Health Management071064 Dr. Niti

Current Status and Problems
in Shrimpfarming Industry in Thailand
Assoc.Prof. Dr. Niti Chuchird
Aquaculture Business Research Center

Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University
กา Thailand Shrimp Production 2012-19
Years Shrimp Production (Mt)
2012 540,000
2013 250,000
2014 210,000
2015 230,000
2016 260,000
2017 255,000
2018 272,000
2019 274,000

Situation of Shrimp Industry in 2020
• Global economic crisis

• Impact on the shrimp price
• Stable demand, press for lower prices
• Force to reduce the cost of production
Total 2,237,000 MT.
- 443,000 MT.
https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2020/09/15/pandemic-could-wipe-600000t-off-2020-global-farmed-shrimp-production
Global Supply of Shrimp 2020
https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2020/09/15/ pandemic-could-wipe-600000t-off-2020-global-farmed-shrimp-production
Total Production 3.2 mil. Mt (-16%)

Major Shrimp Importers & Exporters (2020)
GSMC Meeting: January 2020, Florida, USA
• International Demand 2.6 mil. Mt

• India (24%), Ecuador (19%), Vietnam (10%)
Factors essential for successful shrimp culture
1. Good quality postlarvae (SPF)

➢ Reach 10 g within 60-65 days
➢ 17 g within 90 days
➢ 25 g within120-130 days
➢ Stocking density 90-120 PL/m2
2. Good water and pond management

3. Good disease prevention
4. Biosecurity system

The age of larvae for stocking
- PL10 or more

Transportation of larvae
100 liters/tank
- not more than 2,000 PL/ literwater

- long distance 1,000 PL/ literwater
Stocking good larvae
Count the larvae, to avoid over stocking

Good water preparation
The water must be filtered to prevent disease carriers and

shrimp predators from entering into the pond.

Water treatment
1. Apply effective chemicals to kill all diseases

carriers and pathogens in the pond
2. After 7 days, apply dolomite or inorganic

fertiliser to encourage plankton bloom
3. Additional lime can be add to adjust pH

before stocking

Feed Manangement
Feed accounts for 50% of the operating costs.
- Do not feed for maximum production

- Reduce feeding to maintain good water
qualities
Feeding program (100,000 PL)
The feeding for the first month is based on daily
increments.
Thereafter increases in feed amounts are as
shown in this table.
Day 1 2.5 kg
Day 2-7 100g/day
Day 8-14 200g/day
Day 15-30 300g/day
Percentage Feeding Program
The relative feeding rates Shrimp
%
decrease during the production weight (g)
cycle since the shrimp eat 2 9.5
proportionnally less as they grow. 3 5.8
5 5.3
Shrimp consume a smaller 7 4.1
proportion of their body weight/day. 10 3.3
12 3.0
The feed requirement is calculated 15 2.6
from the average body weight,and 20 2.1
estimated biomass. 25 1.5
30 1.3
Automatic feeder
➢ Reduce the use of man power

➢ Proper use can reduce FCR

How to reduce FCR?
❖ Release of feed in small amount from

automatic feeder
❖ Before precipitation the feed is being consumed
by the shrimp
❖ Quantity of feed can be well controlled

7.00AM to 20.00 PM
Traditional culture technic
consistent phytoplankton bloom

22
Consistent phytoplankton bloom
• Traditional culture technic;

most popular and common technic
used since the beginning
• Essential factors
• High dissolved O2
• Adjust position of aerators to create clean
pond bottom
• Suitable pH 7.8-8.2
24
Adjust position of aerators
Create water current

Clean pond bottom after harvest

Suitable pH 7.8-8.2
www.themegallery.com Company Logo

Phytoplankton over bloom
Feed left over

Phytoplankton overbloom
Phytoplankton died

Death phytoplankton in gill of shrimp

Check Water Transparency
35-45 cm
Microorganisms for controlling organic matter
Bacillus spp is used to control organic matter

within the pond.

Good Water Qualities
۞Alkalinity> 100 ppm.

۞ pH 7.8-8.2
۞ Salinity 3-45 ppt.
۞ Ammonia < 0.1 ppm.
۞ Nitrite < 0.01 ppm.

www.themegallery.com Company Logo
กา Key Concern
Farmers prefer larvae from fast-growth broodstocks

กา Growth Rate of Pacific White Shrimp in Thailand (g)
Culture
Period 2005 2010 2014-2020
(Days)
60 10> 11 – 12g 16 – 20g
80 11 – 12 13 - 15 21 – 25
90 12 – 13 16 - 18 26 – 33
*100 14 – 17 19 - 23 34 – 37
120 18 – 20 22 - 27 38 – 50
130 19 – 22 28 – 32 -
*ADG / 100 day 0.14 – 0.17 0.19 – 0.23 0.30 – 0.40

กา
Why Fast-growth Shrimp?
Advantages
• Faster growth rate
• Shorter culture period
Disadvantages
• Molt frequently
• Easily get infected

How to Culture Fast-growth Shrimp?
• Require a good and stable environment

• Control Organic Matters, Bacteria
38
Aquaculture Business Research Center 38
Good Quality Shrimp Feed
N. Chuchird
• Easy to digest and absorb

• Stored as energy in the hepatopancreas
39
Aquaculture Business Research Center 39
Problems of Shrimp Feed
• Fish Meal Replacement

❖ Soybean meal
❖ Hepatopancreas abnomality
N. Chuchird
White Feces Syndrome Associated with Vibrio spp
N. Chuchird
• Vibrio parahaemolyticus
• V. fluvialis
• V. vulnificus
• V. mimicus
Early Mortality Syndrome (EMS) in 2011
Found 12-20 days after stocking

Related to Vibrio spp especially
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Early Mortality Syndrome (EMS)
Found high number of Vibrio bacteria in

postlarvae before stocking.

Larvae selection
• Free from Vibrio causing EMS

Dark hepatopancreas
A lot of lipid
droplets
Healthy hepatopancreas
Small pale colour
Less lipid droplets

Unhealthy hepatopancreas
กา Healthy larvae
Complete hepatopancreas
Vibrio green colony< 100 cfu / 1 g.
Vibrio yellow colony<1,000 cfu/ 1 g.
กา Shrimp died after 40 days
Shrimp get infected with EMS bacteria after

stocking.

กา Contamination of Vibrio causing EMS in the pond
- Water
- Sediment

กา Stock with older larvae
Big size shrimp have more resistant to Vibrio

infection compared with small size shrimp.

กา Nursing larvae before stocking
Nursing for 10-30 days

Vibrio causing EMS contamination in the larvae
and quality of larvae will be monitored.
Only the healthy larvae will be stocked into culture ponds.
Clear water system
• Operate central drain
• High water exchange rate
• Aerator 60-120 hp/hectare
• Maintain high DO > 5 ppm all the time
• limitation for small farmers?
54
กา Reduce the risk of bacterial diseases
More exchanged water

Reservoir > 50%

56
Operate central drain

Properly positioned aerations

Properly positioned aerations
- All of feed left over must go to the central drain

Sedimentation pond is needed.
The sludge settlement pond area should be
about 5% of total pond area.

Clear water system
Natural water
Sedimentation pond (4 hectare)
Trichlorfon 2 ppm
Treatment pond (6 hectare) Copper Sulfate 2 ppm
Chlorine 16 ppm
Culture pond Culture pond Culture pond

< 940,000 < 940,000 < 940,000
shrimp/hectare shrimp/hectare shrimp/hectare
Sedimentation pond
Treatment pond
Trichlorfon 2 ppm
Copper Sulfate 2 ppm
Chlorine 16 ppm
Culture pond
< 940,000
shrimp/hectare
กา DO must be maintain > 5 ppm
Maintain dissolve oxygen > 5 ppm

Beware of WSSV infection
High risk of WSSV outbreak

กา Water must be treated before used
Disinfected the water before

pumping into the treatment pond

Water must be treated before used
Water must be filtered and pumped

into treatment pond.

Water must be treated before used
Eliminate viruses carriers and organic matters

Remark: Clear water system
- DO must be over 5 ppm.

- All sediment must be pumped out of culture
pond every day
- Stocked only healthy grow fast shrimp
Remark: Clear water system
Small pond ( 0.4 hectare )

High cost ; ADG of shrimp > 0.2 g/d
Survival rate >75 %
Super Intensive Model
One pond size 200 metric ton

Density 7,000-10,000 shrimp/ 1 ton of water

(1,400,000 shrimp/pond)

Automatic feeder every 2 hrs.

Temperature 32-33 degrees Celsius
Exchange water 100%/day
Nursing 20-25 days ( shrimp size 1.5 g.)

- Pond size 3,200 square meter(0.32 hectares)

- Density 1,400,000 shrimp/pond
- Exchage water 50%/day

- Culture 50-60 days (Partial harvest)
- Production 8-10 metric ton
- FCR = 1.0

กา Recycle with fish (Tawee Farm)
- Salinity < 10 ppt

- Shrimp 300,000pc/hectare
- Tilapia 1,200 pc/hectare
- Tilapia control
phytoplankton + feed
left over

กา
Tawee Farm
Apply effective chemicals to kill all diseases

carriers and pathogens in the pond
กา
Tawee Farm
DO > 4 ppm
กา
Tawee Farm
Automatic feeder , High protein feed

Feeding from 7.00 am to 20.00 pm
กา
Tawee Farm

กา
Tawee Farm
40 days/ 70 pc/kg.
Recycle system with fish
• Salinity <15 ppt for Nile tilapia

• Shrimp 300,000 – 375,000 pc/hectare
• Fish 1,250 pc/hectare
84
Thank you

Health Management071064 Dr. Niti

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Health Management071064 Dr. Niti

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Current Status and Problems

in Shrimpfarming Industry in Thailand

Assoc.Prof. Dr. Niti Chuchird

Aquaculture Business Research Center

Aquaculture Business Research Center

• Global economic crisis

Total Production 3.2 mil. Mt (-16%)

GSMC Meeting: January 2020, Florida, USA

• International Demand 2.6 mil. Mt

1. Good quality postlarvae (SPF)

2. Good water and pond management

Aquaculture Business Research Center

Aquaculture Business Research Center

- not more than 2,000 PL/ literwater

Aquaculture Business Research Center

The water must be filtered to prevent disease carriers and

Aquaculture Business Research Center

1. Apply effective chemicals to kill all diseases

2. After 7 days, apply dolomite or inorganic

3. Additional lime can be add to adjust pH

Aquaculture Business Research Center

Feed accounts for 50% of the operating costs.

- Do not feed for maximum production

➢ Reduce the use of man power

Aquaculture Business Research Center

❖ Release of feed in small amount from

Aquaculture Business Research Center

consistent phytoplankton bloom

• Traditional culture technic;

Create water current

Aquaculture Business Research Center

Aquaculture Business Research Center

www.themegallery.com Company Logo

Feed left over

Aquaculture Business Research Center

Aquaculture Business Research Center

Aquaculture Business Research Center

Bacillus spp is used to control organic matter

Aquaculture Business Research Center

۞Alkalinity> 100 ppm.

Aquaculture Business Research Center

Farmers prefer larvae from fast-growth broodstocks

Aquaculture Business Research Center

Aquaculture Business Research Center

Aquaculture Business Research Center

• Require a good and stable environment

• Easy to digest and absorb

• Fish Meal Replacement

Found 12-20 days after stocking

Found high number of Vibrio bacteria in

Aquaculture Business Research Center

• Free from Vibrio causing EMS

Aquaculture Business Research Center

Less lipid droplets

Shrimp get infected with EMS bacteria after

Aquaculture Business Research Center

Aquaculture Business Research Center

Big size shrimp have more resistant to Vibrio

Aquaculture Business Research Center

Nursing for 10-30 days

• limitation for small farmers?

More exchanged water

Aquaculture Business Research Center