The Complete Solution IELTS Writing-Part 2

PH N II:
IELTS Writing
Task 2
226
CHƯƠNG 1:
TỔNG QUAN
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A. Giới thiệu chung
Đây là phần thứ 2 của bài thi viết. Phần này yêu cầu thí sinh phải viết 1 bài luận với độ dài ngắn nhất
là 250 từ trong vòng 40 phút.
Không có giới hạn dài nhất của bài luận.
Phần này chiếm 2/3 tổng số điểm của bài thi viết.
Lưu ý quan trọng:
Không đ c vi t t t.
Không s d ng ngôn ng quá xu ng xã.
Không đ c chép l i đ bài.
Không đ c đ o văn.
Nên vi t bài lu n g m đo n văn.
H n ch s d ng thành ng t c ng .
Bài lu n vi t đ cho khán gi không chuyên. Chính vì v y ngôn ng s d ng trong bài
lu n không c n thi t ph i quá chuyên sâu nh bài lu n đ i h c.
Thí sinh trong h u h t các tr ng h p đ u đ c yêu c u ph i đ a ra ý ki n. Thí sinh
hoàn toàn có th đ a ra nh ng tr i nghi m b n thân và nh ng ví d liên quan đ
ch ng minh cho lu n đi m c a mình.
Ch đ c a kì thi vi t IETLS th ng v nh ng ch đ chung chung, không c n thi t
ph i s d ng nh ng ki n th c chuyên ngành. Ví d các ch đ có th bao g m du l ch,
ăn , d ch v , s c kh e và an toàn, gi i trí, v n đ xã h i, v n đ môi tr ng …
Không chép l i c câu ch đ . Giám kh o s không tính câu đ c chép l i là m t ph n
c a bài vi t.
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Giải thích cách tính điểm
Một bài luận IELTS được chấm dựa vào 4 tiêu chí khác nhau, mỗi tiêu chí có giá trị như nhau khi tính
điểm tổng (25% mỗi tiêu chí)
Để được band điểm cao, một bài essay cần:
TR: Task Response
ü Trả lời hết tất cả các phần của đề bài.

ü Có luận điểm rõ ràng.
ü Đưa ra những ý và chi tiết liên quan và phát triển đầy đủ.
CC: Coherence & Cohesion
ü Sắp xếp thông tin một cách logic.

ü Sử dụng từ nối chính xác và hiệu quả.
ü Chia đoạn văn hợp lí.
ü Đưa ra một ý trọng tâm trong mỗi đoạn, có sự tiến triển xuyên suốt.
LR: Lexical Resource
ü Sử dụng vốn từ vựng phong phú theo cách tự nhiên để truyền tải thông điệp chính xác.
ü Sử dụng những từ ít thông dụng với ít lỗi sai.
ü Có ít lỗi sai về chính tả và cấu tạo từ
GRA: Grammatical Range & Accuracy
ü Sử dụng cấu trúc ngữ pháp một cách đa dạng và chính xác
ü Có ít lỗi sai về ngữ pháp và dấu câu, không gây ảnh hưởng đến việc đọc hiểu
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B. KỸ NĂNG VIẾT LẠI CÂU
Ví dụ 1:
The government should support local businesses.
BƯỚC 1: Thay một số từ trong câu gốc bằng những từ đồng nghĩa.
help/aid/assist
The government should support local businesses.
The authorities local companies
CHÚ Ý: Nếu không thể thay tất cả các từ và cụm từ trong câu gốc, có thể giữ nguyên chúng.
BƯỚC 2: Sử dụng những thủ thuật sau

ü Passive – Active
ü Word forms
ü Dummy Subjects
ü Definition
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ü Passive-active
C u trúc câu có th đ c đ i t d ng ch đ ng sang

b đ ng ho c ng c l i:
Local companies should be assisted by the

authorities.
ü Word forms
D ng t c a nhi u t trong câu g c cũng có th

đ c thay đ i.
Support (v) support (n)
Or you can change the form of the synonyms of the

words.
The government Help/Aid/Assist (v) Help/Aid/Assistance (n)

should support
The authorities should provide
local businesses.
support/aid/help/assistance for local
companies.
ü Dummy subjects
S d ng ch ng gi (it, there) đ vi t l i câu.
It is necessary/important/vital for the

authorities to provide assistance for local
companies.
ü Definition
Đ nh nghĩa v m t t ho c c m t cũng có th đ c
đ a ra.
The government national leaders
It is vital for national leaders to provide

assistance for local companies.
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Ví dụ 2:
Many people say that exercise is key to health while others believe that a
balanced diet is more important.
ü Vế câu đầu tiên: Many people say that exercise is key to health.
Many people say that It is usually said that
Exercise: Hãy thử đưa ra một định nghĩa nếu không tìm đươc từ đồng nghĩa của từ: Physical
training or physical activities.
Key to: Có 2 cách để thay đổi cụm từ này. Đổi dạng từ: “adj to noun” để thành “the key to” hoặc
có thể giải thích nghĩa của cụm từ này “the most important/vital factor/element”.
Health: Có thể giữ nguyên từ này hoặc đổi dạng danh từ sang tính từ healthy và thêm 1 danh từ
như là body hoặc life.
Câu trên có thể được viết lại như sau:
It is usually said that physical training is the key to a healthy life.

Physical training is usually said to be the most vital element in a healthy life.
ü Vế câu thứ 2: others believe that a balanced diet is more important.

Có thể sử dụng chủ ngữ giả (it) để viết lại phần này.
It is more necessary to have a balanced diet.
A balanced diet: Đưa ra định nghĩa: a proper eating habit
It is more necessary to have a proper eating habit.
Câu viết lại hoàn chỉnh:
Physical training is usually said to be the most vital element in a healthy life while others think it
is more necessary to have a proper eating habit.
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BÀI TẬP CÓ HƯỚNG DẪN
Detailed description of crimes on TV is having a bad effect on society, so it should be restricted.
Nhận dạng các từ và cụm từ có thể thay thế bằng từ đồng nghĩa:
Original words or phrases Synonyms
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Passive - Active:
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Word forms:
Description (n) .......................... (v)
Crimes (n) .......................... (adj)
Effect (n) .......................... (v)
Restrict (v) .......................... (n)
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Dummy-subjects (it, there)
It is necessary for ...
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There should be ...
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Câu viết lại hoàn chỉnh:
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LUYỆN TẬP
1. The world’s most urgent problems can be solved by international collaboration.
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2. The government spends too much money on developing space exploration technology. There are
many other financial needs that the government should address instead.
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3. Some unpaid community services should be a compulsory part of high school programs.
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4. In order to improve educational quality, high school students are encouraged to make comments or
even criticism on their teachers.
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5. Governments should spend money on measures to save languages that are used by few speakers.
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6. In today's world of advanced science and technology, we still greatly value our artists such as
musicians, painters and writers.
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7. Public museums and art galleries will not be needed because people can see historical objects and
works of art by using a computer.
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8. Too much attention and too many resources are given to the protection of wild animals and birds.
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9. Artists should receive funding from the government in order for them to continue with their work.
(*receive provide)
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10. The performance of staff can have significant impact on the success of a company.
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11. Professional workers like doctors, nurses and teachers make a greater contribution to society and
so, should be paid more than sports and entertainment celebrities.
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12. Wild animals have no place in the 21st century, so protecting them is a waste of money.
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C. ĐOẠN VĂN
Một đoạn văn tốt cần có 2 yếu tố sau:
1. Câu mở đoạn:
ü Đây là câu đầu tiên của một đoạn.
ü Câu mở đoạn khái quát ý chính và nội dung mà người viết muốn triển khai trong đoạn.
ü Câu mở đoạn thường ngắn, đơn giản và đi thẳng vào vấn đề.
2. Câu triển khai ý

ü Những câu triển khai { được dùng để phân tích và phát triển { đã được đưa ra ở câu mở đoạn.
ü Những chi tiết được đưa vào những câu này cần liên quan, logic, và cụ thể.
ü There are several things that can be given as details to analyze and develop the idea:
ü Một số chi tiết có thể đươc dùng để phân tích và phát triển ý:
Definition
Reason & Result
Example
Comparison
Hypothesis
Fact
Một đoạn thường có 4 đến 5 câu.

Một đoạn không cần câu kết bài.
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Advertising helps us shop
better.
Definition: Advertising is a form of commercial communication that tells us what is

most suitable for our needs.
Reason & result: The reason is that advertisements on TV and in supermarkets are
the way to give us information about the product we are going to buy. Therefore, we
will know the product better and make wiser decisions.
Example: For example, whenever I want to buy any electric devices, I have to check
their adverts to know the choices I have before making any purchases.
Comparison: In the past, we could not know anything about what we were going to
buy and were more likely to make bad decisions. Meanwhile, in the modern world of
advertising, we are able to know exactly what we need to buy before going to
shopping malls or supermarkets.
Hypothesis: Unless we have advertising to keep us well-informed, we will be more

likely to buy things we do not really need.
Fact: In fact, we can see all kinds of adverts, from flyers to banners, in every shopping
mall and supermarket to give us information about the products that are being sold.
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Luyện tập:
Viết 3-4 câu mở rộng câu mở đoạn sau:
1. Advertising helps businesses reach potential customers.
Useful vocabulary
ü Target audience: people who are the target of advertising
ü Prospective customers: people who are interested and likely to use a company’s products
or services.
ü To be well-informed: to be given with a lot of information
Mở rộng đoạn văn .........................................................................................................................................
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2. Advertising greatly contributes to the development of any economy.
Useful vocabulary:
A multibillion-dollar industry: an industry that creates great wealth
Job opportunities: employment
To work in publicity: if a person works in publicity, it means that his/her job is to attract
attention from the public.
Mở rộng đoạn văn .........................................................................................................................................
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3. Advertising sometimes can be very harmful to people in general.
Useful vocabulary
Advertising techniques: techniques used to advertise a product
To make impulsive purchases: to buy something without thinking carefully
Commercials and promotion videos: adverts and videos that help selling a product
Sexually explicit advertisements: adverts that deliberately contain erotic content and
images
Mở rộng đoạn văn .........................................................................................................................................
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D. CẤU TRÚC 1 BÀI LUẬN HOÀN CHỈNH
Cách viết bài sử dụng cấu trúc 4 đoạn văn này có thể áp dụng để viết hầu hết các đề bài luận task
2 của IELTS.
Có một số ngoại lệ khi đề bài yêu cầu cụ thể thí sinh phải viết hơn 2 đoạn thân bài.
Cấu trúc bài luận 4 đoạn:
MỞ BÀI • Giới thiệu chủ đề

• Trả lời câu hỏi/đưa ra định hướng bài viết
2-3 câu
• Đoạn 1
• Câu mở đoạn
THÂN BÀI • Câu triển khai { (giải thích và ví dụ)
• Đoạn 2
2 đoạn • Câu mở đoạn
• Câu triển khai { (giải thích và ví dụ)
KẾT BÀI
• Nhắc lại câu trả lời
1-2 câu
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CHƯƠNG II
CÁCH VIẾT TỪNG PHẦN
CỦA MỘT BÀI LUẬN
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1. MỞ BÀI
Một mở bài tốt cần làm được 2 nhiệm vụ:
Giới thiệu chủ đề (1-2 câu)
Trả lời câu hỏi, đưa ra định hướng cho bài viết (1-2 câu)
Ví dụ:
Chủ đề:
Some people think that video games are advantageous while others believe video games are harmful to
the people who play them.
Yêu cầu:
Discuss both views and give your opinion
Mở bài:
Cách 1: Some people think that playing video games is beneficial to their users while others say that
video games are more disadvantageous (Giới thiệu chủ đề). I will discuss both sides of this argument
in my essay below and give my personal view in the conclusion (Đưa ra định hướng bài viết).
Cách 2: Some people think that playing video games is beneficial to their users while others say that
video games are more disadvantageous (Giới thiệu chủ đề). Personally I believe these players can
enjoy a lot of benefits from video games. (Trả lời câu hỏi)
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So sánh 2 cách viết mở bài:
Cách 1: Dễ hơn, tiết kiệm thời gian để tập trung vào thân bài, tránh lặp từ lặp ý.
Cách 2: Mất nhiều thời gian hơn, có khả năng sẽ lặp từ lặp ý.
5 hiểu nhầm khi viết mở bài:
Mở bài phải thú vị mới được điểm cao.
Viết càng dài càng tốt.
Chép lại đề bài.
Thay hết các từ có trong đề bài.
Trả lời câu hỏi một cách mơ hồ.
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Luyện tập
1. Nowadays, there are more and more people who decide to live in cities.
What are the reasons and effects of this?
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2. Students leave high schools without learning the way to manage their money.
What are the reasons and solutions?
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3. Some people think it is more important to spend money on roads and motorways than on public
transport systems.
To what extend do you agree or disagree?
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4. Schools are no longer necessary because children can get so much information available through
the Internet, and they can study just as well at home.
To what extent do agree or disagree?
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2. CÁCH PHÁT TRIỂN THÂN BÀI
Một đoạn thân bài tốt thường phải thỏa mãn những yếu tố sau:
Có một ý chủ đạo

Ý chủ đạo được triển khai bằng những lời giải thích và ví dụ cụ thể.
Ví dụ:
Topic:
Some people think that video games are advantageous while others believe video games are
harmful to the people who play them.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Đoạn 1:
On the one hand, playing video games has some advantages (Topic sentence). Firstly, games help their
players relax and therefore improve their work efficiency afterwards (Sub-idea 1). This is extremely
important for both working people and students who have to deal with increasing workload nowadays
(Supporting sentence). Secondly, playing games also has some educational purposes (Sub-idea 2). For
example, many modern games are designed with English instructions, and players around the world
can play together and communicate in English. This motivates players to learn English in order to play
the games well (Supporting sentences).
Lưu ý: Không cần thiết phải viết câu kết đoạn.
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Đoạn 2:
On the other hand, playing video games frequently causes several problems for players (Topic
sentence). ......................................................................................................................................................
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Đoạn mẫu:
sentence). To begin with, such an activity is really addictive and sometimes takes away too much time,
which will make it extremely difficult for people to get out and do exercise (Sub-idea 1). Consequently,
these people are likely to suffer from a lot of diseases, such as back pain or maybe obesity, due to this
lack of physical exercise (Supporting sentence). The second disadvantage of playing games is that it can
distract players, especially young students, from their study or work (Sub-idea 2). For instance, my
younger brother used to spend hours playing games everyday, and now his scores at school are really
low (Supporting sentence).
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3. CÁCH VIẾT KẾT BÀI
Khẳng định lại quan điểm, và có thể tóm tắt các ý chính trong bài TRONG 1-2 CÂU.
Ví dụ:
Topic:
Some people think that video games are advantageous, while others believe video games are harmful to
the people who play them.
Kết bài:
In conclusion, playing video games is both advantageous and disadvantageous in many aspects.
And in my view, the extent to which each user of video games is affected is different and more
or less depends on how much time he or she spends on those games.
In conclusion, it seems to me that the disadvantages of video games are more significant than
the advantages.
Chú ý: Không đề cập đến những gì đề bài không yêu cầu.
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BÀI VIẾT HOÀN CHỈNH
Some people think that playing video games is beneficial to their users while others say that video
games are more disadvantageous (Giới thiệu chủ đề). I will discuss both sides of this argument in my
essay below and give my personal view in the conclusion (Đưa ra định hướng bài viết).
On the one hand, playing video games has some advantages (Topic sentence). Firstly, games help their
players relax and therefore improve their work efficiency afterwards (Sub-idea 1). This is extremely
important for both working people and students who have to deal with increasing workload nowadays
(Supporting sentence). Secondly, playing games also has some educational purposes (Sub-idea 2). For
example, many modern games are designed with English instructions, and players around the world can
play together and communicate in English. This motivates players to learn English in order to play the
games well. (Supporting sentences)
sentence). To begin with, such an activity is really addictive and sometimes takes away too much time,
which will make it extremely difficult for people to get out and do exercise (Sub-idea 1). Consequently,
these people are likely to suffer from a lot of diseases, such as back pain or maybe obesity, due to this
lack of physical exercise (Supporting sentence). The second disadvantage of playing games is that it can
distract players, especially young students, from their study or work (Sub-idea 2). For instance, my
younger brother used to spend hours playing games everyday, and now his scores at school are really
low (Supporting sentence).
In conclusion, playing video games is both advantageous and disadvantageous in many aspects. And in
my view, the extent to which each user of video games is affected is different and more or less depends
on how much time he or she spends on those games. (Đưa ra quan điểm)
282 words
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CÁCH VI T CÁC D NG
BÀI LU N TRONG IELTS
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Đề thi viết Task 2 trong kì thi IELTS thường là 1 trong các dạng bài sau:
Opinion
Đề bài đưa ra 1 quan điểm cá nhân của ai đó về một vấn đề có sẵn và yêu cầu người viết thể hiện ý kiến
của mình về quan điểm kia. Cách đặt câu hỏi: “Do you/To what extent do you agree or disagree with
the statement?”
Discussion
Đề bài đưa ra 2 quan điểm trái chiều nhau về một vấn đề có sẵn và yêu cầu người viết bàn luận về 2
quan điểm trái chiều đó và đưa ra quan điểm cá nhân của mình. Cách đặt câu hỏi: “Discuss both views
and give your opinion.”
Advantage and disadvantage
Đề bài đưa ra một vấn đề và yêu cầu người viết bàn luận về mặt lợi và hại của vấn đề đó. Cách đặt câu
hỏi: “Is it a positive or negative development?” hoặc “Do the advantages outweigh the
disadvantages?”
Cause and solution
Đề bài đưa ra 1 vấn đề và yêu cầu người viết đưa ra nguyên nhân và giải pháp hoặc nguyên nhân và
ảnh hưởng của vấn đề đó. Cách đặt câu hỏi: “What are the causes and solutions/effects?”
Direct question
Đề bài đưa ra 1 vấn đề và yêu cầu người viết trả lời 2 câu hỏi liên quan đến vấn đề dó.
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CHƯƠNG III:
Dạng bài Opinion
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Đây là một dạng bài phổ biến nhất trong bài thi viết IELTS. Đề bài thường đưa ra 1 hoặc 2 ý kiến
nào đó và yêu cầu người viết cần đưa ra { kiến của mình về những vấn đề đó.
Ví dụ một số đề thuộc dạng Opinion
Topic 1:
Government should invest more money in science education rather than other subjects to develope
the country.
Do you agree or disagree?
Topic 2:
Everyone should stay at school until 18.

To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Topic 3:
Some people think it is more important to spend money on roads and motorways than on public
transport systems.
To what extend do you agree?
Topic 4:
The best way to reduce youth crimes is to educate their parents with parental skills.
To what extent you agree or disagree?
256
Ví dụ:
Topic 1:
Government should invest more money in science education rather than other subjects to develope
the country.
Bài mẫu
It is said that government funding for education should give preference to science-based subjects over
others, in an attempt to help boost a countries future development and progress. Although an increase
in scientific developments can have many benefits to national progress, this essay disagrees that science
is the primary contributor.
There is no question that the advent of modern science has brought with it a number of
improvements to the way that countries and societies function. For example, increases in electrical and
computer based technologies have led to much more streamlined and efficient workplaces. Computers
and computerized machinery can now do the work of what would have previously been carried out by
humans, allowing greater efficiency and higher productivity output. Another benefit that modern
science has granted is the development of renewable energy. Sources of renewable energy, such as
solar and wind generated power, are beginning to help ease the planet’s reliance on fossil fuels.
That being said, an increase in scientific education and development must not be the main measure of
a country’s progress. It can be seen that the study of many other disciplines of education can also
attribute to a countries progress. Take for example, the Arts and Humanities. Subjects such as History
and Philosophy have allowed us to gain a better understanding of humanity and can help to gain more
insight into how we can move forward as a race. Other subjects such as the Arts, allow societies and
individuals to express themselves creatively through mediums such as music, film and other art forms. It
can be argued that this can also help to improve the quality of people’s lives and therefore help towards
a countries overall development.
In conclusion, although developments in science have led to many beneficial advantages for most
countries, science alone is not the key contributor to a country’s progress. In my opinion, most countries
would benefit greater from a more well-rounded education, with emphasis on all disciplines, not only
that of science.
257
Phân tích bài mẫu
Bài mẫu áp dụng cấu trúc bài viết 4 đoạn:
Mở bài:
Giới thiệu chủ đề bằng 1 câu cũng như đưa ra quan điểm cá nhân về ý kiến được nêu lên ở phần đề bài:
“Although an increase in scientific developments can have many benefits to national progress, this
essay disagrees that science is the primary contributor.”
Như vậy người chấm sẽ hình dung được phần thân bài sẽ đề cập đến những ích lợi của việc đầu tư vào
giáo dục khoa học cũng như những lợi ích của việc đầu tư vào những môn khác.
Thân bài
ü Đoạn 1 nói về một số ích lợi của đầu tư vào giáo dục khoa học đối với sự phát triển của xã hội như
là: increase work efficiency và ease our reliance on fossil fuesl.
ü Đoạn 2 đề cập đến những khía cạnh khác của giáo dục cũng cống hiến đến sự phát triển của đất
nước, như là: Arts and Humanities.
Kết bài:
Khẳng định lại rằng giáo dục khoa học đem lại nhiều lợi ích nhưng chính phủ cần quan tâm toàn diện
đến nhiều khía cạnh khác nhau của giáo dục để đất nước có thể phát triển: “In conclusion, although
developments in science have led to many beneficial advantages for most countries, science alone is
not the key contributor to a country’s progress. In my opinion, most countries would benefit greater
from a more well-rounded education, with emphasis on all disciplines, not only that of science.”
Lưu ý: Điều quan trọng nhất khi viết bài luận về dạng đề này đó là quan điểm cá nhân phải được
thể hiện rất rõ xuyên suốt cả bài.
258
Topic 2:
Everyone should stay at school until 18.

To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Đại ý
Những lợi ích mà việc học có thể đem lại nếu học đến năm 18 tuổi là gì?
Help them develop their education and give them time to think about their future career path.
Reduce social problems and unemployment rates
Những bất lợi mà việc học có thể đem lại nếu học đến năm 18 tuổi là gì?
We should not force all students to remain at school if they don’t want to.
Some careers don’t require students to remain at school until 18.
Dàn bài
• Giới thiệu chủ đề

• Đưa ra quan điểm cá nhân
Mở bài
• Đoạn 1: Lợi ích của việc học đến năm 18 tuổi

• Đoạn 2: Những hạn chế của việc học đến năm 18 tuổi
Thân bài
• Khẳng định lại quan điểm cá nhân

Kết bài
259
Thực hành:
(Giới thiệu chủ đề) .........................................................................................................................................
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Although staying at school until adulthood can produce a number benefits, I personally disagree with
this idea for a number of reasons, which will be outlined in this essay.
On the one hand, the idea that children should continue to study at school until the age of 18 does have
a number of benefits. (Mở rộng đoạn văn)
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On the other hand, there are also a number of drawbacks that this idea may bring with it. (Mở rộng
đoạn văn)
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Bài mẫu tham khảo
Some people think that all children should stay at school until the age of 18. Although staying at school
until adulthood can produce a number benefits, I personally disagree with this idea for a number of
reasons, which will be outlined in this essay.
On the one hand, the idea that children should continue to study at school until the age of 18 does have
a number of benefits. Firstly, most young people under the age of 18 have very little real-world
experience and have very little idea of what career they will pursue, and therefore staying at school until
the age of 18 will allow them further opportunity to develop their education and time to decide upon a
suitable career path. Furthermore, forcing children to stay at school until 18 will create a more educated
future generation of people, which may help to reduce some social and unemployment problems.
On the other hand, there are also a number of drawbacks that this idea may bring with it. For instance,
many children these days do not fit-in with the current education system and forcing them to
participate in school can cause many problems. For example, these kinds of students are usually very
disruptive in a classroom and this affects other students who are trying to learn. In addition to this,
many children choose to follow careers that do not require them to continue studying in school past the
age of 16. For example, for those who wish to pursue a career that requires more practical based
learning, such as a qualified builder, electrician or machinery operator, it is quite unnecessary to remain
at school until the age of 18.
In conclusion, although there would be a number of positive effects from children remaining at school
until a later age, I personally feel that the drawbacks outweigh the benefits mentioned above.
262
Lưu ý từ vựng:
Adulthood (n): Tuổi trưởng thành
Real-world experience (n): Kinh nghiệm thực tế
Pursue (v): Theo đuổi
Allow sb further opportunity: Cho ai có thêm cơ hội
Reduce some social and unemployment problems: Giảm thiểu những vấn đề xã hội và thất
nghiệp
Disruptive (adj): Phá quấy
Practical based learning: Học dựa vào kinh nghiệm thực dụng
Cấu trúc ngữ pháp nổi bật:
Firstly, most young people under the age of 18 have very little real-world experience and have
very little idea of what career they will pursue, and therefore staying at school until the age of 18
will allow them further opportunity to develop their education and time to decide upon a suitable
career path.
Furthermore, forcing children to stay at school until 18 will create a more educated future
generation of people, which may help to reduce some social and unemployment problems.
For example, for those who wish to pursue a career that requires more practical based learning,
such as a qualified builder, electrician or machinery operator, it is quite unnecessary to remain at
school until the age of 18
263
Topic 3:
Some people think it is more important to spend money on roads and motorways than on public
transport systems.
To what extend do you agree?
Đại ý
Tầm quan trọng của hệ thống đường xá:
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Tầm quan trọng của hệ thống giao thông công cộng:
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Dàn bài

• Quan điểm cá nhân
Mở bài
• Đoạn 1: Tầm quan trọng của hệ thống đường xá

• Đoạn 2: Tầm quan trọng của hệ thống giao thông công cộng
Thân bài
• Khẳng định lại quan điểm

Kết bài
264
Thực hành
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266
It is argued that money should be spent on developing roads and motorways rather than on public
transport systems. Personally I think both road and public transport systems have vital roles to play in
modern society, and therefore should be equally invested in.
On the one hand, better road quality increases the level of safety and reduces traffic congestion. In
many cities and provinces in Vietnam for example, the number of road accidents is ever-increasing
because there are a lot of holes on the road’s surface. This is a clear evidence that the government
should spend money improving the quality of road systems in order to ensure the safety of people.
Additionally, building wider roads and more motorways in big cities like Ha Chi Minh, where traffic
congestion is still a major problem, will help to increase road capacity. It means that there will be more
space for a larger number of vehicles, hence reducing pressure on the city’s main roads as well as
congestion.
On the other hand, better public transport systems are beneficial for the environment and people who
do not have a private vehicle. In fact, some modes of public transport like subways produce less
pollutants than cars and other private vehicles. Therefore, spending money providing people
with access to public transportwill improve air quality and reduce pollution. Furthermore, for those who
do not have a private vehicle, such as motorbike or car, buses and subways are a great choice if they
have to travel every day.
In conclusion, for the reasons above, I believe money should be well-spent on not only road but also
public transport systems.
267
ü The level of safety: Mức độ an toàn
ü Traffic congestion: Tắc đường
ü Ensure the safety of people: Đảm bảo an toàn cho mọi người
ü Increase road capacity: Tăng trọng tải của đường
ü Reduce the pressure on sth: Giảm áp lực lên cái gì đó
ü Pollutants (n): Chất gây ô nhiễm
In many cities and provinces in Vietnam for example, the number of road accidents is ever-
increasing because there are a lot of holes on the road’s surface.
It means that there will be more space for a larger number of vehicles, hence reducing pressure
on the city’s main roads as well as congestion.
Furthermore, for those who do not have a private vehicle, such as motorbike or car, buses and
subways are a great choice if they have to travel every day.
268
Topic 4:
The best way to reduce youth crimes is to educate their parents with parental skills.
To what extent you agree or disagree?
Gợi ý: Tất cả các đề mà đưa ra những quan điểm như “cái gì là tốt nhất” thì có thể không đồng ý
và viết đoạn thân bài cân bằng. Nghĩa là 1 đoạn thân bài dùng để trình bài tại sao điều đó là tốt/không
tốt và 1 đoạn thân bài còn lại dùng để trình bày những biện pháp khác tốt hơn.
Đại ý
Tại sao kĩ năng nuôi dạy con cái lại là một biện pháp tốt?
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Còn những biện pháp nào khác tốt hơn?
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Dàn ý
•Giới thiệu chủ đề

•Đưa ra quan điểm cá nhân
Mở bài
•Đoạn 1: Tại sao kĩ năng nuôi dạy con cái là một biện pháp tốt
•Đoạn 2: Những biện pháp khác tốt hơn
Thân bài
•Khẳng định lại quan điểm

Kết bài
269
Thực hành
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271
It is true that more and more young people are getting involved in crimes, and how to best address this
critical issue is an ongoing debate. There are many ways to prevent youth crimes, one of which is better
parenting skills; however, those ways need to be carried out simultaneously if they are to be effective.
On the one hand, parents are the closest people to their children and more likely to have an impact on
their children’s behaviour. In fact, a vast number of youth crimes nowadays are the result of
inappropriate childrearing, lack of childcare and education about crime alike. Therefore, it is totally
reasonable to say that improving parenting skills will promise a decrease in juvenile offences.
However, education at home alone is not enough since there are a lot of kids who are not willing to
listen to their parents. And children in this day and age spend the largest amount of time at school, and
therefore are more likely to be influenced by their teachers or friends. For example, in my home country
Vietnam, many high school students are susceptible to negative peer pressure. This usually leads to the
increasing use of alcohol or drugs, all of which are primary contributors to crimes at this age. These facts
suggest that we should introduce education about the consequences one may face when committing an
offence in the school curriculum as well as help children manage negative peer pressure.
In conclusion, enhancing skills to educate children at home is a good way to curb juvenile
delinquencies; but I think there is no one best way to do this as different measures need to be taken at
the same time.
272
Get involved in crimes: Dính líu đến tội phạm
Have an impact on children’s behavior: Có ảnh hưởng đến cách cư xử của trẻ em
Inappropriate childrearing: Cách nuôi dạy con cái không hợp lý
Juvenile offences: Tội phạm vị thành niên
Susceptible to negative peer pressure: Dễ bị ảnh hưởng xấu từ bạn bè
Commit an offence: Phạm tội
Manage negative peer pressure: Kiểm soát ảnh hưởng xấu từ bạn bè
Curb juvenile delinquencies: Giảm thiểu tội phạm vị thành niên
In fact, a vast number of youth crimes nowadays are the result of inappropriate childrearing, lack
of childcare and education about crime alike.
And children in this day and age spend the largest amount of time at school, and therefore are
more likely to be influenced by their teachers or friends.
This usually leads to the increasing use of alcohol or drugs, all of which are primary contributors
to crimes at this age.
273
Đề tự luyện
Topic 1: Nowadays young people spend too much of their free time in shopping malls. This has negative
effects on themselves and the society they live in.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
Topic 2: It is better for college students to live in schools than live at home with their parents.
Topic 3: The best way to solve the world’s environmental problems is to increase the cost of fuels. Do
you agree or disagree?
Topic 4: Solving environmental problems should be the responsibility of international organization

rather than each national government.
Topic 5: Writing, reading and maths are the three recognized traditional subjects. Computer skill should
also be the fourth largest branch.
Topic 6: There have been many inventions in human history (example: the wheel). Some people think
the most important thing is the internet.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
Topic 7: Many people believe that the news media have become influential on people's lives.
274
CHƯƠNG IV:
Dạng bài Discussion
275
Dạng bài này luôn luôn đưa ra 2 quan điểm trái chiều nhau về 1 vấn đề và yêu cầu người viết phải
bàn luận 2 quan điểm đó và đưa ra { kiến cá nhân của mình
Một số ví dụ về dạng bài này:
Topic 1:
Some people think international car-free days are an effective way of reducing air pollution; however,
others think there are some other ways.
Topic 2:
Some people believe that school children should not be given homework by their teachers, whereas
others argue that homework plays an important role in the education of children.
Discuss both of these views and give your own opinion.
Topic 3:
Some people are born to be leaders, while others believe leadership can be learnt.
Discuss both views and give opinion
276
Ví dụ:
Topic 1:
Some people think international car-free days are an effective way of reducing air pollution; however,
others think there are some other ways.
Bài mẫu
While international car-free days are thought to effectively reduce the level of air pollution, some other
people believe there are alternatives that are also effective. I will discuss both of these views in my
essay below.
On the one hand, it is true that exhaust fumes from cars are majorly responsible for polluting the air as
they contain a relatively high proportion of pollutants such as CO2. By having some days without cars on
the road, no harmful smoke will be released into the atmosphere, and this will therefore improve air
quality. This policy is extremely effective in big cities around the world. Take Beijing, the city known for
its dirty air and its atmosphere covered with smog, for example. Since this car-free policy was strictly
operated, the air quality of the city has greatly improved.
On the other hand, local governments should encourage the use of public tranport like subways because
it produces a smaller quantity of pollutants and is less likely to damage the air. Also, the disposal of
waste, especially plastic waste that emits toxic fumes if burned carelessly, at landfills should be closely
monitored. The final and the most effective way is to use sustainable and environmentally energy
sources, for example solar or wind power, to replace fossil fuels in the long term.
In my view, those measures are all effective in addressing the problem of air pollution, but only to a
certain extent. Such a problem needs to be dealt with by different approaches and I always feel that if
there is only one way being implemented, it will not be enough.
277
Đề bài gồm có 2 yêu cầu:
1: Discuss both views (Bàn luận 2 quan điểm: một là “Ngày không lái ô tô là biện pháp rất hiệu
quả để giảm thiểu ô nhiễm không khí” và hai là “Còn nhiều biện pháp khác”)
2: Give your opinion (Đưa ra quan điểm cá nhân, cá nhân mình cảm thấy ngày không lái ô tô hiệu
quả, hay những biện pháp khác hiệu quả hơn, hay { kiến của mình về việc giảm thiểu ô nhiễm
không khí là gì)
Như vậy cấu trúc của bài viết sẽ là:
•Giới thiệu chủ đề

•Định hướng người đọc những gì sẽ đươc bàn luận ở thân bài
Mở bài
•Đoạn 1: Bàn luận về quan điểm ngày không lái ô tô sẽ tốt cho bầu không khí.
•Đoạn 2: Bàn luận về một số biện pháp khác để cải thiện tình hình ô nhiễm
Thân bài không khí.
•Đưa ra quan điểm cá nhân rằng tất cả các biện pháp cần được thực hiện
cùng lúc để có thể đem lại kết quả tốt nhất.
Kết bài
Lưu ý: 2 Đoạn thân bài thường được mở đầu bằng cặp từ nối quen thuộc “On the one hand” và
“On the other hand”.
278
Topic 2:
Some people believe that school children should not be given homework by their teachers, whereas
others argue that homework plays an important role in the education of children.
Discuss both of these views and give your own opinion.
Đại ý
Tại sao nhiều người lại nghĩ tiền thuế nên được tiêu vào chăm sóc sức khỏe?
Ensure the safety of people
Do research on finding new cures for diseases
Tại sao nhiều người khác lại nghĩ có những mối ưu tiên khác cần đươc đầu tư?
Education is important
Technology is also important
Dàn ý

• Định hướng người đọc những gì sẽ đươc bàn luận ở thân bài
Mở bài
• Đoạn 1: Bàn luận về quan điểm tiền thuế nên dành vào chăm sóc
sức khỏe
Thân bài • Đoạn 2: Bàn luận về một số mối ưu tiên khác
• Đưa ra quan điểm cá nhân rằng tất cả các khía cạnh đều quan
trọng và cần đươc đầu tư như nhau.
Kết bài
279
Thực hành
(Giới thiệu chủ đề)
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Both sides of this argument will be discussed in my essay below.
On the one hand, healthcare is essential for the well-being of people in a country as a whole. (Mở rộng
đoạn văn)
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On the other hand, other sectors such as education and technology are also factored in boosting the
nationwide economy. (Mở rộng đoạn văn)
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In conclusion, (Đưa ra quan điểm cá nhân)
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281
Many people suggest governments should allocate their budget from taxes to healthcare services while
others believe some other important fields should be more well-funded. Both sides of this argument will
be discussed in my essay below.
On the one hand, healthcare is essential for the well-being of people in a country as a whole. In fact,
greater governments' funding in improving medical utilities would ensure the safety of the citizens of
that country in the event of traffic accidents or natural calamities. Furthermore, the threat from fatal
contagions, Ebola for example, puts a huge strain on medical systems. An enormous amount of state
money, therefore, is required for establishing research as well as experiment facilities to find new cures
for those diseases.
On the other hand, other sectors such as education and technology are also factored in boosting the
nationwide economy. Firstly, education is the key to having a better future generation. With more state
money for classroom modernization and teacher training, public schools and institutions can provide
practical knowledge to young people who will contribute back to the development of their country.
Secondly, governments should focus their investments on technological innovation as well. It is
apparent that modern technology is indispensable in this industrialized world since human labor is
incomparable with that of machinery in terms of efficiency. Thus, an emphasis should be placed on this
area to benefit the overall growth of the economy.
In conclusion, I would argue that not only healthcare but also other determinants like education and
technology should simultaneously receive the same government’s financial support.
282
The well-being of people: Sự ấm no của mọi người
Natural calamities: Thiên tai
Fatal contagions: Bệnh lây nhiễm chết người
Put a huge strain on medical systems: Đặt gánh nặng lớn lên hệ thống y tế
Contribute back to the development of their country: Cống hiến cho sự phát triển của cộng đồng
Technological innovation: Tiến bộ công nghệ
Financial support: Hỗ trợ tài chính
In fact, greater governments' funding in improving medical utilities would ensure the safety of the
citizens of that country in the event of traffic accidents or natural calamities.
With more state money for classroom modernization and teacher training, public schools and
institutions can provide practical knowledge to young people who will contribute back to the
development of their country.
It is apparent that modern technology is indispensable in this industrialized world since human
labor is incomparable with that of machinery in terms of efficiency.
283
Topic 3:
Some people are born to be leaders, while others believe leadership can be learnt.
Discuss both views and give opinion
Đại ý
Tại sao nhiều người lại nghĩ kĩ năng lãnh đạo là bẩm sinh?
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Tại sao những người khác lại nghĩ kĩ năng lãnh đạo có thể học được?
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Dàn ý

• Định hướng bài viết
Mở bài
• Đoạn 1: Bàn luận tại sao nhiều người lại nghĩ kĩ năng lãnh đạo là bẩm
sinh.
• Đoạn 2: Bàn luận tại sao những người khác lại nghĩ kỹ năng lãnh đạo
Thân bài có thể học được

Kết bài
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286
Some people think that great leaders are born and not made. Others, however, feel that leadership skills
are developed over time through training, experience and mentoring. In my opinion, good leadership
is a combination of both natural abilities and persistent practice.
Those who feel that leadership is a characteristic that some people are born with might argue that good
leaders possess optimism and energy that will encourage others to work together effectively. In fact,
some studies have shown that these characteristics are genetic, as are certain individual talents that one
may be blessed with at birth. Furthermore, people such as Barack Obama, have certain charisma that
allows them to inspire passion and energy in others, and this particular trait is also believed to be
innate.
Nevertheless, many people consider leadership a skill that can be learnt. There are other elements that
make someone a great leader, such as discipline and resourcefulness, which can definitely be
developed through one’s childhood. Furthermore, the credibility of a true leader is built on his self-
confidence and mastery of his area of expertise which only emerge after a great deal of time and
experience. Without these qualities, a leader’s capability may be questioned, and as a result, people are
unlikely to heed the leader’s direction.
Personally, I think the skills and attributes of a good leader are both genetic and enhanced through
training, experience and a lot of persistent hard work. There are many people born without natural
leadership skills that can still become good leaders in the future.
287
A combination of both natural abilities and persistent practice: Sự kết hợp của khả năng bẩm
sinh và luyện tập không ngừng nghỉ
Optimism (n): Sự lạc quan
Charisma (n): Sức hút
Inspire passion and energy in others: Truyền đam mê và năng lượng cho người khác
Discipline and resourcefulness: Tính kỷ luật và sự tháo vát
Heed the leader’s direction: Nghe theo sự chỉ dẫn của lãnh đạo
Cấu trúc câu nổi bật:
Those who feel that leadership is a characteristic that some people are born with might argue that
good leaders possess optimism and energy that will encourage others to work together
effectively.
Furthermore, people such as Barack Obama, have certain charisma that allows them to inspire
passion and energy in others, and this particular trait is also believed to be innate.
There are other elements that make someone a great leader, such as discipline and
resourcefulness, which can definitely be developed through one’s childhood.
Furthermore, the credibility of a true leader is built on his self-confidence and mastery of his area
of expertise which only emerge after a great deal of time and experience.
288
Đề tự luyện
Topic 1: Some people think that developing countries need financial help from international
organizations. Others think that it is practical aid and advice that is needed.
Discuss these views and give your own opinion.
Topic 2: Some people think that governments should ban dangerous sports, while others think people
should have freedom to do any sports or activity.
Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Topic 3: Some people say that the increasing business and cultural contact between countries is a
positive development, while others think that many countries will lose their national identities as a
result.
Topic 4: Some people believe government should spend money on building train and subway lines to
reduce traffic congestion. Others think that building more and wider roads is the better way to reduce
traffic congestion.
Topic 5: Some people think that young people can learn useful skills by playing electronic and computer
games. Others argue that people who play electronic and computer games are wasting their time.
Topic 6: In developing countries, children in rural communities have less access to education. Some
people believe that the problem can be solved by providing more schools and teachers, while others
think that the problem can be solved by providing computers and Internet access.
Topic 7: Some believe that it is good for a country’s culture to import films and TV programmes, while
others think it is better for a country to have their own films and TV programmes.
Discuss both views and give your own opinion
289
CHƯƠNG V:
Dạng bài Advantage or

Disadvantage
290
Đây là dạng bài yêu cầu thí sinh bàn luận về mặt lợi và bất lợi của một vấn đề cho sẵn.
Một số ví dụ về dạng bài này:
Topic 1:
Some universities offer online courses as an alternative to classes delivered on campus.
Do you think this is a positive or negative development?
Topic 2:
Scientists say that in the future humanity will speak the same language.
Do you think this is a positive or negative social development?
Topic 3:
It is becoming increasingly popular to have a year off between finishing school and going to university.
Do the advantages of having a year off outweigh the disadvantages?
Topic 4:
Social media, such as Facebook, Twitter, are replacing face-to-face contact in this century.
Do you think the advantages of this way outweigh the disadvantages?
291
Cấu trúc bài viết
Dạng bài này có 2 cách hỏi:
1. Do you think this is a positive or negative development?

2. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?
Với cả 2 cách hỏi này, bài viết đều có cấu trúc như nhau:

• Đưa ra { kiến cá nhân (Vấn đề này lợi nhiều hơn hay hại nhiều hơn)
Mở bài
• Đoạn 1: Mặt lợi

• Đoạn 2: Mặt hại
Thân bài
• Khẳng định lại { kiến cá nhân

Kết bài
Lưu ý: Việc đưa quan điểm cá nhân lợi nhiều hơn hại KHÔNG có nghĩa là người viết buộc phải
viết về lợi với nhiều { hơn. Bài viết hoàn toàn có thể cân bằng số lượng ý giữa lợi và hại mà không ảnh
hưởng đến ý kiến của người viết.
292
Ví dụ:
Topic 1:
Some universities offer online courses as an alternative to classes delivered on campus.
Do you think this is a positive or negative development?
Bài mẫu
Distance learning through an online platform is provided for students as an option to replace traditional
classroom at many universities. In my view, such a development, although detrimental at some point,
could be seen as an essential step forward.
On the one hand, this way of learning remotely without being in regular face-to-face contact with
teachers in the classroom is negative from two aspects. First, online students cannot develop
comprehensively like the way other students who attend classes at school do. During online courses,
students can barely make friends or even compete with their peers. This is often linked to the fact that
those learners seem to undervalue the significance of interaction and rivalry with classmates in an
educational environment which, actually, are great stimuli for scholastic success. Second, participants
of online learning programs tend to procrastinate and poorly allot appropriate amounts of time to
complete assignments. This form of studying requires tremendous self-discipline as well as organization
and time management skills while students usually struggle with balancing their coursework other
priorities and easily get demotivated without direct guidance from instructors.
On the other hand, online learning proves to be a great alternative although traditional universities are
still widely considered as the best way to acquire knowledge and a diploma. Access to all resources of a
traditional course is offered, which empowers learners to freely choose a wide range of different
subjects, from science to economics. Furthermore, lower costs and the widespread presence of the
Internet allow unlimited numbers of participants regardless of not only their financial background but
also current living places. For example, Coursera is a website that offers a variety of courses at
reasonable prices and presents legal degrees for participants upon completion of each course.
In conclusion, though there are some drawbacks of courses delivered on websites, I believe this online
studying method is revolutionary in contemporary tertiary education systems.
293
Chủ đề của bài viết là về những mặt lợi và hại của những khóa học trực tuyến ở các trường đại
học.
Mở bài:
Giới thiệu chủ đề và đưa ra quan điểm cá nhân: “In my view, such a development, although
detrimental at some point, could be seen as an essential step forward.”
Thân bài:
Đoạn 1: Đưa ra 2 mặt hại của học trực tuyến: “No interaction and sense of rivalry” và “students tend to
procrastinate”
Đoạn 2: Đưa ra 2 mặt lợi của học trực tuyến: “A wider range of subjects available” và “lower costs”
Kết bài:
Khẳng định lại quan điểm cá nhân: “In conclusion, though there are some drawbacks of courses
delivered on websites, I believe this online studying method is revolutionary in contemporary tertiary
education systems.”
Lưu ý: Cặp từ nối “On the one hand” và “On the other hand” thường đươc sử dụng để bắt đầu 2
đoạn văn thân bài.
294
Topic 2:
Scientists say that in the future humanity will speak the same language.
Do you think this is a positive or negative social development?
Đại ý
Mặt lợi của việc tất cả mọi người trên thế giới đều nói cùng một ngôn ngữ:
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Mặt hại của việc tất cả mọi người trên thế giới đều nói cùng một ngôn ngữ:
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Dàn ý

Mở bài
• Đoạn 1: Mặt lợi của việc tất cả mọi người trên thế giới đều nói cùng
một ngôn ngữ.
• Đoạn 2: Mặt hại của việc tất cả mọi người trên thế giới đều nói cùng
Thân bài một ngôn ngữ.
• Khẳng định lại quan điểm

Kết bài
295
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297
There are thousands of languages being spoken in many regions around the globe. However, perhaps in
a foreseeable future, only one common language will exist as a means of communication in the human
world. In my opinion, this development, despite being the facilitation of international communication,
is a detriment to our diversity as a species.
If we all spoke the same language, it would be the bridge to harmony and understanding between
different cultures and countries. It would eliminate the key hurdle that keeps a group of people away
from others because we all have a sense of familiarity in language. We can therefore comprehend more
profoundly different cultures that used to be somewhat misinterpreted due to a linguistic barrier.
Nevertheless, if there were one common language, a part of a country’s core identity would be
sacrificed. Language not only is the way people living in the same society communicate but
also symbolizes their origins and defining characters. Vietnamese people, for example, have been
known for their heroism and patriotism through words of their anthems. Or everyone thinks of France
as a land of romance because French is a language of love. Cultural diversity and historical values would
also be put at stake as a consequence of this trend. Dialects in any part of a country carries unique
stories and lessons of the past which are closely linked to religions, beliefs, and lifestyles. And a world
that uses only one language would be the ground for the likely sad disappearance of those precious
aspects of life.
In conclusion, I feel this global linguistic change is a major threat to human identity, culture and history
although, to some point, it does help ease language barriers.
298
ü A means of communication: Phương tiện giao tiếp
ü The facilitation of international communication: Sự thúc đẩy giao tiếp toàn cầu
ü The bridge to harmony and understanding between different cultures and countries: Cầu nối
đến sự hòa hợp và thấu hiểu giữa những nền văn hóa và quốc gia khác nhau
ü A country’s core identity: Bản sắc cối lõi của một quốc gia
ü Symbolize their origin and defining characters: Tượng trưng cho cội nguồn và những nét tính
cách của họ
ü Heroism and patriotism: Chủ nghĩa anh hùng và lòng yêu nước
ü Cultural diversity and historical values: Đa dạng văn hóa và giá trị lịch sử
ü It would eliminate the key hurdle that keeps a group of people away from others because we all
have a sense of familiarity in language.
ü Language not only is the way people living in the same society communicate but also symbolizes
their origins and defining characters.
ü Dialects in any part of a country carries unique stories and lessons of the past which are closely
linked to religions, beliefs, and lifestyles.
299
Topic 3:
It is becoming increasingly popular to have a year off between finishing school and going to university.
Do the advantages of having a year off outweigh the disadvantages?
Bài mẫu
Taking a gap year before attending college has recently gained enormous popularity amongst high
school graduates. Although the benefits of this are varied, the drawbacks, in my opinion, should be
paid more attention to.
On the one hand, having a year off after high school graduation is advantageous in some certain aspects.
First, students can use this period of time to travel to acquire knowledge of various fields such as foreign
languages and cultures. This would be more difficult during their years at university owing to their
intense study schedules. Second, many high school graduates benefit from taking a temporary job
before starting their college life. Due to the inadequate provision of career orientation in high school,
sparing another 12 months looking for a job or signing up for a vocational course is considered a
solution for students to figure out their future path.
On the other hand, the disadvantages of a gap year before college are more significant. Initially,
compared to the students having a year off, those who go straight to university after high school are
more likely to have a permanent job early. They finish their academic studies one year in advance,
hence better opportunities to get a job with stable incomes. More importantly, high school seniors
might lose their study habits as well as discipline. In other words, one year spent on travelling or
working can demotivate them from following tertiary education.
In conclusion, despite some benefits mentioned above, I believe taking a year off before college might
both prevent students’ occupational opportunities and result in study discouragement.
300
Với đề bài có câu hỏi “Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?” thì cách cấu trúc bài viết
và cách viết cũng giống nhau.
Mở bài:
Giới thiệu chủ đề và đưa ra quan điểm cá nhân: “Although the benefits of this are varied, the
drawbacks, in my opinion, should be paid more attention to.”
Thân bài:
ü Đoạn 1: Đưa ra 2 lợi ích của việc nghỉ một năm trước khi vào đại học: “Travelling” và “Having a
temporary job”
ü Đoạn 2: Đưa ra 2 bất lợi của việc nghỉ một năm trước khi vào đại học: “Study discouragement” và
“Not likely to have a permanent job early”
Kết bài:
Khẳng định lại quan điểm cá nhân: “In conclusion, despite some benefits mentioned above, I believe
taking a year off before college might both prevent students’ occupational opportunities and result in
study discouragement.”
Lưu ý: Một số cụm từ thay cho:
Advantages and disadvantages: Benefits and drawbacks/Positive and negative aspects

Outweigh: to be more significant
301
Topic 4:
Social media, such as Facebook, Twitter, are replacing face-to-face contact in this century.
Do you think the advantages of this way outweigh the disadvantages?
Đại ý
Mặt lợi của “International travel”:
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Mặt hại của “International travel”:
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Dàn bài

Mở bài
• Đoạn 1: Những mặt lợi của "International travel"

• Đoạn 2: Những mặt hại của "International travel"
Thân bài
• Khẳng định lại quan điểm cá nhân

Kết bài
302
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304
Travelling abroad certainly exerts several positive influences on tourists as well as the host country.
Although there are still drawbacks of international travel, I think its values are more significant.
On the one hand, the downsides of welcoming foreign visitors are varied. Regarding tourists themselves,
travel expenses in famous tourist destinations, Venice for example, are expensive, and there are many
complicated and tedious prerequisite procedures such as visa application or plane ticket reservation. As
for the countries that play host to international tourists, the rise in costs of living may lay much pressure
on local people and be a detriment to domestic travel. This is because the growth in the number of
tourists from abroad would encourage costs of hotel rooms and other services to increase. People in
the neighborhood and domestic visitors would suffer in comparison.
On the other hand, I suppose the benefits of international travel would eclipse those analyzed
disadvantages. First, travelers can have numbers of fascinating experiences of exotic cuisine and
culture, and they get to see places they have not seen before. A typical example of this is when tourists
from other countries come to Vietnam, they would have the opportunity to use chopsticks, enjoy
traditional meals and go sightseeing in the countryside. Second, the increased number of foreign people
coming to visit another country would evidently enhance tourism industries, contributing greatly to the
wealth of that country. If tourists enjoy their trips, they will recommend the destination to their friends
or perhaps they will come back in the future.
In conclusion, it appears to me that the merits of international tourism are more notable than its
drawbacks.
305
ü Travel expenses: Chi phí du lịch
ü Famous tourist destinations: Điểm đến du lịch nổi tiếng
ü Complicated and tedious prerequisite procedures: Công đoạn bắt buộc nhàm chán và phức tạp
ü Lay much pressure on local people: Đặt nhiều áp lực lên người dân trong vùng
ü A detriment to domestic travel: Ngăn cản du lịch trong nước
ü Costs of hotel rooms and other services: Giá cả của phòng khách sạn và những loại dịch vụ khác
ü Numbers of fascinating experiences of exotic cuisine and culture: Nhiều trải nghiệm thú vị về
thực phẩm và văn hóa xa lạ
ü Enhance tourism industries: Phát triển ngành du lịch
ü Regarding tourists themselves, travel expenses in famous tourist destinations, Venice for
example, are expensive, and there are many complicated and tedious prerequisite procedures
such as visa application or plane ticket reservation.
ü This is because the growth in the number of tourists from abroad would encourage costs of hotel
rooms and other services to increase.
ü A typical example of this is when tourists from other countries come to Vietnam, they would have
the opportunity to use chopsticks, enjoy traditional meals and go sightseeing in the countryside.
ü If tourists enjoy their trips, they will recommend the destination to their friends or perhaps they
will come back in the future.
306
Đề tự luyện
Topic 1: Space travel has been possible for some time and some people believe that space tourism could
be developed in the future.
Do you think it is a positive or negative development?
Topic 2: Scientists predict in the near future cars will be driven by computers, not people.
Do you think it is a positive or negative development?
Topic 3: Today, anybody can use a mobile phone to answer the work and personal calls at any time or 7
days a week.
Does this development have more positive or negative effects on both individuals and society?
Topic 4: The increase in people’s life expectancy means that they have to work older to pay for their
retirement. One alternative is that people start to work at a younger age.
Is this alternative a positive or negative development?
Topic 5: People in community now could buy cheaper consumer goods.
Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?
Topic 6: It is suggested that everyone should have a car, a TV and a fridge.
Do the advantages of this development for society outweigh the disadvantages?
307
CHƯƠNG VI:
Dạng bài Cause and Solution
308
Đây là dạng bài mà chủ đề sẽ đưa ra một vấn đề xã hội và yêu cầu thí sinh phân tích nguyên nhân
và giải pháp hoặc nguyên nhân và tác động của vấn đề đó.
Một số ví dụ về dạng bài:
Topic 1:
Students leave high school without learning how to manage their money.
What are the reasons and solutions for this issue?
Topic 2:
People in many countries are spending less time with their family.
What are the reasons, and effects of this?
Topic 3:
It is difficult for people in the cities to get enough physical exercise.
What are the causes and solutions?
309
Cấu trúc bài viết
Với các bài “Cause and Solution” thì cách viết khá đơn giản. Đoạn thân bài cần bàn luận 2 nguyên
nhân của vấn đề và 2 tác động hoặc 2 giải pháp cho vấn đề được nêu ở đề bài.
Cấu trúc bài viết:

Mở bài
• Đoạn 1: Đưa ra 2 nguyên nhân của vấn đề được nêu lên ở đề bài
• Đoạn 2: Đưa ra 2 tác động hoặc 2 giải pháp cho vấn đề được nêu lên ở
Thân bài đề bài
• Tóm tắt lại các { chính của bài viết

Kết bài
Lưu ý: Không nên đưa dàn { chung của toàn bài viết ở phần mở bài vì như vậy sẽ dễ bị lặp từ lặp
ý ở các phần sau.
Người viết có thể sử dụng những câu mang { nghĩa chung và định hướng nội dung bài viết như: “This
essay will outline a number of reasons for this trend and a number of possible solutions to help tackle
the issue.”
310
Ví dụ:
Topic 1:
Students leave high school without learning how to manage their money.
What are the reasons and solutions for this issue?
Bài mẫu
There is a common problem amongst high school graduates these days where students are leaving
school without any knowledge or skills in personal money management. This essay will outline a
number of reasons for this trend and a number of possible solutions to help tackle the issue.
One of the main causes of this problem is that the majority of high school students live with their
parents and are completely financially dependent upon them. Most students do not need to work to
earn money while at high school, as their parents pay for all their needs, and therefore do not gain any
understanding of the realities of earning and saving money. Also, the only money that students receive
is from their parents and this is typically in the form of pocket-money, which is given with the intent on
it being spent. Therefore, young people only really learn how to spend money, and not how to earn,
save or manage it wisely.
However, there are a number of viable solutions to help students deal with this problem. Firstly, basic
money management skills could be included as a compulsory subject for students in their high school
years, which would help equip them with the knowledge and skills to manage their own personal
finances when they leave school, move out of home and enter employment. The second possible step
that could be taken to help curb this problem is through education at home. Parents need to take
responsibility to make sure that their children are adequately educated in such matters to ensure their
children maintain a successful and independent financial situation after graduating and leaving home.
In conclusion, although money management is a problem for a lot of school leavers, there are a number
of viable solutions to counteract this problem.
311
Phân tích bài mẫu:
Mở bài:
Giới thiệu chủ đề và định hướng nội dung bài viết: “This essay will outline a number of reasons for this
trend and a number of possible solutions to help tackle the issue.”
Lưu ý: câu định hướng bài viết có thể dùng với tất cả các chủ đề với cùng dạng bài này.
Thân bài:
ü Đoạn 1: Bàn luận về 2 nguyên nhân dẫn đến việc học sinh cấp 3 ra trường nhưng không biết cách
kiếm soát tài chính: “Dependent on parents” và “Receive money in the form of pocket money”
ü Đoạn 2: Bàn luận về 2 giải pháp giúp cải thiện tình hình: “Improve education at home and at
school.”
Kết bài:
Tóm tắt lại đại ý toàn bài viết: “In conclusion, although money management is a problem for a lot of
school leavers, there are a number of viable solutions to counteract this problem.”
Lưu ý: Khi đưa ra 2 giải pháp thì cần đưa 2 giải pháp giải quyết 2 nguyên nhân đã được nêu đến
trong bài để đảm bảo tính mạch lạc và thống nhất của bài viết.
312
Gợi ý các giải pháp:
Trong nhiều trường hợp, thí sinh có thể ứng dụng những giải pháp đến từ chính phủ như sau:
ü Ban hành luật lệ mới: “To introduce/implement/pass new regulations or policies” hoặc “to
enforce the law”.
ü Cấm điều gì: “To introduce a ban/prohibition on sth”
ü Đưa ra những hình phạt mới: “to introduce new punishments” (finance or imprisonment)
ü Tăng thuế: “to increase taxes hoặc to impose taxes on sth”
ü Đầu tư: “To invest money in”
ü Chạy các chiến dịch tuyên truyền: “To run propagation campaigns to raise social awareness.”
ü Khuyến khích người dân làm gì: “To encourage people to do sth”
Ví dụ chủ đề bảo vệ môi trường:
ü The Government should introduce new regulations that monitor the dumping of toxic waste into
the ocean.
ü There should be a ban on the use of cars in cities in order to keep the air clean.
ü New punishments for poachers should be implemented immediately.
ü The Government should impose heavier taxes on factories that release exhaust that harms the
environment.
ü More state money should be invested in the protection of forests.
ü The Government should run more propagation campaign on mass media to raise social
awareness of the importance of protecting the environment.
ü The Government should encourage people to use public transport that is environmentally
friendly.
313
Topic 2:
People in many countries are spending less time with their family.
What are the reasons, and effects of this?
Đại ý
Nguyên nhân tại sao bây giờ người ta dành ít thời gian với gia đình?
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Tác động của điều này là gì?
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Dàn ý

Mở bài
• Đoạn 1: 2 nguyên nhân tại sao bây giờ người ta dành ít thời gian với
gia đình
• Đoạn 2: 2 tác động của việc bây giờ người ta dành ít thời gian với gia
Thân bài đình
• Tóm tắt đại { toàn bài viết

Kết bài
314
Thực hành
(Giới thiệu chủ đề)
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My essay will outline a number of reasons for this trend and a number of its associated effects.
One of the main reasons is that adults are too occupied with their work and social relationships. (Mở
rộng đoạn văn)
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There are several impacts from this trend, and they all tend to be detrimental. (Mở rộng đoạn văn)
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315
In conclusion, (Tóm tắt đại ý toàn bài)
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In many parts of the world nowadays, family members are spending less time together. My essay will
outline a number of reasons for this trend and a number of its associated effects.
One of the main reasons is that adults are too occupied with their work and social relationships. In
countries like Japan where people spend the major proportion of their life working, many adults tend
to stay at work until late evening and hardly have enough time to have dinner or to watch TV with other
family members. Meanwhile, young children in this day and age are under great pressure from study;
and children typically in Asian countries usually spend 10 hours a day and 6 days a week at school, not to
mention extra classes in the evening. The amount of everyday homework those children have to do is
also excessive, and therefore they cannot think of anything else, let alone spending time with their
parents.
There are several impacts from this trend, and they all tend to be detrimental. Firstly, young children
who do not have time with their siblings or parents are often more vulnerable to social pressures, such
as bullying, because they do not receive enough affection and encouragement from their family. In
reality, those children may grow up with low self-esteem and sometimes depression. Secondly, family
relationships will greatly suffer because it will become more difficult to bridge the generation gap
between parents and children without family bonding time. This usually leads to conflicts and
unhappiness.
In conclusion, people are having less and less time with family largely due to work and study pressures,
and the impacts of this on both individuals and families are severe.
316
ü Spend a major proportion of their life working: Dành phần lớn cuộc đời để làm việc
ü Under great pressure from study: Chịu nhiều áp lực từ việc học
ü Vulnerable to social pressures: Dễ bị ảnh hưởng xấu bởi xã hội
ü Affection and encouragement: Sự yêu thương và sự động viên
ü Low self-esteem and depression: Tự ti và phiền muộn
ü Conflicts and unhappiness: Xung đột và không hạnh phúc
ü In countries like Japan where people spend the major proportion of their life working, many
adults tend to stay at work until late evening and hardly have enough time to have dinner or to
watch TV with other family members.
ü The amount of everyday homework those children have to do is also excessive, and therefore
they cannot think of anything else, let alone spending time with their parents.
ü Firstly, young children who do not have time with their siblings or parents are often more
vulnerable to social pressures, such as bullying, because they do not receive enough affection and
encouragement from their family.
ü Secondly, family relationships will greatly suffer because it will become more difficult to bridge
the generation gap between parents and children without family bonding time
317
Topic 3:
It is difficult for people in the cities to get enough physical exercise.
What are the causes and solutions?
Đại ý
Nguyên nhân tại sao người ta lại có xu hướng phí phạm thức ăn
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Giải pháp cho vấn đề trên
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Dàn ý

Mở bài
• Đoạn 1: 2 nguyên nhân tại sao người ta lại có xu hướng phí phạm thức
ăn
Thân bài • Đoạn 2: 2 giải pháp cho vấn đề trên
• Tóm tắt đại { toàn bài viết

Kết bài
318
Thực hành
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320
These days, people are buying a lot of food which ends up being thrown away. The essay below will
analyze some major reasons for this situation, and measures to tackle this problem will be presented.
There are two main explanations why food is being wasted. One of the reasons food is thrown away is
because consumers fail to have a thorough plan of what they are going to buy before they shop.
Commonly, many people only have vague ideas of what meals or foodstuffs they might consume over
the next few days, and this often leads to their shopping carts full of products they might never use.
Secondly, food wastage can occur when people make poor choices for their diet. Huge quantities of
food remaining unused might be a sign that consumers’ diets are going undesirably.
Some measures are suggested to mitigate the situation. One effective solution is to make a list of
ingredients and foodstuffs that one is going to purchase before she goes shopping. This way helps
consumers to have time to prepare and decide wisely what products should be bought, which
eventually saves a lot of unnecessary food. Furthermore, people should do careful research on
reasonable diets in advance of going to food stores so that they can know what ingredients are best for
their state of health.
In conclusion, poor planning for meals and unwise choices of diet mainly contribute to the amount of
unused food at the moment, and thorough preparation is key to avoid further food wastage.
321
Have a thorough plan of what they are going to buy: Có kê hoạch cẩn thận về những gì họ định
mua
Vague ideas of what meals or foodstuffs they might consume: Ý tưởng mờ nhạt về bữa ăn hay
thức ăn mà họ định tiêu thụ
Poor choices for their diet: Những lựa chọn tệ cho chế độ ăn của họ
Saves a lot of unnecessary food: Tiết kiệm rất nhiều thực phẩm không cần thiết
ü One of the reasons food is thrown away is because consumers fail to have a thorough plan of
what they are going to buy before they shop.
ü Commonly, many people only have vague ideas of what meals or foodstuffs they might consume
over the next few days, and this often leads to their shopping carts full of products they might
never use.
ü Furthermore, people should do careful research on reasonable diets in advance of going to food
stores so that they can know what ingredients are best for their state of health.
ü In conclusion, poor planning for meals and unwise choices of diet mainly contribute to the
amount of unused food at the moment, and thorough preparation is key to avoid further food
wastage.
322
Đề tự luyện
Topic 1: More and more animal species are becoming extinct by human activities in land and sea. What
are the reasons and solutions?
Topic 2: Nowadays, more and more older people who need employment compete with the younger
people for the same jobs.
What problems this causes? What are solutions?
Topic 3: It is observed that in many countries not enough students are choosing to study science subject.
What are causes? And what will be effects on society?
Topic 4: Cycling is more environmentally friendly than other forms of transport.
Why is it not popular in many places?
And how to increase its popularity?
Topic 5: Today people live in big cities tend to do less exercises.
What are the reasons & solutions?
323
CHƯƠNG VII:
Dạng bài Direct question
324
Đây là dạng bài mà chủ đề sẽ đưa ra một vấn đề xã hội và yêu cầu thí sinh trả lời 2 câu hỏi liên
quan đến vấn đề đó.
Một số ví dụ về dạng bài:
Topic 1:
In some parts of the world it is increasingly popular to research the history of one's own family.
Why do people want to do this?
Is it a positive or negative development?
Topic 2:
Consumers are faced with increasing numbers of advertisements from competing companies.
To what extent do you think consumers are influenced by advertisements?
What measures can be taken to protect them?
325
Ví dụ:
Topic 1:
In some parts of the world it is increasingly popular to research the history of one's own family.
Why do people want to do this?
Is it a positive or negative development?
People nowadays are becoming increasingly keen to learn about their family history. There are some
compelling reasons for this; and I strongly feel that this is a positive development.
Most people do research on their family history to find out whether their ancestors had the similar
personality traits and to have deeper understanding about their roots and heritages. Or some others
study their family historical background for less significant reasons, one of which is curiosity. For
example, my uncle used to spend a great deal of time and effort tracing my family tree back to the 18th
century just out of curiosity. Also, I think news media have a major part to play in this trend. There are
many news articles and advertisements that encourage genealogy and convince people that it is
necessary to know about their ancestry.
In my view, this is a good way to teach children about history and how their ancestors lived, which is
linked in part to family traditions. And it is even more important for children to carry on such valuable
and unique traditions, given that this fast changing world is somehow making young generations
ignore the spiritual legacy that their ancestors left. On top of that, family history can be a fascinating
discussion topic whenever there is a family meeting. How my grandparents struggled to bring up their
offspring during the Vietnam War, for example, has become my father’s favorite subject when all my
relatives gather for a traditional holiday feast.
In conclusion, people like to study their family history for a variety of reasons as I have discussed in my
essay, and personally I consider this a positive modern trend.
326
Mở bài:
Giới thiệu chủ đề và đưa ra câu trả lời ngắn cho 2 câu hỏi của đề bài: “There are some compelling
reasons for this; and I strongly feel that this is a positive development.”
Thân bài:
ü Đoạn 1 trả lời câu hỏi thứ nhất: Tại sao người ta lại muốn nghiên cứu lịch sử gia đình mình.
ü Đoạn 2 trả lời câu hỏi thứ hai: Xu hướng này tốt hay xấu.
Kết bài:
Nhắc lại câu trả lời cho 2 câu hỏi của đề bài: “In conclusion, people like to study their family history for
a variety of reasons as I have discussed in my essay, and personally I consider this a positive modern
trend.”
327
Topic 2:
Consumers are faced with increasing numbers of advertisements from competing companies.
To what extent do you think consumers are influenced by advertisements?
What measures can be taken to protect them?
Đại ý
Người tiêu dùng bị ảnh hưởng bởi quảng cáo tới mức độ như thế nào?
.........................................................................................................................................................................
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Những biện pháp gì có thể thực hiện để bảo vệ người tiêu dùng?
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Dàn ý

• Đưa ra câu trả lời ngắn cho 2 câu hỏi ở đề bài
Mở bài
• Đoạn 1: Trả lời câu hỏi Người tiêu dùng bị ảnh hưởng bởi quảng cáo
tới mức độ như thế nào?
• Đoạn 2: Trả lời câu hỏi Những biện pháp gì có thể thực hiện để bảo vệ
Thân bài người tiêu dùng?
• Nhắc lại ngắn gọn câu trả lời cho 2 câu hỏi của đề bài.
Kết bài
328
Thực hành
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330
These days, due to a strong competitive commercial market, people are exposed to an ever increasing
amount of advertising. I believe that people are highly susceptible to modern day advertising and
marketing techniques, and that certain actions need to be taken to ensure the wellbeing of consumers.
Advertising has become a multibillion dollar industry, and much research has gone into its development
and effectiveness in order to help businesses sell more products and services. And although advertising
can provide many benefits to the consumer, it can also have quite a negative impact on individuals and
society as a whole. One of the negative effects advertising can have is that it can lead people to buy
things that they don’t actually need or even necessarily want. Advertising techniques can make us feel
as though we really need to have something and this can cause people to make impulsive purchases,
which they may not have made if they had made a more thorough decision.
Furthermore, in societies where advertising laws are more relaxed, people are faced with large amounts
of advertising containing many subliminal messages and explicit content. For instance, it is well known
in the advertising industry that sex sells. Creating sexual undertones within advertisements can
influence people’s thoughts about not only the product but ideas associated around it. This can have
many negative influences on the minds of people, and in particular children, potentially forming certain
negative beliefs and ideas about such topics.
In conclusion, for these, and many other reasons, I believe that Governments and other organisations
need to monitor how companies try to promote their products and services in order to protect
innocent consumers. This can be achieved through the regulation of the content of advertisements and
the regulation of the space where advertisements occur, such as billboards and posters. Individual
companies also must take responsibility regarding their advertisements to ensure that they do not
contain subliminal or explicit material that might negatively affect consumers.
331
ü Advertising and marketing techniques: Thủ thuật quảng cáo marketing
ü A multibillion dollar industry: Ngành công nghiệp triệu đô
ü Make impulsive purchases: Mua hàng vội mà chưa suy nghĩ kỹ
ü Subliminal messages: Thông điệp ngầm
ü Promote their products and services: Quảng cáo cho sản phẩm và dịch vụ
ü Advertising has become a multibillion dollar industry, and much research has gone into its
development and effectiveness in order to help businesses sell more products and services.
ü Advertising techniques can make us feel as though we really need to have something and this can
cause people to make impulsive purchases, which they may not have made if they had made a
more thorough decision.
ü This can have many negative influences on the minds of people, and in particular children,
potentially forming certain negative beliefs and ideas about such topics.
ü In conclusion, for these, and many other reasons, I believe that Governments and other
organisations need to monitor how companies try to promote their products and services in order
to protect innocent consumers.
332
Đề tự luyện
Topic 1: Parents often give children everything they ask for and do what they like.
Is it good for children?
What are the consequences when they grow up?
Topic 2: In schools and universities, girls tend to choose arts while boys like science.
What are the reasons for this trend and do you think this tendency should be changed?
Topic 3: In many countries, people now wear Western clothes (suits, jeans) rather than traditional
clothing. Why?
Is this a positive or negative development?
Topic 4: In many countries, government spent a large amount of money on improving internet access.
Why is it happening and do you think it is the most appropriate use of government money?
Topic 5: Some people choose to have their first child at an older age.
What are the reasons?
Do advantages outweigh disadvantages?
Topic 6: In recent years, the structure of a family and the role of its members are gradually changing.
What kinds of changes can occur?
Do you think these changes are positive and negative?
Topic 7: More and more young people from wealthy countries are spending a short time doing unpaid
work such as teaching or building houses for communities in poorer countries.
Why young people choose to do so?
Who will benefit more: young people or the communities?
333

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PH N II:

Lưu ý quan trọng:

Để được band điểm cao, một bài essay cần:

TR: Task Response

ü Trả lời hết tất cả các phần của đề bài.

CC: Coherence & Cohesion

ü Sắp xếp thông tin một cách logic.

LR: Lexical Resource

GRA: Grammatical Range & Accuracy

The government should support local businesses.

The government should support local businesses.

The authorities local companies

BƯỚC 2: Sử dụng những thủ thuật sau

C u trúc câu có th đ c đ i t d ng ch đ ng sang

Local companies should be assisted by the

D ng t c a nhi u t trong câu g c cũng có th

Support (v) support (n)

Or you can change the form of the synonyms of the

The government Help/Aid/Assist (v) Help/Aid/Assistance (n)

S d ng ch ng gi (it, there) đ vi t l i câu.

It is necessary/important/vital for the

The government national leaders

It is vital for national leaders to provide

Câu trên có thể được viết lại như sau:

It is usually said that physical training is the key to a healthy life.

ü Vế câu thứ 2: others believe that a balanced diet is more important.

Câu viết lại hoàn chỉnh:

Detailed description of crimes on TV is having a bad effect on society, so it should be restricted.

Original words or phrases Synonyms

Description (n) .......................... (v)

Crimes (n) .......................... (adj)

Effect (n) .......................... (v)

Restrict (v) .......................... (n)

Dummy-subjects (it, there)

It is necessary for ...

There should be ...

Câu viết lại hoàn chỉnh:

1. The world’s most urgent problems can be solved by international collaboration.

even criticism on their teachers.

musicians, painters and writers.

works of art by using a computer.

so, should be paid more than sports and entertainment celebrities.

2. Câu triển khai ý

Một đoạn thường có 4 đến 5 câu.

Definition: Advertising is a form of commercial communication that tells us what is

Hypothesis: Unless we have advertising to keep us well-informed, we will be more

Viết 3-4 câu mở rộng câu mở đoạn sau:

1. Advertising helps businesses reach potential customers.

ü Target audience: people who are the target of advertising

ü To be well-informed: to be given with a lot of information

Mở rộng đoạn văn .........................................................................................................................................

A multibillion-dollar industry: an industry that creates great wealth

Job opportunities: employment

attention from the public.

Mở rộng đoạn văn .........................................................................................................................................

Advertising techniques: techniques used to advertise a product

To make impulsive purchases: to buy something without thinking carefully

Mở rộng đoạn văn .........................................................................................................................................

MỞ BÀI • Giới thiệu chủ đề

CÁCH VIẾT TỪNG PHẦN

CỦA MỘT BÀI LUẬN

Một mở bài tốt cần làm được 2 nhiệm vụ:

Giới thiệu chủ đề (1-2 câu)

the people who play them.