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LESSON2:ANALYSI
SOFSTATI
CALLYI
NDETERMI
NATESTRUCTURES

Forthesucceedi ngt opi

cs, wewi llconsidertheanal ysi
sofst aticall
yi ndeterminat estructures.As
discussedi nTheor yofSt ructures1, thepr er
equisit
eoft hissubj ect,thesuppor treact i
onsandi nternal
forcesofst atical
lydetermi natestructurescanbedet er
mi nedfrom t heequat i
onsofequi li
bri
um includi ng
theequat i
onsofcondi ti
ons, ifany.Howev er,si
nce“ I
ndet erminateSt ruct ures”hav emor esuppor treact i
ons
and/ ormember sthant her equirednumberf orstati
cst abili
ty,t
heequi l
ibr i
um equat ionsar enotsuf f
icient
fordet erminingthereact i
onsandi nternalforcesoft hest r
uctures.Ther eforeasuppl ement aryrelati
onshi p
basedont hegeomet ryofdef ormat i
onofst r
ucturesi sneeded.Thesesuppl ement aryr elati
onships, i
s
termedas“ Compat ibi
lit
yCondi t
ions”whi chensur est hatthecont inuityoft hedi splacement si smai ntain
throughoutt hestructures.

I
nthi
spart
,wewil
ldi
scusssomeofthei
mportantadv
antagesanddi
sadvantagesofindeterminate
st
ruct
uresascomparedt
odeter
minat
estr
uctur
esandintr
oducefundament
alconceptoftheindeterminate
st
ruct
uresanal
ysi
s.

ADVANTAGESANDDI
SADVANTAGESOFI
NDETERMI
NATESTRUCTURES:

 Thef
oll
owi
ngar
esomeoft
headvant
agesofi
ndet
ermi
nat
est
ruct
ures;
a.Themax imum st r
essesinst at
ical
lyindet
erminatestructuresaregener al
l
yl owerthan
determinatest r
uctures.
b.Stati
callyindeter
mi nat
estructuresgeneral
lyhavehigherst if
fness,thi
smeansasmal l
er
deformation.
c.I
ndetermi natestructur
eshav emor emember sand/ orsuppor treacti
onsthant herequi
redstabi
li
ty,
soifapar tor /memberor /suppor tofthestr
ucturewillfai
l
, theentir
estructur
ewi l
lnotnecessari
l
y
col
lapseandl oadswi l
lberedistr
ibutedtotheadjacentportionoft hestr
ucture.

Let’
stakeanexampl e: Consi derabr idgeshowni nthefigur
ebelow, Fi
g(A)and( B)showst hedeter
minate
andindet
ermi natebeamsr espect i
vely.Supposethebeamsar esupporti
ngbr i
dgesandt hatmiddl
epieri
s
destr
oyed,theremov al ofsuppor tCi ndeterminat
estructur
ewi ll
causetheent i
restructur
etocoll
apsethi
s
i
sbecauset hebeam i ssuppor t
edj ustnumberofr eact
ionsrequiredforstati
cstabil
it
y.Howeverinthe
i
ndeterminatebeam, thest ructur
ewi l
lremainstabl
eev enaftersupportCf ai
l
s,sinceithasoneextr
a
react
ioni
nt hev ert
ical dir
ect i
on.

A. Stat
ical
l
y
Det
ermi
nat
eBeam A. St
ati
call
yIndet
ermi
nat
e
C
A B Beam
C
I
nter
nal
hinge A B

C B
A
C B
I
nter
nal
hinge A

St
ati
cal
l
ySt
abl
e
St
ati
cal
l
yUnst
abl
e

 Thef
oll
owi
ngar
esomeoft
hedi
sadvant
agesofi
ndet
ermi
nat
est
ruct
ures;
1. Str
essesDuet oSupportSett
lementsSupport
:Suppor tset
tlement
sdonotcauseany
st
ressesdeter
mi nat
estruct
ures,howevertheyhav
esigni
ficanteffecti
nstressesinindet
ermi
nat
e
st
ructur
es,whichshouldbetakenintoaccountwhendesigningindeter
minatestruct
ures.

Forexampl
e,adet
ermi
nateandindet
erminat
ebeam i
sshowni
nfi
gurebel
ow.Asyoucanseei
n
f
igur
e(a)
,whensuppor
tCofthedeter
minatebeamsunder
goesasmal
lset
tl
ementΔC,thepor
ti
onAC
 Doc.RefNo.
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andBCwhichar
econnectedbyani nt
ernalhi
ngeCmov esasar i
gidbodieswit
houtbendi
ng,t
hat
meanstheyr
emainstr
aight
,hencenost r
essesisdev
elop.However,whentheconti
nuous
i
ndeter
minat
ebeam showninfigur
e(b)issubject
edtoasimi
larsupportset
tl
ement,i
tbends,
and
bendi
ngmomentsdevelopi
nthebeam.

I
nter
nal
hinge

C
C A B
A B

C B
C A
A B
ΔC
ΔC

B. St
ati
cal
lyDet
ermi
nat
e B. Stat
ical
l
y
Beam I
ndet
ermi
nateBeam

2.Str
essesDuetoTemperat
ureChangesandFabricat
ionErr
ors:Theseeff
ect
sdonotcausest
ressesi
n
det
erminat
estr
uct
uresbutmayhaveasigni
fi
cantst
ressesi
nindeter
minat
e.

Forexample, asyoucanseei nthefigure(a)bel

ow, whendet erminatebeam i ssubject
edt oa
unif
ormt emperatureincr
easeofΔT, t
hebeam wi l
lelongateswit
ht heaxialdefor mati
on.
Determi
natebeam i sfreetoel
ongatethusnost r
essesaredev el
op.Howev eri
nani ndeter
mi nat
e
beam asshowni nf i
gure(b)whichisrestrai
nedfrom deformingaxial
lybyt hefixedsuppor ts,a
simil
art
emper aturechangeisintr
oducedt hatdevelopsacompr essi
v eaxi
al f
or ce.Theeffectof
fabri
cat
ionerr
orsf ortemperat
urechangesondet erminateandindeterminatest ruct
uresissimilar
.
A. St
ati
cal
l
yDet
ermi
nat
eBeam
B
A

L
E,
AI
δ =αL(
ΔT)

B. St
ati
cal
l
yIndet
ermi
nat
eBeam
A B F =α(
ΔT)
AE
F =α(
ΔT)
AE

L
E,
AI

ANALYSI
SOFI
NDETERMI
NANTESTRUCTURES

FundamentalRel
ati
onship:
Whetherastr
ucturei
sstat i
call
ydet
ermi
nat
eori
ndet
ermi
nat
e,i
tscompl
eteanal
ysi
srequi
rest
heuseof
theset
hreety
pesofr el
ationshi
pnamely
:

 Equi
li
bri
um Equation:Theser
elat
ethefor
cesacti
ngonthestr
ucturetoensur
ethatt
heenti
re
st
ruct
urestogetherwithit
spart
sremai
ninequil
ibr
ium.
 Compatibi
l
ityConditi
ons:Thi
srel
atest
hedispl
acementofastr
ucturesothat
’si
tspar
tsf
it
s
 Doc.RefNo.
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t
oget
her.
 Memberfor
cedefor
mati
onRelat
ions:
Itinv
olvest
hemat er
ial
andcrosssecti
onal
proper
ti
esoft
he
membersprov
ideali
nkbet
weentheforcesanddispl
acementoft
hestruct
ure.

LESSON1:METHODOFCONSI
STENTDEFORMATI
ON(
THEFORCEMETHOD)

LessonOut
li
ne
 Pr oceduresandanalysisofbeams, t
russesandf rameswithmoment sasr edundantforasingl
e
degr eeofindetermi
nacy
 Pr oceduresforanal
ysisofbeams, tr
ussesandf rameswi t
hint
ernalf
or cesandmoment sas
redundantofat wodegreeofindeter
mi nacy
 Str uct
ureswithmulti
pledegreeofindeterminacyproceduresf
oranalysisofbeams, t
russesand
frameswi t
hmoment sasr edundant

Lear
ningOutcomesoft heLesson
Att
heendoft helessonthest
udentwil
lbeableto:
 St udent
scani dent
if
ytheofdegr
eeofindetermi
nacyofagi
venst
ruct
ure

 Identi
fyifthestr
uctureisdeterminat
eori ndeterminate
 Learnerscanconst r
uctthedef ormati
ondi agram ofaparti
cularstruct
urebyforcemethod
 Studentswi l
lbeabletoapplyt heequil
ibr
ium equat i
oninsolv
ingt hereact
ionsofan
i
ndetermi nat
estructur
ebyf orcemet hod
 Studentscancalculatethedeformationsoft hestructur
eduet oloadandr edundantf
orces.

METHODOFCONSI STENTDEFORMATI ON(FORCEMETHOD)

Methodofconsist
entdeformati
onisageneral
for
mul at
ionofthefor
ce(fl
exibi
li
ty)
.Itwas
i
ntr
oducedbyJamesC.Maxwel l(1864)
.Methodofconsi
stentdefor
mationinv
olvesremov i
ngenough
r
estr
aintsf
rom anindeter
minatebeam str
uct
urestotr
ansf
ormi ttoi
tsdeter
minateform.

Determinat
estruct
ure,whichmustbestati
call
ystabl
e,i
sref
eredasPRI
r MARYSTRUCTURE.The
excessrestr
aintst
hatareremovedf r
om t
hegiv
eni ndeter
minat
estr
ucturearecal
ledastheREDUNDANT
RESTRAINT.Andl ast
lythereact
ionsori
nter
nalfor
cesassociat
edwiththeserest
rai
ntsarer
efer
redas
REDUNDANTS.

STRUCTURESWI
THASI
NGLEDEGREEOFI
NDETERMI
NACY
EXAMPLE:

RBh
A B

RA RC RBv

PROCEDUREFORANALYSI
S

 Pr
ocedur
e1:Det
ermi
net
hedegr
eeofi
ndet
ermi
nacyofagi
venst
ruct
ure
 Doc.RefNo.
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#ofunknowns(
4)isnotequalt
othe#ofequat
ion
(I
NDETERMI NATE)

RBh
A B
DI=4-
3=1degr
eei
ndet
ermi
nacy
C (
Oryoucanuset heequati
oni
n
det
ermini
ngthedegreeof
i
ndeter
minacy)
RA RC RBv

Wecannotcal
cul
atedi
rect
lyusi
ngequat
ions,
andsi
nceDI=1,wehavet
oremoveoneof
t
heunknown/r
eacti
onforourst
ruct
uret
obecomestat
ical
lydet
ermi
nat
e

 Pr
ocedur
e2:Sel
ectoneoft
hesuppor
treact
ionsasy
ourr
edundant

 Thechoiceofselecti
ngyourredundantisamat terofconvenience,providedthatt
heremovalof
saidredundant/
rest
rai
ntfrom thegivenindet
erminat
estructurewillr
esul tt
oapr i
maryst
ruct
ure
thati
sst at
ical
l
ydeterminateandstable
 Let’
stake(+)asourassumpt ionforredundantt
obecor rectand( -
)ifincorr
ectassumpti
on
*
**I
nourexampl
e:Let
’ssel
ectsuppor
tatCasourr
edundant

 Procedure3:Remov eyoursel
ect
edrestr
aintt
hatcorr
espondstother
edundantf
rom t
he
gi
veni
ndeterminat
estruct
ure.(t
hiswi
llr
esul
ttoadeterminat
estruct
ure)

RBh
A B

RA
RBv
RC

 Pr
ocedur
e4:Dr
awy
ourFr
eebodydi
agr
am

(
A) Sket
chdef
lect
ionofpr
imar
yst
ruct
ure(
loadappl
i
ed)

FI
G01

RBh STATI
CALLYINDETERMI NATE
A B BEAM (wi
thi
tsdeflectedshape)
 Nov ert
icaldispl
acement
C
atsuppor
ts

RA RC RBv

FI
G02
STATICALLYDETERMI NATEBEAM
RBh (
withit
sdeflectedshape)
A B  Byr emovingthesupportat
ΔC
Cweallowedt
odi
spl
ace
downwardbyΔC@ C
RA Ver
ti
caldi
spl
acement@ C
RBv
(duet
oreall
oad)
 Doc.RefNo.
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FI
G03

RBh
A B
 InFI G03:Pl aceupwar dvertical
forceatCandgr aduallyincreasei t
s
magni t
ude,asitsmagni t
ude
RA RBv i
ncr easesi t
sdeflecti
onbecomes
smal ler.
 Ifthemagni t
udeoft heforce
FI
G04 reachesi tsspecifi
cvalueitsver t
ical
displacementbecomeszer o( See
RBh FIG04)
 Cyi sourt ermforthesuppor t
A B
reactionatC

RA Cy
RBv

(B) Sket
chdi
agr
am ofpr
imar
yst
ruct
ureswi
thoneuni
tval
ueappl
i
edandsket
chi
tsdef
lect
ed
shape

*
*Toi
ndi
cat
ethatt
hel
oadaswel
last
her
esponseoft
hest
ruct
urei
stobemul
ti
pli
edbyt
her
edundant
STATI
CALLYDETERMI
NATEBEAM (
appl
icat
ionofuni
tval
uewi
thi
tsdef
lect
edshape)

FI
G05(
a) Ver
ti
caldi
spl
acement@ C
(Duet
ounitl
oad)

δC RBh
A B

RA Cy RBv

FI
G05(
b)

δC RBh
A B

RA 1 RBv

FI
G05(
c)

δCCy RBh
A B

RA Cy RBv

 Procedure5:Lookingatyourdiagram inprocedure(4)Writ
ey ourcompat i
bili
tyequati
on,
bysetti
ng
thealgebr
aicsum ofthedeflecti
onsorslopesoft heprimarystructureatt
hel ocat
ionoft
he
redundantduetoitsexter
nalloadingandredundantequal t
ot hegi vendi
splacement(orr
otat
ion)of
theredundantsupportoftheactualindet
erminatestruct
ure(l
ooki ngourdiagram iti
sequalt
ozero)
 Doc.RefNo.
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See:
FI
G02 +FI c)=FI
G05( G01(
compat
ibi
l
ityequat
ion)

FI
G02repr
esent
sthedef
lect
edshapeduetoit
srealloadwhenr edundantrest
rainti
sremov
ed.
FI
G05(
c)repr
esent
sthedefl
ect
edshapewhenar edundantispl
aced
FI
G01repr
esent
stheact
ualdef
lect
edshapeofthegivenindet
erminatestr
ucture.

Cy
ΔC +δC( )=0 (
compat
ibi
l
ityequat
ion)

ΔC
Cy=
δC

 Procedure6:Computethedef
lect
ionofthepr
imaryst
ruct
ureatt
helocat
ionoft
heredundantduet
o
theexternal
loadi
ngandduetotheunitv
alueofr .(
edundant Useanyofmethodi
nsolvi
ngfor
defl
ectionorrot
ati
on)

 Procedur
e7:Subst
it
utet
hev al
uesofdefl
ecti
on(orslope)comput
edint
othecompat
ibi
l
ityequat
ion.
SAMPLEPROBLEM:
PROBLEM 1:Deter
minet
hereact
ionsatsupportofthebeam shownbelow

20
KN/m
A
B
I 2I
2m 4m

SOLUTI
ON:
 Degr
eeofi
ndet
ermi
nacy:
DI=r-
(3 +ec)=4-
(3 +0)=1degr
eei
ndet
ermi
nat
e

*
*eci
sthei
nter
nal
suppor
tli
kei
nter
nal
hingedorpi
n

 Remov
ever
ti
calr
est
rai
ntatB:
Physical Fr
eej
oint
rest
raint
Forcerepresentat
ion
RB (
Considerredundantand
assumeRB( upward)
)

 Drawthedef
lect
edshapeofthebeam f
orbot
hindet
ermi
nat
eanddet
ermi
nat
e(l
oadedwi
th
appl
iedl
oadandredundant
):

20
KN/m
(
A)STATI
CALLYINDETERMI
NATE
A BEAM
B (
Wit
hit
sdef
lect
edshape)
I
2I
2m 4m
 Doc.RefNo.
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PageNo.
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20
KN/m

A (
B)BASI
CDETERMI
NATEBEAM
B (
Underappl
i
edl
oad)

ΔBv
(P)

δBv
(RB)
A (
C)BASI
CDETERMI
NATEBEAM
B (
Loadedwi
thr
edundantRB)

RB

 Repl edundantRB(
acer seef
ig(
C))wi
thauni
tload
*
**Toi
ndi
cat
ethatt
hel
oadaswel
last
her
esponseoft
hest
ruct
urei
tist
obemul
ti
pli
edbyt
her
edundant

δBv*
RB
A
B

1KN *
RB

 Wr
it
ethecondi
ti
onofgeomet
ry:(
tof
indy
ourcompat
ibi
li
tyequat
ion)

ΔBv=0
(
ΔBvP)- (
δBvRB)=0
ΔBv(
P)
RB =
δBv

 Sol
vef
orv
al (
ueofΔBvP)
,def
lect
ionduet
oappl
iedl
oadandδBv
,def
lect
ionduet
ouni
tload
I
nthi
sexampl
ewewi
l
luset
heVi
rt
ualWor
kMet
hodt
osol
vef
ort
her
equi
reddef
lect
ion

(
FORΔBvP)
:
 Doc.RefNo.
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x
x
20
320KN-
m KN/m
VALUESOFM
A (Duetoreall
oad
B underappl
iedload)
C

80KN

Repr sΔBv
esent (P)down 1

x
x
6
VALUESOFMv
A
B (Duetovi
rt
ualwork
C underappl
iedl
oad)

MomentEquat
ions(
duet
ovi
rt
ual
wor
k)

SEGMENT X=0 Xi
ncl
usi
ve Li
mit
s I M Mv
+ A A-
C 0-
2 I 80x-
320 x-
6
AC
x
BC
+ B B-
C 0-
4 2I - ()
20x =-
2
10x2 -
x
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SOLVI
NGFORVALUEOFΔBv
(P)

MMv
ΔBv
(P)= ∫EIdx
dx 4 dx
∫ ∫
2
ΔBv
(P)= (80x-
320)
(x-
6) + (-10x2)
(-x)
0 EI 0 2EI

7360 320
ΔBv
(P)= +
3EI EI

8320
ΔBv
(P)= KN-
m3
3EI

FORδBv
:

x
x

6KN-
m δBv
A VALUESOFM1
B (
Duet orealbeam
underredundant
)

Loadcausi
ng
1KN δBv 1KN

x
x

6 δBv
A VALUESOFMv
1
B (Duetovi
rtual
underr
edundant)

1 1

MomentEquat
ions(
duet
ovi
rt
ual
wor
k)

SEGMENT X=0 Xi
ncl
usi
ve Li
mit
s I M Mv

+ A A-
C 0-
2 I 6-
x 6-
x
AC
+ B B-
C 0-
4 2I x x
BC
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PageNo.
: Page10of10
 Doc.RefNo.
:
KALI
NGASTATEUNI
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TY Ef
fect
ivi
tyDat
e:
COLLEGEOFENGINEERI
NGANDINFORMATI
ONTECHNOLOGY Rev
isi
onNo.
:
THEORYOFSTRUCTURES2MODULE
PageNo.
: Page11of11

SOLVI
NGFORVALUEOFδBv

M1Mv
1
∫EI dx
δBv=

dx dx
δBv=∫ x) +∫
2 4
(6-
x)(
6- x)
( (
x)
0 EI 2EI
0

152 32
δBv= +
3EI 3EI
184
δBv= KN-
m3/
KN
3EI

 Subst
it
utev
alueofΔBv
(P)andδBvbackt
othecondi
ti
onofgeomet
ry

ΔBv=0

(
ΔBvP)- (
δBvRB)=0

8320 184
- ( RB)=0
3EI 3EI

22KN (
RB =45. posi
ti
vemeanscor
rectassumpt
ionf
ort
her
eact
ionwhi
chi
nthi
scasei
supwar
d)

 Subst
it
utev
alueRBi
ntheor
igi
nal
beam t
osol
vef
ort
her
eact
ionv
ert
icalandMomentatA

MA 20
KN/m
A
B
I 2I
2m 4m
RB =45.
22KN
RA
Assumed
dir
ecti
on

⅀Fv=0(
assumeupwar
dposi
ti
ve) +

RA +RB-(20)(
4)=0
RA +45.
22- (
20)(
4)=0
RA =34.
78KN (assumedd i
rect
ioni
scor
rect
)

+
⅀M @ A =0(
assumecl
ockwi
seposi
ti
ve)
(
20)(
4)(
4)-RB(6)-
MA =0
(20)(
4)(
4)- 22(
45. 6)-
MA =0
MA =48.68KN- m (assumeddir
ect
ioni
scor
rect
)
 Doc.RefNo.
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PageNo.
: Page12of12
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PageNo.
: Page13of13

PROBLEM 2:Det
ermi
net
her
eact
ionsatsuppor
toft
hebeam shownbel
owusi
ngFor
ceMet
hod

10KN 20KN

RAh
A B

RAv RC RB

1m 3.
2m 3m 4m

SOLUTI
ON:
 Degr
eeofi
ndet
ermi
nacy:
DI=r-
(3 +ec)=4-
(3 +0)=1degr
eei
ndet
ermi
nat
e

 Remov
ever
ti
calr
est
rai
ntatC:
Physical Fr
eej
oint
rest
raint
Forcerepresentat
ion
RC (
Considerredundantand
assumeRB( upward)
)

 Drawthedef
lect
edshapeofthebeam f
orbot
hindet
ermi
nat
eanddet
ermi
nat
e(l
oadedwi
th
appl
iedl
oadandredundant
):

10KN 20KN

RAh
A B
(A)STATI
CALLY
C I
NDETERMINATEBEAM
(
Wit
hit
sdef
lect
edshape)
RAv RC RB

1m 3.
2m 3m 4m

10KN 20KN

RAh
A B
(
B)BASI
CDETERMI
NATE
ΔCv
(P) BEAM
(
Underappl
i
edl
oad)
RAv RB

RAh δCv
(RC)
A B (
C)BASI
CDETERMI
NATE
BEAM
(
Loadedwi
thr
edundantRC)
RAv RC RB
 Doc.RefNo.
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PageNo.
: Page14of14

 Repl edundantRB(
acer seef
ig(
C))wi
thauni
tload
*
**Toi
ndi
cat
ethatt
hel
oadaswel
last
her
esponseoft
hest
ruct
urei
tist
obemul
ti
pli
edbyt
her
edundant

RAh δCv
(RC)
A B

RAv 1*
RC RB

 Wr
it
ethecondi
ti
onofgeomet
ry:(
tof
indy
ourcompat
ibi
li
tyequat
ion)

ΔCv=0
(
ΔCvP)- (
δCvRC)=0
ΔCv(
P)
RC =
δCv

 Sol
vef
orv
al (
ueofΔCvP)
,def
lect
ionduet
oappl
iedl
oadandδCv
,def
lect
ionduet
ouni
tload
I
nthi
sexampl
ewewi
l
luset
heVi
rt
ualWor
kMet
hodt
osol
vef
ort
her
equi
reddef
lect
ion

(
FORΔCvP)
:

x
x

x
x 10KN 20KN

Rah=0 VALUESOFM
A B (
Duet oreall
oad
D C E underappli
ed
load)
RB=13.
75KN
RAv=16.
25KN
1m 3.
2m 3m 4m

x
x

x
x 1

Rah=0 VALUESOFMv
A B (Duetovi
rt
ualwork
D C E underappl
iedl
oad)

RB=0.
375KN
RAv=0.
625KN
1m 3.
2m 3m 4m
 Doc.RefNo.
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TY Ef
fect
ivi
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THEORYOFSTRUCTURES2MODULE
PageNo.
: Page15of15

MomentEquat
ions(duet
ovi
rt
ual work)
SEGMENT X=0 Xinclusi
ve Li
mit
s I M Mv
+ A A-
D 0-
1 I 16.
25x 0.
625x
AD
16.
25x-10(
x-1)
+ A D-
C 1-
4.2 I 0.
625x
DC =6.
25x+10
13.
75x-
20(x-
4)
+ B C-
E 4-
7 I 0.
375x
CE =80-
6.25x

+ B B-
E 0-
4 I 13.
75x 0.
375x
EB

SOLVI
NGFORVALUEOFΔCv
(P)

MMv
ΔCv
(P)= ∫EIdx
dx 4.2 dx 7 dx 4 dx
∫ ∫ ∫ ∫
1
ΔCv
(P)= (16.
25x)
(0.
625x) + ( 6.
25x+10)
(0.
625x) + ( 80-
6.25x)
(0.
375x) + ( 13.
75x)
(0.
375x)
0 EI 1 EI 4 EI 0 EI
325 883 8865 110
ΔCv
(P)= + + +
96EI 6EI 32EI EI
6451
ΔCv
(P)= m3
KN-
12EI
FORδCv
:
x
x

x
x

Rah=0 δCv VALUESOFM1

A B (
Duet orealbeam
D C E underredundant
)

1 RB=0.
375KN
RAv=0.
625KN
1m 3.
2m 3m 4m
 Doc.RefNo.
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PageNo.
: Page16of16

x
x

x
x

Rah=0 δCv VALUESOFMv

1
A B (
Duetovi
rtualunder
D C E r
edundant)

1 RB=0.
375KN
RAv=0.
625KN
1m 3.
2m 3m 4m

MomentEquat
ions(duet
ovi
rt
ual work)
SEGMENT X=0 Xinclusi
ve Li
mit
s I M Mv
+ A A-
D 0-
1 I -
0.625x -
0.625x
AD
+ A D-
C 1-
4.2 I -
0.625x -
0.625x
DC
+ B C-
E 4-
7 I -
0.375x -
0.375x
CE
+ B B-
E 0-
4 I -
0.375x -
0.375x
EB

SOLVI
NGFORVALUEOFδCv

M1Mv
1
δCv= ∫EI dx
dx 4.2 dx 7 dx 4
∫ ∫ ∫ ∫
1
δCv= (- 0.625x)
(-0.
625x) + (- 0.
625x)
(-0.
625x) + (-0.
375x)
(-0.
375x) + (
0 EI 1 EI 4 EI 0
dx
-0.
375x)(-
0.375x)
EI
25 571 837 3
δCv= + + +
192EI 60EI 64EI EI
1029
δCv= KN-
m3
40EI

 Subst
it
utev
alueofΔCv
(P)andδCvbackt
othecondi
ti
onofgeomet
ry

(
ΔCvP)- (
δCvRC)=0
6451 1029
- (
RC)=0
12EI 40EI
90KN (
RC =20. posi
ti
vemeanscor
rectassumpt
ionf
ort
her
eact
ionwhi
chi
nthi
scasei
supwar
d)

 Subst
it
utev
alueRCi
ntheor
igi
nal
beam t
osol
vef
ort
her
eact
ionv
ert
icalatAandB
 Doc.RefNo.
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PageNo.
: Page17of17

10KN 20KN

RAh
A B
C
RC=20.
90
RAv RB
1m 3.
2m 3m 4m

+ ⅀Fv=0(
assumeupwardposi
ti
ve) +
⅀M @ A =0(assumecl ockwiseposi t
ive) RA +RB +RC-
10-20 =0
(10)(
1)+( 20)(
7.2)-RC(4.2)-RB(11.2)=0 RA +5.
9125 +20.
90-10-
20 =0
(
10)(1)+(20)( 2)-
7. (
20.90)(4.2)-RB(11.2)=0
RA =3.
1875KN
RB =5.9125KN (assumedd i
rect
ion iscorr
ect
)

ASSI
GNMENT:Dr
awt
heshearandMomentDi
agr
am ofPr
obl
em 1and2sampl
epr
obl
em