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Fish Disease Technique:

Disease Diagnostic Methods

Tirawat Rairat, B.Sc. (Pharm), Ph.D.


Department of Fishery Biology
Faculty of Fisheries
Kasetsart University
Fish Disease Diagnosis
1. Gross examination
2. Light microscope
3. Bacteriology
4. Virology
5. Histopathology
6. PCR

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Gross Examination

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Gross examination
(external lesions)

Exophthalmos/Exophthalmia

Abdominal distension

Emaciation
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Gross examination
(external lesions)

Gill necrosis

Skin ulcers
Skin haemorrhage 5
Gross examination
(internal lesions)

Larval Diphyllobothrium sp. in


coelomic cavity

Haemorrhage in muscle and viscera

Nodular lesions in the posterior kidney


(due to bacterial kidney disease)
Anguillicoloides spp. infection in the swim bladder 6
Light Microscope

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Wet mount
(skin biopsy)

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Wet mount
(gill biopsy)

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Wet mount
(fin biopsy)

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Wet mount
(tissue squash)

Normal liver of tilapia

Granulomas in liver of tilapia infected


with Francisella spp.
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Blood examination

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Bacteriology

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Bacterial isolation

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Bacterial identification

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Virology

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Cytopathic effects (CPE)

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Electron microscopy

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Histopathology

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Histopathology procedures

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Tetrahymenosis Viral nervous necrosis

Epitheliocystis Epizootic ulcerative syndrome


Polymerase Chain
Reaction (PCR)

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DNA amplification by PCR

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Gel electrophoresis

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Real time PCR

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Real time PCR

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