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LESSON2:CONJUGATEBEAM METHODFORDETERMI
NATESTRUCTURES(
REVI
EW)

LessonOut
li
ne
 Conj
ugateBeam Met
hodpr
ocedur
eforanal
ysi
sandExampl
e(Beam)
 Conj
ugateBeam Met
hodpr
ocedur
eforanal
ysi
sandExampl
e(Frame)

Lear
ningOutcomesoftheLesson
Att
heendofthelessont
hest
udentwi
l
lbeabl
eto:

 Fami l
i
arizeandreviewt hest udentst ot
hediff
erentmet hodstosol
ve/
computedefl
ecti
onsof
str
ucturesparti
cularl
yt heconj ugatebeam method
 Tobeabl et
ocorrectlydrawt hefreebodydiagram ofast r
uctur
eusi
ngconj
ugatebeam method.
 Perform cor
rect
lytheanal ysisofst ruct
ureusi
ngconj ugatebeam met
hodinsol
vingthesl
opeand
defl
ectionofapar ti
cularstructure.

I
NTRODUCTI
ON:

Theconjugate-
beam method,devel
opedbyOt
toMohri
n1868,i
sbasedont heanal
ogybet
weent he
rel
ati
onshipsamongload,shear,
andbendi
ngmomentandther
elat
ionshi
psamongM=EI ,
slope,
and
defl
ecti
on.

 Ther
otat
ionofanysect
ioni
nar
eal
beam i
sequal
tot
heshearatt
hecor
respondi
ngsect
ionoft
he
conj
ugat
ebeam.
 Thedef
lect
ionatanysect
ioni
nther
eal
beam i
sequal
tot
hebendi
ngmomentatt
hecor
respondi
ng
sect
ionatt
heconj
ugat
ebeam.

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Pr
oceduref orAnal y sis:
1.Const r
uctt heM=EIdi agr am f orthegi ven( r
eal )beam subj ectedt ot hespeci fi
ed( r
eal )loadi ng.Ift
he
beam i ssubj ectedt oacombi nationofdi ff
er entt ypesofl oads( e. g.,concentratedloadsand
distributedl oads) ,theanal y siscanbeconsi der ablyexpedi tedbyconst r
ucti
ngt heM=EIdi agr am by
par ts.
2.Det ermi net heconj ugat ebeam cor respondi ngt ot hegivenr eal beam.Theext ernalsuppor tsand
internal connect ionsf ort heconj ugat ebeam mustbesel ect edsot hatt heshearandbendi ng
momentatanypoi ntont heconj ugat ebeam ar econsi stentwi t
ht hesl opeanddef lect i
on,
respect ivel y,att hatpoi ntont her eal beam.
3.Appl yt heM=EIdi agram ( fr
om st ep1)ast hel oadont heconj ugat ebeam.Theposi tiveor dinatesof
theM=EIdi agram ar eappl iedasupwar dloadsont heconj ugatebeam andv i
cev ersa.
4.Cal culatet her eact ionsatt hesuppor tsoft heconj ugatebeam byappl yi
ngtheequat i
onsof
equi li
brium andcondi ti
on( ifany ).
5.Det ermi net heshear satt hosepoi ntsont heconj ugatebeam wher esl opesaredesi redont her eal
beam.Det ermi net hebendi ngmoment satt hosepoi ntsont heconj ugatebeam wher edef lect i
ons
aredesi redont her ealbeam.Theshear sandbendi ngmoment si nconj ugatebeamsar econsi dered
tobeposi tiveornegat i
v einaccor dancewi t
ht hebeam si gnconv ent ion.
6.Thesl opeatapoi ntont her eal beam wi threspectt otheun- defor medaxi softher eal beam i sequal
tot heshearatt hatpoi ntont heconj ugat ebeam.Aposi ti
v esheari nt heconjugatebeam denot es
aposi ti
veorcount ercl
ockwi sesl opeoft her eal beam andv icev ersa.
7.Thedef l
ect ionatapoi ntont her eal beam wi thr especttot heun- def ormedaxi soft her eal beam is
equal tot hebendi ngmomentatt hatpoi ntont heconj ugat ebeam.Aposi t
ivebendi ngmomenti n
theconj ugat ebeam denot esaposi t
iv eorupwar ddef l
ectionoft her ealbeam andv i
cev ersa.

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SAMPLEPROBLEM:
Abeam i
sshownbelow;
usi
ngt
heconj
ugat
ebeam met
hod,
sol
vef
ort
hef
oll
owi
ng:
(A)Rotat
ionatA
(B)Defl
ecti
onatC

15KN 90KN 30KN

E
A B
2I C D I
3I

4.
5m 3m 3m 4.
5m
64.
5KN 70.
5KN

64.
5
49.
5
SHEARDI
AG.
(KN)
-
40.
5
-
70.
5

438.
75
290.
25 317.
25

MOMENT
DIAG.
(KN-m)
317.
25
E()
I
438.
75
E(
3I)
290.
25
E(
2I)
317.
25
E(
3I)
290.
25
E(
3I)
M/EIDI
AG.
(
KN-m)

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CONJUGATEBEAM M/
EIDI
AGRAM
317.
25
EI
146.
25
EI
145.
125
EI
105.
75
EI
CONJUGATE 96.
75
BEAM
M/EIDI
AG. EI
(KN-
m)

317.
25
EI
146.
25
EI
145.
125
EI
105.
75
EI
CONJUGATE 96.
75
BEAM
EI
M/EIDI
AG.
(KN-
m)

W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6

ELASTI
CWEI
GHTS:

1 145.
125 326.
531
W1 =
2 (
EI
m(
KN- 4. )
5m)=
EI

1 96.
75 145.
125
W2 = (
2 EI
m(
KN- )
3m)=
EI

1 146.
25 219.
375
W3 = (
2 EI
m(
KN- )
3m)=
EI

1 146.
25 219.
375
W4 = (
2 EI
m(
KN- )
3m)=
EI

1 105.
75 158.
625
W5 = (
2 EI
m(
KN- )
3m)=
EI

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1 317.25 713.813
W6 =
2 EI
m(
KN- 4. (
5m)=
EI )
 Sol
vi
ngf
ort
heRot
ati
onatFr
eeEnd
θA(ofRealBeam) =VA’(ofConj
ugateBeam)
+
⅀M @ B =0

326.
531 1 145.
125 2 219.
375 1 219.
375 2 158.
625
VA'(
15)-
EI
10. (
5+(
3
5)-
4.
EI )
5+(
7.
3
3)-
EI (5+(
7.
3
3) - )
EI
5+(
4.
3 (
3)-
EI ) ( )
1 713.
8132
( 5+(
4.
3
3)- )EI 3
(
4. ( )
5) =0

3918.
372 1378.
688 1864.
688 1425.
938 872.
438 2141.
439
VA'(
15)- - - - - - =0
EI EI EI EI EI EI

11601.
563
VA'(
15)=
EI

773.
438
VA'=θA = KN-
m2
EI

 Sol
vi
ngf
ort
heDef
lect
ionatC
ΔCv(ofRealBeam) =MC’
(ofConj
ugat
eBeam)

Consi
dersegmentACoft
heconj
ugat
eBeam

W1
145.
125
EI

MC’

4.
5m

VA’ VC’

+
⅀M @ C =0
1
MC' +VA'(
- 4.5)- (
W1 *
3
4.
5 =0 )
*
**val
ueofVA’
=773.
438/
EI

773.
438 5311
326.
MC' +
-
EI
(
4.5)-
EI 3
* (
4.
5 =0 )
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2990.
675
MC' = KN-m2
EI
PROBLEM 2:Usi
ngConj
ugatebeam met
hod,
det
erminethedefl
ect
ionandr
otat
ionatf
reeendoft
he
beam shownbel
ow.EIi
sconstant
KN
60
m
MA

A B

1.
5m 3m
RA

SOLUTI
ON:

 Sol
vi
ngf
ort
her
eact
ionsatsuppor
t

⅀Fv=0(
assumeupwardposi
ti
ve) + +
1 ⅀M @ A =0(
assumeclockwiseposi
ti
ve)
RA-(60)
(3)=0 1
2 (60)
(3)
(3.5)-MA =0
RA =90KN 2
MA =315KN- m

 Dr
awi
ngt
heMomentDi
agr
am byPar
tsatB

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KN
 M/
EIDI
AGRAM BYPARTS 60
m
MA

A B
1.
5m 3m
ΔBV

RA
θB
405
90(
4.5)=
EI
M/EI
DI
AGRAM
OFRA

M/
EI
DI
AGRAM
OFMA -
315
EI

M/EI
DI
AGRAM
OFLOAD

-
1 1 -90
3˚
2
(60)
( ( )
3) *
3
3 =
EI

 Dr
awi
ngt
heConj
ugat
eBeam (
Usi
ngt
hemomentdi
agr
am bypar
ts)

W1
405
EI
CONJUGATEBEAM

-
315
EI
3˚
-
90
1.
5m 3m EI

W3 W3

SOLVI
NGFORW1,
W2andW3

1 405 911.
25
W1 = (
2 EI )
m(
KN- 5m)=
4.
EI
KN-
m2

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315 1417.
5
W2 = (EIKN-m)(4.5m)= EI
m2
KN-

90 1 67.
5
W3 = (EIKN-m)(4*3m)= EIKN-m 2

 Sol
vi
ngf
ort
heRot
ati
onatFr
eeEnd
θB =VB'

VB' =⅀Fv +

1417.
5 67.5 911.
25
VB' = + -
EI EI EI

573.
75
θB =VB' = KN-
m2
EI

 Sol
vi
ngf
ort
heDef
lect
ionatFr
eeEnd
ΔB =MB'
+
MB'=⅀M @ B

51
1417. 67.
51 251
911.
MB'=
EI 2
*4.
5 + (
EI 5
* )
3- ( )
EI 3
*4.
5 ( )
1863
ΔB =MB' = KN-
m3
EI

SEATWORK:

WRITEANDSHOW YOURCOMPLETESOLUTIONI
NAONEWHOLESHEETOFSHORTBONDPAPER.
CONSIDERUPTO3DECIMALPLACES.BOXONLYYOU’
REFI
NALANSWERI
NEACHREQUI
RED.

(
Remi
nder
:Iwi
l
lnotconsi
der
/checkyourpaper
/wor
kifyoudon’
tfol
l
owt
hegi
veni
nst
ruct
ion)

PROBLEM:USI
NGCONJUGATEBEAM METHOD,
DETERMI
NETHEDEFLECTI
ONANDROTATI
ONATTHE
FREEENDOFTHEBEAM SHOWN.

KN
60
m

A B
I 2I
3m 3m

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