Lower 6 Chemistry Ainsley Boodram

Lab 1 CAPE skill: Analysis and Interpretation.

Aim: To determine the concentration of hydrochloric acid using standard sodium carbonate solution.

Apparatus and materials: 5.30 g dm-3 sodium carbonate solution (Na2CO3), hydrochloric acid, burette,
funnel, retort stand, 25 cm^3 pipette, methyl orange indicator, distilled water, conical flask, measuring
cylinder, white tile, beakers.

Procedure:

1. Fill to a convenient mark with the acid and record the initial burette reading.

2. Pipette 25.0 cm3 of the sodium carbonate solution into a conical flask and add two drops of methyl
orange.

3. Titrate to a faint pink colour and record the final burette reading.

4. Repeat steps 1-3 to obtain at least two accurate titration results.

5. Record results in a suitable table.

Results:

Volume of pipette = 25.0 cm3

Indicator: methyl orange

Burette readings

Titration number 1 2 3 4
Final reading/cm3 34.20 33.50 33.80 33.50
Initial 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00
reading/cm3
Volume of acid 24.2 23.5 23.8 23.5
added/cm3
• Complete the table and obtain the average of two accurate titrations.

Average volume of acid added = 23.5cm 3

Data Analysis:
(Relative atomic mass: H = 1, C = 12, O = 16, Na = 23, Cl = 35.5)

1. Calculate the number of moles of sodium carbonate in 1 dm3.

Na2CO3

2[23]+[12] +3[16}

=106 g mol-1

2. Calculate the number of moles of sodium carbonate in 25.0 cm3 .

1000cm3 Na2CO3------>0.05 mol

1cm3-------->0.05/1000

25.0cm3----->[0.05/1000]x25.0

=0.00125 moles of Na2CO3 in 25.0cm3

3. Write a balanced equation, with state symbols, for the reaction of sodium carbonate and hydrochloric
acid.

Na2CO3(s)+2HCL (aq)---------->2Nacl(aq)+H2O(l)+CO2(g).

4. Using the equation, calculate the number of moles of hydrochloric acid that reacted with the number
of moles of sodium carbonate in (2).

1 mole of Na2CO3-------->2 moles of HCL

1 mole of Na2CO3--------->2/1 moles of HCL

0.00125 moles of Na2CO3------> [2/1]x 0.00125 moles of HCL

=0.0025 Moles of HCL.

5. Calculate the number of moles of hydrochloric acid in 1 dm3 .

25.0 cm3 of HCL-------->0.0025 moles of HCL

1cm3 of HCL-------->0.0025/25.0 moles of HCL

1000cm3 of HCL---------->[0.0025/25.0]x 1000 mole HCL

=0.1 mole of HCL

6.Calculate the number of grams of hydrochloric acid in 1 dm3 .

Mass= Moles x Molar mass HCL=1+35.5 =36.5 g mol ^-1

= 0.1 x 36.5

=3.65 g

Precautions:

1.Read all equipment at eye level to avoid parallax error.

2. Air bubbles present in the nozzle of the burette should be removed before taking the initial reading.

3.Place the conical flask in front of the white tile to see when the colour changes.

4. Wash all apparatus with distilled H2O before each titration.

Reflection;
I did mole calculations. I also learnt that an Indicator a substance (weak acid) that has
distinctively different colors in acidic and basic media. In this titration lab I also learnt via
research that not all indicators change color at the same pH, so the choice of indicator for a
particular titration depends on the strength of the acid and base. An indicator is chosen whose
end point range lies on the steep part of the curve.

Conclusion:

IN conclusion, the concentration of HCL was calculated to be 0.1 mol dm 3.