY krH I tajccHawG[m £'ÿd g'fawGy/J
tJ'g&JUo½kyaf wGu qE´?vkHYv?pdw?f ynm-wdkyY /J
NyD;csirf ?I NyD;zdkv
Y kv
YH xkwrf /I NyD;zdkpY w
d "f mwfeYJ NyD;zdkt
Y od
awG[m £'¨&d UJ tajccHawGaygY/
'g[m £'ÿd g'f&JU qdkvkdcsuyf J/

142/ t"dywd t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm ]t"dywd}-vdkY ½Sdw,f/ t"dywdudk jrefrm

rjyefMubl;/ t"dywd-vdkYyJ ac:a0:okH;pGJMuw,f/ t"d+yg+
wd=t"dywd/ jrefrmvdk ]tBuD;trSL;}-qdkwm pum;eufyJ/
&[ef;vkyif ef;udpjö zpfwYJ t&d,opöawGrmS NyD;pD;zdkY BuD;

rSL;wJYw&m;awG&JU trnfyJ/o½kyu f qE´?0D&, d ? pdwå?
ynmawGy/J 'gawG [m &[ef;&JU &[ef;udpNö yD;rIqkid f
&m t"dywdw&m;awGyJ/
143/ £NE´, d t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm ]£NE´, d }-vdkY ½Sw

Mubl;/ £aÈ´-vdkYyJ vkyv
d ,f/ £NE´, d udk jrefrmrjyef
f kduMf uw,f/ £È´+Ps=£'d+Ps
=£NE´,d -yJ/ ] tpd;k &wJt
Y jzpf jyKwwfww YJ &m;}-vdkY jrefrmvdk pum;euf
jyef&zdkY ½Sdw,f/
tm;vk;H udk tpdk;&wm&JUemrnf r[kwb

f J uHeYJ 0dyguf
tm½kHawG&JU vu©PmawGrSm tpdk;&wJYtjzpf jyKwwf
wm jzpfw,f/ o½kyaf wGu o'¨g? owd? 0D&, d ?o
rm"d? ynm-awGy/J

144/ Av t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm ]Av}-vdkY ½Sw d ,f/ 'gudkvnf; jrefrmrjyef

Mubl;/ ]Adkv}f -vdkYyJ ac:Muw,f/ ]Av}-qdkwm jrefrmvdk
]tm;pGr;f ? cGet
f m;}-&JU trnfyJ/
'kua© wG ydki;f jcm;odNyD; ork',awGy,fzkrYd mS cGet

f m;
jzpfwJYw&m;awGukd ]Av}-vdkY ac:wmyJ/ o½kyu f
o'¨gpwJY ig;yg;yJ/ 'gawG u udavomy,fowfzkdY
tm;tifawG jzpfvkdYyJ/
145/ aAm"dESifY aAmZÑ*F t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm ]aAm"d}-vdkY ½Sw d ,f/ 'gudk jrefrmrjyefMu

bl;/ ]aAm"d}-vdkYyJ ac:Muw,f/ tJonfaAm"d&JU tpdwft
ydki;f awGusawmY aAmZÑ*F=aAmZÑif-vkYdyJ ac:Muw,f/
aAmZÑif[m aAm"d+t*F-yJ/ aAm"d-qdkwm ]tod}-&JU

trnf jzpfw,f/ todwkdi;f &JUtrnfawmY onfae&m
rSmac:wm r[kwb f l;/ 'ku©t&d,opömodwJY tod
udk ]aAm"d}-ac:wmyJ/ 'ku©t&d,opömodwJY tod&JU
tpdwt f ydki;f udk aAmZÑ*F-ac:wmyJ/
o½kyaf wGu owd?ynm?0D&,
d ?yDw?d yó'¨?d Oayu©m?orm"d-
awGyJ/ 'gawG[m 'ku©tod&JUtpdwftydkif;awGaygY/

146/ r*¾ESifY r*¾*F t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm ]r*¾}-qdkwm ½Sw d ,f/ 'gvnf; jrefrmrjyef

Mubl;/ ]r*f}-vdkYyJ jrefrmrIjyKNyD; ac:Muw,f/ r+*rk+uG=d
r*¾-yJ/ ]owfNyD;oGm;wm}-vdkY pum;euf&w,f/
t"dyÜg,fteufuawmY ]uH}-awGyJ/ uH-[m jyKwJYtcg qefY
usibf ufawG owfwmyJ/ tukokv d jf yKvsif ukokv
d [
f m qefu
Y sib
f uf
yJ/ ukokdvuf kd owfwmyJ/
uHwkdi;f awmY onfrSm ]r*¾}-vdkY qdkvkdwm r[kwb

f l;/
onfae&mrSm ,lvkw d ]YJ r*¾}-u ]udavomaMumifjY zpf
wJY uHawGukd owfwJY uH}-udkyJ ]r*¾}-qdkvkdw,f/
r*¾&JU tpdwt
f ydki;f awGukdawmY ]r*¾*F}-ac:&w,f/ o½kyaf wG
u or®m'd|?d or®mouFyÜ? or®m0gpm? or®mur®EÅ? or®mtmZD0?or®m
0g,mr? or®mowd? or®morm"d-awGyJ/ 'gawG[m 'ku©ow d JY tpdwf
tydki;f awG jzpfw,f/
Ä rSw&f ef/ or®m'd|d =d tjriform? or®mouFy=Ü tBuHorm? or®m0gpm=

tajymorm?or®mur®EÅ=tjyKorm?or®mtmZD0=tae (rsufESm
aersufESmxm;-[efyef)orm? or®m0g,mr=BudK;pm;rIorm?
or®mowd=Edk;Mum;rIorm? or®morm"d=pdwx
f m;rIorm

147/ cE¨ t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm ]cE¨}-qdkwm ½Sw d ,f/ ]cE¨}-udk jrefrmrjyef

Mubl; (teuf rjyefMubl;)/ ]cE¨}-vdkYyJ ArmawG ac:Mu
w,f/ cE¨=cH+"m+t=tpdwt f ydki;f wdkY&JU tpk-vdkY jrefrmjyef&rSmyJ/
o½kyu f ½ky?f a0'em? onm? ocFg&? 0dnmÚf-&r,f/ 'gawG

u b,fvkdpkvkdYvJ-ar;vsif wpfckwkdi;f rSm umvokH;rsK;d ? Xmeav;rsKd ;?
ya,m*av;rsdK; pkaew,f ajz&r,f/ ½kyf?a0'em-tpp wpfckrSmyJ
]twdw-f tem*wf-ypöKyÜe}f okH;rsKd ;½Sw
d ,f/ wnfYwnfY MunfYawmY
ypöKyÜe?f rjzpfcifu MunfYawmY tem*wf? jzpfNyD;rS MunfYawmY twdwf
jzpfw,f/ umvokH;ck[m wpfckrSm vmpkaeMuw,f r[kwv f m;/
]wGi-f jyif? eD;-a0;? ,kw-f jrwf? Murf;-Ek} Xme-ya,m*awG

vnf; onfvdkyJ/
olYxuftjyifuswmaxmufNyD; twGi;f ?
twGi;f uswmudkaxmufawmY tjyif? tpp onfvkdawGcsn;f
aygY/ wpfckckrSm onfq,fYwpfaxG[m pkwmyJ/ 'gaMumifY 'gawGukd
tpkawG=cE¨mawG ajym&wmyJ/ 'g[m ]cE¨}-&JU t"dyÜg,fteuf
jzpfw,f/
t&d,a0g[m& ]cE¨}-t&,l&rnfcY E¨mawGu onf

vdk pkwmwdki;f r[kwb
f l;/ vlujzpfapwm r[kwb
f J

vlay:rSmjzpfymG ;aewJY ½ky?f a0'em?onm?ocFg&?0dnmÚf

awG&UJ tpkawGyJ jzpfw,f/ vl&UJ ½ky?f a0'em?onm?
ocFg&?0dnmÚf r[kwb f l;/ ]vlrSmjzpfwJY ½ky?f a0'em?
onm?ocFg&?0-dnmÚf}-yJ/
tJ'g em;rvnfcsifp&m jzpfw,f/

vl&JU ½ky?f a0'em?onm?ocFg&?0dnmÚfqkdwmu pdw?f Owk?tm
[m&wdkYaMumifY jzpfyGm;aewJY ½kyf?a0'em?onm?ocFg&?0dnmÚfyJ/
vlrmS jzpfayrJY vl&UJ ½ky?f a0'em?onm?ocFg&? 0dnmÚf
r[kww f JY ½ky?f a0'em?onm?ocFg&?0dnmÚfqkdwmu]uH
oHo&mvnfywf&mu jzpfwJY ½ky?f a0'em? onm?
ocFg&? 0dnmÚf}-yJ/
ykHpHtm;jzifY olckd;½ky?f olckd;a0'em? olckd;onm? olckd;ocFg&?

olckd;0dnmÚfqkdwm ½Sw d ,f/ vlvrd ½f ky?f vlqkd;½ky?f tvSL½Si½f ky?f Oykof
onf½ky?f w&m;orm;½ky-f -a0'em?onm?ocFg&?0dnmÚf-qdkwmawG
½SMd uw,f/
tJonf ½ky?f a0'em?onm?ocFg&?0dnmÚfawGu vl&JU ½ky?f a0'
em-pwmawG r[kwb f J? vlrSmjzpfwJY ½ky?f a0'em-pwmawGyJ [kwf
w,f/
vltjzpfjzpfwnfaewJY ½kyf?a0'em?onm?ocFg&?0dnmÚfeJY
vlYtjzpfay:rSm jzpfwnfaewJY ½ky?f a0'em?onm?ocFg&?0dnmÚfwkdY[m

wpfckeJYwpfck rwluGJjym; jcm;em;Muw,f/ vlYtjzpfay:rSm jzpfwnfae

wJY ½ky?f a0'em-pwmawG[m vlYtjzpfjzpfwnfaewJY ½ky?f a0'em-
pwmawG r[kwMf ubl;/
vlt
Y jzpfay:rSm jzpfwnfaewJY ½ky?f a0'em?onm?ocFg&?0dnmÚf
awG[m vlaMumifYjzpfwJY ½ky?f a0'em?onm?ocFg&?0dnmÚfawG r[kwf
Mubl;/ vlvkyf ½ky?f a0'em?onm?ocFg&?0dnmÚf r[kwb f ;l -qdkvkw
d ,f/
vlvkyfr[kwfvsif? vlaMumifYjzpfwmawG r[kwfvsif b,fY

aMumifjY zpfwYJ ½ky?f a0'em?onm?ocFg&?0dnmÚfawGv¿
J ar;p&m½Sw
d ,f/
'g&JUtajzu-
]uH-0dyguf-udavom? onfokH;yg;[m wpfyg;udk
wpfyg;u axmufqjzpfymG ;aeMuwJY pufw&m; jzpf
aew,f/ onfpufaMumifY jzpfwJY ½ky?f a0'em?onm?
ocFg&?0dnmÚf}-yJvkdY jzpfw,f/
'gaMumifY tJonf½kyf?a0'em?onm?ocFg&?0dnmÚfawG[m
vlrSmjzpfayrJY vl½kyfr[kwfbl;/ vlYa0'em? vlYocFg&? vlY0dnmÚfawG
r[kwfMubl; ajym&r,f/
tJonf½kyu f kd ]vl½ky}f -rac:vsif bmvdkY ac:&rvJ/ vlYa0'
em? vlYonm? vlYocFg&? vlY0n d mÚf-onfvkd rac:vsif bm-a0'em?
bm-onm? bm-ocFg&? bm-0dnmÚf ac:&rvJ¿

vl½kyrf [kww
f JY½kyu f kd ]tpGJ½ky}f -vdkY ac:&rSmyJ/
vYla0'emr[kww f JY a0'emudk ]tpGJa0'em}?
vlYonmr[kww f JY onmudk ]tpGJonm}?
vlYocFg&r[kww f JY ocFg&udk ]tpGJocFg&}?
vlY0n
d mÚfr[kww f JY 0dnmÚfukd ]tpGJ0n d mÚf}-vdkY ac:&rSmyJ/
tpGJukd ygVdvkad c:vsif ]Oyg'ge}-vdkY ac:&w,fqkdawmY ygVd

oHeJYac:csivf sif Oyg'gef½ky?f Oyg'gefa0'em? Oyg'gefonm? Oyg'gef
ocFg&?Oyg'gef0n d mÚf-vdkY ac:&r,f/ tJ'gudk ygVdpnf;urf;usatmif
qdkawmY ]½lykyg'gef? a0'Ekyg'gef? onkyg'gef? ocFg½kyg'gef? 0dnmPkyg
'gef}-aygY/
tJ'gawGu twdwf-tem*wf-ypöKyÜef? wGif;-jyif? eD;-a0;?

Murf;-Ek? ,kw-f jrwf tpdwaf wGpkawmY ]cE¨}-jzpfwmaygY/ tJonfawmY
tJonfvlr[kww f JY½kyt
f pkukd ]½lykyg'geu©E¨}? a0'emtpkusawmY
]a0'Ekyg'geu©E¨}? onmusawmY ]onkyg'geu©E¨}? ocFg&usawmY
]ocFg½kyg'geu©E¨}? 0dnmÚfusawmY ]0dnmPkyg'geu©E¨}-ac:&awmY
wmaygY/
onfawmY ½lykyg'geu©Em¨ ? a0'Ekyg'geu©Em¨ - tpp

awG[m vlYcE¨mawG r[kww f mawG-vdrkY Sw&f vdrYrf ,f/
t&d,a0g[m& ]cE¨}-&JU t&[m tJonfcE¨mawGy/J

t&d,a0g[m& cE¨w¬ ½ky?f a0'em?onm?ocFg&?0dnmÚfawG

[m ½ky?f a0'em?onm?ocFg&?0dnmÚfrnfwkdi;f &rSmr[kwb f l;/ uHeJY
uHusKd ;xdkuw
f JY ½ky?f a0'em?onm?ocFg&?0dnmÚfawGyJ/ ½lykyg'geu©E¨?
a0'Ekyg'geu©E?¨ onkyg'geu©E?¨ ocFg½kyg'geu©E?¨ 0dnmPkyg'geu©
E¨-jzpfMuvdrYfr,f/ 'g t&d,a0g[m& ]cE¨}-&JU t&aumufyJ/
148/ tm,we t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm ]tm,we}-vdkY ½Sw d ,f/ 'gudk jrefrmrjyef

bJ ]tm,we}-vdkYyJ ac:Muw,f/ ]ae&m}-vdkY jrefrmjyef&
zdkY ½Sw
d ,f/ pdwpf wJYw&m;awG jzpfay:zdkYae&mjzpfvkdY jzpfay:&mawGukd
]tm,we}-ac:&wmyJ/
tm,weo½ky[ f m rsupf ?d em;?ESm?vQm?udk,?f pdwf (eJY tJonf

rSmxifvmwJYtm½kH) ajcmufyg;aygY/ tJonftm,weawGuvnf;
ESprf sKd ;½Sw
d ,f/ vl&UJ tm,weawGeYJ vlrmS jzpfayrJY vl&UJ tm,wer[kwf
wJY tm,weawGyJ/
vl&JUtm,we r[kww f JY tm,weawGu b,faMumifYvlrSm

vmjzpfae&ovJ¿ ar;cGe;f xGuEf kdiw
f ,f/
tJonf tm,weawG[m vlrmS jzpfayrJY vlaMumifY
jzpfwm r[kwb f ?J oHo&mpufaMumifjY zpfwYJ tm,
wejzpfvkyYd -J ajz&r,f/ udavomeJu Y aH wGu jzpfap

vdkuv f kYd jzpf&wJY tJ'g&JU tusKd ;0dyguftm,we jzpf

vdkYyJ/
tJonf vlaMumifjY zpfwYJ tm,we[m t&d,a0g[m& tm,

we r[kwb
f ;l / uHaMumifjY zpfwYJ 0dyguftm,weom t&d,a0g[m&
tm,weyJ/ 'g tm,wew¬-yJ/
149/ "mwk t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm ]"mwk}-vdkY ½Sw

d ,f/ tJ'gudkvnf; jrefrmrjyef
Mubl;/ ]"mwf}-vdkY jrefrmpum;rIjyK ac:Muw,f/]taqmif}
-vdkY jrefrmvdkac:&zdkY ½Sdw,f/ onf"mwfudk o½kyftm;jzifY tcH"mwf
ajcmufyg;? twdku"f mwfajcmufyg;? tyGiY"f mwfajcmufyg;-qdkNyD; wpf
q,fY½Spyf g; &w,f/
t&d,a0g[m& ]"mwk}-&JU teufrSmawmY ]uHaMumifYjzpfwJY

"mwfwpfq,fY½Spyf g;}-yJ &r,f/ o½kyt f m;jzifY uHaMumifYjzpfwJY-
]rsupf -d em;-ESm-vQm-udk,-f pdw}f -tcH"mwfajcmufyg;/ uHaMumifY
jzpfwJY ]tqif;-toH-teHY-t&om-tawGU-oabm}- twdku"f mwf
ajcmufyg;eJY uHaMumifYjzpfwJY ]tjrif-tMum;-teHY-t&om-tawGU-
tod}-tyGiYf"mwfajcmufyg;wdkYyJ/

uHaMumifYjzpfwJY "mwfwpfq,fY½Spyf g;[m vlrSmjzpfwwfwJY

"mwfawG jzpfayrJY vlaMumifYjzpfwJY"mwf r[kww
f JYtwGuf vl&JU"mwf
wpfq,fY½Spyf g; r[kwMf ubJ? tpGJ"mwfwpfq,fY½Spyf g;om jzpfw,f/
tJonf tpGJ"mwfawG[m t&d,a0g[m&]"mwk}-&JU t&awG jzpf
w,f/


tcef;(11)
apwodu t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
150/ avmb t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm½Sw d JY ]avmb}-udk jrefrmrjyefMubl;/ avm

b-vdkYyJ ArmrIjyKNyD; ac:aeMuw,f/ ygVduawmY ]vkAÇwDwd
avmabm}-qdkNyD; ]vdkcsiwf mudk avmb}-vdkY teufziG w Yf ,f/ tJonf
vdkcsiw
f m BuD;wmudkrS ArmawGu ]avmbBuD;w,f}-qdkNyD; avmb
teuf aumufMuw,f/
tJonfrSm ]BuD;w,f}-qdkwm b,favmufvkdY yrmP rjy

csiMf ubl;/ tJ'gtwGuf ]0doravmb}-vdkY ajymvmMuw,f/]azmuf
jyefwJY vdkcsifwJYavmb}-aygY/
onfawmY ]razmufjyefwJY vdkcsifrI orrQwwJY avmb}-

vdkY ½S&d OD;rvdk jzpfw,f/avmb-[m orrQwwJYavmbvdkY r½Sb d l;yJ/
onfawmY avmbteuf rodawmYwmyJ/ avmb-u teufrod
vdkY rawmfbl;/
Ak'¨bmomawG&JU yifrvkyif ef;u ]avmb(wPSm)}y,fzkdY
r[kwv f m;/ ry,fEkdiaf o;vsif y,fzkdY OD;wnfxm;&r,f/ y,fEkdio
f rQ
vnf; y,fae&r,f/ onfawmY avmbteuf rodvdkY rawmfbl;
jzpfwmaygY/

rodawmY avmbr[kwfwmawGvnf; avmbxifNyD; a½Smif

z,fa½Smifz,f vkyfr,f/ vGwfatmifa½SmifvdkYvnf; r& jzpfNyD;? pdwf
"mwfawG usr,f/ MumawmY udk,Yu f kd,uf kd odk;uav; jzpfoGm;wm
cH&rSe;f odod cH&oGm;wJYtjzpf a&mufwmyJ/ onfawmY ]Ak'¨bmom
jzpf&wm vlnHYjzpfzkdYvkdvkd}-jzpf&NyDaygY/ 'gaMumifY avmbteuf
wdwu d susozd kdY vdkw,f/
]avmb}-[m vlrmS jzpfayrJY vlu jzpfapvdkuw f m

cH&wJYw&m; r[kwb f l;/ avmb&JU tm½kHuvnf; vlU
rsupf -d em;-ESm-vQm-udk,w f keYd YJ od&wJY tjyiftyrSm
wu,f½aSd ewJYtm½kH r[kwb f J? ]avmb jzpfwnfcH&
rnfYol&JU pdwåZu zefwD;vdkuw f JY tm½kH}-yJ jzpfw,f/
ykHpHtm;jzifY t½l;çtrl;eJY a&m*gonfawG odMuwJYtm½kHrsKd ;

jzpfw,f/ tJonftm½kHawG[m tjyiftyrSm wu,fwnf½SdaewJY
tm½kHawG r[kwMf ubJ? t½l;çtrl;eJY a&m*gonfawG&JU pdwåZu xif
ay;vdkuw
f JYtm½kHyJ jzpfovdkrsKd ;aygY/
'gaMumifY avmb[m vlrSmjzpfayrJY vljzpfypön;f r[kwb f J?

]pufjzpfypön;f } jzpfw,f/ oHo&mpufaMumifYjzpfwJY ypön;f yJ/ avm
b&JUtm½kHuvnf; avmurSm wu,f½Sw d JYtm½kH r[kwaf wmY &csif
ayrJY &atmifvkyv f kdY b,fawmYrSr&rnfY tm½kHyJ/ MuufoGeu f kd tESpf

½Smoltvm; rsu&f nfus&wmyJ tjzpfc&H zdkY ½Sw

d ,f-qdkwmvdk avmb
tjzpfcH&ol[m t½l;vdk udk,pf w
d Ef Spyf g; qif;&J&zdkYyJ ½Sw
d ,f/
'gaMumifY avmbjzpfaejcif;udk pdwyf ifyef;npfnl;aew,f?

pdw½f yI af xG;xk;H zGaYJ ew,f? pdwyf w
d af ew,f? pdwtf pGjJ zpfaew,f? pdwq
f m
awGjzpfaew,f? pwJY pdwåZemrnftrsKd ;rsKd ; tajymcH&wm jzpfw,f/
]pdwåZjzpfaew,f}-qdkwm r[kww f mjzpfaewm? ½l;aewm qdkwmawG&UJ
emrnfawGyJ/ pdwfa&m*g &aejcif;aygY/ pdwfazmufjyefaejcif;vnf;
ajymvdkY&w,f/
Ak'b¨ mom&JU yifr&nf½, G cf su[ f m onfvkt d jzpfawG&UJ Nidr;f &m

edAÁmefqkdwmqDa&mufzkdYyJ/ 'gaMumifY avmbudk rjzpfapcsiMf ubl;/
rjzpfapcsiv f kdY avmbrjzpfatmif *½kpkduMf uw,f/ *½kpkduf MuayrJY
tJonf avmbuvnf; *½kpkduw f ke;f yJ rjzpfwm? enf;enf;uav;
vGwo f Gm;vsif jyefjzpfwmyJ/ tJonfvkdjzpfwm[m avmbNidr;f atmif
vkyef nf;r[kww f meJY Nidr;f atmifvkyw f m jzpfvkdYyJ/
avmbNidr;f zdkYtwGuf avmbrjzpfatmif aevdkrY &bl;/
avmbaMumifjY zpfwYJ uHe0YJ yd gufawGtukef tjypfawG
jrifatmif vky&f vdrYrf ,f/
tJ'gjrifvkdY uHeJY0yd gufawGukd rvdkcsiaf wmYwm[m avmb
Nidrf;wm jzpfvdkYyJ/ tJ'grjrifvsif avmbrjzpfatmif aeayrJY avm
bNidrf;wm rjzpfbl;yJ/

rNidrf;vsif avmbu jzpfaeovm;awmY ar;zG,faygY/ jzpf

awmYraebl;? 'gayrJY tJonf jzpfraewm[m Nidr;f wmr[kwb f l;
ajym&r,f/ Nidr;f wmr[kwv f sif tJonf avmbrjzpfaewmudk b,f
vdkajymrvJqkdvsiaf wmY? toifYavsmqf kH; ajym&rSmuawmY ]ikyaf ewm?
avmbtdyfaewm}-vdkYyJ jzpfw,f/
vdkcsiw f m[m BuD;csiBf uD;? i,fcsiif ,f? a½S;u cHpm;

bl;wJt Y jzpfukjd zpfapwJY uH&UJ tm½krH sKd ;udk pdwpf NJG yD;?tJ'g
rsKd ;vdkvkd xif&wJY tm½kH vdkcsiw f mqdkvsif ]avmb}-
yJ/
151/ a'go t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm ]a'go}-vdkY ½Sw d ,f/ a'goudkvnf; jrefrm

rjyefMubJ ]a'go}-vdkYyJ jrefrmu arG;pm;vdkufMuw,f/
jrefrmrjyefbJ tvkH;vdkuf arG;pm;vdkuaf wmY jrefrmawG a'go-udk
teufrxifMuawmYwmyJ/
a'goudk jrefrmrjyefMuayrJY a'gojzpfwmudk azmfjywJYtcg

okH;wJY jrefrmpum;awGawmY ½Sw d ,f/ pdwq f kd;w,f? pdww
f kdw,f/
pdwfysufw,f? pdwfemw,f? tppyJ/ onfvdk okH;aeMuayrJY 'gawG
tm;vkH; a'goteufjzpfzkdYawmY rvG,b f l;/

cHpm;csuq f kd;udk cHpm;&NyDqkdvsif pdwq

f kd;w,f-qdkwm jzpfNyD
aygY/ pdww f k?d pdwyf su?f pdwef mawGvnf; onftwdki;f yJ/ cHpm;csuq f k;d
vsuef JY pdwuf om,maezdkYwkdY? pdwu f ½Snaf ezdkY? pdwu
f aumif;aezdkY
wdkYqkdwm b,fjzpfEkdiyf gYrvJ/
cHpm;csuq f kd;qdkwm olrsm;u udk,Yu f kdepfematmif tvkycf H

tajymcH taecH&wJYtcgrSm jzpfwmawGyJ/ cHpm;rIaysmufawmYvnf;
cHpm;&wke;f ujzpfwJY pdwt f wdki;f qdk;aeçemaewJYpw d af wG jyefvnf
atmufarYwkdi;f vnf; ay:rSmyJ/ 'gawG[m cHpm;csuef JYpyfwJY trnf
awGyJ/
]a'go}-qdkwm[m ]onfvkd cHpm;csuq f kd;udk ay;ol
udk zsuq f D;ypfr,f? ysupf D;apcsiw
f ,f}-qdkwJY pdwf
"mwf&UJ trnfy/J ]
olrsm;udk zsuq f D;csipf w
d &f JU trnfaygY/ a'go[m cHpm;csuf
qdk;eJY wpfqufwnf; jzpfwwfwpYJ w d f jzpfw,f/ 'gayrJY cHpm;csuq f k;d &JU
trnfawmY r[kwb f ;l / cHpm;csuq f k;d ayrJY tJ'gay;olukd ysupf ;D apcsif
wJYpdwf rjzpfolawG½Sdw,f/ 0#fudkodolaygY/
cHpm;csuq f kd;vsif pdww f kdrSmyJ/pdwo

f mrubl;? ½kyyf gwdkr,f/
tajymvnf; wdkr,f/ tjyKvnf; wdkr,f/ wdkw,f-qdkwm jrefvmwm
aygY/ 'gawG[m a'gor[kwb f l;/ olrsm;udk zsuq
f D;csiw
f m r[kwf
vdkYyJ/ olrsm;udk ysupf D;pdwjf zpfwmurS a'gojzpfw,f/

152/ arm[ t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]arm[}-udk jrwfpGmbk&m; a'oemawGrSm½Sd

w,f/ 'gudk jrefrmrjyefMubl;/ ]arm[}-vdkYyJ jrefrmpum;
tjzpf arG;vdkuMf uw,f/ t"dyÜg,fteuftjzpf ]tm½kH\oabmudk
zkH;vTr;f jcif;}-vdkY azmfMuw,f/
onfteufawG[m rxda&mufbl;/ ]arm[}-qdkwJY t&d,

a0g[m&&JUteuf[m 'ku©ukd 'ku©vkdY rodumrQawmif r[kwb f J?
okc-vdkY ajymif;jyefvefatmifojd cif; jzpfw,f/ onfvko d w
d m[m
wvGJow d mjzpfvkdY ]odw,f}-vdkY ajzrnfYtpm;? ]rodbl;}-qdkwJY t"d
yÜg,f jzpfwmaygY/ 'gaMumifY arm[-udk ]rodjcif;}-vdkY ajym&wmyJ/
]arm[&JUteuf[m ]'ku©ukdrodjcif;}- trnfyJ/]'ku©
rodbl;}-qdkwm ]uHawG&JUtysuaf wGukd rodbl;}-vdkY
ajymwm&JUtrnfyJ/
153/ 'd|d t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm ]'d|}d -udk bk&m;a'oemawGrSm vmw,f/

'gudk jrefrmrjyefMubl;/ 'd|-d vdkYyJ jrefrmrIjyKMuw,f/ t&yf
pum;tjzpf ]t,lrSm;wm&JUtrnf}-tjzpf ajymMuwmawmY ½Sw d ,f/
b,frSm,lwm rSm;wmvJ¿
bmudk ,lwmrSm;wmvJ¿
'd|&d JU t,lrSm;cHw&m;udk rajymMubl;/

'd|d[m tjynfYtpkHajymvsif rdpäm xnfYNyD; ajym&r,f/ 'grS

]t,lrSm;}-jzpfr,f/ bmudk t,lrSm;wmvJ-awmY ajymzdkYvkdw,f/
udk,YfrSmrjzpfbl;wmudk jzpfzl;w,f-t,lrSm;wm? jzpfzl;wmudk rjzpf
bl;-t,lrSm;wmawG ½SEd kdiw f ,f/ 'gawG[m ](rdpäm)'d|}d -vm;¿
t&d,a0g[m& ](rdpäm)'d|}d -[m 'gawGr[kwb f ;l / 'd|t
d jzpf
cHw&m;[m udk,Yfukd,t f jzpf wnf½Sad eMuwJY ½kyaf wGemrfawGvnf;
r[kwfMubl;/
udk,uYf k,
d af y:rSm ,m,Dtjzpf wnf½v Sd mwJY vGJrSm;
todaMumifY jyKvkyw f YJ udk,-f EIw-f ESvk;H trI tjzpfxJ
rSmygwJY ½kyaf wGemrfawGy/J (tpGJ ½kyaf wGemrfawGy)J /
tJ'gawGukd ]'gawG[m ig&JUukd,yf JaygY}-vdkY vkyw f m
[m ]'d|}d -yJ/
wjcm; r[kww f mawGukd t[kwv
f kdYow
d mawG[m t&d,a0g
[m& 'd|&d JUteuf r[kwwf mawGyJ/
154/ rme t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]rme}-udk bk&m;a'oemawGrmS ½Sw d ,f/ rme-

udkvnf; teufrjyefMubl;/ ]rme}-vdkYyJ ArmrIjyKMuw,f/
onfvkd t&d,a0g[m&awGukd jrefrmrjyefMubJ ArmrIyJ jyKNyD; okH;Mu
wm[m jrefrmjyefp&mteuf r½Sv
d ykYd /J ArmrSm t&d,muvnf; ½Scd zYJ ;l wm
r[kwaf wmY tJonft&d,mqDrmS ty,fc&H NyD;wJrY mewdkY 'd|w
d k?Yd avmb-
a'go-arm[wdkY qdkwmuvnf; ½Sw d mrSr[kwwf m r[kwv f m;/

teufr½Sad wmY teuftodvnf; rodawmYwmaygY/ atmufpD

*siq f kdwJY a0g[m& Armajy a&mufvmw,f/ ArmawGrSm atmufpD
*siu f kd awGYzl;wmr½Sb
d l;/ onfawmY tJ'g&JUa0g[m&vnf; ArmrSm
r½Sbd l;/ onfawmY Armpum;eJY atmufpD*siu f kd ac:p&mpum;r½Sd
jzpfwmaygY/ onfawmY atmufpD*sifudk ]atmufpD*sif}-vdkYyJ ArmrI
jyKNyD; arG;,l&awmYwmyJ/
t&d,a0g[m& ]rme}-vnf; onfvkdyJ/ Armjyefp&m teuf

u ArmrSm r½Scd JYbl;wmqdkawmY Armu teuftod rodawmYwmyJ/
'gaMumifY rmeudk ]rme}-vdykY J ok;H &awmYw,f/ 'gayrJY ygVd #DumawGrmS
awmY ]igtjrwfqkH;-qdkNyD; rSeu f if;vdk axmifvmT ;wmrsKd ;}-[m rme-
teufyJvkdYajymwm ½Sdw,f/ 'gt&d,a0g[m& rme-teuf r[kwf
ygbl;/
udk,fu wu,ftjrwfqkH;jzpfaevdkY tjrwfqkH;jzpfaew,f

rSwwf mrsKd ;qdkvsif raumif;bl;-b,fvkdajym&ygYrvJ/ bk&m;qdkvsif
]aoa|m t[ ro®d avmuó}-qdkwmrsKd ; ajymcJYwmyJ/ r[kwb f JeJY
ajymwmqdkvsiaf wmY vGJwmaygY/ vGJwmajymwm ]rme}-ajymrvm;¿
aiGaMu;ode;f wpfaxmif½Svd kdY ]½Sw

d ,f}-odNyD; ½So
d lvkdaexdkif
wm[m ]rme}-vm;¿ r½Sb d J ½Sw
d ,fxifNyD; ½So
d v
l kad ewm ]rme}vm;¿
tJ'gawG[m t&d,a0g[m& ]rme}-r[kwMf ubl;/

t&d,a0g[m& ]rme}-&JU tm½kH[m [dk[kd onfonf

tm½kHawG r[kwb f l;/udk,jf yKvkyxf m;wJY udk,-f EIw-f
ESvkH;vGeu
f sL;rI? uHeJYuHusKd ;tm½kHawGyJ/ tJonfuHawG
udk ]ig-yJ}-vdkYoad ewm[m ]rme}-yJ/
]igvkyx f m;wJt Y jzpf-vdkY ]ig-yJ}-odwm rrSeb f ;l vm;¿ ar;zdkY

½Syd gw,f/ igvkyx f m;wJYuHjzpfvkdY ]ig-yJ}-qdkvsif rSerf Smyg/ 'gayrJY
tJonfuHu igvkyx f m;wJYuH r[kwb f l;/ udavomaMumifYjzpfwJY
uH-yJ/ 'gaMumifY ]ig-yJ}odwm rrSeb f l;/ ]udk,v
f kyw
f JYuH r[kwwf m
udk udk,v
f kyw
f JYuHyJvkdY vkywf m}-jzpfvkdY ]rme}-vdkY t&d,a0g[m&rSm
ajym&wm jzpfw,f/
155/ 0dpdudpäm t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]0dpu
d pd äm}-udk bk&m;a'oemrsm;rSm a[mcJY
w,f/ tJ'gudkvnf; jrefrmrjyefMubl;/ ]0dpu
d pd äm}-vdkYyJ
Arm rI jyKMuw,f/
],kHrSm;awG;awmjcif;}-vdkYawmY t"dyÜg,f zGiYfMuwmawG ½Sd

w,f/ tJonf0pd ud pd äm&JUteufu ]bmudk,kHrSm;awG;awmwm&JU em
rnf}-vJ¿
0dpu d pd ämqdkwYJ t&d,a0g[m&&JU tm½k[
H m ]uHeYJ uH
usKd ;} wdkYygyJ/ uHukdvnf;rodbJ uHtusKd ; udkvnf;

rodbJ? [dkrarG;rDu uHawGu onfbufukd jzpfap

onfbufuHawGuvnf; aemifaoNyD;aemufrSm tjzpf
awGjzpfaprSmawGvm;¿ onfvkd rodrjrifjcif;eJY awG;
wJYtawG;awG[m ]0dpud pd äm}-yg/
wjcm;,kHrSm;rIawG jzpfwJY vlvm;¿ wd&pämefvm;¿ opfyif
vm;¿ taovm;¿ t½Siv f m;¿? awG;awmwmawG[m 0dpu d pd äm
t&d,a0g[m& r[kwfMubl;/
156/ O'¨pö t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]O'¨pö}-udk bk&m;u a'oemawGrSm a[m

w,f/ 'gvnf; jrefrmrjyefMubJ ArmrItjzpf ]O'¨pö}-vdkYyJ
ac:Muw,f/
'gayrJY ]ysUH viG jYf cif;}-vdkaY wmY jyefxm;wmawG ½Sw
d ,f/ 'gawG
vnf; jynfYjynfY00 rokH;MubJ O'¨pö-vdkYyJ okH;Muw,f/
O'¨pö=ysYHUvGiYfw,f-qdkwm b,fvkd[mvJ/ pdwu f kd [dka&muf
onfa&muful;wmvm;/ onfvkdyJ xifcsiMf uw,f/ pdw[ f m onf
vdkyJ ul;&wJY[m jzpfw,f/ onfawmY ysHU&rSmaygY/ ysHUwmrSm;ovm;-
ar;zdkYyJ/
t&d,a0g[m& ]O'¨p-ö pdwyf sUH w,f}-qdkwm onfvdk

ajymwm r[kwb f ;l / uHeYJ uH&UJ tusKd ; todawG[m
trSeaf wGy-J rodwtYJ wGuf vlukd ykt H rsKd ;rsKd ;jzpfapwm

awG[m a&S;uHawGvm;¿ "mwfawG-ewfawGvm;¿

tpp onfvkd trSetf uefeJYvGJacsmw
f JY pdwyf sHUwm[m
O'¨p-ö yJ/
onfvkdr[kwb
f J tjzpfawGeJYpyfNyD; qdkiw
f JYtpdwt
f ydki;f uav;
&&mu tJonfbuf pdwu f l;oGm;wmrsKd ;[m ysHUwm r[kwb f l;/
157/ ukuúKpö t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&]ukuúKpö}-udk bk&m;u a'oemrsm;pGmrSm a[m

cJJYw,f/ ukuúKpöukd ]ukuúKpö}-vdkYyJ ArmrIjyKMuw,f/ jrefrm
rjyefMubl;/ jyK-rjyK 'kp½dku-f okp½dkuaf wGeJYpyfNyD; pdk;&dryf lyefwm[m
ukuúKpö-yJvkdY t"dyÜg,fzGiYfwmawGawmY ½Sw d ,f/
rvGwaf jrmufrw
I &m;rsm;udkyJ usicYf NYJ yD;? vGwaf jrmufrI
w&m; rusiYrf wd mtwGuf pdwyf su½f SuEf kd;wJYtjzpf[m
ukuúKpöyJ/
158/ £óm t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]£óm}-udk bk&m;u a'oemawGrSm a[m

w,f/ 'gvnf; ArmrjyefMubl;/ 'gayrJY 0efwkdwJYtjzpfqkd
wmawmY odMuw,f/
]olrsm;awG&UJ aumif;wJu
Y w
H YJ t&d,jzpfwmudk rvdk
vm;aewm[m £óm-y}J/

159/ rpä&d, t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]rpä&, d }-vdkY bk&m;a[m a'oemawGrSm ½Sd

w,f/ 'g&JU teufvnf; rzGiYMf ubl;/ 'gayrJY remvdkwm[m
]rpä&,
d }-yJ/ 'g&JUteufawmY odyrf ay:bl;/
rdr&d UJ t&d,tjzpfukd rdryd J jzpfcsiw
f ,f? olrsm;awG
t&d,m rjzpfapcsib f ;l -qdkwmrsKd ;[m rpä&,
d -yJ/
'grsKd ;[m t&d,mrSm y,fNyD;aeNyDyJ/ t&d,rjzpfbJ t&d,m
jzpfw,f-xifaeolawGu 'grsdK;awG jzpfwmyJ/
160/ xde t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]xde}-vdkY bk&m;a'oemawGrSm vmw,f/'g

udkvnf; jrefrmvdk rjyefMubl;/ pdwrf cefYwm-vdkYawmYteuf
zGifYw,f/
t&d,w&m;eJpY yfNyD; pdwo
f iG ;f vdkY r&bJ jzpfwJYtjzpf?
t&d,w&m;udk pdwrf ul;Edkiw f t YJ jzpf[mxde-w&m;yJ/
161/ rd'¨ t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]rd'¨}-vdkY bk&m;a[m a'oemawGrSm vm

w,f/ 'gvnf; jrefrrjyefMubl;/ apwoduaf wG rcefYwm-
vdkYawmY zGiYw
f m½Sw
d ,f/
t&d,w&m; pdwu f l;wJYtcg pdwaf wGvnf;av;vHNyD;?
pdwu
f ;l awGvw
G u
f sNyD; b0ifuswt YJ jzpf a&mufapwm

[m ]rd'¨}-yJ/
162/ t[d&du t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]t[d&u d }-vdkY bk&m;a[m a'oemawGrSm½Sd

w,f/ r½Sujf cif;-vdkY jrefrmjyefMuw,f/ b,frSm r½Suw
f m
vJ¿ bmudkr½Suw
f mvJ¿ ar;&r,f/
umr½lyt½ly tukokdv-f ukokdvu f HawG yGm;rsm;tm;
xkwzf kdY r½Suw
f m&JU emrnf[m ]t[d&ud }-&JUtrnf
yJ/
163/ taemwåyÜ t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]taemwåyÜ}-vdkY bk&m;a[ma'oemawGrSm ½Sd

w,f/ raMumufvefYwwfwm-vdkY jrefrmjyefMuw,f/ bmudkvJ¿
b,fvkdvJ¿ raMumufvefYwm-vdkY ar;&r,f/
avmuDuaH wGjzpfwYJ ocFg&awGukjd yK&rSm raMumuf
vefw
Y m[m taemwåy-Ü yJ/
164/ o'¨g t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]o'¨g}-udk bk&m;u a'oemrsm;rSm a[mw,f/

'gvnf; odyBf uD; jrefrmjyefwmrvkyMf ubl;/],kHMunfjcif;}-
qdkNyD; t"dyÜg,fawG zGiYfMuw,f/ 'gu o'´geufyJ/

t&d,a0g[m& ]o'¨g}-[m bmudk,kMH unfwmvJ¿ b,fvkd

,kHMunfwmvJ¿ ]vGeu f sL;rI}-[m ]vGeu
f sL;csi}f -vdkY jzpfw,f/]vGef
usL;csifwm[m vGefusL;oljzpfvdkY}- jzpfw,f/ ]vGefusL;ol}-[m
vGeuf sL;rIjzpfvkdY-jzpfw,f/
onfvkd ]uH-0dyguf-udavomwdkY pufjzpfykHukd ,kH
Munfwm[m o'¨g}-yJ/
165/ owd t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]owd}-vdkY bk&m;a[m a'oemrsm;pGmrSm ½Sd

w,f/ tJonf owd-vnf; jrefrmrjyefMubl;/ ]owd}-
udk ]owd}-vdkYyJ ArmrIjyKMuw,f/ 'gaMumifY t&d,a0g[m& owd-
eJY ruGJjym;bl;/
bke;f BuD;wpfyg;u ]owd}-udkyGm;aeaMumif; ajymwJY 'um

wpfOD;udk bkawmNyD; ar;w,f/ ]rEÅav;eJYonfNrdKUMum;rSm blwmawG
trsm;BuD;udk udk,w f kdif jzwfausmb
f l;wmyJ/ tJ'g blwmb,favmuf
½So
d vJ}vdykY /J ]'grS rodvsif owdxm;w,fr<um;eJ}Y -qdkwYJ taygufrsKd ;
yJ/
t&d,a0g[m& ]owd]-[m b,fteuf ½So d vJ/
]ocFg&wdkYü ]0,(tysu)f }-oabm atmufarYr[
I m
owd}-yJ/

166/ [d&d t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ][d&}d -udk bk&m;u a'oemrsm;pGmrSm a[m

w,f/ [d&-d udk Armjyefw,fr½Sb d l;/ ArmrIjyKNyD; [d&-d vdkYyJ
okH;Muw,f/ ½Sujf cif;-vdkYawmY o'´geuf em;vnfMuw,f/
t&d,a0g[m& [d&-d &JUteufu raumif;jyKwm vlrd

oGm;rSm ½Sujf cif;rsKd ; r[kwb
f l;/ ]umr½lyt½lyuHrsm;
jyK&rSm½Sujf cif;-[m [d&}d -yJ/
167/ MowåyÜ t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]Mowåy}Ü -udk a'oemrsm;rSm bk&m;a[mw,f/

'gvnf; jrefrmrIyjJ yKNyD; Mowåy-Ü vdkyY J ac:Muw,f/ raumif;rI
udkaMumufjcif;-vdkY zGiYfwmawmY ½Swd ,f/
t&d,a0g[m& MowåyÜ-teufrmS raumif;rIu
tukokv d wf if r[kwb
f ;l / 'kux
© ku
d w
f JY uH-0dyguf
tm;vkH;yJ/ onfawmY- tJonf ]uHoHo&mvnf&rSm
aMumufwmrSyJ ]MowåyÜ}-teuf jzpfw,f/
168/ tavmb t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]tavmb]-udk a'oemawGrSm bk&m;a[m

w,f/ tavmb-vnf; jrefrmrIyJjyKNyD; tavmb-vdkYyJac:
Muw,f/

pdwåZtjrifeJY jrif&çMum;&-tpp tm½kHawGudk vdkcsifwm

]avmb}-qdkawmY ]tavmb}-u pdwåZtm½kHawGukd pdwåZtm½kHawG
rSe;f odNyD; ]vdkcsirf IrjzpfawmYwm&JU emrnf}-jzpfw,f/
vdkcsiw
f ,fqkdwm vkH;0rjzpfwm-vdkY tavmbudk teuf
ay; rrSm;bdkYvkdr,f/ wu,ftokH;vdkwmudkawmif vdkcsi&f aumif;
rSef; rodawmYvsif opfikwfvdkvl jzpfoGm;r,f/
onfawmY- t&d,a0g[m& ]tavmb-&JU teuf[m
pdwåZvdkcsipf &mawGukd rvdkcsiw
f m&JUemrnf} jzpfw,f/
169/ ta'go t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&rSm ]ta'go}-vdkY ½Sw

rSm bk&m;a[mw,f/ 'gudk wdwu
d ,f/ 'gudk a'oemawG
d susawmY jrefrmrjyefMu
bl;/ arwåm-qdkNyD; ajymMuwmawmYvkyw
f ,f/ ta'go-teufrod
vdkY arwåm-zGiYfwm/ arwåm-teufu ydkrodwmyJ/
arwåm-[m a'go&JUqefYusifbufqdkNyD; ta'go-udk ]ar

wåm}-vdkY zGiYfaeMuwmaerSmyJ/ rodbJ trSwef JYyJzGiYfawmY ta'go-
teufvnf; ray:awmYwmyJ/
a'go-[m zsuq f D;csiwf m-vdkY &rSmaygY/ zsuq
f D;csiw
f mu
bmjzpfvdkYvJ¿ bmjrifvdkYvJ¿ pdwåZjzpfvdkY zsufqD;csifw,f/ pdwåZ
tjrifrsKd ; rjzpfawmYvsif rzsuq f D;csiaf wmYwmaygY/

pdwåZtjriftm½kHrSm olYtwGuf taESmifYt,Sujf zpfw,f-

vdkY olu jyefjrifjyefawmY zsufqD;csifpdwf jzpfwmyJ/
]pdwåZtjriftm½kH r½Sad wmY tJonf tm½kHuvnf; olY
twGuf taESmift Y ,Su-f vdkY rjrifawmYwmaMumifY
a'gorjzpfawmYyJ jzpfwm[m ]ta'go}-yJ/
'gudkyJ ]arwåm}-ajymwmaygY/
]arwåm}-qdkwm jrif&wJYtm½kH[m pdwåZjzpfay:aewJY
tm½kH jzpfOD;awmY? tJonfpw d åZtjzpf[m ]tm½Hk½Si}f -
r[kwb f ;l -vdkY pdwåZtjrifukd ausmv
f eG Nf yD; jrifol&JU
pdwx
f m;yJ/ tJ'g ]arwåm}-aygY/
170/ tarm[ t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]tarm[}-udk bk&m;a'oemawGrmS vmw,f/

'gudk ]ynm}-vdkaY wmY teufjyefMuw,f/ arm[-&JU qefu Y sif
bufaygY/ arm[-qdkwm ]rodjcif;}-qdkawmY tarm[-u ]odjcif;}-
jzpfvmNyD; odwm ]ynm}-qdkawmY ]ynm}-vdkY ajym&wmaygY/
]arm[}-qdkwmu uHe0YJ yd gufwk&Yd UJ tjypftemtqmawG rod
wm-qdkawmY tjypftemtqmrJY taumif;rGeaf wGvkdY odaewm arm[
jzpfwmaygY/
]tarm[}-uawmY tJonf uHeJY0yd gufawG[m t
aumif;trGeaf wG r[kw½f kH rubl;? tjypftemtqm
awGawmif jzpfw,fqkdwm odwm&JUtrnf}-yJ/

]ynm}-qdkwmvnf; onfvkdow
d wfwmudk-qdkwmjzpf
awmY ]tarm[}-[m ]ynm}-yJaygY/
uH0yd gufawGu onfvkt d odcH&zdkY rvG,b f l;/ uH0yd gufawG

[m cHpm;rI taumif;awG ½Sad ew,f/ tJonftod[m ay:vGiaf e
wmqdkawmY tJ'gyJ odMuwmyJ/ tJonftodukd xdk;xGi;f azmufxGuf
NyD; od&wJYtodjzpfvkdY ]ynmtod}-[m rvG,b f l;/ ]tarm[}-
vnf;onfvkyd /J a0'emvdkow d mudk ajymif;jyefveS Nf yD; od&vdkY odzkrYd vG,f
wmyJ/
171/ u½kPm t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]u½kPm}-udk bk&m;u a'oemawGrSma[m

w,f/ u½kPmudk jrefrmrjyefMuawmYbJ ArmrIyJ jyKxm;Mu
w,f/ ]oem;Muifemjcif;}-qdkwmawGeJY t"dyÜg,fowfrSwNf yD; okH;Mu
wmawGawmY ½Sw
d ,f/
t&d,a0g[m& ]u½kPm}-&JU teuf[m- ]uH½ky-f
uHemrfawG&UJ tvTr;f rdk; cHaeMu&olawG[m csr;f om-
qif;&J wpfrsKd ;rsKd ; cHpHaeMu&rSmyJ/tJonfoal wGOwk?
tm[m& ya,m*ESyd pf ufc&H wm awGUvsif oem;zG,f
awG jzpfvsif Muifemoem;rSm}-yJ/ tJonf tae[m
t&d,a0g[m& ]u½kPm}-&JU teufyJ/

172/ rk'w d m t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&]rk'w d m}-udk a'oemawGrSm bk&m;a[mw,f/

]0rf;omrI}-vdkY ajymMuayrJY rk'dwmudkawmY jrefrmrjyefbJ
jrefrmrItjzpf ]rk'w
d m}-vdkYJ okH;Muw,f/
t&d,a0g[m& ]rk'w d m}-&JUteuf[m &½Sad ewJY pnf;pdraf wG

rysufapcsifwm r[kwfbl;/
]uHe0YJ yd gufawG&UJ tjc,fv, S cf aH e &wmxJu Owk?
tm[m& ya,m*&JU ESyd pf ufru I vGww f m awGUvsif
0rf;omzG,t f jzpf 0rf;omMunfE;l rSm}-yJ/ 'gudk 0rf;
omMunfE;l wJt Y ae[m ]rk'w d m}-jzpfw,f/
173/ Oayu©m t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]Oayu©m}-jA[®0[
rSm a[mwm½Sw
d m&udk bk&m;a'oemawG
d ,f/ tJ'gvnf; jrefrmrjyefMubl;/ okH;vnf;
odyBf uD;rokH;Mubl;/
]jA[®0d[m&Oayu©m}-[m a0'emOayu©meJY rwlbl;/ csrf;
om-qif;&Jr[kww f YJ cHpm;csu[
f m ]a0'emOayu©m}-yJ/ ]jA[®0[ d m&
Oayu©m}u cHpm;csut f vwf&JUemrnf r[kwb f l;/
]onfuad vomaygufvkdY onfuH0yd gufawGjzpfwmyJ/

onfuH0yd gufawG jzpfvkdYvnf; onfuad vomayguf

wmyJ}-odol[m ]ewfa'0gjzpfjzpf? bDvl;o&Jjzpfjzpf

olYtvkyef JYol jzpfaewm}-vdkY odawmY usief mvnf;
rjzpfb;l / 0rf;omvnf; rjzpfb;l / ]olt
Y jzpfeo
YJ l jzpf
aewJY ]wMwrZÑwåwm}-jzpfwmyJ/ 'g Oayu©mjA[®
0d[m&-yJ/
174/ yx0Dtm'd t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]yx0D-ponf}-udk ]yx0D"mwk acg &m[kv}

tp½Sw
d JY a'oemawGrSm bk&m;a[mw,f/ tJonf ]yx0D}
pwmawGukd ]yx0D--pwmawG}-vdkyY J ArmrIjyKNyD; ac:Muw,f/ yx0D
&JU o'´geufu ]ajr}-jzpfw,f/ bmom&yftac:rSmawmY ]ajrBuD;}-
ac:wm r[kwb f l;/ ]cufrmwJYvu©Pm½Sw
d JYobm0}-udk ac:wmyJ/
t&d,a0g[m&rSmawmY tJonf obm0wdki;f awmif r[kwb f l;/
Owk-tm[m&awGaMumifjY zpfwYJ cufrm obm0[m

t&d,a0g[m& ]yx0D}-r[kwb f ;l / Oyg'gefaMumifY
jzpfwJY cufrmobm0}-awGom ]yx0D}-jzpfw,f/
tmayg? awaZm? 0ga,mawGvnf; onfvdkyJ/ Ä
Ä jznfYod&ef- Oyg'gefaMumifYjzpfwJY ],dkzGJU? ylat;? vIyfaxmuf}obm0

rsm;onfom t&d,a0g[m& tmayg? awaZm? 0ga,m
awG jzpfw,f/

175/ pu©K"mwsm'd t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]pu©K"mwk-pwm}-awGukd qquúa'oemrSm

bk&m;a[mw,f/ ]pu©K"mwf}-qdkwm ]rsupf t
d Munf}-vdkY
odaeMuw,f/ aomw-tp½SdwJY "mwfawGvnf; em;tMunf-
pwmawGvkdY odMuwmyJ/
]tMunf]-qdkwm bmvJ¿ tqif;eJY"mwfjyKwwfwJY obm

0 jzpfr,f/ onfvkdyJ toHç-pwmawGeJY "mwfjyKwwfwJY obm0awG
udkawmY em;tMunfç--tpptrnfawGaygY/
rsufpdtMunfobm0udk ]pu©K"mwf}-vdkY qdk&w,f/ onf

"mwfuawmY vlrSm tpuwnf;u jzpfwnfaeNyD;om;yJ/
]Oyg'gefawGjzpfwt
YJ cgrS Oyg'gefaMumifjY zpfwJY rsupf d
tMunfobm0 rsupf "d mwf jzpfwm}-yJ/
t&d,a0g[m& ]pu©K"mwk}-&JU teuf[m tJonf ]pu©K
"mwf}-yJ &r,f/ aomw-tppawGvnf; onfvkdyJ/ Oyg'gefaMumifY
jzpfwmr[kwwf JY pu©K? aomw-tpp tMunfobm0awG[m t&d,
a0g[m& ]pu©K-pwJY"mwfawG}-r[kwb f l;/ Ä
Ä jznfYod&ef 'gaMumifY t&d,a0g[m& aomw"mwk? Cme"mwk?

Zd0Sm"mwk? um,"mwk-awG[m Oyg'gefaMumifYjzpfwJY em;tMunf? ESm
acgif;tMunf? vQmtMunf? udk,ftMunfobm0jzpfwJY em;"mwf? ESm
acgif;"mwf? vQm"mwf? udk,f"mwfawG jzpfr,f/»

176/ ½ly"mwsm'd t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]½ly"mwk-tppawG}-udk a'oemawGrmS bk&m;

a[mw,f/ tqif;rSeforQ tppawGudk ]½ly-tpp}-vdkY
teufazmfMuw,f/
vu©PmtwifcH w&m;jzpfwJY ]½ly-pwmawG}-[m onf
teufawG r[kwMf ubl;/
]Oyg'gefrsupf ½d o
Sd lrSm jrif&wJY tqif;½lyrsKd ;jzpfw,f/
]yd,myd,½lyeJY omwmomw½ly}-awG[m t&d,a0g
[m& ]½ly"mwk-pwmawG}-jzpfw,f/ Ä
Ä jznfYod&ef- «'gaMumifY t&d,a0g[m& o'´"mwk? *E¨"mwk? &o

"mwk? azm|AÁ"mwk qdkwmawG[m yd,myd,eJY omwm omw- o'´?
*E¨? &o? azm|AÁawGudk qdkvdkwmyJ/»
177/ pu©K0dnmPm'd t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]pu©K0dnmP"mwk-tppawG}-udk a'oemawG

rSm bk&m;a[mw,f/ ]jrifpw
d o
f bm0rSeo
f rQ-tp½Sw
d mawG}-
udk ]pu©K0dnmP"mwf-tpp}-vdkY ajymMuw,f/
onfa'oemrSmvmwJY ]pu©K0dnmP"mwf- tpp}

awG[m vu©Pmok;H jzm twifc&H rnfY [mawGyJ/

onfawmY onft&d,a0g[m& ]pu©K0dnmP"mwf}-

tpp&JU t&[m jrifpw d rf eS o
f rQ-tppudk ]pu©K0dnm
P"mwf-tpp}awG aumufvkYd r&&bl;/ ]Oyg'gef
aMumifjY zpfwYJ pu©K0dnmP"mwf-tppawG}-yJaumuf
vdk&Y r,f/ y#dpoö rkygÜ 'fvm ]pu©K0dnmÚf-tpp} awG
aygY/
uav;oli,fawGeJY t&[EÅ&JU Oyg'gefawmif rjzpfwwfao;

oleJYNidr;f NyD;olawG&JU jrifpw
d =f pu©K0dnmP"mwf-tppawG[m onf
a'oemu t&d,a0g[m& pu©K0dnmP=jrifpw d "f mwf-tppawG r
[kwb f l; ajym&r,f/ Ä
ÄjznfYod&ef- 'gaMumifYt&d,a0g[m&jzpfwJY aomw0dnmP"mwk? Cme

0dnmP"mwk?Zd0Sm0dnmP"mwk?um,0dnmP"mwk?raem0dnmP"mwk-
awG[m Oyg'gefaMumifjY zpfwYJ y#dpo
ö rkygÜ 'fvm aomw0dnmÚf? Cme
0dnmÚf? Zd0Sm0dnmÚf? um,0dnmÚf? raem0dnmÚfawGyJ-jzpfw,f/


tcef;(12)
r*Fva'oem t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
178/ Amv t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]Amv}-udk r*Fva'oemrSm bk&m;a[m

w,f/ Amv-udk ]vlrkdu}f -vdkY jrefrmvdk teufazmfMuw,f/
t"dyÜg,fteuftjzpf cdk;çqdk;çvdraf umufvlrsKd ;udk Amv-vdkY azmfMu
w,f/
onfa'oem[m t&d,mjzpfol bk&m;ua[mwJY a'oem
jzpfw,f/ t&d,mjzpfolu Amv-udk azmfcJYNyD;teuftwdki;f yJ xif
rSmvm;¿ onftar; ajz&r,f/ t&d,m[m t&d,tjzpf ra&muf
ao;wJY ]'ku©ukd 'ku©rSe;f rodbJ? okcvdkYrsm;awmif jrifwwfao;ol}-
udk ]vlrkdu}f -vdkY ajymvdkavmufw,f/
'gaMumifY ]Amv}-&JU t&d,a0g [m&w¬[m ]ykxkZÚf
jzpfw,f}-vdkY teufazmf&r,f/
179/ y@dw t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]y@dw}-udk r*Fva'oemrSm bk&m;a[m

w,f/ y@dw-udk ]ynm½S]d -vdkY jrefrmjyefMuw,f/ t"dygÜ ,f
teuftjzpfeJY pmaytod? tusifYtBuHtod-tpp½Sdoludk azmfMu
w,f/
onfa'oem[m t&d,m&JUa'oem jzpfw,f/

t&d,a0g[m& jzpfw,f/ onfawmY-

'g&JUteuf[m-]t&d,mtjzpf}-udk ]y@dw}-vdkY t
eufazmf&r,f/ t&d,tod r½So d l[m bmawGukd
b,fvkdyJood d y@dwr[kwb
f l;yJ/
180/ ylZae,s t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]ylZae,s}-udk r*Fva'oemrSm bk&m;a[m

w,f/ ]ylaZmfxdkufol}-vdkY jrefrmjyefMuw,f/ t"dyÜg,ft
euftjzpf usef;rma&;? pD;yGm;a&;? tkyfcsKyfa&;?-tppta&;awG
ay;aeol[m ylaZmfxdkufol-vdkY teufazmfMuw,f/
onfteufazmfcsu[ f m orkwt d jrifeJY azmfcsuyf J/ onfa0g
[m&u t&d,mjzpfolbk&m;u a[mwJY a0g[m&yJ/
onfawmY onfa0g[m&-]ylZae,s}-&JUteuf[m
t&d,opöm todykdi;f qdki&f m]t&d,opöm qnf;yl;-
usifYokH;-jzeYfa0ol}-yJ jzpfw,f/
181/ y#d½lya'om0go t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]y#d½lya'om0go}-vdkY bk&m;a[m r*Fva'

oemrSm vmw,f/ 'gvnf; y#d½lya'om0go-jzpfatmif
b,fa'orSm ae&r,f-qdkwm orkwed ,fuyJ zGiYfMuw,f/
onfa'oem[m a[molu t&d,opöma'oema[molqkd
awmY t&d,tjrifeJYyJ y#d½ly-udk a[m&rSmyJ/

onfawmY- ]t&d,opömxGe;f um;wJY a'o}-rSm ae

ol}-[m ]y#d½ly a'om0go}- jzpfw,fvkdY teuf
azmf&r,f/
182/ ykaAÁpuwyknwm t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]ykaAÁp uwyknwm}-udk r*Fvma'oemrSm

bk&m;a[mw,f/ ]rarG;rD a½S;b0u aumif;rI½Scd JYzl;ol}-
vdkY teufazmfMuw,f/ onfteuf[m ]oówrdpäm'd|d} teuf
jzpfaew,f/ a[majymolbk&m;u tJonft,lrsKd ;,lol r[kww f m
qdkawmY? onfteuf r[kwb f l;- ajym&r,f/
t&d,a0g[m&jzpfw-YJ ]ykaAÁp uwyknwm}-[m

]t&d,mtjzpf a&mufapEdkiaf Mumif;aumif;rIeYJ jynfpY kH
oltjzpf}-yJ jzpfw,f/
tJonfaumif;rIawGu t&d,mudk aygif;rdjcif;? w&m;udk
emMum;jcif;? emMum;csuu
f kd qifjcifjcif;? tpp aumif;rIawGaygY/
onfvkd t&d,mjzpfoleJY aygif;rdzkdYqkdwmuvnf; tJonft&d
,mqdkolukd qGr;f pwmwpfckckeJY aus;Zl;jyK ulnDzl;wmvnf; ygEdkif
w,f/ 'gawG[m ]aumif;rIvufÚD;ol}-tjzpfyJ/ ]ykaAÁp uwykn
wm}-&JU teufyJ/

183/ twåor®myPD"d t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]twåor®myPD"}d -udk r*Fva'oemrSm bk&m;

a[mw,f/ rdrdudk,fudk aumif;pGmaqmufwnfjcif;-vdkY
o'´geufyJ azmfMuw,f/ b,fvkd aumif;pGmaqmufwnfw,f-rajym
Mubl;/ vlYjynfçewf&yfuyfapaMumif; aewmavmuf-vdkY t"dyÜg,f
em;vnfMuykHyJ/
wu,fawmY bk&m;t&d,mrsm; a[mMuwJY ]or®myPD"}d -

[m ]vGwaf jrmufrIeAd Ámef awmifYwvdkvm;rIxm;wm}-&JU emrnfyJ/
]twå or®myPD"}d -&JU t&d,a0g[m& teuf[m
]udk,u Yf k,
d -f vGwaf jrmuf&m edAmÁ ef a&mufzkyYd J &nf
½G,rf eS ;f xm; yef;wdkixf m;NyD; vkyuf kid af qmif½u
G w
f m}-
awG&JU emrnfyJ/
184/ Am[kopö okodu©dw t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]Am[kopö okou

bk&m;a[mw,f/ A[kokw½So
d ©w}-udk r*Fva'oemrSm
d ltjzpf-vdkY omrefyJbmom
jyefMuw,f/ A[kokwjzpfzkdYaumif;atmif oif,lavYusiYf&r,f-vdkY
qdkvkdrSmyJ/
tJonfrmS ]A[kokw}-qdkwm bmvJ¿ tar;xGuv f rd rYf ,f/
ordki;f awG? ocsmF awG? odyaHÜ wG todtjrifrsm;w,f-vdkY ajym rvm;yJ/
onfvdkvnf; a½S;u ajymcJYMuwmawG ½Sdw,f/

pum;vkH;wpfckukd teufaumufwJYtcg ajymol&JUtjzpfukd

riJYbJ aumufvkdYawmY rSm;rSmu &mcdkiEf Ie;f rsm;w,f/ ajymolu bk&m;
qdkawmY bk&m;uajymwm t&d,mpum;yJ/ t&d,mvdk A[kokw-
qdkwm ordki;f awG? odyÜHawG b,f[kwyf gYrvJ/
]t&d,mwdkYtqkH;tr okwawGrsm;wm[m ]A[kokw}-
yJaygY/ tJ'gawGrsm;atmif aumif;pGmoif,l usiBYf uH
wmrS ]Am[kopöokou d w
©d }-&JUteuf jzpfr,f/
185/ odyÜ okodu©dw t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]odyÜ okou

d w
©d }-udk r*Fva'oemrSm bk&m;
a[mw,f/ vufrIynmtwwfwkdYukd wwfjcif;-vdkYyJ jrefrm
jyefMuw,f/
onfa'oem[m t&d,a'oemjzpfawmY ]odyÜ}-&JUteufukd

twwfynm-vdkY omrefy, J v l kYd rawmfb;l / ]t&d,meJaY vsmw
f 0YJ ef aqmif
Edkiw
f JYtwwf}-vdkY ajym&r,f/ Oyrm- pum;ajym? pum;em;axmif
twwf? pma&;pmzwftwwfeJY tjcm; t&d,mwdkY ouf0if½Sio f efrIukd
aqmif½GuEf kdiw
f JY rrSm;,Gi;f wJY0efaqmiftwwf-awGaygY/
t&d,a0g[m& ]odyÜ okou d w©d }-&JU teuf[m t&d
,m[m vlawGet YJ wl ae&wmqdkawm-Y]rrSm;wJY vl0Y ef
aqmiftwwfawGukd aumif;pGm oifMum;-avYusiYf
xm;jcif;}-vdkY teufjyef&rSmyJ/

186/ 0de, okodu©dw t&d,
t &d,a0g[m& ]0de, okou d w©d }-udk r*Fva'oemrSm bk&m;

a[mw,f/ 0denf;w&m;rsm;udk aumif;pGmoif,ljcif;-vdkY
teufjyefMuw,f/ 'gvnf; o'´geufrQyJ jzpfw,f/ ]0de,}-udk
]0denf;}-vdkYyJ jrefrmrI jyKxm;wmyJ/
]0de,-0denf;}-vdkY jrefrmrIjyKwm[m bke;f BuD;0de,awGrSm
xkH;pHjzpfaeayrJY onf 0de,[m ]bke;f BuD;0de, r[kwb f l;}/ onfvkd
jzpfvsufeJY 0denf;-vdkY bmomjyefvdkufawmY em;tvnfrvG,f jzpf&
w,f/
onfawmY ]0de,}-udk ],Úfaus;rI}-vdkY teufjyefrS oifYrSm

yJ/ ]t&d,0de,}-qdkawmY t&yf"avY,Úfaus;rIvnf; jzpfrSm r[kwf
bl;/ onf,Úfaus;rI[m ]t&d,,Úfaus;rI}-jzpf&vdrYfr,f/
t&d,Úfaus;rI 0de,[m-]t&d,mwdkY tjrif-tMum;
-tawGUrSm ½dki;f ys,kwrf mol rjzpfatmif aumif;
aumif;avYusiYo
f ifMum;jcif;}vdkY ]t&d,0de, okod
u©w
d }-&JU teufukd jyef&r,f/
187/ okbmodwm p ,m0gpm t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]okbmodwm p ,m0gpm}-udk r*Fva'oem

rSm bk&m;a[mw,f/ aumif;pGmajymtyfwJYpum;½So d l-vdkY
jrefrmjyefMuw,f/ ]aumif;pGmajym}-&JU t"dyÜg,fawmY razmfMubl;/

t&d,a0g[m&jzpfwJY ]pum;aumif;}-[m [kwrf SeNf yD;? t

usKd ;½Sw
d JY pum;jzpfumrQeJY NyD;rSmr[kwbf l;/ ][kwrf Se}f -u orkwv d kd
][kwrf Se}f -eJY? ]tusKd ;½S}d -uvnf; orkwv d kd ]tusKd ;½S}d -wm qdkvsif
onfpum;euf[m jynfYpkHrSm r[kwb f l;yJ/
][kwrf Se}f -uvnf; t&d,opömus ][kwrf Se}f -NyD;
]tusKd ;½Sw
d m}-uvnf; vGwaf jrmufwJYtxd vGwf
ajrmufrIukd jrifEkdiw
f JYtxd ]tusKd ;½Sw
d JY pum;rsKd ;}-
rS ]okbmodw 0gpm}-&JUteuf jzpfvrd Yrf ,f/
t&d,mjzpfolua[mwJY a'oemjzpfvkdY onfvkd teufxGuf
wmyJ/
188/ rmwmydwk Oy|me t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]rmwmydwk Oy|me}-udk r*Fva'oemrSm

bk&m;a[mw,f/ rdbwdkYukd vkyaf uR;arG;jrLjcif;-vdkY a½S;u
jrefrmjyefMuw,f/ ]vkyfauR;arG;jrLw,f}-qdkwm b,fvdk[mvJ¿
MunfY&r,f/
w½ky-f ukvm;pepf? taemufwkdi;f pepfawGeJY MunfYvsif w½kyf

-ukvm;pepfu rdb½Sw d mudk om;vTJwJYpepf jzpfawmY onfom;u
rdb tvkyrf vkyEf kdicf sed rf Sm wm0ef,lauR;arG;&w,f/
taemufwkid ;f pepfu rdb[m om;orD;udk t½G,af &mufatmif
jyKpkay;NyD;? t½G,af &mufvsif ol[ Y mol vkyu
f kid pf m;/ rdbu rdbzmom

vkyuf kdipf m;/ vkyEf kid w

f ke;f uvkyNf yD; pkxm;wmuav;eJY rvkyEf kdicf sed rf Sm
pm;ae/ b,fou l b,fou Yl krd S vkyaf uR;aew,f-qdkwm r½Sd jzpfw,f/
taemufvlrIpepfu obm0usw,f/ ta½SUvlrIpepfu rdb

eJYom;orD;[m tcsi;f csi;f iJY&wmawG odyrf sm;vdrYfr,f/ vdkw,f-
ydkw,f wGupf &mawG wGurf Nd yD;? pdwq
f if;&J&wmawGvnf; rsm;p&m
½Sdw,f/
vl[mvnf; owå0gawGxu J wpfckyjJ zpfw,f/ b,fowå0g

rS arG;NyD;aoonftxd odrf;ydkufoGm;ol r½SdMubl;/ arG;&rnfYtcsdef
rSm toufay;NyD; arG;MuayrJY? vTwcf sed rf Sm vTwMf uwmawGcsn;f
jzpfvsuf ta½SUwkdi;f om;awGu rvTwMf ubl;/ 'g[m om;orD;udk
apmifYa½Smufvdkwmvm;¿ udk,fYudk,fudk apmifYa½Smufvkdwmvm;¿
ar;&p&myJ/onfvkdjzpfwm tajctaeaMumifYvm;¿vlYaMumifYvm;¿
ar;&rSmyJ/
ta½SUwkdi;f pepft&rSm om;orD;awG[m rdbrSDNyD; vlYwm0ef

rausolawG ½Sad ew,f/ tJonfolYukd rdbu rSDae&awmY tJonfrb d
vnf; csKd UwJYwJY'Pf cH&w,f/ wcsKd UusawmY om;orD;u rdbudk r
apmifYa½Smuf'Pfvnf; cH&w,f/ ta½SUwkdi;f pepft& tcsKd ;usoGm;ol
awGvnf; trsm;tjym;awmY ½Sw d maygY/

'gawGajymaewmu w½ky-f ukvm;pepf[m obm0rusbl;/

'gayrJY jrefrmjyefxm;wmu tJonfpepft& jzpfaew,f/ 'gaMumifY
onfvdkrjzpfwef&mbl;qdkwm ajymzdkYyJ/
onfawmY ]Oy|me}qdkwm bmvJ¿ vkyaf uR;arG;jrL
wm rjzpfEkdib f J? ]Oy|me}[m ]qnf;uyfcpm;wm}-
jzpf&zdkY ½Sw
d ,f/ ]½dkaopGmuyfa&mufNyD; nTejf ycsuuf kd
em,lwmrsKd ;? om;orD;u tBuHaumif; ay;csiw f mrSm
ay;wmrsKd ;}-[m ]Oy|me}-teuf jzpfoifw Y ,f/
rdbudk vkyaf uR;arG;jrL&r,f-jrefrmjyefcsut f & rdbudk auR;

arG;MuwJYvlawG ½So d vdk? bke;f BuD;&[ef;awGtxd rdbudkauR;arG;Mu
wmawG vkyMf uw,f/ 'gvnf; ]vGerf ,f}-yJ ajym&r,f/ &[ef;&wJY
pm;okH;zG,uf &[ef;yk*K¾d vfukday;wm-qdkwmxuf ]&[ef;&JUvkyt f m;
trIukd vkyEf kdizf kdY ,kHMunfcsuef JY ay;vdkuwf m}-yJ/ &[ef;tvkyv f kyo
f l
r[kwo f lukd pm;okH;apoifYygrvm;¿
NyD;awmYvnf; ½Sad o;w,f/ 'gu &[ef;vkyo f l[m olY[m

vkycf siw f kdi;f vkyw
f m r[kwbf J?rdbu cGiYaf y;rS vkyw f myJ/ ]tm*g&
o®m tem*g&d,H yAÁZ-dÆ tdk;tdr½f o dS tl jzpfpeG NYf yD; tdk;tdrrf &YJ [ef; jyKwm}yJ/
tdrpf eG w
Yf ,f-qdkwm rdb-om;-r,m; pGew Yf myJ/ 'gudk rdbu cGijYf yKNyD;
om;yJ/ olo Y m;tjzpfu xGuo f mG ;wmudk auseyfNyD;om;-vdkY qdkvkw d ,f/
om;tjzpfrS pGefYvTwfNyD;olyJaygY/ onfawmY &[ef;[m jynfol&JU

omoem,kHMunfcsuef JYay;wJY ypön;f eJY rdbvkyaf uR; arG;jrLwm[m

oifYzkdYr½Sb
d l;/
b,fom;orD; rqdk[m rdbtuleYJ vljzpfvmolawG-qdkawmY

rdbOy|me qnf;uyfrIrjyKEdkio f l jzpfMuzdkY raumif;bl;yJ/ rdbtuleJY
vljzpfvm&wmeJY rdbudk vkyaf uR;ae&w,f-qdkwmawmY oifrY mS r[kwf
bl;/
rdbawGuvnf; olwkrYd b d tuleyYJ J vljzpfvmcJ&Y NyDy/J om;orD;
udk udk,Yt
f uleJY vljzpfatmifvkyaf y;zdkYwm0ef ½SNd yD;om;ygyJ/ 'gaMumifY
om;orD;qDu udk,u f lxm;wJYta<u; &udk&oifYw,fqkdNyD; arQmfvifY
vsif ½dki;f ygr,f/ obm0 rusygbl;/
om;orD;eJrY b d [m bmrSrqdkib f ;l -qdkvsiv f nf; obm0 rus

ygbl;/ ½dki;f ysrSmygyJ/ om;orD;[m udk,Yu f kdarG;zGm;ay;vdkuw
f JY rdb
qDu oif,lp&mawG trsm;tjym;yJ ½SEd kdiw f ,f/ aoqkH;&mqD oGm;ae
MuwJY rdbawGu olwkdYvkyv f kdY rNyD;ao;wmawGukd? 'grSr[kwf olwkdY
vkycf siaf yrJY rvkyEf kdiaf o;wmawGukd om;orD;awGukd oifMum;nTejf y
ay;oGm;MurSmyJ/ 'gaMumifY-
]Oy|me=qnf;uyfw,f}-qdkwmyJt"dyÜg,f ½Sdw,f/
om;orD;u t&d,opömodNyD; vGwaf jrmufNyD qdkvsif
vnf;? rdbqnf;uyfNyD; trQtjzpfeYJ t&d,opömw&m;
odNyD; vGwaf jrmufol jzpfap&rSmaygY/

'g[m ]rmwmydwk Oy|me}-&JU t&d,a0g[m& teufzGiYf

yJaygY/
189/ ykwå'g&o o*F[ t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]ykwå'g&o o*F[}-udk r*Fva'oemrSm

bk&m;a[mw,f/ om;r,m;tm; oN*ØK[faxmufyHYjcif;-vdkY
jrefrmjyefw,f/ om;r,m;udk ]o*F[}-vkyw f ,fqkdwm ]axmufyHY
wmvm;¿} axmufyHY-qdkwJYpum;[m ]axmufulyHYykd;jcif;}- teuf
xGurf mS yJ/ 'g[m udk,uYf pd rö [kwb
f J olrsm;udpö aqmif½u
G cf si;f buf
vJwJYpum; jzpfw,f/ om;r,m;udpö[m olrsm;udpövm;¿ onfvkd
r[kww f mod&NyD;?]o*F[}-teuf[m axmufyHYjcif;qdkwm roifYbl;/
]o*F[}-teuf[m ]odr;f ,ljcif;}-vdkY onfae&m

teufjyefrS oifYjrwfr,f/
r,m;-om;wdkYwm0ef[m udk,Ywf m0efjzpfw,f r[kwvf m;/
r,m;om;wdkYuvnf; onfvkdyJ? olwkdY vifa,musmf ;wm0ef[mvnf;
olwkdYwm0efvkdY rSw,
f lMuwmyJ/
tdraf xmifwpfck xlaxmifwmrSm tdraf xmifwm0ef rSeo f rQ

tdr½f Sv
d lukeef JYywfoufw,f rSw, f lMuwmcsn;f yJ/ 'g[m ]wpfOD;u
wpfO;D udk odr;f ,lr-I o*F[}-vkyw f myJaygY/ ArmYpum;yJ? ]taygif;t
oif;o*F[}-qdk ygVdjrefrmwGo J k;H wJpY um; ½Swd myJ/ teuf[m tJ'gyJ/

]rdred JYrrd o
d m;r,m;udk wpfoif;wnf;jzpfatmif aygif;½kH;,lxm;wm}-
[m ]o*F[}-&JUteuf jzpfw,f/
t&d,opömtay: ykwå'g&owdkY odatmif aygif;½kkH;
wm[m ]ykwå'g&o o*F[}-teuf jzpfrmS yJ/
190/ temukvmp ur®EÅ t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]temukvmp ur®EÅ}-udk r*Fva'oemrSm

bk&m;a[mw,f/ taESmifYt,Surf ½Sad omtrI jyKjcif;-vdkY
jrefrmjyefMuw,f/ ]taESmift Y ,Su}f -qdkwm b,fvk[d mvJ¿ [efw Y m;
wm? zsuv f kdzsuq
f D;vkyw
f mudk aESmifY,Suw
f ,f-vdkY ArmawGokH;Mu
wmyJ/ ]temukv}-qdkawmY tJonfvkrd jzpfwm-vdkY &rSmaygY/ ur®EÅ=
trIqdkawmY tJonfvdkrjzpfwJY tvkyftrI-aygY/
teufay;xm;csut f & qdkvsif ]udk,u f taESmifYt,Sujf zpf

atmif rvkyb f k}Yd -qdkwmxuf olrsm;&JUtaESmiftY ,Suf rcH&rnfY tvky-f
vdkY t"dyÜg,fxGufaew,f/ onfvdkqdkvsif bmrS rvkyf&rvdkyJ/
tvkyq f kdvsiaf wmY r[kww f mvkyv f si?f [kwo f lu aESmifY
,Surf SmyJ/ [kww f mvkyv
f nf;? [kww f mvkyw f mudk rcHEkdiof lawGu
aESmifY,Surf SmyJ/ taESmifYt,Suu f tvkyw f kdi;f rSm rvGwb f l;yJ/
'gaMumifY ]temukv p ur®EÅ}-udk taESmifYt,Surf ½Sad om

tvkyu
f kdvkyjf cif;-vdkYqkdwm teufray:bl;/

temukv-qdkwm e+tmukv-yJ/ tmukv=½Iyaf xG;?

ajcmufjcm;? rNidro
f uf? roef½Y iS ;f yJ/]temukv}- qdk
awmY ]½Si;f vif;-wnfwHY-Nidro
f uf-oefYpif}-vdkY &
rSmyJ/
onfawmY ]temukv ur®EÅ}-teuf[m ]½Si;f vif;oefYpif
wJYtrI jyKjcif;}-vdkY ajym&rSmyJ/ tay;t,lt& jzpfjzpf? olykdiu
f kd,yf kdif
t& jzpfjzpf? twdkif;txGmt& jzpfjzpf? tcsdeftcgt& jzpfjzpf?
wefzdk;t& jzpfjzpf? tpp-
]r½Iyaf xG;wJY tvkyuf kd vkyjf cif;}-[m ]temukv
ur®EÅ}-&JU teufaygY/ t&d,opömt& r½Iyaf xG;wJY
tvky[ f m t&d,a0g[m& ]temukv ur®EÅ}-teuf
jzpfr,f/
191/ 'ge t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]'ge}-udk r*Fva'oemrSm bk&m;a[mw,f/

'ge-udk ]tvSLay;jcif;}-vdkv
Y nf; teufziG w
Yf ,f/ tvSLay;
w,fqkdwJY t"dyÜg,fukd vlawGem;vnfMuwmu ½Sijf yKtvSLay;enf;
um;rsKd ;vdk-vdkY jzpfw,f/ 'ge-[m ]pZ}-vu©Pm½Sw d mqdkawmY ]t
vSLcHwpfusyd af v; acG;vnf;ygw,f}-vdkY ajymMuw,f/ tJonftvSL
ay;vm;¿
onf'ger*Fvmudk bk&m;a[mw,f/ b,fvkday;urf;
wJY 'ge vky&f r,f qdkwmvnf; bk&m;a[mw,f/

]oD0Hyaw¬x bdu©a0 yaw¬wmG e 'geH a'x}-vdkYyJ/

]Nidr;f csr;f zdkY tvSLay;Mu}-vdkaY ygY/
]Nidr;f csr;f r IawmifYwNyD; ay;w,f}- qdkwm
0wå&m;½Sv d kdY ay;wm[m 0wå&m;t& ay;wmyJ/
onfay;wm[m pm&dwåoDv jznfY&mvnf; us
w,f/
ay;csiw f kdi;f ay;wm? pdwåZeJYay;wmawG[m t&d,a0g[m&
'geteufjzpfrSm r[kwfbl;/
Ä (tydk'f 103/ 'geodkYvnf; ½Iyg/)
192/ "r®p&d,m t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]"r®p&d,m}-udk r*Fva'oemrSm bk&m;a[m

w,f/ ]w&m;wdkYukd oifMum;ydkYcsjcif;}-vdkY jrefrmjyefw,f/
onfrSm ]w&m;}-&JUteufu bmvJ¿ ar;&r,f/
vlewfjA[®mjzpfaMumif; tyg,f'k*¾wu
d vGwaf Mumif; w&m;?
½kyef mrfw&m; tpp w&m;awG½Sw d ,f/ oifMum;ydkYcsay;&rSmu onf
w&m;awG r[kwb f ;l / onfw&m;awGu ]vGwaf jrmufaMumif;}r[kwf
vdkYbJ/
]vGwaf jrmufaMumif;w&m;}-u ]'ku}© -vdkY qdk&wJY
uH-0dygufawG&UJ 0,(tysu)f udk odjrifawG;ac:wwf
wJYw&m;} jzpfw,f/

onf]tysu}f -odrS onftysuu f kd vdkvm;rufarmrI ork',

y,fr,f r[kwv f m;/ 'gy,frS onfuH0yd guf qufjzpfaewJY oHo&m
u vGwaf jrmufrSmaMumifYyJ/ tJ'g[m t&d,a0g[m& ]"r®p&d,m}-
&JU ]"r®}-jzpfw,f/
Ä (tydk'f(79/ "ar®ok udkvnf; ½Iyg/)
193/ ÓwumeÚö o*F[ t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]ÓwumeÚö o*F[}-udk r*Fva'oemrSm

bk&m;a[mw,f/ 'gudk ]aqGrsKd ;wdkt
Y m; oN*ØK[faxmufyjYH cif;}
-vdkYyJ jrefrmjyefMuw,f/
]o*F[}-teufukd ]ykwå'g&o o*Fa[m}-tzGiYrf Sm ajymcJYNyD

yJ/ onfrSm ]aqGrsKd ;}-Ówu}-udk teufzGiYf&r,f/ rdbESpzf uf&JU
txufckepfqufwkdiu f kd ]Ówu}-vdkY teufzGiYfw,f/
tckacwfrSmawmY ]Nrdef&m[if;aumif;? cif&maqGrsdK;}-vdkY

ajym½dk;½Sad ew,f/ NyD;awmY aqGrsKd ;-qdkwm txufckepfqufrubl;?
atmufckepfqufvnf; aqGrsKd ;yJ/ aqGrsKd ;vdk todcH&wJYolawGvnf;
]Ówu}-yJaygY/
tJonfolawGukd ]udk,ef JYwpfaygif;wnf; aygif;oif;

wm}-[m ]ÓwumeÚö o*F[}-vkyw f myJ/

194/ te0ZÆmedur®ed t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]te0ZÆmed ur®e}d -udk r*Fva'oemrSm bk&m;

a[mw,f/]tjypfr½Sad omtrIrsm;jyKjcif;}-vdkY teufazmuf
Muw,f/ tjypfr½Sad omtrI-qdkwm b,fvkd[mvJ¿ 'gteufazmfzkdY
]tjypf}-udk owfrSw&f r,f/ tyg,fvm;wm[m tjypfvm;¿ umr
ok*wdvm;wmeJY ½lyg½lyvm;wmu tjypfr½Sb d l;vm;¿
t&d,mawGu ]tjypf}-udk t&d,opömeJY owfrSwrf Sm jzpf

w,f/ ]'ku©t&d,opömjzpfvsif tjypf}-yJ/ onfawmY-
bko
H k;H yg;uHawG[m tjypf½w
dS YJ trIawG jzpfMuw,f/
tJ'gawG rjyKwm[m ]tjypf½w Sd JYtrI rjyKwm}-vdkY
t&d,a0g[m& ]te0ZÆmed ur®e}d -&JU teufy/J
195/ tm&wD 0d&wD ygyg t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]tm&wDygyg 0d&wDygyg}-udk r*Fva'oemrSm

bk&m;a[mw,f/ ]raumif;rIrS a0;pGma½SmifeJY txl;a½Smif
jcif;}-vdkY teufazmfMuw,f/
]a0;pGma½Smifwm}-u b,fvkdvJ¿
txl;a½Smifwmu b,fvkdvJ¿
raumif;rIu bmvJ¿ 'gawGar;uGux f Guw f ,f/
]raumif;rI}-qdkwm cdk;-qdk;-vdr-f vSnY?f owfjzwfwmawG
vm;¿ 'gawG[m vlawGow d JY raumif;rI-awGyJ/

t&d,modwYJ ]raumif;rI}-u 'gyJvm;¿ r[kwb

f ;l yJ/ ]'ku©
oHo&mvnfwwfwJY w&m;}-awGjzpfwJY ]awblru uHawG}-yJ/
'gawGukd b,fvkda0;pGma½SmifrvJ¿
onfawblruuHawG&UJ tjypftemtqmawGukd ydki;f
jcm;odNyD;wmaMumifY 'gawGrmS ]rarGUavsmaf wmYwm}-
[m ]a0;pGma½Smif-tm&wDygyg}-ygyJ/
]0d&wD ygyg}-uawmY ]awblru uHawGu
jzpfymG ;apwJY (0dygufawG&UJ ) tjypftemtqmawG
jrifNyD; onfuHawGukd ]rarGUavsmq f JqJ}- jzpfwm[m
]txl;a½Smif-0d&wD ygyg}-yJ/
]uHtcdku}f -awblruuHawGrSm rarGUavsmw f m
]0d&wD ygyg}? ]0dygufzkdvtf cdku}f -awblruuHawG
rSm arGYUavsmrf jzpfwm ]tm&wD ygyg}-yJ/
196/ rZÆygem p oH,r t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]rZÆygem p oH,r}-udk r*Fva'oemrSm bk

&m;a[mw,f/ ]aoaomufjcif;u aumif;pGmapmifpY nf;jcif;}
-vdkY jrefrmjyefMuw,f/ ]rl;,pfaq;okH;jcif;u aumif;pGmapmifY
xde;f jcif;}-aygY/ ]rZÆyge}-[m ]rl;,pfaq;okH;jcif;}-vdkYyJ &rSmyJ/
]oH,r-aumif;pGmapmifYjcif;}-qdkwmu b,fvkdvJ¿

rl;,pfzkdYaomufwmudk a½SmifMuÚfjcif;udk ]oH,wjzpfw,f}-

ajym&r,f/ ]aumif;pGmapmifpY nf;w,f}-aygY/ oH,w=oH+,rk+w-
yJ/ ],rk}- "mwfeufu Oy&r=apmifYa½Smufjcif;yJ/ ]oH,r=
aumif;pGm apmifaY ½Smufjcif;}-qdkawmY aq;0g;tjzpfa&mufw,f-qdkvsif
apmifYa½SmufzkdYrvdkwJY tjzpfrsKd ;-aygY/
]w&m;"r®awG arYaysmufrukeaf tmif aumif;pGm apmifY
a½Smufxm;wm}-[m ]oH,r}-yJ/
197/ tyÜrma'g p "ar®ok t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]tyÜrma'g p "ar®ok}-udk r*Fva'oemrSm

bk&m;a[mw,f/ ]w&m;wdkYü rarYravsmYjcif;}-vdkY jrefrm
jyefMuw,f/ b,fw&m;awGrSm b,fvkdrarY&rSmvJ¿
ajcvSr;f wdki;f ajccsrnfYae&mudk rarYovdkrsKd ; rarY&rSmrSm
r[kwb f ;l / 'gqdkvsif ]umv}-½So d mG ;rSmyJ/ ]umv}-½Sv
d sif w&m;tm;
xkwcf sed rf Sm wjcm; bmrSvkyv f kdYr&bJ ½Srd SmyJ/
bk&m;&JUw&m;u tumvdu*kPaf qmif w&m;yJ/ w&m;tm;

xkwcf sed rf Sm bmrSvkyv f kdYr&wm r[kwb f J? bmvkycf sed jf zpfjzpf w&m;
tm;xkwv f kdY&wJY w&m;yJ/
cspo f al wG olwkcYd spo
f u
l kd cspaf ew,f-qdkwm tNrJjzpfaewmyJ/
tdyaf evsiçf pm;aevsiçf oGm;aevsiv f nf; cspaf ewmyJ/ rke;f rSyJ cspw f m
ysuaf wmYovdkaygY/

]tyÜrm'-rarYravsmb
Y ;l }-qdkwm w&m;eJYqefYusiw
f JY
w&m;r[kww
f JYtjrif rjrifwm&JU emrnfyJ/
w&m;[kw&f muae w&m;r[kww f mqD pdwrf supf v
d nfoGm;
vsif ]yrm'=w&m;arYavsmw
Y m}-yJ/ tJonfvkrd [kwvf sif rarYwmyJ/
'g ]tyÜrm'}-teuf azmfcJYwm/
]"r®}-teuf azmfMuOD;pdkY/ ]w&m;}-qdkvkdY umrukokdvvf nf;

-w&m;? ½lyukokdvv f nf;-w&m;? t½lyukokdvv f nf;-w&m; vkyf
wwfMuw,f/ tukokdvu f kdyJ rw&m;-vkycf siMf uwm/ wu,fawmY
onfvkd r[kwb f l;/
umr½lyt½lyuHawGjzpfwJY ocFg&awG&JU ]0,oabm
=ysupf ;D rI}-udk odwwfwt
YJ &mudk ]w&m;}-ajymwm
jzpfw,f/ tJ'g ]r*¾iw f &m;}-yJaygY/
tJonfw&m;udk rarY&rSmyJ/ ]tyÜrma'g p "ar® ok}-&JU
teuf[m 'gyJ/
Ätydk'(f 79/ "ar®ok ESiYf 193/ "r®p&d,m)udkvnf; ½Iyg/
198/ *g&0 t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&]*g&0}-udk r*Fva'oemrSm bk&m;a[mw,f/

]½dkaoxdkuo
f lukd ½dkaojcif;}-vdkY jrefrmjyefMuw,f/ ]½dkao
xdkuo
f l[m} b,folvJ¿ ]½dkaow,f}-qdkwm b,fvkdvkyw f mvJ¿
'g ajzMunfY&r,f/

toufBuD;ol? *kPBf uD;ol jzpfumrQawG[m ½dkaoxdkuo f l

r[kwb f l;/ onfolawG[m jypfrIav;yg; usL;vGeo f l? t*wdav;yg;
vdkupf m;ol? ysupf D;aMumif;ajcmufyg; rSD0Jol/ 'gawG wpfckckjyKaeol
qdkvsif ½dkaoxdkuo f lr[kwb f l;/
BuD;-i,fr[l qdkcNYJ yD;wJY tcsuf wpfq,fYav;csuuf
vGeaf jrmufolqkdvsif ]½dkaoav;pm;xdkuof l}yJ/ onf
xufykv d sif ydkav;pm;xdkuof al ygY/
]b,fvkd ½dkaoav;pm;&rvJ¿}-&JU tajztjzpf-

xdjcif;ig;yg;eJY ½Scd kd;wm-vdkY rqdkvkdbl;/ udk,-f EIw-f
ESvk;H wpfckckeYJ av;pm;cH&olEiS Yf pyfNyD;?]xdkuw f efwYJ
qufqrH I ay;wm[m ½dkaoav;pm;}-wmyJ/
½Scd kd;wm? qvefay;wm? vufqJEG Iwqf ufwm? aeaumif;vm;
ar;wm? *G'fEdkuf(Good night)vkyfwm? NyKH;jywm? rsufpdcsif;qdkifjy
wm-tppawG[m ]½dkaoav;pm;rI jycsufawGcsnf;} jzpfMuw,f/
199/ ed0gw t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]ed0gw}-udk r*Fva'oemrSm bk&m;a[m

w,f/ ]rdru d kd,u
f kd ESrd Yfcsjcif;}-vdkY jrefrmjyefw,f/ ed0gw=
ed+0gw/ (ed=r½S+d 0gw=av)avr½Sjd cif;yJ/ avrJYt&yfurD;[m Nidr;f
ovdk-Nidrf;wm ]ed0gw}-vdkY t"dyÜg,fjyefMuw,f/

udk,Yftwdki;f txGmyrmPxuf ydk½Sw d ,f-vkyo f l[m ]vIyf

ol=avwdkux f Ju rD;awmufvkdol} ajym&wmyJ/ tJonfvkdr[kwo f l
qdkawmY ]ESrd Yfcsol}-vdkY ajymwmyJ/ ]t½Sad tmufavsmYNyD; aeol}-[m
vnf; ed0gwvl r[kwEf kdiyf gbl;/
]t½Std wdki;f xuf tavsmYtydkr½Sad tmif aeol}-yJ
]ed0gw}-jzpfr,f/
200/ oEÅK|D t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]oEÅK|D}-udk r*Fva'oemrSm bk&m;a[m

w,f/ ]a&mifY&JvG,jf cif;}-vdkY jrefrmjyefMuw,f/ ]a&mifY&J
w,f}-qdkwm b,fvk[ d mvJ¿ ]a&mif&Y }J -qdkwYJ jrefrmpum;[m vuf
½St
d ajctaerSm ]auseyfw,f}-vdkY t"dygÜ ,fxu G w
f ,f/]wif;wdrw
f ,f}
-vnf; ajymaygY/
'gaMumifY a½S;u ]&orQeJY a&mifY&Jwif;wdrfrI vufpGJ? xdkol

csr;f omNrJ}-vdkY pmpyfxm;wmawGU&w,f/ tJonfpm tpu ]a&muf
wJYt&yfrSm-aysmaf tmifae? awGUwJYvleJY-oifYatmifaygif;? &wmav;
eJY-0atmifpm;? ½Sw d mav;eJY-vSatmif0wf}-vdkYyJ/
]xdkolcsrf;omNrJ}-qdkayrJY wu,fu xdkolqkwf,kwfrSmyg/

tyÜ#½d lya'o-vnf; aysmaf tmifae&rSmvm;¿ toyÜK&dovnf; oifY
atmifaygif;&rSmvm;¿ &½So d avmufeJY pm;0wfae&rSmvm;¿

wdk;rpm;csi-f r0wfcsiv
f sif wdk;vnf;vkyrf mS r[kww
f maMumif?Y
qkw,
f kwrf nfYtjrif'óejy pum;yJ/
'gaMumifY ]oEÅK|d}-teuf[m a&mifY&JrI-rjzpfEkdib f l;yJ/
]oEÅK|d}-teuf[m ]yrmP½S½d Sd auseyf ESpo
f ufEkdif
wm}-jzpf&r,f/jzpforQrSm auseyfaewm r[kwb f J?
auseyfavmufwYJ taerSm auseyf ESpo f ufwmaygY/
'g[m ]oEÅK|d}-teufyJ/
201/ uwnkw t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]uwnkw}-udk r*Fva'oemrSm bk&m;a[m

w,f/ ]oljyKzl;aomaus;Zl; odwJYtjzpf}-vdkY jrefrmjyefMu
w,f/ uwnkw=uw+nkw=jyKzl;wmudkoo d ltjzpf-yJaygY/
]aus;Zl;odol}-qdkwm b,fvkd[mvJ¿ ar;&r,f/ xrif;
auR;zl;olukd xrif;jyefauR;wmrsKd ; ½SMd uw,f/ xrif;jyefauR;rS od
wmr[kwb f l;/
]udk,Yu
f kd aumif;atmifjyKxm;zl;ol qdkvsif oljyKwJY
aumif;rIeYJ rwlcsiaf e? olu
Y kd aumif;atmif jyefjyKwm
[m ]aus;Zl;odwm}-yJ/
raumif;jyKwmvnf; aus;Zl;yJ/ raumif;wJYaus;Zl;aygY/ 'g
vnf; arYxm;&rSm r[kwbf ;l / od&rSmyJ/ ]tJ'g cH&vsiaf wmY rSwx
f m;
uG? tJ'g odap&r,f}-eJY jyefajymwwfMuw,f/ aumif;wmawmY
]aus;Zl;wifw,f}-rajymbJ rSdef;aeMuw,f/

t"dyÜg,fu ]olrsm; aumif;aumif;-raumif;aumif; jyKo

rQudk rodvkduzf momaezdkY r[kwbf J? odox d ifxif wkHYjyefzkdY}-yJ/
raumif;wmjyKolukd olvnf; raumif;wm&atmif jyefvky&f r,f-
awmY r[kwbf l;aygY/ ]olYtjyKtwdki;f oljzpfwmrsKd ; awGYwJYtcg u½k
Pmoufjyaewm rjzpfbJ ]Oayu©mxm;jywm}-rsKd ; od&rSmyJ/
202/ umave "r®o0e t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]umave "r®o0e}-udk r*Fva'oemrSm

bk&m;a[mw,f/ ]oifYaomtcgü w&m;emjcif;}-vdkY jrefrm
jyefw,f/ b,ftcg oifYwJYtcgvJ¿ bmw&m;em&rSmvJ¿
txl;tm;jzifaY wmY udk,rYf mS jyóem½SNd yD; r½Si;f Edkiw
f JY
tcg w&m;emzdkY toifq Y k;H tcgyJ/b,fw&m;em&r,f-
qdkwmuawmY ]vGwaf jrmufa&;w&m;}-vdkaY jym&r,f/
203/ cEÅD t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]cEÅD}-udk r*Fva'oemrSm bk&m;a[mw,f/

]onf;cHjcif;}-vdkY jrefrmjyefMuw,f/ jyif;jyif;xefxef cHp&m
udkcHjcif;-udk onf;cH-t"dyÜg,f &rSmyJ/
cHpm;csut
f qdk; jyif;jyif;xefxefawGukd cHEkdiw
f mrSm todrsm;
Muw,f/ taumif;-tqdk; ESprf sKd ;vkH; jyif;xefwJY cHpm;csuaf wGrSm
cHEkdi&f rSmyJ/

]cHEkdiw
f ,f}-qdkwm b,fvkd[mvJ¿ rcHEkdiçf cHEkdif cH&rSmyJ-
r[kwb f l;vm;¿ ar;zG,yf J/ qdk;wmudk rqdk;ovdk? rqdk;wmudk qdk;
ovdk cHaewm[m cHEkdiw f m-r[kwb f l;/ qdk;qdk;-aumif;aumif; rcH
csi-f cHcsif cH&rSmyJ/
onfawmY ]cHEkdi}f -qdkwm bmvJ¿ ar;&rSmaygY/
cH&wmay:rSm rSND yD;? udk,-f EIw-f ESvk;H wpfckck vGef
usL;csiw f wfMuw,f/ rcHEkdiv f sif vGeu f sL;csiw
f ,f/
tJonfvkd ]vGeu f sL;wJYtrI rjyKbJ cHEkdiw f m}-udk
]cHEkdi&f nf=onf;cHrI}-½Sw
d ,f ac:&wmyJ/
204/ aom0pówm t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]aom0pówm}-udk r*Fva'oemrSm bk&m;

a[mw,f/ ]qdkqkH;rvG,af ompum;½So d l tjzpf}-vdkY jrefrm
jyefw,f/ ]pum;ajymvdkYvG,o
f l tjzpf}-vdkY t"dyÜg,f&rSmyJ/ em;r
axmifwwfol? rvdkuef mwwfol-qdkdvsif ]pum;ajymvdkY rvG,o f l}-
aygY/
]t&d,opöm ajym&mrSm t&d,mjzpfwt YJ xd em;axmif
wwfol}-qdkawmY ]qkH;rajymqdkv,
G o
f l= aom0pó
wm}-qdkwm 'gyJ/

205/ orPmeÚö 'óe t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]orPmeÚö 'óe}-udk r*Fva'oemrSm

bk&m;a[mw,f/ ]&[ef;rsm;udk zl;awGYjcif;}-vdkY jrefrmjyef
w,f/
]zl;awGUw,f}-qdkwm ]Munf½Y jI cif;}-yJ/ ]Munf½Y w
I ,f}-qdkwm
pum;awmifpm; uav;MunfYovdk r[kwb f l;/ uav;apmifYa½Smuf
wmudk ]uav;MunfY}-ac:ovdk ]&[ef;vnf; apmifYa½Smufwm}-
vdkY ajym&r,f/
&[ef;udk zl;w,f-qdkNyD; apmifaY ½Smufwm[m ]oyÜL
&do oHao0}-vkyw f myJ/
206/ umave "r®omupäm t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]umave "r®omupäm}-udk r*Fva'oemrSm

bk&m;a[mw,f/ jrefrmvdk ]oifYaomtcgü w&m;aqG;aEG;
jcif;}-vdkY jzpfw,f/
]oifYaomtcg}-u b,ftcgvJ¿
]w&m;aqG;aEG;jcif;}-u b,fvkd[mvJ¿
]oifYaomtcg}-qdkwmuawmY ]udk,Yrf Sm w&m; jy
óemwpfckck rvif;aomtcg-ajym&rSmyJ/
]aqG;aEG;}-qdkwm ygVdvkdawmY ]y#d ykpäm}-vdkY ac:w,f/
]jyefvnfar;jref;wm}-vdkY t"dyÜg,f&w,f/

]aqG;aEG;w,f}-qdkwm ]w&m;emMum;xm;&csuf em;

rvnfwmeJY em;vnfxm;wm [kw-f r[kwf ov d kdwm
twGuf jyefar;csu}f -yJ/
'g ]"r®omupäm}-&JU teufyJ/
207/ wayg t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]wayg}-udk r*Fva'oemrSm bk&m;a[m

w,f/ ]NcdK;NcHpmG usiYjf cif;}-vdkY jrefrmjyefw,f/ tJ'g b,fvkd
[mvJ¿ taumif;-tqdk; ESprf sKd ;½Sv d sif taumif;xm;NyD; tqdk;okH;
wm-udk NcdK;NcHw,f-vdkY rSwMf u&wmyJ/
wu,fawmY ]wy-usiYw f ,f}-qdkwm onfae&mrSm
]uHawG&UJ tjypfawG jrifatmifMunfYwJY tusiY}f -[m
]wytusiY}f -yJ/
208/ jA[®p&d, t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]jA[®p&d,}-udk r*Fvma'oemrSm bk&m;

a[mw,f/ ]jrwfaomtusifYudk usifYjcif;}-vdkY jrefrmjyef
w,f/ ]jrwfaomtusiYf}-qdkwm bkHokH;yg;ukokdvaf wG yGm;w,f-
vdkY odwwfMuw,f/ ]jA[®p&d,}-teuf[m tJ'geJYvGJw,f/
bko
H k;H yg;uHawGukd tjypftm;jzifjY rifatmif usiYw
f JY
tusiY}f -udk ]jA[®p&d,}-ac:wm jzpfw,f/]jA[® =
t&[EÅtjzpf? p&d,=tusi}Yf -yJ/

209/ t&d,opöme 'óe t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]t&d,opöme 'óe}-udk r*Fva'oemrSm

bk&m;a[mw,f/ ]t&d,opömudk odjrifjcif;}-vdkY jrefrmjyef
w,f/
]t&d,opömudk odw,f}-qdkwm b,fvkdvJ¿
]ocFg&wdkt
Y jypfrsm; odjrifjcif;}-[m yGm;&rnfY ]r*¾
t&d,opöm}-yJ/ ]ocFg&awG&JU tjypfrsm;}-[m]'ku©
t&d,opöm}-yJ/ ]ocFg&awGukd taumif;xifwm}
ocFg&jzpfaMumif; ]ork',t&d,opöm}-yJ/ ]'gcsKyf
wm[m} ocFg&Nidr;f &m ]eda&m"t&d,opöm}-yJvkYd
vlrSm tJonftjzpfawG jrifwm[m ]t&d,opöm
'óe}-teufyJ/
210/ edAÁme opädud&d, t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]edAÁme opädud&d,}-udk r*Fva'oemrSm bk

&m;a[mw,f/ ]edAÁmefrsuaf rSmufjyKjcif;}vdkY jrefrmjyefw,f/
]rsuaf rSmufjyKw,f}-qdkwm b,fvkjd zpfwmvJ¿]opä}d -udk ]ypöu}© -
vdkY ygVdvmawmY ]ud&,d -jyKw,f}-eJYwGJNyD; ]rsuaf rSmufjyKw,f}-
ajymwm jzpfrSmyJ/
wu,fawmY uH-0dygufawG t<uif;rJY csKyfwmu
]edAÁmef}-qdkawmY ]tJonftcsKyfBuD; vlrmS a&mufvm
wm}-udk ]opäu d &d ,
d }-ajymwm jzpfr,f/

uH0yd gufrsm; aemifrjzpfawmYwYJ tNidr;f BuD; ypöu©

jzpfatmifjyKwm-udk ]opäu d &d ,
d }-ajymwmyJ/
]ypöu}© -[m ]0wårme}-&JU pum;vS,yf /J ]tJonftNidr;f jzpf
atmif vkyw
f m ]opäud &d ,
d }-yJ/
211/ zk|ó avmu"ar®[d pdwå, H ó eurÜwd t&d,a0g[m&w¬

uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]zk|ó avmu"ar®[d pdwåH,ó eurÜw}d -

udk r*Fva'oemrSm bk&m;a[mw,f/ ]Äavmu"HeJYawGUol
pdwfrwkefvIyfjcif;}-vdkY jrefrmjyefw,f/
]avmu"r®}-qdkwm Ä]vmbmvmb ,óm,o edEy´ oHo
okc'ku©}-yJ/ ]zk|ó pdwåeurÜw}d -qdkwm onf½Spyf g; wpfyg;yg;eJY
awGYwJYpdwf[m rwkefvIyfbl;}-vdkYyJ/
b,fvdk rwkefvIyfwmvJ¿
0rf;enf;0rf;om rjzpfb;l -qdkvkw
d m r[kwb
f ;l / uH
wpfckckqD a&mufwt YJ jzpf ra&mufwmudk ]rwkev
f Iy}f
-vdkaY jymwm jzpfw,f/
Ä rSwf&ef/ vmbmvmb=vmbf&-r&?,om,o=a>c&H½Sd-r½Sd?
edEýoHo=csD;rGrf;-uJY&JU? okc'ku©=csrf;om-qif;&J/

212/ zk|ó avmu"ar®[d pdwåH,ó taomu t&d,a0g[m

&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]zk|ó avmu"ar®[d pdwå,

H ó taomu}
-udk r*Fva'oemrSm bk&m;a[mw,f/]avmu"HeJYawGUvkdY
]rpdk;&drf}-vdkY jrefrmjyefw,f/
avmu"HeaYJ wGvY kYd uHrajrmufatmif aeawmY ]Zmwd

Z&mr&P aomu y&da'0-tpp 0dygufawG rjzpf
bl;}-vdkY qdkvkdw,f/
213/ zk|ó avmu"ar®[d pdwåH,ó 0d&ZH t&d,a0g[m&w¬

uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]zk|ó avmu"ar®[d pdwåH,ó 0d&ZH}udk

r*Fva'oemrSm bk&m;a[mw,f/ ]udavomwnf;[laom
jrL r½Sd}-vdkY jrefrmjyefw,f/
qdkvkwd mu avmu"HeaYJ wGv

Y kYd ur®0#f0yd gu0#f r½Sd
ol[mudavo0#f b,frSm½SSOd D;rSmvJ¿ 'gudk ]0d&Z}-
vdkY ajymwmyJ/

214/ zk|ó avmu"ar®[d pdwåH,ó acr t&d,a0g[m&w¬

uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]zk|ó avmu"ar®[d pdwåH,ó acr}-

udk r*Fva'oemrSm bk&m;a[mw,f/ ]ab;r½S}d -vdYk jrefrmjyef
w,f/
avmu"H½Spyf g; wpfyg;yg;eJYawGYol[m uH0yd guf ud

avomawG rjzpfb;l qdkawmY bmjzpfovJ-ajymzdkY usef
aewm rjzpf&atmif]ab;ukew f myJ jzpfaew,f}-vdkY
]acr}-u qdkvkdw,f/ tJ'g ]edAÁmef}-yJ/


tcef;(13)
arwåa'oem t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
215/ ouú t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m&]ouú}-udk arwåa'oemrSm bk&m;a[mw,f/

jrefrmvdk ]pGr;f Edkio
f l}-vdkY jyefMuw,f/ ]vlpGr;f aumif;}-
aygY/ t"dyÜg,fu wdkucf kud rf I'Pf cHEkid &f nf½So
d leJY Edkiaf tmifwkducf kduf
wwfol-vdkY odaeMuw,f/
onf ]ouú}-u t&d,mjzpfol bk&m;uajymwJY ]ouú}-

jzpfawmY onft"dyÜg,fr[kwb
f l;/
vlrjI yóemwdki;f twGuf jyóemyJ em;axmif MunfY½I
NyD;? jyóem&JUNyD;ajy&m rodjrif rnTejf yEdkio
f l r[kwf
bJ ]jyóem&JUxGuaf yguf nTejf yEdkipf Gr;f ol}-onf
]ouú}-jzpfw,f/
216/ OZk t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]OZk}-udk arwåa'oemrSm bk&m;a[mw,f/

]udk,Ef Iww
f kdY\ ajzmifYrwfjcif;}-vdkY jrefrmjyefMuw,f/ 'gudk
t"dyÜg,ftjzpf um,0pD'kp½dkurf sm; rjyKwm-vdkY &r,f/
t&d,a0g[m& ]OZk}-[m onft"dyÜg,fr[kwb f l;/ udk,f
EIwEf SvkH; okH;yg;vkH;yJ 'kp½dkuuf vGww f mavmuf r[kwb f l;/

]umr½lyg½lyokp½dkuaf wGuyg udk,Ef IwEf SvkH;vGww

f m
[m ]OZk}-yJ/ onfvkdjzpfatmif usiaYf eqJ jzpfvkYd
]OZk}-ajymwmyJ/
217/ ok[kZk t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]ok[kZk}-udk arwåa'oemrSm bk&m;a[m

w,f/ pdwf\ajzmifYrwfjcif;-vdkY jrefrmjyefMuw,f/
]OZk}-jzpfatmifvkyrf u
I pd ö NyD;ajrmufol&JU ]OZkjzpfNyD;
Y ae}-[m ]ok[kZk}-jzpfw,f/
wJt
218/ ok0p t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]ok0p}-udk arwåa'oemrSm bk&m;a[m

w,f/ qdkqkH;rvG,o
f ltjzpf-vdkY jrefrmjyefMuw,f/
]t&d,opöm oifMum;ajymqdkv,G o
f l}-aygY/ 'gudk
]aom0pówm}-r*FvmtzGiYef JYtwl em;vnf&r,f/
219/ rk'k t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]rk'k-udk arwåa'oemrSm bk&m;a[mw,f/

El;nHYoltjzpf-vdkY jrefrmjyefMuw,f/ El;nHYol-qdkwm b,f
vdkvlvJ¿ jznf;jznf;vIy½f Sm;olvm;¿
wu,fawmY ]El;nHYol}-qdkwm ]0rf;ajrmufz, G jf yKrl-
ajymqdk-aexdkiw
f wfo}l -vdkY ajym&rSmyJ/

220/ tewdrmeD t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]tewdrmeD}-udk arwåa'oemrSm bk&m;

a[mw,f/ ]tvGefrmefrrljcif;}-vdkY jrefrmjyefw,f/
]tvGerf mefrlw,f}-qdkwm b,fvkd[mvJ¿
]rdrd jyKcJNY yD;wmxuf rdrjd zpfcNYJ yD;wmxuf ydkrkdjyKcJYNyD;
ava,mif? jzpfcNYJ yD;ava,mif trI}-[m tvGerf mef
rlw,f ajym&r,f/ ]onfvkdr½Sw d m[m ]rmef tvGef
rrlwm}-yJ/
221/ oEÅKóu t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]oEÅKóu}-udk arwåa'oemrSm bk&m;a[m

w,f/ a&mifY&JvG,o f ltjzpf-vdkY jrefrmjyefMuw,f/ 'gudk
]oEÅK|D}-r*Fva'oemtwdki;f rSw&f r,f/ Ä
«rSwf&ef/ Ä oEÅK|D=oEÅKó=yrmP½Sd½SdauseyfESpfoufEdkifwm/»
222/ okb& t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]okb&}-udk arwåa'oemrSm bk&m;a[m

w,f/ arG;jrLvG,o f l tjzpf-vdkY jrefrmjyefMuw,f/ ]arG;jyL
vG,}f -qdkwm b,fvkdvJ¿
]aygif;oif;qufq&H rcufwYJ udk,Ef w I Ef v
S k;H ½Sdol}
-yJ/
'g]okb&}-teufy/J

223/ tyÜupd ö t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]tyÜupd ö}-udk arwåa'oemrSm bk&m;a[m

w,f/ ]udpöenf;ol tjzpf}-vdkY jrefrmjyefw,f/ ]udpöenf;
ol}-qdkwm ]jyKzG,ef nf;ol}-vdkY qdkvkdrvm;¿ onfvkd r[kwbf l;/
]udpöenf;ol}-qdkwm ]jyKzG,af wG b,favmufrsm;
rsm; jymavmifrcwfbJ jyKEdkio f ?l ravmfvo
D }l -vdkY
qdkvkdw,f/
224/ ov’[ku0kwåd t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]ov’[ku0kwå}d -udk arwåa'oemrSm bk&m;

a[mw,f/ aygYyg;aom toufarG;jcif;½Sdol-vdkY jrefrmjyef
w,f/ 'g&JUt"dyÜg,fu tvkyt f udkif enf;enf;uav;jzifY touf
½Sio
f l? pm;0wfae wefzkd;tenf;i,feJY touf½Sio f l-vdkY qdkvkdwm
r[kwb f l;/
toufarG;vkyfief; BuD;csifBuD;? ao;csifao;? cufcJyifyrf;
olrSm cufcJyifyrf;aewmyJ/ vG,u f laygYyg;aeolrSm vG,u f laygYyg;
aewmyJ/
touf½iS o f efpm;ok;H &zdkY tvkyt f udkiaf wG vkyu f kdif
aeolr[kwb f J? ]tvkyt f udkiaf wGvkyu f kid Nf yD; avmu
udkapmifYa½SmufzkdY touf½Sio f ef pm;okH;aeol tjzpf}-
[m ]ov’[ku0kwå}d -&JU teuftw¬yJ/

225/ oEÅdÈ´d, t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]oEÅ`d E´,

w,f/ ]Nidro
d }-udk arwåa'oemrSm bk&m;a[m
f ufaom£aÈ´½o Sd l tjzpf}-vdkY jrefrmjyefw,f/
£È´,
d =£aÈ´qkdwm bmvJ¿
b,fvkyif ef;rqdkü tvkyu f kd ydkiEf kdiaf t;aq;pGm vkyo
f Gm;
Edkio
f lukd ]£aÈ´&ol}-vdkY ajym&wmyJ/ aexdkiw f mrSmvnf; onfvkdyJ?
ydkiEf kdiaf t;aq;pGm aexdkiof Gm;vmEdkio
f lukd ]£aÈ´&ol}-yJ ac:Mu
w,f/ £ajE´-[m aumif;wmrSma&m? raumif;wmrSmyg £aÈ´&vdkY
&wm awGY&r,f/
]oEÅ`d E´,
d }-uawmY onfvkdr&awmYbl;/ Nidr;f at;wJY
£aÈ´&rIrsKd ;rS jzpfr,f/ Nidr;f at;wJY £aÈ´&rI[m-
]tjypfuif;wJY tvkyt f udkif taetxdkiaf wGrmS ydkiEf kdif
at;aq;pGm vkyu f kid af exdkiEf kid jf cif;}-jzpf&r,f/
226/ edyu t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]edyu}-udk arwåa'oemrSm bk&m;a[m

w,f/ &ifYusufaomÓPfynm½Sdol-vdkY jrefrmjyefw,f/
tJ'gb,fvkdvJ¿
]rdr-d olwyg; ESpOf ;D om;&JU odraf rGcY ufcJaom tusKd ;
rsm;udk odwwfol}-yJ/ 'g ]edyu}-teufaygY/

227/ tyÜ*AÇ t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]tyÜ*AÇ}-udk arwåa'oemrSm bk&m;a[m

w,f/ ]rMurf;wrf;ol}-vdkY jrefrmjyefw,f/ t"dyÜg,fu
tyÜ*AÇ=t+y*AÇ =pdwyf supf ufqkwpf &m r½Sad tmifaeol}-yJ/
]olrsm;udk pdwyf supf ufqkwpf &m rjzpfatmif BudK;pm;
aewm}-[m arwåmxm;ykt H jcif;t&mawGxuJ wpfck
jzpfwYJ ]tyÜ*AÇ}-aygY/
228/ ukavoGeEk*d'¨ t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]ukavoGeEk*'d ¨}-udk arwåa'oemrSm bk&m;

a[mw,f/ ]'umawGrSm rwyfpGe;f rrufarmjcif;}-vdkY jref
rmjyefw,f/ t"dyÜg,fu ]vlrsKd ;rsuEf Smrvdkub
f kdY}-aygY/
ukv=trsKd ;/ trsKd ;-qdkwm udk,yYf wf0ef;usiu f vl
tpm;pm;udk ]ukv}-vdkY ajymwmyg/ ]tJ'gawGrSm cGJ
jcrf;cGjJ crf;rvkyb
f k}Yd -aygY/ 'g ]ukavoG eEk*'d }¨ -yJ/
229/ epck'´rmpa& udÚöd a,e0dnlya& Oy0a',sKH t&d, a0g[m

&w¬uxm
t
}
&d,a0g[m& ]epck'´rmpa& udÚöd a,e0dnlya& Oy0a',sKH
-udk arwåa'oemrSm bk&m;a[mw,f/ ynm½Sw d JYwjcm;ol
awG uJY&JUp&m wpkHwckukd enf;enf;rS rusiY&f bl;}-vdkY jrefrmjyefw,f/
twdkcsKyfu ]ynm½Su d JY&JUp&m enf;enf;rS rusiYfol jzpf&r,f}-aygY/

t"dyd Üg,fu ]0dnl}-udk ynm½S-d vdkY jyefxm;w,f/ tJ'g

jyifzkdYyJ/ ]0dnl}-[m ]ynm½S}d -vdkY jyef&rSm r[kwbf l;/ onftrSm;u
ArmrSm vTr;f rdk;xm;ykH&w,f/ ]vlrkduw f pfaomif; uJY&JUa½Smif;vnf;?
vlaumif;wpfa,muf csD;rGr;f aysmuf\}-wdkY bmwdkY uAsmawG ½Sad e
w,f/ 'g[m onfpmMunfYpyfwm jzpfzkdYrsm;w,f/
wu,fawmY ]0dnl}-[m ]omreftodwnf½So d l}-&JU trnf

yJ/ ]ypöwåa0'dwaAÁm 0dnl[d}-u ]0dnl}? ]tnMwyk&do 0d*¾a[e
0dnlem}/ onf]0dnlem}-]0dnl[d}-]0dnl}-'gawG twlyJ/ ]0dnl}-
[m omreftod wnf½Sdolyg/
]ypöwåHa0'dwaAÁm 0dnl[d}-[m ]0dnl[d ypöwåHa0'dwaAÁm?

0dnl[d Moyae,saum?0dnl[d {[dyódaum?0dnl[d tumvdaum?
0dn[l d oE´|d ad um? 0dn[
l d oGum© awm}-yk'w
f kid ;f vdkuv
f k&Yd wJY ]0dn[
l }d
yJ/ tJ'g ]omreftodwnf½Sdol}-aygY/
onfrSmvnf; uJY&JUrnfYol[m ynm½Srd S r[kwyf gbl;/

omreftod wnf½So d lyg/ ]tJonfvkdolawG uJY&JU
p&m enf;enf;rS rvky&f }-vdkY ajymwmyg/
'g ]a,e 0dnlya& Oy0a',sKH}-&JU teufaygY/


tcef;(14)
"r®*kPf&nf t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
230/ oGu©mw t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]oGu©mw}udk ("r®*kP)"Z*¾a'oemrSm bk&m;

a[mw,f/ ]aumif;pGmta[mcH&aom w&m;}-vdkY jrefrmjyef
Muw,f/
]aumif;pGma[majymcH&w,f}-qdkwm b,fvk[ d mvJ¿ ajymqdk
cH&csufudk ]b,folrQ ruJY&JUEdkif? tjypfrwifEdkif? r½IwfcsEdkifatmif
a[majymxm;cH&csuf jzpfw,f-qdkvkw d ,f/
bk&m;a[mxm;wJY t&d,opömw&m;[m ]omreftod

½So
d lawGtaeeJY uJY&JUjypfwifr&aom w&m;}-jzpfw,f
aygY/
231/ oE´d|du t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]oE´|d u d }udk "Z*¾"r®*kPa'oemrSm bk&m;

a[mw,f/ ]udk,fwdkifjriftyf\}-vdkY jrefrmjyefw,f/ t"d
yÜg,fu udk,wf kdif tjrifukdcH&w,f-aygY/ bk&m;a[majymwJY w&m;
[m a[majymolbk&m;om udk,w f kdijf rifow
d m r[kwb
f J? emMum;ol
rsm;vnf; udk,wf kdijf rifo&d w,f-qdkvkdw,f/

tJonfrSm ygVd0gusjzefYvsif ]oGu©mawm b*0wm"ar®m

0dnl[d? b*0wm"ar®m oE´d|daum 0dnl[d? b*0wm"ar®m tum
vdaum 0dnl[d? b*0wm"ar®m {[dyódaum 0dnl[d? b*0wm
"ar®m Moyae,sdaum 0dnl[d? b*0wm"ar®m ypöwåHa0'dwaAÁm
0dnl[d}-vdkY jzpf&rSmyJ/
qdkvkw
d mu ]bk&m;a[mxm;wJw Y &m;[m omreftod
½So
d lwkdYu udk,w
f kdit
f jrifcH&\}-vdkYyJ/
232/ tumvdu t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]tumvdu}udk "Z*¾"r®*kPa'oemrSm bk&m;

a[mw,f/ ]tcgrvifY tusKd ;ay;wwf\}-vdkY jrefrmjyefMu
w,f/ 'g roifYbl;/ ]ypöwåHa0'dwAÁ}-*kPf&nfeJY txyfcH&vdkYyJ/
vufiif;rsuaf rSmuf tusKd ;udk odtyfcHpm;tyfw,f-qdkwmeJY bmxl;
rSmvJ/
'gaMumifY ]tumvdu=t+umv+£u}/ umvdu=umv

½Scd H&wm/ t=r[kw/f onfawmY ]tumvdu}-[m ]umv½Srd cH&
aomw&m;}-aygY/ [kww f ,f/
bk&mYw&m;[m b,fumvrSmrS rSew f ,f? b,fum
va&mufvsif rrSeb
f l;-vdkY r½Sb
d l;/]umv&JU twdkuf
tpm; rcH&wJYw&m;}-aygY/

NyD;awmYvnf; bk&m;&JUw&m;[m yGm;rsm;ae&vdkY tvkyt f udkif

awGysuwf ,f r½Sb d l;/ tvkyt
f udkiu f vkycf sed u
f mv ½Sad yrJY w&m;u
]umvr½S}d -vdkYyJ/ ,mÚfpnf;urf;vdkuef musiYfBuHNyD; armif;wJY ,mÚf
armif;olvkdaygY/ pnf;urf;usiYBf uHvkdY ,mÚfarmif;rysub
f l;/ pnf;urf;
usiYfwmu ]umvr½S}d -vdkYyJ/
233/ {[dyódu t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]{[dyódu}udk "Z*¾"r®*kPa'oemrSm bk&m;

a[mw,f/ ]vmvSnçYf ½Ivn
S [
Yf k cHEkid yf gay\}-vdkY jrefrmjyef
w,f/ ]0dnl[d {[dyódaum}-yJ/
]omreftod½o Sd lwkdY taeeJY vma&muf½IMunfYvkdY &Edkif
wJw
Y &m; jzpfw,f}-vdkY t"dygÜ ,f&r,f/ ]t½IMunfY
tokH;oyfcHEkdiw f JYw&m;}-aygY?
234/ Moyae,sdu t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]Moyae,sdu}udk "Z*¾"r®*kPa'oemrSm bk

&m;a[mw,f/ ]uyfíaqmifxm;tyfaomw&m; jzpf\}-
vdkY jrefrmjyefw,f/
]0dnl[d Moyae,sad um? omreftod wnf½Sod lwkdY
taeeJY uyfaqmifcxH m;&aom w&m; jzpfw,f}-vdkY
t"dyÜg,f&w,f/

235/ ypöwåHa0'dwAÁ t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm
t &d,a0g[m& ]ypöwåHa0'dwAÁ}udk "Z*¾"r®*kP a'oemrSm

bk&m;a[mw,f/ ynm½Sw d kdYonf rsuaf rSmuftusKd ;udk od
tyfcpH m;tyf\-vdkY jrefrmjyefw,f/ wu,fawmY ]ynm½S}d -r[kwb f ;l /
]omreftodavmuf ½So d lukd ]0dnl}-vdkY ajymwmyg/
tJonfotl aeeJY rsuaf rSmuf'|d t
d usKd ;udk todcH&
w,f}-vdkY qdkvkdw,f/
E:BHL\Myaing(vhr)\AriyaVocabulary\Tja_(vocabulary)\Ñriya\ ariyar vocabulary.pm6
(13:00hr.,11 th jul 2004-sym)


tcef;(15)
t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm ed*kH;
ed*kH;
t&d,a0g[m&yk'f ESp&f mausmrf Qudk ]t&d,a0g[m&w¬}-
tjzpf ajymqdkcJYNyD;NyD/ t&d,a0g[m&awGukd ]t&d,a0g[m&w¬}
rvkyEf kdicf JYwm MumcJYNyDjzpfvkdY onf-vkyjf ycJYNyD;wm[mjzifY erlemvkyjf y
csut f jzpf rSw, f lNyD;? tacsmt f cRwf twdr;f tapmif; awGUMuvsif
cGifYvTwfjyifqif MunfYjrifMuapcsifw,f/
wjcm;wjcm; t&d,a0g[m&yk'af wG ]t&d,a0g[m&w¬}-

vkyzf kdY trsm;tjym; ½Srd SmygyJ/ 'gawGukd tcGiYfoifYMuvsif qufvkyzf kdY
pdwful;ay:MuvdrfYr,f arQmfvifYw,f/ onfpm[m tJonfavmuf
yJ &nf½G,w f ,f/
onfavmufeJY onfpmed*kH; tkyv

f kduw
f ,f/
ÓP
"r®0[
d m&D
15-7-2004 NyD;\/
(1366ckESpf yXr0gqdkvjynfYausmf 14&uf? Mumoyaw;aeY)

t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm tu©&m0vd
«a0g[m&tu©&m? ykd'fa&eHywf(tcef;eHywf)? pmrsuEf Sm»
t
tumvdu y-232(14)? pm-318
tBud,0g' ed,wrdpäm'd|d y-126(8)? pm-210
ta'go y-169(11)? pm-269
t"dywd y-142(10)? pm-243
tewdrmeD y-220(13)? pm-311
te0ZÆmed ur®ed y-194(12)? pm-293
temukvm p ur®EÅ y-190(12)? pm-289
tem*grD y-119(8)? pm-190
tewå y-37(4)? pm-92
tedrdwå y-123(8)? pm-203
tedpö y-38(4)? pm-95
tEko, y-134(9)? pm-235
taemwåyÜ y-163(11)? pm-266
tarm[ y-170(11)? pm-270
t&[wå y-120(8)? pm-193
t&d, y-116(8)? pm-182
t&d,opöme 'óe y-209(12)? pm-304
tavmb y-168(11)? pm-268
t0dZÆm y-49(5)? pm-112

tol&um, y-112(8)? pm-175

t[d&du y-162(11)? pm-266
ta[wku0g' ed,wrdpäm'd|d y-127(8)? pm-214
tmp&d, eruúm& y-92(7)? pm-157
tm,we y-148(10)? pm-250
tm&wD 0d&wD ygyg y-195(12)? pm-293
tmo0 y-129(9)? pm-228
twåudvrxmEka,m* y-52(2)? pm-28
twåor®myPD"d y-183(12)? pm-281
tyÜudpö y-223(13)? pm-312
tyÜ*AÇ y-227(13)? pm-314
tyÜPd[dw y-125(8)? pm-207
tyÜrma'gp "ar®ok y-197(12)? pm-295
£'ÿd g' y-141(10)? pm-242
£È´d, y-143(10)? pm-243
£óm y-158(11)? pm-264
OZk y-216(13)? pm-309
O',AÁ, y-84(6)? pm-144
OyorÜEé y-114(8)? pm-178
Oyg'ge y-58(5)? pm-126 y-132(9)? pm-232
Oygou y-115(8)? pm-181
Oayu©m y-173(11)? pm-272

O'¨pö y-156(11)? pm-263

{uwðoblrd y-67(5)? pm-132
{um,e y-70(6)? pm-136
{wH rr y-41(4)? pm-102
{aom ar twåm y-43(4)? pm-105
{aom [ ro®d y-42(4)? pm-104
{[dyódu y-233(14)? pm-319
MoC y-130(9)? pm-230
Moyae,sud y-234(14)? pm-319
MowåyÜ y-167(11)? pm-268
u
uwnkw y-201(12)? pm-299
ur®0¥ y-63(5)? pm-130
u½kPm y-171(11)? pm-271
umrokcv’u
d mEka,m* y-4(3)? pm-24
um,mEkyóD y-80(6)? pm-141
uma, y-76(6)? pm-139
umave "r®o0e y-202(12)? pm-300
umave "r®omupäm y-206(12)? pm-302
udavo y-136(9)? pm-237
udavo0¥ y-62(5)? pm-130

ukuúKpö y-157(11)? pm-264

ukr*® ¾ y-137(9)? pm-238
ukavoGeEk*'d ¨ y-228(13)? pm-314
ukov y-2(2)? pm-16
c
cEÅD y-203(12)? pm-300
cE¨ y-147(10)? pm-246
*
*g&0 y-198(12)? pm-296
p
pu©K"mwsm'd y-175(11)? pm-274
pu©K0dnmPm'd y-177(11)? pm-275
pdwåmEkyóD y-82(6)? pm-144
pdwåbm0em y-87(6)? pm-150
pdawå y-78(6)? pm-140
Z
Zmwd y-60(5)? pm-128
Z&m r&P y-61(5)? pm-129

ps
psme y-138(10)? pm-240
n
ÓwumeÚö o*F[ y-193(12)? pm-292
Ó,ó t"d*rm, y-74(6)? pm-138
w
wPSm y-57(5)? pm-125
wayg y-207(12)? pm-303
awblru y-66(5)? pm-131
wd&päme y-111(8)? pm-173
x
xde y-160(11)? pm-265
'
'ge y-103(8)? pm-165 y-191(12)? pm-290
'go ur®um& eruúm& y-98(7)? pm-160
'd|d y-153(11)? pm-259
'da|'d|rwå y-85(6)? pm-145
a'0 y-107(8)? pm-168

a'go y-151(11)? pm-257

'ku©u©E¨ y-69(5)? pm-133
'ku© a'greómeH tw¬*Fr y-73(6)? pm-137
'ku©ead &m" y-18(3)? pm-62
'ku©ead &m" *grdeDy#dy'g r*¾t&d,opö y-20(3)? pm-65
'ku©eda&m" *grdeDy#dy'gt&d,opö bm0dw uwÓP
y-32(3)? pm-85
'ku©ead &m" *grdeDy#dy'gt&d,opö bma0wAÁupd öÓP
y-31(3)? pm-84
'ku©eda&m" *grdeDy#dy'gt&d,opö t&d,opöÓP
y-30(3)? pm-84
'ku©ead &m" t&d,opö y- 19(3)? pm-64
'ku©eda&m" t&d,opöÓP y-27(3)? pm-81
'ku©eda&m" t&d,opö opäduw uwÓP y-29(3)? pm-83
'ku©ead &m" t&d,opö opäu d mwAÁupd öÓP y-28(3)? pm-82
'ku©vu©P y-39(4)? pm-101
'ku©ork', y-16(3)? pm-60
'ku©ork', y[mwAÁupd öÓP y-25(3)? pm-80
'ku©ork', t&d,opö y-17(3)? pm-61
'ku©ork', t&d,opöÓP y-24(3)? pm-80
'ku©ork', t&d,opö y[DeuwÓP y-26(3)? pm-81
'ku© t&d,opö y-15(3)? pm-55

'ku© t&d,opöÓP y-21(3)? pm-75

'ku© t&d,opö y&dÓwuwÓP y-23(3)? pm-79
'ku© t&d,opö y&daÚ,sudpöÓP y-22(3)? pm-78
"
"mwk y-149(10)? pm-251
"r®p&d,m y-192(12)? pm-291
"r®mEkyóD y-83(6)? pm-144
"ar®ok y-79(6)? pm-141
e
e p ck'´ rmpa&udÚöd a,e 0dnlya& Oy0a',sKH
y-229(13)? m-314
ew¬du0g' ed,wrdpäm'd|d y-128(8)? pm-220
eruúm& 'u©dPm'do y-91(7)? pm-157
eruúm& yk&rd 'do y-89(7)? pm-156
eruúm& ypädr'do y-93(7)? pm-157
eruúm& a[|dr'do y-97(7)? pm-159
eruúm& Oy&dr'do y-99(7)? pm-160
eruúm& Owå&'do y-95(7)? pm-158
eró&[ukP y-101(7)? pm-161
emr½ly y-52(5)? pm-121

edyu y-226(13)? pm-

edAÁme opäu
d &d ,d m, y-210(12)? pm-304
edAÁmeó opäu d &d ,
d y-75(6)? pm-138
ed&, y-109(8)? pm-170
ed0gw y-199(12)? pm-297
eD0&P y-133(9)? pm-234
y
ypöwåHa0'dwAÁ y-235(14)? pm-320
ynmbm0em y-88(6)? pm-153
y#d½lya'om0go y-181(12)? pm-279
y@dw y-179(12)? pm-278
yx0Dtm'd y-174(11)? pm-273
ygy y-1(1)? pm-12
ykwå'g&o o*F[ y-189(12)? pm-288
ykaAÁp uwyknwm y-182(12)? pm-280
ylZae,s y-180(12)? pm-279
ayw y-110(8)? pm-171
z
zk|óavmu"ar®[d pdwåH,ó taomu
y-212(12)? pm-306

zk|óavmu"ar®[d pdwåH,ó acr y-214(12)? pm-307

zk|óavmu"ar®[d pdwåH,ó eurÜwd y-211(12)? pm-305
zk|óavmu"ar®[d pdwåH,ó 0d&ZH y-213(12)? pm-306
zó y-54(5)? pm-122
A
Av y-144(10)? pm-244
Amv y-178(12)? pm-278
Am[kopöokou d w
©d y-184(12)? pm-281
aAm"dESiYfaAmZÑ*F y-145(10)? pm-244
jA[® y-106(8)? pm-168
jA[®p&d, y-208(12)? pm-303
b
b&d, eruúm& y-94(7)? pm-158
b0 y-59(5)? pm-127
bm0em y-105(8)? pm-167
r
r*¾ESifYr*¾*F y-146(10)? pm-245
rpä&,d y-159(11)? pm-265
rZÆygemp oH,r y-196(12)? pm-294

rZÑdry#dy'g y-6(3)? pm-32

rEkó y-108(8)? pm-169
rmwmydwk Oy|me y-188(12)? pm-284
rmwmydwk eruúm& y-90(7)? pm-156
rme y-154(11)? pm-260
rdwåmrpö erómum& y-96(7)? pm-159
rd'¨ y-161(11)? pm-265
rk'w
d m y-172(11)? pm-272
rk'k y-219(13)? pm-310
arm[ y-152(11)? pm-259
,
,mumpd a0'em ,mumpd onm a,aupd ocFg&m ,HuÚd öd -
0dnmPH y-45(4)? pm-108
a,m* y-131(9)? pm-231
,HuÚd öd ½lyH y-44(4)? pm-107
,HuÚd öd ork',"r®H oAÁH wH eda&m" "r®H y-33(3)? pm-85
&
½ly"mwsm'd y-176(11)? pm-275
½ly a0'em onm ocFg& 0dnmP y-36(4)? pm-90
½lyo®drÜd edAÁdE´wd y-46(4)? pm-109

v
vab,sH OyorÜEé y-35(3)? pm-87
vab,sm[H baEÅ b*0awm oEÅdau yAÁZÆH y-34(3)? pm-86
avmu y-121(8)? pm-200
avmukwå& y-122(8)? pm-201
avmb y-150(11)? pm-254
0
0dpu
d pd äm y-155(11)? pm-262
0dnmP y-51(5)? pm-117
0dnmP emr½ly oVm,we zó a0'em y-56(5)? pm-123
0de,okodu©dw y-186(12)? pm-283
0dy&dPmr"r® y-40(4)? pm-102
0dygu0¥ y-64(5)? pm-131
0d&m*g 0drkpöwd y-48(4)? pm-110
a0'em y-55(5)? pm-123
a0'emEkyóD y-81(6)? pm-143
a0'emok y-77(6)? pm-140
a0'em,yd onm,yd ocFga&okyd 0dnmPo®ðyd edAÁdE´wd
y-47(4)? pm-109
0wåmum& y-102(7)? pm-162

o
ou'g*grdu y-118(8)? pm-188
ouú y-215(13)? pm-309
ocFg& y-50(5)? pm-116
opdwå y-3(2)? pm-20
owd y-165(10)? pm-267
owdy|me y-139(10)? pm-240
orP y-113(8)? pm-175
orP jA[®P erómum& y-100(7)? pm-161
orPmeÚö 'óe y-205(12)? pm-302
owåmeH0dok'¨d y-71(6)? pm-136
o'¨g y-164(10)? pm-266
or®yÜ"me y-140(10)? pm-241
oEÅ`d E´,d y-225(13)? pm-313
oEÅK|D y-200(12)? pm-298
oEÅKóu y-221(13)? pm-311
oE´|d ud y-231(14)? pm-317
or®mtmZD0 y-11(3)? pm-46
or®mur®EÅ y-10(3)? pm-45
or®m'd|d y-7(3)? pm-36
or®m0gpm y-9(3)? pm-43
or®m0g,mr y-12(3)? pm-50

or®mouFyÜ y-8(3)? pm-40

or®morm"d y-14(3)? pm-54
or®mowd y-13(3)? pm-53
ov’[ku0kwåd y-224(13)? pm-312
oVm,we y-53(5)? pm-122
odyÜokodu©dw y-185(12)? pm-282
oDv y-86(6)? pm-147 y-104(8)? pm-166
okb& y-222(13)? pm-311
okbmodwmp ,m 0gpm y-187(12)? pm-283
ok0p y-218(13)? pm-310
ok[kZk y-217(13)? pm-310
oknw y-124(8)? pm-204
aomu y&da'0 'ku© a'greókyg,mom y-68(5)? pm-132
aomu y&da'0geH orwduúr y-72(6)? pm-137
aomwmyEé y-117(8)? pm-184
aom0pówm y-204(12)? pm-301
oHa,mZe y-135(9)? pm-235
oHom& y-65(5)? pm-131
oGu©mw y-230(14)? pm-317
[
[d&d y-166(11)? pm-268

E:BHL\Myaing(vhr)\AriyaVocabulary\Tja_(vocabulary)\Ñriya\ ariyar vocabulary.pm6
(13:00hr.,11 th jul 2004-sym)

(၀၅) အရိယဝေါဟာရတ္ထကထာ

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

(၀၅) အရိယဝေါဟာရတ္ထကထာ

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxm

1365ckESpf 0gacgifvjynfhausmf 10&uf

S 2003ckESpf Mo*kwfv 22&uf

(jzefYa0&efr[kwf? avYvmaqG;aEG; usifYyGm;&eftwGufom jzpfonf)

(jzefYa0&efr[kwf? avYvmaqG;aEG; usifYyGm;&eftwGufom jzpfonf)

(jzefYa0&efr[kwf? avYvmaqG;aEG; usifYyGm;&eftwGufom jzpfonf)

ÓaPm = "r®0d[m&D? *kPfxl;csDí? onDbGJUac:? &] iS Ó

(jzefYa0&efr[kwf? avYvmaqG;aEG; usifYyGm;&eftwGufom jzpfonf)

(jzefYa0&efr[kwf? avYvmaqG;aEG; usifYyGm;&eftwGufom jzpfonf)

]t&d,a0g[m&w¬uxmed'gef;}-tjzpf uREkyf w f kdY\ ,kHMunf

uREfkyfwdkYq&mawmfonf odp&m&SdorQudk vHk;0ukefpif

q&mawmfonf udk,fwdkifavQmufzl;aomvrf;? udk,fwdkif

(jzefYa0&efr[kwf? avYvmaqG;aEG; usifYyGm;&eftwGufom jzpfonf)

tjrwfqHk;vlom; jzpfap&eftwGuf bk&m;oQifonf Owå&d

avmuw&m;rsm;um; umr? ½ly? t½ly [laom bHkoHk;yg;

(jzefYa0&efr[kwf? avYvmaqG;aEG; usifYyGm;&eftwGufom jzpfonf)

y#dpöorkyÜg'f usKd ;aMumif;qufukd odaomÓPfonf "r®|wd d

xdkYaMumifh ]w&m;udkov d Qif bk&m;udko\ d / w&m;udkjrifvQif

þodkY "r®|dwdÓPfESifh "r®mEG,ÓPfudk &&SdodjrifNyD;aom

(jzefYa0&efr[kwf? avYvmaqG;aEG; usifYyGm;&eftwGufom jzpfonf)

"r®pMuma'oemawmft& tpGef;w&m;ESpfyg;um; umruH

tuREfkyw f kdY\ q&mawmfonf "r®|w d Ó

(jzefYa0&efr[kwf? avYvmaqG;aEG; usifYyGm;&eftwGufom jzpfonf)

bk&m;a[monfhw&m;um; opömav;yg;w&m; jzpf\/ r*f

xdkYjyif pum;wefqmqifrI o'´gvuFm&ESihf pum;eufwefqm

uREfkyfwdkYonf ygVdyd#uwf rwwfí pdwfysuftm;i,fzG,f

(jzefYa0&efr[kwf? avYvmaqG;aEG; usifYyGm;&eftwGufom jzpfonf)

odkY&mwGif y&rw¬opöm[laom a0g[m&udk tbd"r®m

(jzefYa0&efr[kwf? avYvmaqG;aEG; usifYyGm;&eftwGufom jzpfonf)

]ig-olwyg;-a,musfm;-rdef;r r&Sd? ½kyfemrfom&Sdonf}-

xdkusrf;ü ]opödu| y&raw¬e yk*¾avm EkyvAÇwd}

(jzefYa0&efr[kwf? avYvmaqG;aEG; usifYyGm;&eftwGufom jzpfonf)

]t&d,r*¾i&f Spyf g;}-wGif vlYtonf;ESvHk;ESihf wlonfh

(jzefYa0&efr[kwf? avYvmaqG;aEG; usifYyGm;&eftwGufom jzpfonf)

vlom;wdkY udk,Ef IwEf SvHk;ajzmifhrwfí ½dk;om;jzLpifonfh t&d

(jzefYa0&efr[kwf? avYvmaqG;aEG; usifYyGm;&eftwGufom jzpfonf)

]ig-ol-a,musmf ;-rde;f r-yk*¾Kd vf-owå0g} [lonf orkwd

t&d,opömtkwfjrpfwGif tajccsí wnfaqmufxm;onfh

avmukwå&mr*¾"r®u oGmu©mw ponfh *kPaf wmfajcmufyg;

(jzefYa0&efr[kwf? avYvmaqG;aEG; usifYyGm;&eftwGufom jzpfonf)

Ak'¨0ifESihf Zmwfawmfrsm;um; oów? £ó&edr®me? ykaAÁ

þodkY tbd"r®mudk ta&mifwifí y&rw¬opömudk t&m0if

(jzefYa0&efr[kwf? avYvmaqG;aEG; usifYyGm;&eftwGufom jzpfonf)

ZmwuESihfAk'¨0HowdkYum; ZmwfESihf0w¬Krsm;omjzpfí Zmwf

(jzefYa0&efr[kwf? avYvmaqG;aEG; usifYyGm;&eftwGufom jzpfonf)

jA[®Zmvokww f iG f ajcmufq,fhESpyf g;aom rdpämt,l

þodkY Ak'¨bk&m;oQif\ t&d,opömudk arS;rdSeaf ysmufuG,af p

(jzefYa0&efr[kwf? avYvmaqG;aEG; usifYyGm;&eftwGufom jzpfonf)

'ge? oDv? bm0em paom yknBud,mrsm;udk jyK&mü tjrif

0¥ukodkvf? 0d0¥ukodkvf? omoemyukodkvf ESifh omoem

y#dpöorkyÜg'fw&m;onf 'ku©jzpfyHk? csKyfyHkukd tus,af 0zefjy

(jzefYa0&efr[kwf? avYvmaqG;aEG; usifYyGm;&eftwGufom jzpfonf)

]pwkopö0ed rd kawåm "ar®memr ew¬}d -

omoemawmfü oH*g,emordki;f udk avhvmaomtcg yxr

(jzefYa0&efr[kwf? avYvmaqG;aEG; usifYyGm;&eftwGufom jzpfonf)

bk&m;a[m "r®ESih0f ed ,wdkYukd tbd"r®mESihf tbd0ed ,wdkYtjzpf

xdkYaMumifh Zmwut|uxmESifh tbd"r®t|uxmwdkYvm

(jzefYa0&efr[kwf? avYvmaqG;aEG; usifYyGm;&eftwGufom jzpfonf)

tbd"r®y#dpöorkyÜg'f avhvmu 'ku©opömudk odjrifzdkY&ef

bk&m;oQifonf bk&m;jzpfpü aAm"dyif0ef;usicf kepfXmewdkYü

(jzefYa0&efr[kwf? avYvmaqG;aEG; usifYyGm;&eftwGufom jzpfonf)

pwkwåowåm[wGif &wemC&pHtrd üf bk&m;&Sio f nf tbd

oHo&m0#f'ku©ESifh oHo&m0#frS uRwfvGwfaponfY t&d,

avmukwå&mr¾"r®u oGmu©mw ponfh kPaf wmfajcmufyg;

jrwfpGmbk&m;u ]tma&ms y&rm vmbm}-pwJYgxm ½Gwf