Electrical Measurement Lab Experiment #6

MEASUREMENT OF INDUCTANCE BY ANDERSON’S BRIDGE

6.1 Objective 6.2 Theory 6.3 Procedure 6.4 Apparatus required 6.5 Connection diagram
6.6 Observation table 6.7 Calculations 6.8 Result 6.9 Precautions 6.10 Pre-Requisite Questions
6.11 Post- Requisite Questions

6.1 OBJECTIVE: - Measurement of inductance by Anderson’s Bridge.

6.2 THEORY: - AC bridge method has outstanding importance for measurement of electrical
quantities (resistance, inductance & capacitance etc.). Measurement of inductance,
capacitance, storage factor and loss factor are made accurately by employing AC bridge
network. AC bridge is nothing but modification of wheatstone bridge . AC bridge in its Basic
form consist of four ARM source of excitation and null detector each of four ARM is an
impedance arm. The battery and galvanometer of wheatstone is replaced by AC source and
AC detector. The usefulness of AC bridge is not restricted to the measurement of unknown
impedances and associated parameter like inductance , capacitor ,storage factor , these
factors find other application in communication system and complex electronic circuit. AC
bridge circuit is commonly used for phase shifting and providing feedback to the oscillator and
amplifier. For measurement at low frequency the line may Act as the source of supply to the
bridge circuit. For higher frequency electronic oscillator are universally used as bridge
source supply. These oscillator have the advantage that the frequency is constant easily
adjustable and determinable with accuracy. The waveform is much closed to sinewave and
their power output is sufficient for most of the bridges. The detector commonly used is CRO,
Head Phone & digital Null detector.
General Equation for Bridge Balancing:-
Fig. (2) shows a basic AC bridge. The four arms of the bridge are impedance Z1, Z2, Z3 &
Z4. The condition for balance of bridge requires that there should be no current through the
detector. This requires the potential difference between points B & C should be zero. This
will be the case when voltage drop from A to B be equal to voltage drop from A to C, both in
magnitude & phase.
So we can write it as :-
E1= E3 ……..(1)

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or
I1Z1 = I2 Z2……..(2)
Also at balance
I1 = I3= {E/(Z1+ Z3)} …………….(3)
and
I2 = I4 = {E/(Z2 + Z4)} …………….(4)

Substitution of equation (3) & (4) into equation (2)

Then
Z1 Z4 = Z2Z3
by separating imaginary part of equation we ge
L1= [CR3{R (R4+R2) +R2R4}/R4]

6.3 PROCEDURE: - Steps involved are enlist below:-

1. First make the circuit on board by connecting wires between resistors, capacitors as
shown in board. Bridge consists of sine wave signal of frequency 1 KHz.

2. Keep the AC supply at zero magnitude by rotating to knob fully anticlockwise direction.

3. Switch ON the power supply to the board.

4. F i r s t we wi l l m ak e br i d g e b a l a n c e u s i ng D . C . s u p p l y.

5. Connect galvanometer to the socket provided for Detection on circuit layout.

6. Keep all the Dial at (zero) position

7. Balance the Galvanometer with the help of R1Dial. When galvanometer is balanced the

Bridge is DC Balanced.

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Now without Disturbing the DC Balance condition we have to do the AC balance

1. Apply AC Signal to the socket provided for AC supply on circuit layout.

2. Apply Null Detector to the socket provided for Null Detector on circuit layout.

3. Keep the unknown inductor at first position out of five.

4. Balance the bridge with the help of C and R dials so the Reading of Null Detector should be
minimum.

5. Switch OFF the power supply and disconnect all the connections made on the board.

6. Calculate Unknown inductor (L1) using fallowing formula L1 =[CR3{R(R4+R2)+R2R4}/R4]

7. Repeat the above steps for calculating other value of unknown inductor.

6.4 APPARATUS REQUIRED:-

S. No. Name of the Apparatus Range Quantity

1. Trainer kit - 01

2. Multimeter 01

3. Connecting Wires As required

4. Galvanometer 01

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6.5 CIRCUIT THEORY:-

Fig – 1.Anderson’s bridge for measurement of Capacitance

6.6 OBSERVATION TABLE:-

S.No. C(µF) R (ohms) R3(ohms) R2(ohms) L1 (mH)

1. 0.01 µF 0 1000Ω 1000 Ω 10 mH

6.7 CALCULATIONS:-

1. L1= [CR3{R (R4+R2) +R2R4}/R4]

= [0.01x10-6{0 +1000xR4}/R4]

= 10mH

6.8 RESULT: The calculated value of unknown inductance for Anderson’s Bridge is 10mH.

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6.9 PRECAUTIONS:-

1. All connections should be tight.

2. All connections must be according to circuit diagram.

3. Be careful while taking the readings.

4. Check the zero reading of the instrument.

6.10 PRE-REQUISITE QUESTIONS:-

Q 1. What is hysteresis error in measuring instruments?

Q2. Give one advantage of null type instrument over deflecting instrument.

6.11 POST- REQUISITE QUESTIONS:-

Q1. Discuss the advantage and disadvantage of using the Anderson’s bridge?

Q2. Calculate the quality factor of a coil in Anderson’s Bridge.

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