Coordinates: 42.6623635°N 83.

2856193°W

List of GM engines
This list of GM engines encompasses all engines manufactured by General Motors and used in their cars.

Contents
Divisions
Automotive gasoline engines
Two-cylinder
Three-cylinder
Inline-3
Four-cylinder
Inline-4
Flat-4
Five-cylinder
Six-cylinder
Inline-6
Flat-6
V6
Eight-cylinder
Inline-8
V8
Twelve-cylinder
Sixteen-cylinder
Gasoline-electric hybrid
Automotive diesel engines
Three-cylinder
Four-cylinder
Six-cylinder
Eight-cylinder
Other diesel engines
Locomotive engines
Marine/stationary diesel engines
Heavy and off-road diesel engines
Aircraft engines
Piston
Propfan
Turboprop
Turboshaft
Turbojet
See also
References

Divisions
When General Motors was created in 1908, it started out with Buick and soon after acquired Oldsmobile, Cadillac and
Oakland. There were dozens of other smaller companies that William Durant acquired during his first employment term
until he was let go due to financially overextending his purchases. He regained control when he brought on Chevrolet in
1917 which was short lived until he was let go for the second time. This meant that the different core brands designed and
manufactured their own engines with few interchangeable parts between brands, while sharing chassis, suspension and
transmissions. One of the companies Durant bought in 1909 was the Northway Motor and Manufacturing Company
founded by Ralph Northway who had previously supplied engines to Buick, Oakland, Cartercar and other 1900s
manufacturers, including V8 engines to Oldsmobile, Oakland and Cadillac.[1] When Durant bought companies that
became part of GM, Northway continued to supply engines to his former clients and added Cadillac, GMC and
Oldsmobile to the list, then Northway Motors became the Northway Motor and Manufacturing Division in 1925 and Share of the Northway Motors
became part of the GM Intercompany Parts Group.[2] When Fisher Body was bought in 1925, coachwork was shared and Corporation, issued 21. May 1920
with the introduction of the Art and Color Section also in the late 1920, GM products shared appearances. The core items
that made each brand unique were the engines. Buick and Chevrolet used overhead valves while Cadillac, Oldsmobile,
Oakland used side valve or flathead engines and the divisions no longer outsourced their engines and manufactured them according to particular brand
requirements. The original factory location was located at Maybury Grand Avenue and the G.T.R.R. in Detroit then later became GM truck Plant No. 7 in 1926 to
manufacture front and rear axles and parts for past model Chevrolets. Starting around 1925 engine blocks and cylinder heads were now developed at each brand
but were cast at Saginaw Metal Casting Operations.[3] In the mid-1960s, there were 8 separate families of GM V8 engines on sale in the USA.[4][1]
By the 1970s, GM began to see problems with their approach. For instance, four different North American divisions (Chevrolet, Pontiac, Oldsmobile and Buick)
offered four completely different versions of a 350 cu in V8 engine - very few parts would interchange between the four designs despite their visual similarities,
resulting in confusion for owners who naturally assumed that replacement parts would be usable across brands. In addition to these issues and the obvious overlap
in production costs, the cost of certifying so many different engines for tightening worldwide emissions regulations threatened to become very costly.

Thus, by the early 1980s, GM had consolidated its powertrain engineering efforts into a few distinct lines. Generally, North American and European engineering
units remained separate, with Australia's Holden and other global divisions borrowing designs from one or the other as needed. GM also worked out sharing
agreements with other manufacturers such as Isuzu and Nissan to fill certain gaps in engineering. Similarly, the company also purchased other automotive firms
(including Saab and Daewoo), eventually folding their engine designs into the corporate portfolio as well. GM later reorganized its Powertrain Division into GM
Global Propulsion Systems, located in Pontiac, Michigan.[5]

GM's German subsidiary, Opel, relies on a range of three-, four- and six-cylinder gasoline and diesel engines. A survey of their range shows a reliance on petrol
and diesel four-cylinders, and in 2014, there was only one 3-cylinder engine and one 6 cylinder engine in service in Opel's passenger car range.

In addition to automobile and truck engines, GM produced industrial engines, which were sold by brands such as Detroit Diesel, Allison, and Electro-Motive.
Most of these engine designs are unrelated to GM's automotive engines.

Automotive gasoline engines

Two-cylinder
1904-1911 Buick OHV flat-twin[6] World's first production overhead valve engine.
1909 Oakland vertical engine[7][8]

Three-cylinder

Inline-3
1991–present Daewoo M-TEC/S-TEC (acquired with purchase of Daewoo)
1984–present Suzuki G (designed and built by Suzuki)
Daewoo M-TEC inline-
1996–present GM Family 0
three engine
2013–present Small Gasoline Engine
2018–present GM E-Turbo engine

Four-cylinder

Inline-4
1905-1914 Cadillac Model D side-valve (acquired as part of the founding of GM) GM Family 1 inline-four
1906-1923 Oldsmobile Model S side-valve (acquired as part of the founding of GM) engine
1906-1911 Buick Model D inline-4[9] (T-head design, the only non-OHV Buick engine ever made)[10]
1909–1915, 1917-1918 Buick OHV[11] (Model 10 had OHV-4)
1917-1924 Buick Series 30 OHV 170 cu in (2.8 L) inline-4[12]
1909 Oakland Model 40[8][13] (acquired as part of the founding of GM)
1913-1928 Chevrolet inline-4 (acquired as part of Chevrolet's merger into GM)
1923 Chevrolet Series M Copper-Cooled
1937-1965 Opel Olympia OHV
Cadillac inline-four
1960-1963 Pontiac Trophy 4 (derived from the Pontiac 389)
engine
1961-1992 Chevrolet 153 (derived from the Chevrolet inline-six)
1962-1993 Opel OHV "Kadett"
1963-1983 Vauxhall Viva OHV
1965-1994 Opel CIH[14]
1966-1988 Vauxhall Slant-4
1970-1977 Chevrolet 2300 aluminium-block
1976-1993 Iron Duke (built by Pontiac)
Saab H inline-four engine
1979-1986 Starfire (built by Holden)
1976-1986 Isuzu G161? SOHC (A different Brazilian based engine was used in the Chevrolet Chevette)
1980–2014 Family II SOHC/DOHC (designed by Opel)[15][16][17]
1981-2003 GM 122/Vortec 2200
1981-2009 Saab H (acquired as part of Saab's merger into GM)
1982–present Family 1 SOHC/DOHC (designed by Opel)[18]
1987-2001 Quad 4 DOHC (produced by Oldsmobile)
1989-1997 Toyota A (4A-GE/4A-FE, used in the Geo Prizm)
1990-2002 Saturn I4 SOHC/DOHC
1996–present Family 0 "Ecotec" DOHC (designed by Opel)
2000–present L850 "Ecotec" DOHC (designed jointly by Opel, Saab, and GM Powertrain)
2003-2008 Toyota ZZ DOHC (Found in the 1st Gen Pontiac Vibe)
2009-2010 Toyota ZR DOHC (Found in the 2nd Gen Pontiac Vibe)
 2009-2010 Toyota AZ DOHC (Found in the 2nd Gen Pontiac Vibe)
2002–present Daewoo S-TEC SOHC/DOHC (acquired as part of Daewoo's merger into GM)
2003–2012 Atlas "Vortec" DOHC
2012–present Medium Gasoline "Ecotec" DOHC (designed by Opel)
2013–present Small Gasoline "Ecotec" DOHC (designed by Opel)
1995-2002 Suzuki G (used in the Chevrolet Tracker)
1995-2002 Suzuki J (used in the Chevrolet Tracker)
1990-1993 Isuzu X (used in the Geo Storm)
2018–present L3B

Flat-4
1989–2011 Subaru EJ (used in the Saab 9-2X)

Five-cylinder
2003–2012 Atlas "Vortec" inline-5

Six-cylinder

Inline-6 GM Atlas inline-five

engine
1908-1912 Oldsmobile Limited (acquired as part of the founding of GM)
1913-1923 Oakland Series 60
1913-1915 Oldsmobile Series 50
1914-1916 Buick Cast In Pairs
1916-1923 Buick Non-Removable-Head
1916-1927 Oldsmobile Series 30 inline-6
1923-1930 Buick Removable-Head
1923-1928 Oakland inline-6
Chevrolet Stovebolt
1926-1927 Pontiac Split-Head (also modified for GMC trucks)
inline-six engine
1928–1936 Chevrolet Stovebolt
1928-1950 Oldsmobile F-Series (also used in Buick Marquette)
1928–1954 Pontiac GMR (also modified for GMC trucks)
1930-1966 Opel inline-6 (as used in the Opel Kapitän)
1936–1962 Chevrolet Blue Flame inline-6 (also used in some GMC trucks)
1939–1962 GMC inline-6
1948-1962 Holden Grey
1962–2001 Chevrolet Turbo-Thrift
1963–1969 Pontiac Tempest (derived from the Chevrolet Generation 3)
1963-1980 Holden Red
1966-1993 Opel CIH
1980-1984 Holden Blue
1984-1986 Holden Black
1986-1988 Nissan RB30 (used in the Holden Commodore (VL))
1999-2011 Daewoo XK inline-6 (marketed as "E-TEC", used in Daewoo Magnus, via GM's purchase of Daewoo Motor)
2001–2009 Atlas "Vortec"

Flat-6
1960-1969 Chevrolet Turbo-Air 6 (developed and used exclusively for the Chevrolet Corvair)

V6
Chevrolet Corvair flat-six
1960-1974 GMC V6 engine
1960-2008 Buick V6 (marketed as "Fireball V6", "3800", "Dauntless V6" in 1966-1971 Jeeps, and "Ecotec")
1977–2013 General Motors 90° V6 engine (derived from the Chevrolet Small-Block" V8; now marketed as GM
Vortec V6)
1979–2010 GM 60-Degree V6
1994-2005 GM 54-Degree L-81 V6 (used in the Saturn Vue, Cadillac Catera and Saturn L series)
1995–present Suzuki H (used in several models built for GM by Suzuki)
2004–2008 Honda J (used in the Saturn Vue)
1998-2002 Northstar LX5 Buick V6 engine
2003–2011 GM High Value
2004–present GM High Feature
2014–present GM Generation V "Ecotec3"

Eight-cylinder
From the 1950s through the 1970s, each GM division had its own V8 engine family. Today, there are only two families of V8 engines in production for road
vehicles: the Generation IV small-block and its Generation V small-block derivative.

Inline-8
1931-1936 Buick Straight-8
1932-1948 Oldsmobile Straight-8
1932-1954 Pontiac Silver Streak
1934-1936 LaSalle
1936-1953 Buick Fireball Oldsmobile Rocket V8
engine

V8
1914-1935 Cadillac Type 51 (also used in the LaSalle)
1915-1917 Oakland Model 50
1915-1923 Oldsmobile Model 40
1917-1918 Chevrolet Series D (acquired as part of Chevrolet's merger into GM)
1929-1931 Viking V8 GM LS V8 engine
1930-1932 Oakland V8 (used in Pontiac models during its final year)
1935-1948 Cadillac Series 60 (also used in the LaSalle)
1948-1980 Cadillac OHV V8
1948-1990 Oldsmobile Rocket
1952-1980 Buick Fireball
1954-2003 Chevrolet Small-Block V8 "Generation I" (originally "Turbo-Fire")
1954-1980 Pontiac V8 (also modified for GMC Truck models)
1958-1965 Chevrolet W (also referred to as "Turbo-Thrust") Pontiac Silver Streak
1961-1963 GM Aluminum V8 (now better known as the Rover V8 and also the Repco V8 Formula One engine) eight engine
1965-2009 Chevrolet Big-Block V8 (originally "Turbo-Jet")
1966-1970s GMC Truck V8 (derived from the GMC V6)
1967-1984 Cadillac New V8
1969-1984 Holden 253
1969-2000 Holden 308 (stroke reduced in 1985, making it 304 cu in (5.0 l); 350 cu in (5.7 l) version also produced from mid 1994 for use by
HSV)
1981-1995 Cadillac HT
1990-1995 Chevrolet LT5 (exclusive to the Chevrolet Corvette ZR1)
1991–2010 Northstar V8 (also used in the Oldsmobile Aurora)
1992-1997 GM LT "Generation II"
1997–present GM LS small-block V8 (referred to as Generation III, IV, or V, depending on type)
2019 Cadillac twin-turbo V8

Twelve-cylinder
1930-1937 Cadillac Twelve (derived from the Cadillac Sixteen)
1960s-1966 GMC Twin Six (derived from the GMC V6)

Cadillac Twelve engine

Sixteen-cylinder
1930-1937 Cadillac Sixteen OHV
1937-1940 Cadillac Sixteen L-Head
2003 Cadillac Sixteen

Gasoline-electric hybrid
Voltec (used in the Chevrolet Volt)

Automotive diesel engines

Three-cylinder
2020–present

Four-cylinder
1970-1977 Opel 2.1 liter
1975-1981 Opel 2.0 liter
1982-1988 Opel Family II 1.6 liter (16DA/16D)
1982-1993 Opel 2.3 liter (23YD/23YDT/23DTR)[19]
1982-2000 Isuzu E (1.5 and 1.7 liter engines marketed as D or TD for Opel/Isuzu cars)
 1990–2014 Isuzu Circle L (marketed as Ecotec DTI, DI or CDTI; acquired via GM's takeover of DMAX)
1996–2005 Opel 2.0 and 2.2 liter SOHC 16V (X20DTL/X20DTH/Y20DTL/Y20DTH/X22DTL/X22DTH/Y22DTL/Y22DTH/Y22DTR) (marketed
as "Ecotec DTI" or "Ecotec DI")
2003–present Fiat 1.3 JTD (marketed as Ecotec CDTI or Ecotec depending on brand)
2003-2010 VM Motori RA 420 (marketed as Ecotec 2.0 CDTI or 2.0 VCDi depending on brand)
2004–2009 Fiat 1.9 JTD (marketed as Ecotec 1.9 CDTI or 1.9 TiD/TTiD depending on brand)
2008–present GM Family B "2.0 CDTI"
2011–present Family Z (marketed as "2.0", "2.2 VCDi" or "2.2 CDTI")
2012–present 2.5 and 2.8 litre Duramax[20]
2013–present GM Medium Diesel "1.6 CDTI Ecotec"[21]
2014–present GM Large Diesel "2.0 CDTI Ecotec"[22]

Six-cylinder
1980s-present Detroit Diesel 60 inline-6
1982-1985 Oldsmobile V6 Diesel 4.3L (the lesser-known counterpart to the infamous Oldsmobile 350 diesel)
1994-2003 BMW M51 2.5 liter (X25DT/U25DT/Y25DT)
2002–present DMAX V6 (acquired via GM's takeover of DMAX)
2019–present Duramax I6

Eight-cylinder
1977-1985 Oldsmobile Diesel engine
1982-2000 Detroit Diesel V8 6.2L and 6.5L (6.5L engines are still in production by AM General for use in Humvees and various marine
applications)
2001–present Duramax V8 (acquired via GM's 2003 takeover of DMAX)

Other diesel engines

GM entered the diesel field with its acquisition of the Cleveland-based Winton Engine Company in 1930. Winton's main client was
the Electro Motive Company, a producer of internal combustion-electric rail motorcars. GM acquired Electro Motive at roughly the
same time as Winton.

A partnership of GM's Research and Development Division and their Winton Engine Corporation delivered their first diesel engines
suitable for mobile use starting in 1934. The engines were also sold for marine and stationary applications. In a 1938 reorganization,
Winton Engine Corporation became the GM Cleveland Diesel Engine Division, and GM's Detroit Diesel Engine Division began
production of smaller (50–149 cu in (0.8–2.4 l) per cylinder) diesel engines. Locomotive engines were moved under the GM Electro Detroit Diesel Series 92
Motive Division (EMD) in 1941, while Cleveland Diesel retained development and production of large marine and stationary engines
engines.

Cleveland Diesel was dissolved in 1962 and their remaining production moved to EMD. In 1988, the Detroit Diesel Engine Division was incorporated as an
independent company, later acquired by DaimlerChrysler in 2005. EMD was sold off by GM in 2005 and is now a subsidiary of Progress Rail.

Locomotive engines
1934-1938 Winton 201-A (multi-purpose)
1938-1966 EMD 567
1965-1988 EMD 645
1984–present EMD 710
1998–present EMD 265

Marine/stationary diesel engines

1934-1938 Winton 201-A (multi-purpose)
248 (8, 12, 16 cylinder)
258 (12 cylinder, 4 stroke, direct reversing)
258S (16 cylinder, 4 stroke, turbocharged, direct reversing)
268 (3, 4, 6, 8 cylinder)
268A (3, 4, 6, 8 cylinder)
268A NM (8 cylinder)
278 (6, 8, 12, 16 cylinder)
278A (6, 8, 12, 16 cylinder)
278A NM (8, 12 cylinder)
241 (6 cylinder - 4 stroke)
288 (12 cylinder, direct reversing)
338 (16 cylinder, vertical radial)
498 (8, 12, 16 cylinder)
498 NM (8 cylinder)
358H (16 cylinder, horizontal radial)
Heavy and off-road diesel engines
1938-1995 Detroit Diesel Series 71
1945-1965 Detroit Diesel Series 110
1950-1955 Detroit Diesel Series 51
1957-1990s Detroit Diesel Series 53
1960s-1980s Detroit Diesel Series 149
1974–1995 Detroit Diesel Series 92

Aircraft engines

Piston
1931-1944 Allison V-1710
1937-1944 Allison V-3420 (derived from the V-1710)

Propfan

1987-1989 *Allison 578-DX

Turboprop
1947-1950s Allison T38
1953-1955 Allison T40
1954–present Allison T56 "501-D" (also produced by Rolls-Royce)

Turboshaft
1954–present Allison T56 "501-D" (also produced by Rolls-Royce)
1960s-present Allison 250 (also produced by Rolls-Royce)

Turbojet
1944-1959 Allison J33 (originally developed by General Electric and transferred to GM for production)
1946-1955 Allison J35 (originally developed by General Electric and transferred to GM for production)
1948-1958 Allison J71

See also
List of GM bellhousing patterns

References
1. "Northway Motor (Detroit, Michigan)" (http://wikimapia.org/2743930
5/Northway-Motor). Wikimapia. Wikimapia. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
2. "100 years GMC History" (https://www.gmheritagecenter.com/docs/
gm-heritage-archive/historical-brochures/GMC/100_YR_GMC_HIS
TORY_APRIL_2014.pdf) (PDF). GM Heritage Center. General
Motors. Retrieved 8 April 2021.
3. "Olds FAQ - Engines" (http://www.442.com/oldsfaq/ofeng.htm).
442.com. Retrieved 2014-02-16.
4. "Class of 1965: When GM Had Eight V8 Engine Families" (http://w
ww.thetruthaboutcars.com/2010/12/class-of-1965-when-gm-had-eig
ht-v8-engine-families/). The Truth About Cars. 2010-12-18.
Retrieved 2014-02-16.
5. GM Global Propulsion Systems (http://media.gm.com/media/us/en/g
m/news.detail.html/content/Pages/news/us/en/2016/feb/0216-power
train.html)
6. e (2007-06-05). "HowStuffWorks "How Buick Works" " (http://auto.h
owstuffworks.com/buick.htm). Auto.howstuffworks.com. Retrieved
2014-02-16.
7. "Pontiac Buggy Company | Pontiac Spring & Wagon Works |
Oakland Motor Car | Pontiac |"
(http://www.my1955.com/history.htm). My1955.com. 1941-03-01.
Retrieved 2014-02-16.
8. [1] (http://www.oaklandowners.com/pages/History_McCargar.html)
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120814143041/http://www.
oaklandowners.com/pages/History_McCargar.html) August 14,
2012, at the Wayback Machine
9. "1906, Buick Goes Four-Cylinder - Generations of GM" (http://histor
y.gmheritagecenter.com/wiki/index.php/1906,_Buick_Goes_Four-C
ylinder). History.gmheritagecenter.com. Retrieved 2014-02-16.
10. "Buick Pre 1930 General Specs" (http://www.carnut.com/specs/gen/
buick20.html).
11. "Buick Pre 1930 General Specs" (http://www.carnut.com/specs/gen/
buick20.html).
12. "1922 Buick 22-35 specifications, information, data, photos 44759"
(http://www.carfolio.com/specifications/models/car/?car=44759).
Carfolio.com. Retrieved 2014-02-16.
13. "1909 Oakland Model 40" (http://www.conceptcarz.com/z19335/Oak
land-Model-40.aspx). Conceptcarz.com. Retrieved 2014-02-16.
14. "customs-n-classics.dk" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130529173
528/http://www.customs-n-classics.dk/Artikler/CIHHistorieUK.html).
customs-n-classics.dk. Archived from the original (http://www.custo
ms-n-classics.dk/Artikler/CIHHistorieUK.html) on 2013-05-29.
Retrieved 2014-02-16.
15. http://media.gm.com/media/de/de/opel/company_opel/Werke/Kaiser
slautern.html (http://media.gm.com/media/de/de/opel/company_ope
l/Werke/Kaiserslautern.html). Retrieved 23 May 2014. {{cite
web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
16. "Holden stops Family II engine Production" (http://www.zercustoms.
com/news/Holden-Stops-Family-II-Engine-Production.html).
ZerCustoms. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
17. history.gmheritagecenter.com
http://history.gmheritagecenter.com/wiki/index.php/GM_do_Brasil_
Milestones:_1980_-_1989 (http://history.gmheritagecenter.com/wiki/
index.php/GM_do_Brasil_Milestones:_1980_-_1989). {{cite
web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
18. "Werk Aspern Plant. Facts and Figures" (http://media.gm.com/medi
a/de/de/opel/company_opel/Werke/Aspern.html). Retrieved 18 July
2014.
19. "1988 Opel Omega A 2.3 TD Specs" (http://www.ultimatespecs.co
m/car-specs/Opel/3435/Opel-Omega-A-23-TD.html/content/Pages/n
ews/intl/en/2014/opel/02-05-astra-1-6-cdti.html). media.opel.de.
2011-10-15. Retrieved 2014-02-05.
20. "New Diesels Power Chevy's Global Midsize Trucks" (http://media.
gm.com/media/us/en/gm/news.detail.html/content/Pages/news/us/e
n/2011/Oct/1005_diesels.html/content/Pages/news/intl/en/2014/ope
l/02-05-astra-1-6-cdti.html). media.opel.de. 2011-10-15. Retrieved
2014-02-05.
21. "New 1.6-liter diesel engine continues powertrain renewal at Opel"
(http://media.opel.com/media/intl/en/opel/news.detail.html/content/P
ages/news/intl/en/2013/opel/01_16_new_opel_diesel.html/content/
Pages/news/intl/en/2014/opel/02-05-astra-1-6-cdti.html).
media.opel.de. 2013-01-16. Retrieved 2014-02-05.
22. "All-new Opel 2.0 CDTI: New Generation Large Diesel Debuts in
Paris" (http://media.opel.com/media/intl/en/opel/news.detail.html/co
ntent/Pages/news/intl/en/2014/opel/09-10-new-opel-cdti.html/conte
nt/Pages/news/intl/en/2014/opel/02-05-astra-1-6-cdti.html).
media.opel.de. 2014-09-10. Retrieved 2014-12-14.
 General Motors automotive engine timeline, 1980 to present
1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5
Flat EJ
OHV Ecotec
Iron Duke Family 0
CIH H AZ
G Quad 4 ZZ ZR
Slant-4 A S-TEC
4
Starfire Saturn Atlas
Family II
Family 1
122
Inline X G
J
5 Atlas
G S-TEC
Family 0
3

Gasoline
Chevrolet
Red Blue Black RB30 Atlas
CIH E-TEC
Buick
6 90°
60°
54° High Feature
H J
Shortstar High Value
16 16
Rocket Northstar
V
Pontiac High Technology
Big Block
Holden
8
Cadillac LS
Small Block
Detroit Duramax
Oldsmobile
Oldsmobile DMAX
6 M51
Detroit 60
JTD
Diesel
RA Family Z
Inline E Circle L
4 Family II Family B

6H

non-GM engines used in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5

GM vehicles italicized 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s

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