GARCIA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

Kalibo, Aklan
Electrical Engineering Department

AC 1 – PHASE

IMPORTANT AC TERMINOLOGY Problem 1. An alternating voltage is represented by the equation e =

141.4sin377t, find the
 WAVEFORM: The shape of the curve obtained by plotting the a. maximum value
instantaneous values of voltage or current as ordinate against b. frequency
time as abscissa. c. time period
d. wavelength
 INSTANTANEOUS VALUE: The value of an alternating quantity e. instantaneous value when t = 3 ms
at any instant. (141.4 V, 60 Hz, 16.67 ms, 5000 km, 127.94 V)

 CYCLE: One complete set of positive and negative values of an Problem 2. A 50 Hz sinusoid has a maximum value of 56.56 V. Find the
alternating quantity. One cycle corresponds to 360 or 2 voltage 0.0025 s after passing through maximum positive value.
radians (40 V)

 ALTERNATION: One-half cycle of an alternating quantity. Problem 3. A sinusoidal current has a maximum value of 20 A. Solve its
instantaneous value at 45.
 AMPLITUDE or PEAK VALUE: The maximum value (positive or (14.14 A)
negative) attained by an alternating quantity.
Problem 4. A 25 Hz sinusoidal emf has a maximum value of 100 V. Solve
 FREQUENCY (f): The number of cycles that occur in one the instantaneous value of the emf, 5 ms after the wave passes though
second. It is measured in cycles/sec (1 cycle = 1 Hertz) zero in a positive direction.
(70.71 V)
 PERIOD: One complete set of positive and negative values of
Problem 5. The equation of an ac current is given by i = 80 sin628t.
an alternating quantity. One cycle corresponds to 360 or 2
Calculate the frequency.
radians.
(100 Hz)

1 Problem 6. For the voltage function e = 150 sin(500t - 30 ) V, find the

T=
f instantaneous voltage at t = 2.09 ms.
 WAVELENGTH (): The length in meter of the alternating wave (74.714 V)
for one complete cycle
Problem 7. An alternating current is given by i = 10 sin314t. With
reference to time t = 0, how long will it take to reach +10 A for the
V second time?
χ= (0.025 s)
f
Problem 8. A radio broadcasting station operates on a wavelength of 15
V = velocity of traveling wave (m/s) m. What is its operating frequency of the station?
= wavelength (m) (20 Mhz)
f = frequency (Hz)
AVERAGE & RMS VALUES OF ALTERNATING WAVES
Note: Electrical waves like voltage and current travel at a speed of light,
3 x 108 m/s Average value – is equal to the arithmetical average or mean of all the
values of an alternating quantity taken over one half of the cycle only.
RELATION BETWEEN FREQUENCY, NUMBER OF POLES AND SPEED OF
The average for the entire cycle is zero.
ROTATION IN AN ALTERNATOR
T /2
Consider a coil rotating at a speed N rpm in the field of P poles. As the 1
coil moves past successive north and south poles, one complete cycle is AVE= ∫ ydt
T /2 0
generated.

PN RMS (root-mean square) value – is defined as the square root of the

f= average of the squares of the given quantity taken over a complete
120 period.
N = speed of rotation of the coil (rpm)

√
P = number of poles T
f = frequency (Hz) 1
RMS= ∫
T 0
y 2 dt
SINUSOIDAL WAVEFORM EQUATION

 SINUSOID WAVE: An alternating wave whose magnitude is

proportional to the trigonometric sine function.
ALTERNATING WAVES AVE. VALUE RMS VALUE
Sine Wave 0.636Am 0.707Am
v=V m sin ( wt ) ; V m sinθ Half-wave rectified sine wave 0.318Am 0.5Am
Full-wave rectified sine wave 0.636Am 0.707Am
w = angular velocity of the wave (w=2f) in radian per second Rectangular wave Am Am
Triangular wave 0.5Am 0.577Am

Page 1 of 15
Form Factor – ratio of rms value to the average value of an alternating Problem 16. Three circuits in parallel take the following currents: i 1 =
quantity. The form factor is a measure of the peakness of the waveform. 20sin314t; i2 = 30sin(314t -/4); i3 = 40cos(314t + /6). Find a. the
The peakier the wave, the greater is its form factor. expression for the resultant current
RMS value b. the rms value of the resultant current
Form Factor= [25.1 sin (314t + 32.33); 17.75 A)
Average value
Problem 17. Two electric devices X and Y are connected in parallel and
Peak Factor – ratio of max value to the rms value of an alternating the rms current in X is 15 A. If the current in Y lags behind by 60  and the
quantity. The peak factor is of much greater importance because it line current is 23.4 A, determine the current in B.
indicates the maximum voltage being applied to a device. (11.96 A)
Max value
Form Factor = BEHAVIOR OF RESISTANCE, INDUCTANCE, AND CAPACITANCE WHEN
RMS value SUPPLIED WITH AC VOLTAGE

 When an AC voltage is applied across pure resistance (R), it

ALTERNATING WAVES FORM PEAK FACTOR draws a current that is in-phase with the AC voltage.
FACTOR E
I=
Sine Wave 1.11 1.414 r
Half-wave rectified sine wave 1.57 2 R = resistance of the resistor, in ohms ()
Full-wave rectified sine wave 1.11 1.414
Rectangular wave 1 1 Problem 18. An AC circuit consists of a pure resistance of 10  and is
Triangular wave 1.154 1.732 connected across a 230-V, 50-Hz source. Solve the current and power
consumed in watts.
(23 A; 5290 W)
Problem 9. Solve the RMS value of the sinusoidal voltage, e =
100sin377t.
(70.71 V)  When an AC voltage is applied across pure inductance (L), it
draws a current that is lagging with the AC voltage with an
Problem 10. A current wave is represented by the equation
angle of 90.
i = 10 e-200t A. Find the rms value of the waveform if its period is 0.05 s.
(2.236 A) E
I= ; X =2 πfL
XL L
Problem 11. The average value of a sinusoidal current is 100 A. Its rms
value is ___.
L = inductance of the inductor, in henry (H)
(111.16 A)
XL = inductive reactance of the inductor, in ohm ()
Problem 12. When a 200 V sinusoidal peak to peak is connected across f = frequency of supply voltage, in Hertz (Hz)
an ac voltmeter, it will read ___.
Problem 19. A pure inductance coil allows a current of 10 A to flow from
(70.71 V)
a 230-V, 50-Hz supply. Find the inductance of the coil.
(73.2 mH)
PHASOR REPRESENTATION OF AN ALTERNATING QUANTITY
 When an AC voltage is applied across pure capacitance (C), it
Fundamental sine wave:
draws a current that is leading with the AC voltage with an
angle of 90.
i=I m sinϖt i=I m ∠ 0
E 1
I= ; X C=
Leading sine wave: XC 2 πfC

i=I m ¿ i=I m ∠+¿ C = capacitance of the capacitor, in farad (F)

XC = capacitive reactance of the capacitor, in ohm ()
Lagging sine wave: f = frequency of supply voltage, in Hertz (Hz)

i=I m ¿ i=I m ∠−¿ Problem 20. A 318 F capacitor is connected across a 230-V, 50-Hz
system. Determine the rms value of the current.
(23 A)

RL SERIES AC CIRCUITS
ADDITION OF TWO OR MORE ALTERNATING QUANTITIES

Problem 13. The equations of the currents in two parallel connected  When an AC voltage is applied across a series RL circuit, it
electric devices are i1 = 11.3sin(377t +/4) and draws a current that is lagging with the AC voltage with an
i2 = 8.5sin(377t -/4). What is the rms value of the resultant current? acute angle 
(10 A) E
; Z=√ R + X L
2 2
I=
Problem 14. The current in a given conductor is represented by the
Z
geometric sum of two currents whose equations are i 1 = 25sin377t and i 2
= 15cos377t. What is the rms value of the current in the conductor? E = total voltage, in volt (V)
(20.615 A) I = total current drawn, in ampere (A)
Z = total impedance, in ohm ()
Problem 15. Two circuit elements are connected in parallel. The current
through one of them is i1 = 3sin(wt - 60) A and the total line current
E=√ E 2R + E 2L ; E R =IR ; E L=I X L
drawn by the circuit is
i = 10sin(wt + 90). Determine the rms value of the current through the
second element. ER = voltage drop in the resistor, in volt (V)
(8.97 A) EL = voltage drop in the inductor, in volt (V)

Page 2 of 15
TRUE POWER (P) – the power which is actually consumed in the circuit. Problem 25. An inductive load consisting of R and X in series feeding
This power is consumed only in the resistance. Sometimes called ACTIVE from a 2400-V rms supply absorbs 288 kW at a lagging pf of 0.8.
POWER. Determine X.
(9.6 )
2
P=EIcos θ ;P=I R → watts∨kW Problem 26. A 240-V, 60 Hz source is connected to a coil of wire that has
a resistance of 7.5 ohms and an inductance of 0.0477 H. Find the real
P = true power, in watt (W) power drawn.
cos  = power factor (unitless) (1138.37 W)
 = phase angle
XL Problem 27. Find the inductance of a series RL circuit having a current i =
R
tanθ= ;cos θ= 4.24 cos (5000t + 45) A, power of 180 W and pf of 0.80 lagging.
R Z (3 mH)

REACTIVE POWER (Q) – the power consumed in the inductor or Problem 28. A coil of inductance 0.45 H takes a current of 0.85 A, when
capacitor during a quarter of the cycle is returned to the source in the connected to a 250 V, 40-Hz supply. What is the resistance of the coil?
next quarter cycle. This circulating power (back and forth) reacts upon (271.5 )
itself. This is why the unit reactive volt-ampere arise.
RC SERIES AC CIRCUITS
Q=EIsin θ →VAR
 When an AC voltage is applied across a series RC circuit, it
draws a current that is leading with the AC voltage with an
Note: To avoid confusion, the product of voltage and current is called
acute angle 
APPARENT POWER (S).
E
2
S =P +Q
2 2 I= ; Z=√ R2+ X 2C
Z
Resistance R E = total voltage, in volt (V)
Power factor= → pf = I = total current drawn, in ampere (A)
Impedance Z Z = total impedance, in ohm ()

True Power P E=√ E R + E L ; E R =IR ; EC =I X C

2 2
Power factor= → pf =
Apparent Power S
ER = voltage drop in the resistor, in volt (V)
Using complex number notation: EC = voltage drop in the capacitor, in volt (V)

Z=R+ j X L P=EIcos θ → watts

S=P+ jQ → S=E I ¿ Q=EIsin θ →VAR

S= EI= √ P +Q → VA
2 2
I* = current conjugate
Using complex number notation:
Q – FACTOR OF A COIL

The ratio of the inductive reactance X L of a coil its resistance R at a given

Z=R− j X C
frequency is known as Q – factor of the coil at that frequency,
X wL S=P− jQ → E I ¿
Q−factor= L =
R R I* = current conjugate

Note: Q – factor is used to describe the quality or effectiveness of a coil. Problem 29. A series circuit consists of a 66.2 F capacitor and a variable
A coil is usually designed to have high value of L compared to its resistor. For what value of resistance will the power taken be 172.8 W if
resistance. The greater the value of the Q – factor of a coil, the greater is the impressed 60 Hz emf is 120 V?
its self-inductance L as compared to its resistance. (30 )

Problem 21. A 240-V, 60 cycle source is connected to a coil of wire that Problem 30. Calculate the capacitance of a condenser to be connected in
has a resistance of 7.5 ohms and an inductance of 0.0477 H. Solve for the series with a 100-V, 80-W, lamp to enable it to be used on a 200-V, 50 Hz
real power drawn. supply.
(1138.36 W) (14.7 F)

Problem 22. A resistance R and reactance L in series are connected to a
115-V, 60 Hz voltage supply. Instruments are used to show that the
reactor voltage is 75 V and the total power supplied to the circuit is 190
W. Find L.
(91.25 mH)
Problem 23. It is desired to operate a 100 W, 120 V lamp at its current
rating from a 240-V, 50 Hz source by using an inductor having a
resistance of 10 . Find the inductance of the inductor.
(0.775 H)
Problem 24. A passive circuit has an applied voltage, e = 150 cos (wt +
10) V and a resulting current i = 5 sin (wt + 40 ) A. Determine complex
power drawn.
(187.5 W + j324.76 VAR)
Problem 31. Two circuit elements in a series connection have current and
voltage equations, i = 4cos(2000t + 13.2) A, and e = 200sin(2000t + 50).
Identify the two elements.
(29.95 , 12.49 F)
Problem 32. A series RC circuit takes a current whose equation is i =
0.85sin(754t +/4) A when connected to a source of emf having the
equation e = 340sin754t. Find the capacitance of the capacitor.
(4.69 F)
Problem 33. A series RC circuit is connected across a 150 V, 50 Hz supply.
The current and power drawn are 2.5 A and 100 W respectively.
Determine the capacitance of the capacitor.
(55 F)

Page 3 of 15
Problem 34. Find the impedance that requires -1500 VARS at 230V and
E=√ E 2R +( E L−E C )2
10 A rms, respectively.
(17.43 – j15 )
E R=IR ; E L =I X L ; E C =I X C
Problem 35. A series circuit consists of a 66.2 F capacitor and a variable
resistor. For what value of resistance will the power taken be 172.8 W if EL = voltage drop in the inductor, in volt (V)
the impressed 60 Hz emf is 120 V? EC = voltage drop in the capacitor, in volt (V)
(30 ) ER = voltage drop in the resistor, in volt (V)

LC SERIES AC CIRCUITS Note: If XL > XC  the circuit has a lagging current

If XL < XC  the circuit has a leading current
 When an AC voltage is applied across a series LC circuit, it If XL = XC  the circuit has an in-phase current
draws a current that is either lagging or leading with the AC
voltage with an acute angle 90. P=EIcos θ → watts
E S= EI= √ P +Q → VA
2 2
I= ; Z=X L −X C
Z
Using complex number notation in solving impedance:
E = total voltage, in volt (V)
I = total current drawn, in ampere (A) Z=R+ j X L − j X C
Z = total impedance, in ohm ()

E=E L−E C S=P ± jQ → E I ¿

E L =I X L ; EC =I X C
EL = voltage drop in the indutor, in volt (V)
EC = voltage drop in the capacitor, in volt (V)
Note: If XL > XC  the circuit has a lagging pf
If XL < XC  the circuit has a leading pf
I* = current conjugate
+Q = for a lagging pf (inductive load)
-Q = for a leading pf (capacitive load)
Problem 41. A series RLC circuit contains R = 25 , L = 0.08 H and a
capacitor C. The circuit is connected across a 200-V, 50-Hz supply. If the
current drawn is 4 A leading, solve the value of C.
(46.51 µF)

Problem 36. A 5 µF capacitor is connected in series with a variable Problem 42. A series RLC circuit has a current which lags the applied
inductor to a 20-V, 796 cycle source. For what value of inductance will voltage by 30. The inductor voltage is 10 V and the capacitor voltage is
the current be 2 A lagging? 5 V. If the resistance R is 20  and w=1000 rad/s, find the value of L.
(10 mH) (23.1 mH)

Problem 37. A series circuit consisting of a 0.0795 H inductor and a 177- Problem 43. A series RLC circuit consists of R = 55.4 , L = 0.17 H, and C =
µF capacitor is connected to a 120 V variable frequency source. At what 82.8 µF. If the potential drop across the resistor R is 72 V, determine the
frequency will the current be 4 A leading? magnitude of the supply emf. Frequency is 60 Hz.
(22 Hz) (83.2 V)

Problem 38. A 5 µF capacitor is connected in series with a variable
inductor to a 20-V, 796 cycle source. For what value of inductance will
the current be 2 A leading?
(6 H)
Problem 39. A series circuit consisting of a 0.0795 H inductor and a 177-
µF capacitor is connected to a 120 V variable frequency source. At what
frequency will the current be 4 A lagging?
(82 Hz)
Problem 40. An impedance coil is connected in series with a condenser.
The voltage across the coil is 240 V and that across the condenser is 190
V. If the current is 10 A and the total power supplied is 2100 W, what is
the impressed voltage?
(222.5 V)
Problem 44. A coil of pf 0.80 is connected in series with a 110-µF
capacitor. The supply frequency is 50 Hz. The pd across the coil is found
to be equal to the pd across the capacitance. Determine the resistance of
the coil.
(23.2 )
Problem 45. A 230V, 50 Hz voltage is applied to a coil L = 5 H and R = 2 
in series with a variable capacitance C. What value must C be set in order
that the pd across the coil shall be 250 V?
(26 µF)
PARALLEL AC CIRCUITS
VOLTAGE RELATION: Total voltage Et, is equal to the voltage across each
branch circuit impedances.

RLC SERIES AC CIRCUITS Et =E1 =E2=E3 =…=E N

 When an AC voltage is applied across a series RLC circuit, it CURRENT RELATION: Total current It, is equal to the sum of the currents
draws a current that is either lagging or leading or in phase flowing in branch impedances.
with the AC voltage wave.
I t=I 1 + I 2 + I 3=…=I N
E
; Z=√ R +(X L −X C )
2 2
I=
Z IMPEDANCE RELATION: The reciprocal of the total impedance Z t is equal
to the sum of the reciprocals of the branch impedances.
E = total voltage, in volt (V)
I = total current drawn, in ampere (A)
1 1 1 1
Z = total impedance, in ohm () = + +…+
Z t Z1 Z 2 Zn
Impedance – the total opposition offered by an AC circuit to the
flow of alternating current POWER RELATION: Total power is equal to the sum of the powers drawn
by the branch impedance.

Page 4 of 15
 St =S1 +S 2 +S 3 +S N
1
Z=R ± jX →Y = =G ± jB
St = ( P 1 ± j Q 1 ) + ( P 2 ± j Q 2 ) + … Z

Note: All mathematical operations, (like add, subtract, multiply, divide) G = conductance, in siemens or mho (S)
must be done using the complex number concepts. B = susceptance, in siemens or mho (S)

Problem 46. Two loads are connected in parallel to a source of emf Note: +B – for capacitive susceptance
whose voltage is (110 + j63.5 )V. If the branch currents are I 1 = (8 – j8) -B – for inductive susceptance
and I2 = (7.5 + j10) A. Calculate the total real power drawn in watts.
(1832 W + j764.25 VARS) R X
G= 2 2
; B= 2
Problem 47. In a parallel RC circuit, R = 10  and C = 100 µF. If the
R +X R + X2
current in the resistor is 15 sin (5000t - 30 ) A, find the current equation
in the capacitor. TOTAL CONDUCTANCE: G t =G 1+ G 2+ …
[75 sin (5000t + 60) A]
Note: Total conductance is equal to the arithmetic sum of the
Problem 48. Three single-phase loads are connected in parallel across a conductance in each branch.
1200-V, 60-Hz single-phase supply: Load A: inductive load, 125 kVA at
0.28 pf; Load B: capacitive load, 10 kW and 40 kVAR; Load C: resistive TOTAL SUSCEPTANCE: Bt =B 1 ± B 2 ± …
load of 15 kW. Solve the total current. Note: Total susceptance is equal to the vector sum of the susceptance in
(83.33 A) each branch.

Problem 49. Solve the power factor associated with a load that consists
of a 6.25 µF capacitor in parallel with the series combination of 400-  TOTAL CURRENT:
resistance and 1 H inductor at w = 400 rad/s. Et
(0.707 leading) I t= → I t =Et Y t
Zt
Problem 50. Two impedances, Z 1 = 2 + j3 and Z 2 = 3 + j6, ohms
respectively are connected in parallel across an ac source. If the total Problem 57. Find the total conductance and total susceptance of a 5- 
average power drawn is 1500 W, determine total reactive power drawn. resistance in series with a 100-µF capacitor connected in parallel with a
(2477 VARS) 2.5 mH inductor. Assume w=2000 rad/s.
(0.1 mho)
Problem 51. A unity pf single-phase load of 1794 W is connected in Problem 58. A two-branch parallel circuit has Z1=2 + j4  and Z2=R.
parallel with another single-phase load of 1656 W operating at a lagging Solve for R to result in the overall power factor to 0.90 lagging.
pf of 0.6. If the line voltage is 115 V, calculate the total current. (3.195 )
(35.6 A)
Problem 59. At 2000 rad/s find the admittance of a 5-  resistance in
Problem 52. A resistance of 50  and a coil having an inductance of 0.10 series with a 100-µF capacitor connected in parallel with a 2.5 mH
H and negligible resistance are connected in parallel across 200-V, 50-Hz inductor.
supply. Calculate the resultant current. (0.1 – j0.1 mho)
(7.518 A)
SERIES TO PARALLEL CONVERSION AND VICE VERSA
Problem 53. Two loads are connected in parallel to a source of emf
whose voltage is (110 +j63.5) V. If the branch currents are I 1=(8 - j8) and In many circuit applications, it is desired to convert series connected
I2 = (7.5 + j10) A. Calculate the total real power. circuit elements to its equivalent parallel connected circuit elements.
(1832 W)

Problem 54. An inductive load consisting of R and X in parallel feeding R R X X

G= 22
= 2 ; B= 2 2
= 2
from a 2400-V rms supply absorbs 288 kW at a lagging pf of 0.8. R +X Z R +X Z
Determine X.
(26.67 )
To get its equivalent resistance Req and equivalent reactance Xeq of the
Problem 55. Two impedances, Z1 = 0.8 + j5.6 and Z2 = 8 – j16 and a parallel circuit, get the reciprocal of G and B respectively,
single-phase motor are connected in parallel across 200 V, 60 Hz supply.
The motor draws 5 kVA at 80% power factor lagging. Solve the total 1 1
complex power taken from the supply. Req = ; X eq =
G B
(6 kW + j8 kVAR)
Note: As a single element only, conductance is the reciprocal of
SERIES – PARALLEL AND PARALLEL – SERIES AC CIRCUIT
resistance while susceptance is the reciprocal of reactance.

Note: All principles applied in DC circuits about combinational circuits
are the same principles applied in AC circuits but all mathematical
operation (like add, subtract, multiply, divide) will follow the rules in
complex number operations.
Problem 56. An inductive reactance of 8  is connected in parallel with a
capacitive reactance of 18 ; this combination is then connected in
series with a variable resistance. For what value of resistance will the
power factor be 0.5?
(8.31 )
CONDUCTANCE, SUSCEPTANCE, AND ADMITTANCE
Admittance (Y) – reciprocal of impedance (Z). The old unit is mho. The SI
unit is called siemens.
Problem 60. A coil has a complex impedance of (3 + j6) ohms. Solve the
resistance of its equivalent parallel circuit model.
(15)
Problem 61. Determine the values of resistance and reactance, which
when connected in parallel with one another will be equivalent to a
circuit consisting of a 10-  resistance in series with a 5-  inductive
reactance.
(12.5 , 25 ,)
Problem 62. A lossy capacitor, in the series circuit model consist of
R=25 and C=20 pF. Obtain the resistance of the equivalent parallel
model at 50 kHz.
(1013 M)
Page 5 of 15
RESONANCE Problem 63. An RLC series circuit consists of 1 k  resistor, an inductance
of 100 mH and a capacitance of 10 pF. If a voltage of 100 V is applied
Resonance is a condition wherein the total current is in-phase with total across the combination, find the upper value of the half power frequency
voltage. The circuit power factor is unity. of the bandwidth.
(159.155 kHz)
SERIES AC CIRCUIT AT RESONANCE
Problem 64. A series RLC circuit has R = 100 , L = 100 µH, and C=100 pF
To resonate the circuit, is connected across the 10-V variable frequency source. Determine the
a. resonant frequency
1 b. current at resonance condition
E L =EC ∨ X L =X C → f r = c. voltage across L or C at resonance
2 π √ LC d. Q-factor of the circuit
e. Bandwidth
fr = resonant frequency, in Hertz (Hz) f. Lower and higher cut-off frequencies
L = inductance, in Henry (H) (1.591 MHz, 0.1 A, 100 V, 10, 159.1 kHz, 1.51 MHz, 1.67 MHz)
C = capacitance, in Farad (F)
PARALLEL AC CIRCUIT AT RESONANCE
QUICK FACTS FOR SERIES RESONANCE:
 The impedance of the circuit is minimum and is equal to the To resonate the circuit,
resistance of the circuit.

 The current in the circuit is maximum as it is limited by the

resistance of the circuit alone. And since the current is
maximum, the power of the circuit will also be maximum.
BL =BC → f r =
1
2π √ 1 R2
− 2
LC L

fr = resonant frequency, in Hertz (Hz)

 Since at series resonance, the current flowing is maximum, the R = resistance, in ohms ()
voltage drops across L and C are also maximum. L = inductance, in Henry (H)
C = capacitance, in Farad (F)
Q-FACTOR OF A SERIES RESONANT CIRCUIT
If the coil resistance is small (as in general)

√
At series resonance, the pd across L and C builds up to a value many
1 1
times greater than the applied voltage. This voltage magnification f r=
produced by resonance is termed as Q-factor of the series resonant 2π LC
circuit.
The total impedance of the circuit at resonance is,
voltage across L∧C
Q−factor= L
applied voltage Z= → a pure resistance
RC
EL X L 2 π f r L
Q−factor= = = QUICK FACTS FOR PARALLEL RESONANCE:
Et R R  The impedance at parallel resonance is also called dynamic
impedance.
The Q-factor of a series resonant circuit can also be expressed in terms
of L and C,  At parallel resonance, the impedance is maximum since L/C is
very large. Thus, with the impedance maximum, thus the

√
1 L current is minimum.
Q−factor=
R C
Q-FACTOR OF A PARALLEL RESONANT CIRCUIT
Note: The Q-factor of a series circuit indicates how many times the pd
across L or C is greater than the applied voltage. Example, a series RLC is At parallel resonance, the circulating current between the two branches
connected across a 110 V, if the Q-factor of the circuit is 20, then the is many times greater than the line current. This current amplification
voltage across L or C at resonance will be 20(110) or 2200 V. produced by the resonance is termed as Q-factor of the parallel
resonant circuit.
BANDWIDTH OF A SERIES RESONANT CIRCUIT
current on L∨C I c E/ X C wC
It is a range of frequencies over which the operation of an electrical Q−factor= = = =
device is satisfactory. It lies between two points on either side of the It It L CR
E/( )
resonant frequency where the current falls to 70.7% of its maximum CR L
value at resonance.

fr wL X L 2 π f r L
BW =f 2−f 1= Q−factor= = = → same as series circuit
Q R R R
1
f 2=f r + BW
2 If the coil resistance is small (as in general)
1
f 1=f r− BW
2
f r=
1
2π √ 1
LC
→then ,Q−factor =
1 L
R C √
BW = bandwidth Note: The bandwidth formula for parallel resonant circuit is the same as
fr = resonant frequency, in Hertz (Hz) that of series resonant circuit.
f1 = lower cut-off frequency, in Hertz (Hz)
f2 = higher cut-off frequency, in Hertz (Hz) Problem 65. A 100 µH coil has an internal resistance of 15 . What
I = current at resonance condition (max. current) parallel capacitance will cause resonance at 100 kHz?
(23.96 nF)

Page 6 of 15
Problem 66. A coil of resistance 10  and inductance of 0.2 H is
connected in parallel with a 2.5-µF capacitor. Determine the QC =Q L
a. resonant frequency
b. Q-factor of the circuit at resonance CASE III: After correction, the pf is leading.
c. Dynamic impedance
(225 Hz, 28.274, 8 000 )
QC =Q L +Q NEW =PL tan θL + Pnew tan θnew
GENERAL CIRCUIT OF A PARALLEL RESONANCE
QC =P L ( tan θ L + tanθ new )
Note: No capacitor is perfect and can be considered to consist of an
ideal capacitor in series with a resistor. Problem 70. A 500-V, 50-Hz single phase motor takes full load current of
50 A at p.f. 0.80 lagging. What capacitance must be placed in parallel

√
with the motor to raise the pf to 0.95 lagging.
1 R 2L ( L/C) (107.28 µF)
f r=
2 π √ LC R2C ( L/C)
Problem 71. An inductive load takes 480 W of power at 0.80 pf lagging.
It is desired to make the power factor of the input current unity by
Problem 67. Measurements on a practical inductor at 10 MHz give L=8
connecting a capacitor in parallel with the load. What is the value of the
µH and Q=40. Determine the ideal capacitance C for parallel resonance
capacitance?
at 10 MHz.
(66.31 µF)
(31.64 pF)
Problem 72. A load of 300 kW with a power factor 0.65 lagging, has the
Problem 68. A coil modeled as 50 µH inductor in series with a 5- 
pf improved to 0.90 lagging by parallel capacitors. How many kVAR must
resistor. Specify the value of a capacitor to be placed in series with the
these capacitors furnish?
coil so that the circuit would resonate at 600 kHz.
(205.45 kVAR)
(1.407 nF)
Problem 73. A single-phase motor is taking 20 A from a 400-V, 50 Hz
Problem 69. A series circuit consisting of a 30- resistor and a 4-µF
supply, the pf being 80% lagging. What value of capacitor connected
capacitor is connected in parallel with a variable inductor. For what
across the circuit will be necessary to raise the pf to unity?
values of inductance will the circuit be in resonance if the frequency of
(95.5 µF)
the source is 1200 Hz?
(8 mH)
Problem 74. A 4500-VA load at a pf of 0.75 lagging is supplied by a 60 Hz
source at effective voltage of 240 V. Determine the parallel capacitance
GENERAL COMPARISON BETWEEN SERIES AND PARALLEL RESONANT
necessary to improve the pf to 0.90 leading.
CIRCUIT
(212.37 µF)
Element Series Circuit Parallel Circuit
AC CIRCUITS SUPPLIED WITH A NON-SINUSOIDAL WAVE
Impedance Z = R, (min) Z = L/CR, max
Current I = E/Z, (max) I = E/Z, (min) When a complex (non-sinusoidal wave) alternating wave is applied to a

√
Resonant 1 1 1 R
2
circuit containing resistance, inductance, and capacitance or
frequency f r= f r= − 2
2 π √ LC 2π LC L
combination of them, the principle of superposition can be applied to
find the current drawn from the supply.
If f < fr Circuit is capacitive Circuit is inductive
If f > fr Circuit is inductive Circuit is capacitive y ( t ) =A dc + A m 1 sin ( wt ±α 1 ) + Am 2 sin ( 2 wt ± α 2 ) +…
Q-factor XL XL
R R Note: A fundamental wave is otherwise called a first harmonic wave.
It magnifies Voltage current

POWER FACTOR CORRECTION IN SINGLE-PHASE LOAD USING A

CAPACITOR
2

√1 2
RMS= A dc + Σ ( A m)
2

RMS=√ A 2dc + Σ( A 2rms )

When a load has a low power factor, it causes the current to increase.
High current causes high voltage drop in the line (line conductors will STANDARD RULE: If it is using lowercase letter for the equation, then it is
overheat). Also, high current causes high losses in the line supplying the maximum value or if it is using capital letter for the equation, then it is
load. RMS value.

Note: The power factor of the load is normally lagging.
CASE I: After correction, the pf is still lagging.
QC =Q L −QNEW =P L tan θ L −Pnew tan θnew
QC =P L (tan θ L−tan θnew )
SL= old apparent power of the load, (VA)
Snew = new apparent power of the load, (VA)
QC = reactive power of the capacitor, (VAR)
QL = old reactive power of the load, (VAR)
Qnew = new reactive power of the load, (VAR)
PL = old active power of the load (W)
Pnew = new active power of the load (W)
CASE II: After correction, the pf is unity.
Note: Since the final pf is unity then,
Problem 75. Find the effective current flowing in a series circuit
composed of a sinusoidal emf, e=151sin377t V connected in series with a
dc emf of 110 V and in series to a load of (10 +j8) ohms.
(13.8 A)
Problem 76. The current through a purely inductive coil of self-
inductance of 15.9 mH is given by i=20sin(314t - /2) + 5sin(924t - /2)
+ 2sin(1570t - /2). Find the equation of the applied voltage.
(100sin314t + 75sin942t + 50sin1520t)
Problem 77. A current wave is given by i=10 + 5cos(628t + 30 ).
Determine the RMS value of the current.
(10.606 A)
Problem 78. A series RL circuit has voltage and current equations of
e=141.42sin230t + 141.42sin290t V and i=9.8sin(230t - 30) +
5.66sin(290t - 60) A. Determine the power drawn by the circuit.
(800 W)
Page 7 of 15
Problem 79. A non-sinusoidal voltage wave consists of a fundamental b. 0.117 S d. 0.471 S
and a third harmonic. If the effective values of the composite and the
fundamental waves are 240 V and 230 V, respectively, calculate the 8. A coil of 20  resistance and 0.16 H inductance is connected in
effective value of the third harmonic. parallel with a 100 µF condenser to a constant voltage variable
(68.55 V) frequency source. At what frequency will the current in the main
minimum?
Problem 80. A two-element series circuit with R=10  and L=20 mH has a a. 32.50 Hz c. 44.62 Hz
current i=5sin100t + 3sin300t + 2sin500t A. Find the effective applied b. 34.45 Hz d. 25.56 Hz
voltage. 9. A circuit takes a current of 7 A that lags behind the 231 V source by 35
(48 V) . Determine the complex impedance.
a. 27 + j18.93 c. 33 – j15.42
Problem 81. Find the average power supplied to a network if the applied b. 33 + j15.42 d. 27 – j18.93
voltage and resulting current are: e=50sin5000t + 30sin10000t +
20sin20000t, V; i=11.2 sin(5000t + 63.4) + 10.6 sin(10000t + 45) + 8.97 10. For a square wave, the form factor is ___.
sin(20000t + 26.6), A. a. 1.0 c. 1.10
(318 W) b. 1.11 d. 1.15
11. Determine the pf associated with a load that consists of a 6.25 µF
Problem 82. A current wave is given by capacitor in parallel with the series combination of 400- resistance and
i=4+2 √ 2sin 3 wt + 4 √ 2 sin 5 wt A . Determine the rms value of 1 H inductor at w = 400 rad/s
the current. a. 0.707 lagging c. 0.707 lagging
(6 A) b. 0.50 lagging d. 0.50 leading

Problem 83. A complex wave of rms value of 240 V has 20% third 12. A 250 kVA transformer is at full load with a pf of 0.80 lagging. The pf
harmonic content, 5% fifth harmonic content, and 2% seventh harmonic is to be corrected to 0.90 lagging by parallel capacitor. What must be the
content. Find the rms value of the fundamental. kVAR capacity of the capacitor?
(235 V) a. 60.14 kVAR c. 92.18 kVAR
b. 53.14 kVAR d. 102.52 kVAR
Problem 84. A single-phase voltage source is given by e=141sinwt + 42.3
sin3wt + 28.8sin5wt. The corresponding current in the load circuit is 13. A series RLC circuit consist of R = 55.4 , L = 0.17 H, and C = 82.8 µF.
given by i=16.5sin(wt + 54.5 ) + 8.43sin(3wt - 38) + 4.65sin(5wt – 34.3). If the potential drop across resistor R is 72 V, determine the magnitude
Find the power supplied to the load. of the supply emf. Frequency is 60 Hz.
(871.3 W) a. 83.2 V c. 92.1 V
b. 98.2 V d. 88.3 V
PRACTICE PROBLEMS 14. Measurements on a practical inductor at 10 MHz give L = 8 µH and Q
= 40. Find the ideal capacitance C for parallel resonance at 10 MHz.
1. An inductive circuit of resistance 2 Ω and inductance of 0.01 H is a. 22.81 pF c. 25.28 pF
connected to a 250 V, 50 Hz supply. What capacitance is placed in b. 28.32 pF d. 31.64 pF
parallel to produce resonance? 15. An alternating current of frequency 50 Hz has a maximum value of
a. 721 µF c. 700 µF 100 A. Calculate its value 1/300 second after the instant the current is
b. 635 µF d. 672 µF zero and its value is decreasing thereafter.
a. -86.6 A c. -82.8 A
2. A resistor in series with a 138 µF capacitor is connected to a 60- cycle b. -78.2 A d. -93.1 A
source. If the voltage drop across the capacitor is 115 V and the power
taken by the circuit is 922 W, calculate the ohmic value of the resistor. 16.What is the inductance of a coil if it draws 0.55 A from a 110-V, 60 Hz
a. 32.1  c. 18.5  power line and 0.2 A from a 20 V battery?
b. 15.7  d. 25.6  a. 0.38 H c. 0.63 H
b. 0.46 H d. 0.51 H
3. For the voltage function e = 150 sin (500t - 30), find the
instantaneous voltage at t = 2.09 ms. 17. A filter is in the form of a series RLC circuit designed to operate at a
a. 74.7 V c. 69.4 V resonant frequency of 5 kHz. Included within the filter is a 20 mH
b. 71.6 V d. 67.1 V inductance and 10  resistance. Determine the bandwidth of the filter.
a. 74.4 Hz c. 70.7 Hz
b. 79.6 Hz d. 82.2 Hz

18. A series circuit has R = 6 , XL = 20  and XC = 12 . The circuit

4. A coil of pf 0.6 is in series with a 100- µF capacitor. When connected power factor will be ___.
to a 50 Hz supply, the p.d. across the coil is equal to the p.d. across the a. 0.80 lagging c. 0.50 leading
capacitor. Find the resistance of the coil. b. 0.60 lagging d. 0.60 leading
a. 17.3  c. 19.1 
b. 18.7  d. 16.9  19. The following information is given in connection with an AC source
that delivers current to three loads in parallel: I A = 20 A; IB = 12 A and
5. The current and voltage to a load are expressed by i = 15 sin 377t + lags behind IA by 30; IC = 32 A and leads IA by 60. Determine total
14 sin (1130t - 36) and e = 20 + 30 sin 377t + 50 sin (1130t - 20 ). Find current.
the pf of the circuit. a. 51.2 A c. 57.3 A
a. 0.82 c. 0.77 b. 55.4 A d. 53.5 A
b. 0.88 d. 0.63
20. An RLC circuit is connected to a 200 V, AC source. If the Q factor of
6. A series circuit consisting of a 0.398 H inductor and a 212 µF capacitor the circuit is 10, then voltage across C at resonance is ___.
is connected to a 125-V variable frequency source. At what frequency a. 200 V c. 2000 V
will the circuit take a lagging current of 2.5 A? b. 20 V d. 2 V
a. 35 cps c. 32 cps
b. 38 cps d. 30 cps 21. Compute the resonant frequency of a parallel circuit consisting of a
30-µF capacitor in the first branch and coil of R = 50  and L = 0.2 H in
7. Obtain the conductance corresponding to a voltage the second branch.
a. 51.4 Hz c. 53.3 Hz
V =85∠205 V and a resulting current I =41.2∠−141 A .
b. 50.6 Hz d. 52.8 Hz
a. 0.485 S c. 2.06 S

Page 8 of 15
22. The following information is given in connection with three loads b. 14 A d. 14.14 A
connected to a 220 V source: load A = 12 A at unity pf; load B = 40 A at a
pf of 0.50 lagging; load C = 20 A at a leading pf of 0.9. Calculate the total 36. A resistance of 40 , an inductance of 0.08 H and a capacitance of
reactive VA. 50 µF are connected in parallel across a 100-V, 60 Hz power supply.
a. 6.3 kVAR c. 5.7 kVAR Determine the pf of the entire circuit.
b. 3.4 kVAR d. 4.8 kVAR a. 0.868 lag c. 0.703 lead
b. 0.804 lag d. 0.766 lead
23. The rms value of a half wave rectified current is 10 A, its value for
full-wave rectification is ___ amperes. 37. The current and voltage to a load are expressed by i = 15 sin 377t +
a. 20 c. 6.36 14 sin (1130t – 36) and e = 20 + 30 sin 377t + 50 sin (1130t + 20). Find
b. 14.14 d. 12.73 the apparent power drawn by the load.
a. 872 VA c. 604 VA
24. Two parallel impedance branches, Z1 = j5 and Z2 = 4 + j2 ohms b. 598 VA d. 665 VA
respectively are connected across a single-phase source. If the branch 1
takes 8 kVAR, determine the complex power drawn of the entire circuit. 38. A capacitor is connected to a 115-V, 25 Hz source takes 3 A. What
a. 8 + j12, kVA c. 8 + j10, kVA will it take when the voltage and frequency are both doubled?
b. 6 + j10, kVA d. 6 + j12, kVA a. 12 A c. 48 A
b. 3 A d. 0.75 A
25. A lossy capacitor, in the series circuit model consist of R = 25  and C
= 20 pF. Obtain the resistance of the equivalent parallel model at 50 kHz. 39. An alternating current is given by i = 10 sin 314t. With reference to
a. 1013 M c. 1020 M time t = 0, how long will it take to reach +10A for the second time?
b. 1620 M d. 1590 M a. 0.030 s c. 0.020 s
b. 0.025 s d. 0.035 s
26. A two branch parallel circuit with impedances Z 1=4 ∠−30 Ω
and Z 2=5 ∠60 Ω has an applied effective voltage of 20 V. 40. An impedance equal to 4.4 ∠60 Ω is connected across a 220-V
Determine the total VA drawn by the circuit. source. What should be the value of a second impedance, in parallel
a. 132.4 c. 128.1 with the first, if the total power delivered to the circuit is to be 16.5 kW
b. 147.5 d. 152.8 and the overall pf is to be unity?
a. 3.33  c. 3.96 
27. A load of 300 kW with a pf 0.65 lagging, has the pf improved to 0.90 b. 2.28  d. 4.81 
lagging by parallel capacitors. How many kVAR must these capacitors
furnish? 41. A 240-V, 60 Hz source is connected to a coil of wire that has a
a. 145.3 c. 145.6 resistance of 7.5  and an inductance of 0.0477 H. Solve the real power
b. 205.4 d. 258.1 drawn.
a. 1138 W c. 1202 W
28. The equation for a 25-cycle current sine wave having an rms value of b. 1052 W d. 1216 W
30 A will be __.
a. 30 sin 25t c. 30 sin 50t 42. A circuit having resistance of 10  and inductive reactance of 12  is
b. 42.4 sin 25t d. 42.4 sin 50t connected in parallel with another circuit consisting of a resistance of 15
 in series with a capacitive reactance of 20 . Determine the total
29. It is desired to operate a 100 W, 120 V lamp at its current rating from conductance of the circuit.
a 240 V, 50 Hz source by using an inductor having a resistance of 10 . a. 0.06498 mho c. 0.01242 mho
Find the inductance of the inductor. b. 0.05328 mho d. 0.04313 mho
a. 0.225 H c. 0.656 H
b. 0.525 H d. 0.775 H 43. Three capacitors of capacitance 2 µF, 4 µF, and 6 µF respectively are
connected in series to a 220-V DC source. Find the voltage across the 4
µF capacitor.
30. An impedance coil 20 ∠30 Ω is connected across a 120 V, 60 Hz
a. 40 V c. 80 V
supply. Solve the capacitance of a capacitor to be connected in parallel,
b. 120 V d. 60 V
necessary to improve the pf to 0.95 lagging.
a. 45.2 µF c. 16.3 µF
44. A coil draws 1875 W when connected to a 150 V DC source. It
b. 38.1 µF d. 28.6 µF
consumes 3072 W when used on 240 V, 60 Hz ac source. Find the
inductance of the coil.
Z 1=9∠ 90 Ω,
31. A two-branch parallel circuit with divides a. 0.012 H c. 0.024 H
¿=5 ∠ 45 A such that I 2=3∠ 98.13 A . Find Z2. b. 0.018 H d. 0.020 H
a. 12 + j0,  c. 12 + j12, 
b. 6 + j6,  d. 0 + j12, 

32. The peak factor of a half-wave rectified ac is ___. 45. The maximum current in a sinusoidal ac current is 10 A. What is the
a. 1.57 c. 2 instantaneous current at 45?
b. 1.11 d. 1.4142 a. 8.51 A c. 7.07 A
b. 7.33 A d. 8.33 A
33. A choking coil is connected in series with a 50 µF capacitor across a
40 cps supply. What is the inductance of the coil to give resonance? 46. Three single-phase loads are connected in parallel across a 1400-V
a. 0.424 H c. 0.321 H rms, 60 Hz single-phase supply,
b. 0.317 H d. 0.401 H Load 1: inductive load, 125 kVA at 0.28 pf
Load 2: capacitive load, 10 kW and 40 kVAR
34. Determine the inductance of a series RL circuit if the applied voltage Load 3: resistive load of 15 kW
is e = 150 sin (5000t + 45) V results in a current of i = 3 sin(5000t - 15 ) Determine supply current and pf.
A. a. 82.45 A, 0.6 lag c. 82.45 A, 0.6 lead
a. 2.50 mH c. 3.89 mH b. 71.43 A, 0.6 lag d. 71.43 A, 0.6 lead
b. 8.66 mH d. 5.24 mH
47. A circuit has admittance of 0.1 mho and conductance of 0.08 mho.
35. The equations of the currents in two parallel connected electric The power factor of the circuit is ____.
devices are I1 = 11.3 sin (377t + /4) and I2 = 8.5 sin (377t - /4). What is a. 0.125 c. 0.8
the rms value of the resultant current? b. 0.78 d. 0.6
a. 10 A c. 19.8 A
Page 9 of 15
48. Determine the circuit impedance which has a complex power b. 692.5 W d. 706.2 W
S=5031∠−26.57 VA for an applied phasor voltage
212.1 ∠0V 62. Two parallel branch circuits draw a maximum instantaneous current
a. 4 + j2 c. 8 – j4 of 42.4 ∠ 0 A . Branch one is a 5- resistance in series with a 3-
b. 4 –j2 d. 8 + j4 capacitive reactance. Branch two is a 4- resistance. Determine total
power drawn.
49. A 5 µF capacitor connected in series with a variable inductor to a 20- a. 2480 W c. 2157 W
V, 796 cycle source. For what value of inductance will the current be 2 A b. 2209 W d. 2520 W
leading?
a. 6 mH c. 10 mH 63. Three load units A, B, and C are connected in parallel and take
b. 8 mH d. 12 mH currents that are respectively 12, 10, and 15 A. Assuming I A to be the
reference phasor, IB leads IA by 30 and IC lags behind IA by 65. Calculate
50. A 100 ∠ 0 V , 120 Hz generator and an 80 ∠ 0 V , 60 Hz the total current.
generator are connected in series with a 60 V battery and a coil. The a. 21.7 A c. 28.3 A
b. 25.6 A d. 23.4 A
resistance and inductance of the coil are 3  and 2.65 mH, respectively.
Calculate the rms current.
64. Find the inductance in a series circuit, given that the current and
a. 34.56 A c. 42.54 A
b. 40.14 A d. 38.62 A total voltage are i = 10 cos (5000t – 23.13) A and e = 50 cos (5000t +
51. An RLC series circuit resonant at 2000 kHz has a Q of 100. What will 30) V.
be its upper side frequency range? a. 0.8 mH c. 0.55 mH
a. 2010 kHz c. 2020 kHz b. 1.2 mH d. 0.2 mH
b. 2015 kHz d. 2005 kHz
65. The rms value of a current given by i = 10 + 5 cos (628t + 30) is
52. The average value of a sinusoidal current is 100 A. Its rms value is a. 21.21 A c. 30 A
a. 63.7 A c. 70.7 A b. 16.67 A d. 23.66 A
b. 141.4 A d. 111 A
66. An impedance coil is connected in parallel with a non-inductive
53. An inductive load consisting of R and X in series feeding from a 2400- resistance across a voltage whose complex expressions is (-100 + j173.2)
V rms supply absorbs 288 kW at a lagging pf of 0.8. V. The current in the coil is (5 + j15) A while magnitude of the other
a. 12.8  c. 16  current is 10 A. Determine the magnitude of the total current.
b. 26.67  d. 9.6  a. 21.21 A c. 30 A
b. 16.67 A d. 23.66 A
54. Find the power in a resistance R = 10  if the current in Fourier
67. The equation of an ac current is given by i = 80 sin 628t. Calculate
series form is i = 10 sin wt + 5 sin 3wt + 2 sin 5wt, A.
the frequency.
a. 645 W c. 725 W
a. 80 Hz c. 100 Hz
b. 582 d. 668 W
b. 90 Hz d. 314 Hz
55. A 500 V, 50-Hz single phase motor takes a full load current of 40 A at
68. Two impedances, Z1=2 + j3 and Z2 = 3 + j6, ohms respectively are
a pf of 0.86 lagging. A bank of capacitors of 80 µF is now placed in
connected in parallel across an ac source. If the total average power
parallel with the motor. To what value will the pf be raised?
drawn is 1500 W, determine total reactive power drawn.
a. 0.93 c. 0.95
a. 1880 VAR c. 2477 VAR
b. 0.91 d. 0.97
b. 2190 VAR d. 2360 VAR
56. The rms value of a sinusoidal ac current is equal to its value at an
angle of ___ degrees. 69. A 17.9 µF capacitance has a voltage v = 35 sin (8000t + 25) V. Find
a. 30 c. 57.3 the current i.
b. 45 d. 63.6 a. i = 5 sin (8000t + 25) A c. i = 5 cos (8000t + 25) A
b. i = 5 cos (8000t + 115) A d. i = 5 sin (8000t + 115) A
57. A single-phase motor is taking 20 A from a 400-V, 50 Hz supply, the
power factor being 80% lagging. What value of capacitor connected 70. A 500-V, 50 Hz single phase motor takes a full load current of 50 A at
across the circuit will be necessary to raise the power factor to unity? a pf of 0.80 lagging. What capacitance must be placed in parallel with
a. 95.5 µF c. 33.3 µF the motor to raise the pf to unity?
b. 66.7 µF d. 78.6 µF a. 201 µF c. 191 µF
b. 176 µF d. 184 µF
58. A complex wave of rms value 240 V has 20% 3 rd harmonic content,
5% 5th harmonic content, and 2% 7 th harmonic content. Find the rms 71. A 200 µH coil has a Q of 250 at resonance frequency of 800 kHz. The
value of the fundamental. effective resistance of the coil is ___.
a. 230 V c. 238 V a. 1  c. 2 
b. 228 V d. 235 V b. 4  d. 8 

59. An RLC circuit has R = 60 , XL = 280 , and XC = 200 . If the applied

voltage is 100 V, the voltage across the capacitor is ___. 72. The resistance and inductance of a certain circuit are 20  and 0.07
a. 100 V c. 200 V H. Find the capacitance required to produce resonance when connected
b. 380 V d. 280 V in parallel on a 50 Hz supply.
a. 120.5 µF c. 91.4 µF
b. 105.8 µF d. 79.3 µF
60. A 20- resistance is connected in series with a parallel combination
of a capacitance C and a 15 mH pure inductance. At angular frequency w
73. A coil having a 2- resistance is connected in series with a 50 µF
= 1000 rad/s, find C such that the line current is 45 out of phase with
capacitor. The circuit resonates at 100 Hz. What is the inductance of the
the line voltage.
coil?
a. 116.7 µF c. 102.5 µF
a. 50.66 mH c. 61.28 mH
b. 122.5 µF d. 108.2 µF
b. 45.24 mH d. 38.28 mH
61. A 10  resistor is connected in series with the following series
74. An alternating voltage is given by v = 100 sin 314t. Its average value
connected ac generators: e1 = 50 sin (377t + 40); e2 = 40 sin (377t + will be ___.
20); e3 = 80 sin 150t. Determine the power delivered to the resistor. a. 70.7 V c. 50 V
a. 524.8 W c. 823.1 W b. 63.6 V d. 100 V
Page 10 of 15
 b. 0.8 d. 0.75
75. A circuit has a resistance of R ohms in series with an inductance of L
henries. With a supply of 240-V, 50-Hz, the power in the circuit is 300 W 88. A 25-cps sinusoidal emf wave has a maximum value of 340 V.
and the voltage across R is 100 V. Find the value of L. Determine the instantaneous value of the emf, 0.01 s after the wave
a. 0.302 H c. 0.262 H passes through zero in a negative direction.
b. 0.231 H d. 0.142 H a. -340 V c. -333 V
b. -320 V d. -325 V
76. A 4500-VA load at a pf of 0.75 lagging is supplied by a 60 Hz source
at effective voltage of 240 V. Determine the parallel capacitance 89. A complex current wave is given by the equation i = 5 + 5sin 100t
necessary to improve the pf to 0.90 lagging. A. Its average value is ___A.
a. 45.6 µF c. 73.1 µF a. 0 c. sq rt of 50
b. 58.2 µF d. 61.8 µF b. 5 d. 10

77. An alternating current takes 3.375 ms to reach 15 A for the first time 90. A 5 µF capacitor is connected in series with a variable inductor to a
after becoming instantaneously zero. The frequency of current is 40 Hz. 20-V, 796 cycle source. For what value of inductance will the current be
Find the max value of the alternating current. 2 A lagging?
a. 28 A c. 25 A a. 6 mH c. 10 mH
b. 36 A d. 20 A b. 8 mH d. 12 mH

78. A 220-V, 60 Hz, 10 hp, single-phase induction motor operates at an 91. A coil modeled as a 50 µH inductor in series with a 5- resistor.
efficiency of 86% and a pf of 90%. What capacity should be placed in Specify the value of a capacitor to be placed in series with the coil so
parallel with the motor so that the feeder supplying the motor will that the circuit would resonate at 600 kHz.
operate at unity pf? a. 1 nF c. 1.4 nF
a. 218 µF c. 145 µF b. 2.5 nF d. 1.7 nF
b. 230 µF d. 136 µF
92. A series circuit of R = 10 ohms and C = 40 µF has an applied voltage v
79. A two element series circuit with R = 10  and L = 20 mH has a = 500 cos (2500t - 20) V. Find the resulting current i.
current i = 5 sin 100t + 3 sin 300t + 2 sin 500t A. Find the effective a. i =35.35 sin (2500t + 25) A c. i =32.04 sin (2500t + 95) A
applied voltage. b. i =35.35 sin (2500t + 115) A d. i =32.04 sin (2500t + 65) A
a. 60 V c. 36 V
b. 50 V d. 48 V 93. A single-phase motor operating at 400V, 50 Hz draws 31.7 A at a pf
of 0.70 lagging. Calculate the capacitance required in parallel to raise the
80. A resistance of 10 ohms is connected in series with an inductance of pf to 0.90 lagging.
0.05 H and a capacitance of 300 µF to a 100 V supply. Calculate the a. 56.6 µF c. 76.1 µF
phase angle of the current when the frequency is 25 Hz. b. 33.8 µF d. 94.6 µF
a. 53.13 c. 36.87
b. 40.23 d. 31.53 94. A 100V peak AC is as effective as ___ dc.
a. 70.7 V c. 100 V
81. A coil of negligible resistance takes a current of 10 A when b. 50 V d. 63.6 V
connected to a 220-V, 60-Hz supply. A non-inductive resistor under the
same conditions takes 12 A. If the two are connected in series and 95. In a particular series RL circuit, a voltage of 10 V at 25 Hz produces
placed across the same supply, find the current taken. 100 mA, while the same voltage at 75 Hz produces 60 mA. Find the
a. 5.19 A c. 7.68 A inductance L of the circuit.
b. 15.62 A d. 6.63 A a. 0.2 H c. 0.4 H
b. 0.1 H d. 0.3 H
82. A 30- resistor is connected in series with a 500-µF capacitor, 120 V
battery, an ammeter, and three sinusoidal generators. The generator 96. A load of 200 kW at a pf of 0.75 lagging has the pf improved to 0.90
voltages are 100 sin30t, 50 sin 80t, and 70 sin100t. Determine the by the addition of parallel capacitors. What kVAR of capacitor is needed?
ammeter reading. a. 79.5 kVAR c. 45.3 kVAR
a. 1.91 A c. 1.77 A b. 82.7 kVAR d. 66.2 kVAR
b. 1.48 A d. 1.29 A
97. A sinusoidal current has a magnitude of 3 A at 120. Its maximum
83. The current in a given conductor is represented by the geometric value will be __ amperes.
sum of two currents whose equations are i1 = 25 sin 377t and are i2 = 15 a. sq rt of 3 c. sq rt of 3 / 2
cos 377t. What is the rms value of the current in the inductor? b. 2 (sq rt of 3) d. 6
a. 20.615 A c. 25.522 A
b. 24.125 A d. 26.192 A 98. A series RC circuit is connected across a 220V, 60 Hz source takes
4839 W with a leading pf of 0.707. Determine the value of C.
84. A 20-ohm resistor is connected in parallel with a capacitor across a a. 331.57 µF c. 530.51 µF
110-V, 40 Hz supply. If the total current taken is 6 A, determine the b. 221.05 µF d. 265.25 µF
capacitance of the capacitor?
a. 86.82 µF c. 90.33 µF
b. 76.22 µF d. 89.34 µF
85. Between two terminals is a capacitance C in series with a parallel 99. Two currents i1 = 20 sin wt and i2 = 15 sin (wt + /4) are combined
combination of a 2000 resistor and a 2-mH coil. Find C so that the and made to pass through a common conductor. Solve the rms value of
susceptive part of the input admittance is zero at 20 kHz. the total current.
a. 35 nF c. 38 nF a. 32.40 A c. 22.91 A
b. 30 nF d. 32 nF b. 28.31 A d. 24.61 A

86. An impedance of an RC circuit is 100 ohms. If the circuit current 100. A 100V, 80 W lamp is to be operated on a 230 V, 60 Hz supply.
leads the applied voltage by 45, then capacitive reactance is ___. Calculate the inductance of a coil to be connected in series with the
a. 70.7  c. 141.42  lamp so that the voltage across the lamp is 100 V.
b. 100  d. 50  a. 0.367 H c. 0.687 H
b. 0.4998 H d. 0.555 H
87. An impedance coil draws an apparent power of 50 VA and an active
power of 40 W. Solve for the Q-factor of the coil.
a. 0.6 c. 1.25
Page 11 of 15
101. A 240 V, 60 Hz generator supplies energy to a parallel circuit b. 1045 Hz d. 1540 Hz
consisting of a 5- capacitive reactance, a 2- resistor and a (0.10 +
j0.40) S admittance. Determine the feeder current. 114. When 200 V sinusoidal peak to peak is connected across an ac
a. 203.65 A c. 189.24 A voltmeter, it will read ___ V.
b. 194.52 A d. 210.83 A a. 141.4 c. 100
b. 70.7 d. 0
102. A series RLC circuit has L = 10 mH. If the total current and voltage
are i = 12.5 cos (3000t - 55) and are v = 353.5 cos (3000t - 10). 115. Impedances Z 1=5.83 ∠−59 Ω and
a. 33.3 µF c. 20 µF Z 2=8.94 ∠63.43 Ω are in series and carry an effective current of
b. 12.8 µF d. 28.8 µF 5 A. Determine the complex power drawn.
a. 175 – j75 c. 175 + j75
103. A voltage wave is given by e = 100 sin 314t. How long does it take b. 175 – j275 d. 175 + j275
this waveform to complete one-fourth cycle?
a. 20 ms c. 10 ms 116. A resultant current is made up of two components: a 10-A dc
b. 5 ms d. 15 ms component and a sinusoidal component of maximum value 14.14 A. The
average value of the resultant wave is ___A, while its rms value is ___ A.
104. An impedance coil having an impedance of 10 + jX ohms is a. 19, 17.318 c. 10, 14.14
connected in parallel with a 50- resistance. The combination is b. 19, 14.14 d. 10, 17.318
connected across a 110-V ac source. If the total power drawn by the
circuit is 500 W, find the value of X. 117. A coil takes apparent and reactive powers of 100 VA and 80 VAR
a. 19.21  c. 12.42  respectively. The Q-factor of the coil is __.
b. 10.52  d. 15.24  a. 1.33 c. 8
b. 10 d. 1.25
105. A series RC circuit takes a current whose equation is i = 0.85 sin
(754t + /4) A when connected to a source of emf having the equation e 118. A short-wave radio broadcasting station operates on a wavelength
= 340 sin 754t. Find the capacitance of the capacitor. of 15 m. What is its operating frequency in kHz?
a. 7.41 µF c. 5.25 µF a. 60000 c. 15000
b. 6.18 µF d. 4.69 µF b. 50000 d. 20000

106. Two impedances, Z1=0.8 + j5.6 and Z2=8 – j16 and a single-phase
119. A resistor and an inductor are connected in parallel to a 120-V, 60
motor are connected in parallel across 200 V rms, 60 Hz supply. The
Hz source. If the total current and power in the circuit are respectively
motor draws 5 kVA at 80% pf lagging. A capacitor is connected in parallel
17 A and 1800 W, find the value of L.
with the loads. Find the capacitance in µF to improve the overall pf to
a. 0.0398 H c. 0.0482 H
unity.
b. 0.0284 H d. 0.0338 H
a. 530 c. 525
b. 518 d. 520
120. A circuit has an impedance of (1 – j2) ohms. The susceptance of the
circuit is __.
107. An induction motor with a shaft power output of 1.56 kW has an
a. 0.1 mho c. 0.2 mho
efficiency of 85%. At this load, the pf is 0.80 lagging. Determine reactive
b. 0.4 mho d. 0.3 mho
power.
a. 2.2 kVAR c. 1.37 kVAR
121. Find the current in an inductance of 5 mH, given the voltage across
b. 1.67 kVAR d. 2.18 kVAR
the element v = 75 sin (5000t - 45) V.
a. 3 sin (5000t - 135) c. 25 sin (5000t - 135)
108. A circuit consist of pure resistance and a coil connected in series.
b. 3 sin (5000t + 45) d. 25 sin (5000t + 45)
Power dissipated in the resistance and in the coil are 1000 W and 250
W, respectively. Voltage drop across resistance and the coil are 200 V
122. An AC voltage (100 + j60) V is applied to a circuit and the current so
and 300 V respectively. Determine the inductance of the coil, f = 60 Hz.
produced is (-4 + j10) A. The power consumed in the circuit is ___.
a. 0.245 H c. 0.663 H
a. -400 W c. 100 W
b. 0.157 H d. 0.722 H
b. 200 W d. 50 W
109. A telephone receiver has an impedance of 306 ohms at 800 cps and
123. A series RL circuit takes 10 A and absorbs 250 W when connected
a resistance of 60 ohms. For what value of capacitance of a capacitor in
across a 220 V, 60 Hz source. What power will it absorb when connected
series with the coil will the pf be unity at 1000 cps?
across 110 V, 25 Hz mains?
a. 0.398 µF c. 0.504 µF
a. 539 W c. 239 W
b. 0.425 µF d. 0.606 µF
b. 439 W d. 339 W
110. Given v = 200 sin 377t V and i = 8 sin (377t - 30 ) A for an AC circuit.
124. A relay coil carries a polarizing current of 1 A dc and a signal ac
Determine reactive power in VAR.
current of 3 A at 50 Hz. If the coil resistance is 5 , the power dissipated
a. 693 c. 800
by the coil is ___ watts.
b. 401 d. 400
a. 20 c. 5
b. 80 d. 50
111. An alternating current of frequency 50 Hz has a maximum value of
282.84 A. Reckoning the time from the instant the current is zero and
becoming positive, find the time taken by the current to reach a value of 125. A series RLC consist of a 25  resistor, a 0.221 H inductor and a
141.4 A for the first time. 66.3 µF capacitor. For what 60 cycle impressed voltage will the current
a. 1.67 ms c. 1.46 ms be 2.5 A?
b. 1.35 ms d. 1.54 ms a. 120 V c. 122 V
b. 128 V d. 125 V
112. A two-branch parallel circuit, branch 1 (resistance of 5  in series
with an inductor 0.6 mH), branch 2 (resistance of 4  in series with a
126. A 50 µF capacitor is connected across a 230-V, 50 Hz supply.
capacitor C). Find C at resonance when the frequency of the driving
Calculate the maximum current drawn by the capacitor.
voltage is 5000 rad/s.
a. 3.62 A c. 8.33 A
a. 34.5 µF c. 20.6 µF
b. 5.11 A d. 11.12 A
b. 11.3 µF d. 28.4 µF
127. For a triangular wave, the form factor is ___.
113. At what frequency will the current lead the voltage by 30 in a
a. 1.05 c. 1.11
series circuit with R = 8  and C = 30 µF?
b. 1.15 d. 1.20
a. 1149 Hz c. 1280 Hz
Page 12 of 15
 141. In a parallel RC circuit, R = 10  and C = 100 µF. If the current in the
128. The voltage across a load is represented by e = 20 + 30 sin 377t + 50 resistor is 15 cos (5000t - 30) A, find the current in the capacitor.
sin (1130t + 20). Solve for the rms voltage. a. 75 cos (5000t + 60) A c. 90 cos (5000t - 120) A
a. 67.4 V c. 55.8 V b. 75 cos (5000t - 120) A d. 90 cos (5000t + 60) A
b. 59.2 V d. 45.8 V
142. Find the form factor for a half-wave rectified alternating current.
129. A coil takes 300 W at a pf of 0.8 from a 120 V, 60 Hz supply. a. 1.38 c. 1.57
Determine the inductance of the coil. b. 1.414 d. 1.11
a. 0.06 H c. 0.025 H
b. 0.015 H d. 0.053 H 143. A two-element series circuit with R = 5  and XL = 15  has an
effective voltage of 31.6 V across the resistance. Find the complex
130. Given a 10- resistor in series with a 10-µF capacitor, determine power.
the two-element parallel equivalent if w = 200 rad/s. a. 200 + j600 c. 200 - j600
a. R =25 k, C=10 µF c. R =20 k, C=15 µF b. 600 + 200 d. 600 – j200
b. R =25 k, C=15 µF d. R =20 k, C=10 µF
144. A non-sinusoidal voltage wave consists of a fundamental and a
131. An ac current is given by i = 100 sin 100t. It will achieve a value of third harmonic. If the effective values of the composite wave and the
50 A after ___ second. fundamental are 240 V and 230 V, respectively, calculate the effective
a. 1/1800 c. 1/600 value of the third harmonic.
b. 1/900 d. 1/300 a. 72 V c. 85 V
b. 69 V d. 91 V
132. A non-inductive resistance and a condenser are connected in series
across 220-V, 60 Hz mains. They are adjusted so that the current is 8 A 145. A two-circuit elements R and X are in series connection have
and the power absorbed is 250 W. What is the value of the capacitance? current and total voltage equations i = 13.42 sin (500t – 53.4) A and v =
a. 97.44 µF c. 101.63 µF 150 sin (500t +10) V. Find the resistance R.
b. 88.55 µF d. 92.73 µF a. 6.67  c. 10 
b. 8.11  d. 5 
133. The impedance of the circuit is 10 ohms. If the inductive
susceptance is 1 mho, then the inductive reactance is ___. 146. A coil takes 12 A from 60 Hz, 200 V source. A 100 µF capacitor is
a. 10  c. 1  connected across the coil and the total current drops to 10 A. Determine
b. 100  d. 1/10  the reactance of the coil.
a. 13.84  c. 9.29 
134. An inductive reactance of 8  is connected in parallel with a b. 11.42  d. 8.52 
capacitive reactance of 18 ; this combination is then connected in
series with a variable resistance. For what values of resistance will the pf 147. A voltage sine wave passes through zero at t = 0 and each 3.93 ms
be 0.5? thereafter. At t = 3.12 ms, the voltage is 30 V. Find the maximum value
a. 5.6  c. 2.5  of the voltage.
b. 10.7  d. 8.3  a. 49.7 V c. 52.4 V
b. 47.9 V d. 54.2 V
135. An impedance coil is connected in series with a fixed resistor, and a
120-V, 25-cycle source is then impressed across the combination. If the 148. A coil of pf 0.80 is connected in series with a 110 µF capacitor. The
voltage drops across the coil and resistor are 70 and 80 V, respectively, supply frequency is 50 Hz. The voltage across the coil is found to be
when the current is 1.4 A, find the resistance of the coil. equal to the voltage across the capacitor. Find the inductance of the coil.
a. 22.4  c. 28.1  a. 0.055 H c. 0.025 H
b. 13.8  d. 15.4  b. 0.067 H d. 0.042 H

136. A coil of 20- resistance and 150 mH inductance are connected in 149. A series circuit consisting of a 0.0795 H inductor and a 177 µF
series with a capacitor to produce resonance at 60 Hz. What shall be the capacitor is connected to a 120-V variable frequency source. At what
value of the capacitor if the supply voltage is 100 sin 377t? frequency will the current be 4 A lagging?
a. 50 µF c. 47 µF a. 82 Hz c. 22 Hz
b. 22 µF d. 34 µF b. 34 Hz d. 58 Hz

137. A sinusoidal current has a maximum value of 20 A. Find its 150. The voltage in an alternating current circuit at any time t seconds is
instantaneous value at 135. given by v = 60 sin 40t V. Find the first time when the voltage is 20 V.
a. 12.12 A c. 10.65 A a. 9.684 ms c. 8.496 ms
b. 14.14 A d. 15.73 A b. 9.175 ms d. 7.250 ms

138. An induction motor is rated 240 V, 150 A, and 0.707 pf. What is the 151. A two-element series RC circuit has an average power of 940 W and
size of the capacitor in kVAR which must be placed in parallel with the a pf of 0.707 leading. Determine the capacitance C if the applied voltage
circuit to improve the pf to 95% lagging? is v = 99 cos (6000t + 30) V.
a. 12.56 kVAR c. 18.52 kVAR a. 51 µF c. 64 µF
b. 16.58 kVAR d. 17.09 kVAR b. 33 µF d. 26 µF

139. An alternating current is given by i = 10 sin 314t. How long will it 152. An inductive circuit takes 10 A and 1920 W when connected to a
take to generate two cycles of current? 240-V, 60 Hz source. When a capacitor is connected across the circuit,
a. 0.02 s c. 0.04 s the magnitude of the current is unaltered. Determine the size of the
b. 0.06 s d. 0.08 s capacitor in microfarads.
a. 132.62 c. 142.25
b. 126.53 d. 136.67

140. An impedance coil has a constant resistance of 2  and a variable

inductance. What resistance must be connected in series with it so that 153. The equation of an ac current is given by i = 80 sin 628t. Calculate
it will take 5 A from a 110-V, 60-Hz mains with a phase angle of 60  the form factor.
between the current and the impressed emf? a. 0636 c. 1.11
a. 6  c. 9  b. 0.9 d. 1.41
b. 12  d. 10 

Page 13 of 15
154. Find the value of impedance which absorbs a complex power of a. 35.7 A c. 39.6 A
5000 ∠45 ° VA when the rms current through it is 12.5 A. b. 33.8 A d. 30.5 A
a. 22.62 – j22.62  c. 22.62 + j22.62 
b. 16.97 + j16.97  d. 16.97 – j16.97  167. A 50-Hz sinusoidal has a maximum value of 56.56 V. At what time
measured from a positive maximum value will the instantaneous voltage
155. A dc generator and a 60 Hz single-phase alternator are connected be 14.14 V?
in series and supply current to a circuit connected across their outer a. 4.2 ms c. 3.6 ms
terminals to a circuit connected across their outer terminals. The b. 3.8 ms d. 4.0 ms
terminal potentials of the generators are constant and each 115 V. If the
circuit to which they supply is an impedance coil having a resistance of 5 168. Three loads with impedances of Z1= 60 + j0, Z2=6 + j12, and Z3=30
 and an inductance of 0.05 H, determine the effective value of the – j30, ohms respectively are connected in parallel across a 1200 V ac
current. source. Determine the total complex power drawn b the loads.
a. 23 A c. 19.5 A a. 72 kW – j120 kVAR c. 96 kW + j72 kVAR
b. 6 A d. 23.74 A b. 72 kW + j120 kVAR d. 96 kW – j72 kVAR

156. An alternating voltage is given by e = 20 sin 314t. The time taken by 169. The voltage and current on a circuit are e = 200 sin 377t V and i = 8
the voltage to reach -20 V for the first time is ___. sin (377t - 30) A for an AC circuit. Determine the average power drawn.
a. 0.02 s c. 0.005 s a. 692.8 W c. 800 W
b. 0.04 s d. 0.015 s b. 1385.64 W d. 1600 W

157. The following information is given in connection with three loads in 170. A 20 µF capacitor is in parallel with a practical inductor represented
parallel. Load A = 4.6 kW at unity pf; Load B = 11.5 kVA at lagging pf of by L = 1 mH in series with R = 7 ohms. Find the resonant frequency in
0.6; Load C = 5.52 kW at leading pf of 0.80. Determine the overall pf. rad/s of the parallel circuit.
a. 0.962 lag c. 0.962 lead a. 900 c. 159
b. 0.895 lag d. 0.896 lead b. 1000 d. 800

158. An impedance coil and a non-inductive resistance are connected in 171. A 110-V, 40 W lamp is connected to a 240-V, 50 Hz supply with a
parallel. The complex expression for the impressed emf is (-200 – j100) V capacitor in series with the lamp so that it operates as its normal
and for the total current, (-20 + j10) A. If the current in the non-inductive voltage. Determine the capacitance of the capacitor used.
resistance is 10 A, what is the reactance of the coil? a. 3.75 µF c. 7.18 µF
a. 7.07  c. 10  b. 5.42 µF d. 9.43 µF
b. 13.12  d. 12 
172. A 4500-VA load at a pf of 0.75 lagging is supplied by a 60 Hz source
159. A capacitor is connected in parallel to a coil of impedance 50 + j80 at effective voltage of 240 V. Determine the parallel capacitance
ohms. What is the capacitance of the capacitor so that the resulting pf is necessary to improve the pf to 0.90 lagging.
unity? a. 45.6 µF c. 73.1 µF
a. 23.84 µF c. 20.18 µF b. 58.2 µF d. 61.8 µF
b. 28.48 µF d. 33.12 µF
173. A load draws a current i = 10 cos (wt - 30) from a voltage e = 220
160. A voltage of 230 V is applied across a series AC circuit X C=25 , R = sin (wt + 30). Determine the complex impedance of the load?
15 , and XL=10 . The phase angle between voltage and circuit current a. 19.05 – j11 c. 12.5 – j10.5
is ___. b. 19.05 + j11 d. 12.5 + j10.5
a. 66 c. 30
b. 60 d. 45 174. In an RLC circuit, v(t) = 20 sin (314t + 5/6) V and i(t) = 10 sin (314t
+ 2/3) A. The power drawn is __ watts.
161. Three parallel circuits take the following currents: i 1 = 5 sin 314t; i2 = a. 200 c. 50
30 sin (314t + /2); i3 = 25 sin (314t - /2). The expression of the total b. 173.2 d. 86.6
current is ___.
a. 25 sin (314t + /3) c. 10 sin (314t - /6) 175. The voltage and current for a circuit element are e = 6 cos (1000t -
b. 7.071 sin (314t + /4) d. 5 sin (314t - /3) 80) V and i = 3 cos (1000t + 10) A Identify the element and find its
value?
a. 2  resistor c. 200 µF capacitor
162. A current wave is given by i=4+2 2sin 3 θ+ 4√ √ 2sin 5 θ . b. 500 µF capacitor d. 0.002 H inductor
The rms value of current wave is ___.
a. 10 A c. 6 A 176. A certain passive network has equivalent impedance of (3 + j4) 
b. 5 A d. 44 A√ and an applied voltage of e = 42.5 cos (1000t + 30) V. Solve the complex
power drawn.
163. A passive circuit has an applied voltage, v = 150 cos (wt + 10) V and a. 180.6 + j110.2 c. 108.4 + j144.5
a resulting current i = 5 sin (wt + 40) A. Determine complex power b. 156.4 + j90.3 d. 312.8 + j180.6
drawn.
a. 187.5 – j324.8 c. 375 – j324.8 177. Three elements R = 2.5 , XL=4 , and XC=10  are connected in
b. 375 + j324.8 d. 187.5 + j324.8 parallel. Determine the total admittance of the circuit.
a. 0.533 S c. 0.488 S
164. The circuit element has a current i = 2.5 cos (2500t - 30 ) A and a b. 0.342 S d. 0.427 S
voltage v = 5 sin (2500t - 30) V. What is the element?
a. 2  resistor c. 800 µH inductor 178. A series RL circuit takes 371.2 W at a pf of 0.8 from a 116-V, 60 Hz
b. 200 µF capacitor d. 5 mH inductor source. What additional inductance should be inserted in series if the
overall pf is to be reduced to 0.5?
165. A coil whose resistance and inductance are 5  and 32 mH, a. 60.43 mH c. 102.85 mH
respectively is connected in series with a 796-pF capacitor. Determine b. 85.51 mH d. 110.24 mH
the bandwidth.
a. 22.4 Hz c. 29.5 Hz
b. 24.9 Hz d. 33.1 Hz

166. A unity pf single-phase load of 1794 W is connected in parallel with

another single-phase load of 1656 W operating at a lagging pf of 0.6. If 179. An incandescent lamp is rated 750 W, 100 V. The lamp is to be
the line voltage is 115 V, calculate the total current. connected across a 230 V, 60-Hz supply. Determine the capacitance of a
Page 14 of 15
capacitor to be connected in series with the lamp in order to operate
the lamp normally.
a. 91 µF c. 84 µF
b. 78 µF d. 96 µF

180. A capacitor draws 6 mA when connected across a 110-V 60-Hz line.

What will be the current drawn if both frequency and capacitance are
doubled?
a. 12 mA c. 24 mA
b. 6 mA d. 18 mA

181. A cosine wave function has phase angle -26, period 4.19 ms and
magnitude 1.41 mA at t=0.826 ms. Determine the maximum value of
this wave.
a. 1.732 mA c. 4.32 mA
b. 2 mA d. 3 mA

182. A series RC circuit is supplied with 150 V, 50 Hz supply. The current

and power drawn are 2.5 A and 100 W respectively. Determine the
capacitance of the capacitor.
a. 58 µF c. 55 µF
b. 67 µF d. 62 µF

183. A 30 Ω resistor is connected in series with a 500 µF capacitor, a

120-V battery, and three sinusoidal generators. The generator voltages
are 100 sin 30t, 50 sin 80t, and 70 sin 100t V. Determine the rms voltage
across the series resistor-capacitor circuit.
a. 70.71 V c. 135.6 V
b. 49.50 V d. 152 V

*******END*******

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