MODULE 2 Naismith approached the school janitor, hoping he

HISTORY OF BASKETBALL could find two, 18-inch square boxes to use as

goals. The janitor came back with two peach
baskets instead. Naismith then nailed them to the
lower rail of the gymnasium balcony, one at each
Basketball is built into the fabric of Springfield
end. The height of that lower balcony rail happened
College. The game was invented by Springfield
to be ten feet. A man was stationed at each end of
College instructor and graduate student James
the balcony to pick the ball from the basket and put
Naismith in 1891, and has grown into the worldwide
it back into play. It wasn’t until a few years later that
athletic phenomenon we know it to be today.
the bottoms of those peach baskets were cut to let
the ball fall loose.
It was the winter of 1891-1892. Inside a gymnasium
at Springfield College (then known as the
Naismith then drew up the 13 original rules, which
International YMCA Training School), located in
described, among other facets, the method of
Springfield, Mass., was a group of restless college
moving the ball and what constituted a foul. A
students. The young men had to be there; they
referee was appointed. The game would be divided
were required to participate in indoor activities to
into two, 15-minute halves with a five-minute
burn off the energy that had been building up since
resting period in between. Naismith’s secretary
their football season ended. The gymnasium class
typed up the rules and tacked them on the bulletin
offered them activities such as marching,
board. A short time later, the gym class met, and
calisthenics, and apparatus work, but these were
the teams were chosen with three centers, three
pale substitutes for the more exciting games of
forwards, and three guards per side. Two of the
football and lacrosse they played in warmer
centers met at mid-court, Naismith tossed the ball,
seasons.
and the game of “basket ball” was born.

As Naismith, a second-year graduate student who

 13 Original Rules·
had been named to the teaching faculty, looked at
The ball may be thrown in any direction with one or
his class, his mind flashed to the summer session
both hands.· The ball may be batted in any
of 1891, when Gulick introduced a new course in
direction with one or both hands, but never with the
the psychology of play. In class discussions, Gulick
fist.· A player cannot run with the ball. The player
had stressed the need for a new indoor game, one
must throw it from the spot on which he catches it,
“that would be interesting, easy to learn, and easy
allowance to be made for a man running at good
to play in the winter and by artificial light.” No one in
speed.· The ball must be held in or between the
the class had followed up on Gulick’s challenge to
hands. The arms or body must not be used for
invent such a game. But now, faced with the end of
holding it.· No shouldering, holding, pushing,
the fall sports season and students dreading the
striking or tripping in any way of an opponent. The
mandatory and dull required gymnasium work,
first infringement of this rule by any person shall
Naismith had a new motivation.
count as a foul; the second shall disqualify him until
the next goal is made or, if there was evident intent
So Naismith went to work. His charge was to create
to injure the person, for the whole of the game. No
a game that was easy to assimilate, yet complex
substitution shall be allowed.
enough to be interesting. It had to be playable
indoors or on any kind of ground, and by a large
 The referee shall be the judge of the ball and
number of players all at once. It should provide
decide when it is in play in bounds, to which side it
plenty of exercise, yet without the roughness of
belongs, and shall keep the time. He shall decide
football, soccer, or rugby since those would
when a goal has been made and keep account of
threaten bruises and broken bones if played in a
the goals with any other duties that are usually
confined space.
performed by a referee.· The time shall be two 15-
minute halves with five minutes' rest between.· The
side making the most goals in that time shall be
declared the winners.
The First Ball
The very first ball that was used was a soccer ball
until 1940 when an actual “basketball” was
invented. The basketball was slightly smaller, about
thirty inches in diameter
The Basket
The first baskets that were used were two peach
baskets that were hung from the balcony of the
gym. By 1906, the peach baskets were replaced by
metal baskets with holes in the bottom. In 1913, a
hoop with a net was invented so the basketball
could fall freely to the ground
Backboard
Players Allowed
In 1897, the number of players allowed on the court
was reduced to five on each team. A team
consisted of a center, two forward and two guards.
At the beginning, there were allowing six, seven
and even eight players on each team.
 Harlem Globe Trotters Basketball became
popular because of the Harlem Globetrotters. Abe
Saperstein created the Harlem Globetrotters in
1927.They were an all-Negro team, which toured
the world to promote basketball. There was no city
too big or too small for the them to play at.
How the NBA was formed.
In 1946, the Basketball Association of America
was formed but it did not go well because it was
competing against the National Basketball League.
But in 1949, the Basketball Association of America
and the National Basketball League joined
together. They changed their name to the National
Basketball Association (NBA).
Aspects of the Game that changed
In the 1930’s, Kenny Sailor invented the jump shot.
He realized that he could shoot over taller players if
he jumped while he was shooting.Also in the
1940’s, Bob Kurland use to block shots, which led
to the rule of “goaltending”.
 In 1952 the foul lane was widened and the three-
second rule was put into affect so centers could not
station themselves in front of the basket all the
time. In 1954, the twenty-four second shot clock
was introduced to eliminating the “stalling
technique” used by teams so that they could keep
the lead in the game. The three-point line was
introduced in 1967.
Great Players to Ever Play the Game
Michael Jordan, Julius Erving aka Dr. J, Larry Bird,
Earvin “Magic” Johnson, Kobe Bryant, Lebron
James and many more
MODULE 3
Facilities and Equipment in
Basketball
Basketball Court
The basketball court is the next important thing for
shooting balls in this game. The court is usually
made of wooden floorboard. The court size is about
28m x 15m according to the International
standards. The National Basketball Association
(NBA) regulation states the floor dimension as 29m
x 15m. The standard court is rectangular in shape
and has baskets placed on opposite ends.
The Ball
The most important thing for training is the ball.
There are certain guidelines which one needs to
follow when buying a basketball. For practicing, one
can play with a rubber ball. For professional
competitions, one needs to use an inflated ball
made of leather.
Official size of a basketball is 29.5 to 30 inches in
circumference for men’s game and 28.5 inches in
circumference for women’s game. It should weigh
18 to 22 ounces. When bounced off 6 feet from the
floor, a well inflated ball should bounce 49 to 54
inches in height.
The Ring/Goal and Boards
The hoop or basket is is attached to a net and
helps one score a point. The rim is mounted about
4 feet inside the baseline and 10 feet above the
court. The circumference of the rim is 18 inches in
diameter.
The Backboard
The backboard is the rectangular board that is
placed behind the rim. It helps give better rebound
to the ball. The backboard is about 72”/182 cm in
size horizontally and 48”/121.9cm vertically. Many
times, backboards are made of acrylic,aluminum ,
steel or glass.
MODULE 4
Rules and Regulations of the
Game
 Violations - A violation is an infraction of
the rules
Player out-of-bounds and ball out-of-bounds
A player is out-of-bounds when any part of his body
is in contact with the floor, or any object other than
a player above, on or outside the boundary line.
Travelling
Travelling is the illegal movement of one foot or
both feet beyond the limits outlined in this article, in
any direction, while holding a live ball on the
playing court.
3 seconds
A player shall not remain in the opponents'
restricted area for more than 3 consecutive
seconds while his team is in control of a live ball in
the frontcourt and the game clock is running.
 
Closely guarded player
A player who is holding a live ball on the playing
court is closely guarded when an opponent is in an
active legal guarding position at a distance of no
more than 1m.
8 seconds
A player in the backcourt gains control of a live
ball,
On a throw-in, the ball touches or is legally
touched by any player in the back-court and the
team of that player taking the throw-in remains in
control of the ball in its backcourt.
24 seconds
When a shot for a field goal is attempted near the
end of the 24-second period and the shot clock
signal sounds while the ball is in the air:
• If the ball enters the basket, no violation has
occurred, the signal shall be disregarded and the
goal shall count.
Ball returned to the backcourt
A team is in control of a live ball in their frontcourt if
• a player of that team is touching his
frontcourt with both feet while holding, catching or
dribbling the ball in his frontcourt, or
• the ball is passed between the players of
that team in their frontcourt.
 
 Fouls - A foul is an infraction of the rules • Excessive, hard contact caused by a player in an
concerning illegal personal contact with an effort to play the ball.
opponent and/or unsportsmanlike behaviour. Disqualifying foul
Contact: General principles A disqualifying foul is any flagrant unsportsmanlike
The cylinder principle is defined as the space within action by a player or team bench personnel.
an imaginary cylinder occupied by a player on the  Fighting
floor. It includes the space above the player and is Fighting is physical interaction between 2 or more
limited to: opponents (players and team bench personnel).
• The front by the palms of the hands,
• The rear by the buttocks, and MODULE 6
• The sides by the outer edge of the arms and BASIC SKILLS IN BASKETBALL
legs.
Dribbling
Personal foul
Dribbling is an important skill for all basketball
A personal foul is a player’s illegal contact with an
players. This skill will allow you to move up and
opponent, whether the ball is live or dead.
down the court, maneuver past defenders and
A player shall not hold, block, push, charge, trip or
execute plays. Proper dribbling requires ball-
impede the progress of an opponent by extending
handling skills and knowledge of how to spread
his hand, arm, elbow, shoulder, hip, leg, knee or
your fingers for ball control. It is also best if you
foot, nor by ben-ding his body into an 'abnormal'
know how to dribble equally well with both hands.
position (outside his cylinder), nor shall he indulge
in any rough or violent play.
1. Point Guard
 
2. Shooting Guard
Double foul
3. Small forward
A double foul is a situation in which 2 opponents
4. Power Forward
commit personal fouls against each other at
5.
approximately the same time.
Shooting
Technical Foul
In order to score points in basketball, you need to
A technical foul is a player non-contact foul of a
shoot the ball into the hoop. This requires the ability
behavioural nature including, but not limited to:
to properly hold and throw the ball into the air
• Disregarding warnings given by officials.
toward the basket while avoiding defenders. A
• Disrespectfully touching the officials, the
proper shot requires precise aiming, arm extension
commissioner, the table officials or the team bench
and lift from the legs. There are different types of
personnel.
shots you need to learn, including jump shots,
• Disrespectfully communicating with the officials,
layups and free throws.
the commissioner, the table officials or the
opponents.
Passing
• Using language or gestures likely to offend or
Passing is another skill that when mastered can
incite the spectators.
help you become a complete basketball player.
• Baiting an opponent or obstructing his vision by
Basketball is a team sport that involves finding a
waving his hands near his eyes.
teammate who is open for a shot. The ability to
• Excessive swinging of elbows.
pass the ball to this player can make the difference
between scoring and not scoring. Really great
Unsportsmanlike foul
passers are an important part of a basketball team
An unsportsmanlike foul is a player contact foul
and usually the ones who set up scoring plays.
which, in the judgement of an official is:
• Not a legitimate attempt to directly play the ball
The chest pass is typically considered the safest
within the spirit and intent of the rules.
and most direct pass in basketball. The ball handler
typically brings the ball up to, or close to the center Running is a big part of basketball. In a full-court
of their chest with both hands, thumbs positioned game, you will find yourself running back and forth
behind it, and "pushes" the ball directly to another as the game quickly transitions between offense
player. When pushing the ball forward, the thumbs and defense. When you have the ball, running will
also push underneath the ball, creating a bit of spin help you to avoid defenders and get to the basket
to keep the ball up. Because of the nature of the quicker. On defense, you often will find yourself
pass, a pass from the chest is always made in a needing to run after the opponent, especially during
straight line, quickly, and takes the shortest route to fast breaks.
the intended recipient.
The bounce pass is one of the most (if not most)
effective techniques for moving the ball around.
Although it may seem simple, the bounce pass is
very hard to defend against if done properly. Unlike
a pass thrown in the air, it’s not as easy to project
the path of a bounce pass. A player can either
bounce the ball with two-hands or one, but may
also add some spin to the ball when bouncing it in
order to get the ball to curve around defenders.

Overhead pass
This is a type of pass in basketball where the player
holds the ball over their head with both hands and
then tosses the ball to a teammate.
This type of pass is commonly used when the
player needs to make a strong and far pass.

Rebounding
Rebounds in basketball are a routine part in the
game; most possessions change after a shot is
successfully made, or the rebound allows the
defensive team to take possession. Rebounds are
also given to a player who tips in a missed shot on
his team's offensive end. A rebound can be
grabbed by either an offensive player or a
defensive player.

Rebounds are divided into two main categories:

"offensive rebounds", in which the ball is recovered
by the offensive side and does not change
possession, and "defensive rebounds", in which the
defending team gains possession. The majority of
rebounds are defensive because the team on
defense tends to be in better position to recover
missed shots. Offensive rebounds give the
offensive team another opportunity to score
whether right away or by resetting the offense.

Running