10 SENSING THE

ENVIRONMENT
 10 Sensing the Environment

S ECTIONAL E XERCISE
10.1 Senses and sense organs efer to Textbook
p.75–78
Sectional Exercise

A. True or false (5 marks)

Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement.

1. All living things have five senses. F

2. Only humans have sense organs. F

3. A sense organ has its specialized sensory cells to detect stimuli. T

4. The function of a sense organ is to produce a sense. F

Integrated Exercise

5. Each sense organ can only detect one kind of stimulus. F

(Skin can detect more than one stimulus, including touch, pressure, etc.)

B. Fill in the blanks (8 marks)

1. When the specialized (a) sensory cells detect a stimulus, they send signals
to the (b) brain through (c) nerves to produce a sense.

2. Humans have five sense organs: the (a) eyes , (b) ears ,
(c) nose , (d) tongue and (e) skin .
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C. Questions (18 marks)

1. Which sense organs are responsible for distinguishing between the following objects?
(8 marks)

Objects Sense organs involved

(a)

eyes (1m);
skin (1m)

sharp pencils and blunt pencils

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Objects Sense organs involved

(b)
eyes (1m);
nose (1m);
tongue (1m)

milk and orange juice

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(c)

eyes (1m);
ears (1m);
skin (1m)

piano and violin

2. The pictures below show that Jane is learning how to make cupcakes during a cookery lesson.

Integrated Exercise
Identify the stimuli detected by Jane and the corresponding senses involved. (10 marks)

a b c

teacher

d e

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Stimulus detected Sense organ involved Sense produced

(a) voice of the teacher (1m) Jane’s ears hearing (1m)

(b) light from the blackboard (1m) Jane’s eyes sight (1m)

(c) heat from the hot oven (1m) skin on Jane’s fingers touch (1m)

(d) smell of the cupcakes (1m) Jane’s nose smell (1m)

(e) taste of the cupcake (1m) Jane’s tongue taste (1m)

Total Score :   / 31

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 10 Sensing the Environment

10.2 Sight efer to Textbook

p.79–103

A. True or false (7 marks)

Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement.

1. The main function of eyelash is to prevent small particles from getting into the eyes. T

2. Cornea is the only structure that helps focus light onto the retina. F

3. The elastic nature of the lens allows it to change thickness by itself. F

Sectional Exercise

4. The image formed on the retina is inverted. T

E 5. The three types of cone cells are each sensitive to one of three colours—red, yellow
and blue. F

E 6. Short sight can be caused by eyeball being too short. F

E 7. Cataract can be treated by replacing the cloudy lens with an artificial lens through
surgery. T
Integrated Exercise

B. Multiple-choice (9 marks)
Choose the correct answer for each question.

Directions: Questions 1 and 2 refer to the following description.

An ox eye is cut open with a scalpel and scissors.

P
scalpel
Q

S
Spelling Corner

1. Which of the following combinations of P, Q and R is correct?

P Q R
A. Retina Cornea Iris
B. Sclera Pupil Cornea
C. Retina Pupil Cornea
D. Sclera Cornea Iris D

2. Which of the following parts help focus the light from an object onto the retina?
A. Q and S
B. Q, R and T
C. Q, S and T
D. S and T C

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Directions: Questions 3 to 5 refer to the following diagram which shows the structure of the
human eye.

T
P
Q

Sectional Exercise
R

3. Which of the following combinations of the part of the human eye and its function is
INCORRECT?
Part of the human eye Function
A. P Controls the size of the pupil
B. R Helps focus light
C. S Changes the thickness of the lens

Integrated Exercise
D. T Contains light-sensitive cells to detect light D

4. Which of the following statements about U are correct?

(1) It contains no light-sensitive cells.
(2) It is the spot on the retina where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball.
(3) The image formed here is inverted.
A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) D

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E 5. Joe is watching his drone flying high on a sunny day. Which of the following combinations of
the changes of Q and R is correct?

Size of Q Thickness of R
A. Decreases Decreases
B. Decreases Increases
C. Increases Decreases
D. Increases Increases A

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 10 Sensing the Environment

E 6. Which of the following statements about long sight are correct?

(1) People with long sight cannot see near objects clearly.
(2) The images of near objects are formed in front of the retina.
(3) Long sight may be caused by the eyeball being too long.
(4) Long sight may be caused by the lens being too thin.
A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (4) only
C. (2) and (3) only D. (2) and (4) only B
Sectional Exercise

Directions: Questions 7 and 8 refer to the following images which show what a mother sees
when her daughter is running towards her.
Integrated Exercise

E 7. Which of the following eye defects does the mother have?

A. Astigmatism B. Cataract
C. Long sight D. Short sight D

E 8. Which of the following lenses can be used to correct her eye defect?
A. B. C. D.

C
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E 9. A boy with normal eyesight is looking at his watch on the wrist. Which of the following
diagrams correctly shows how light passes through his eyeball?
A. B.

C. D.

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C. Fill in the blanks (9 marks)

1. The (a) sclera is a tough outer layer to protect the eyeball. The (b) iris

controls the size of the (c) pupil which regulates the amount of light entering the
eye.

E 2. There are two kinds of light-sensitive cells on the retina. (a) Cone cells are

Sectional Exercise
sensitive to bright light and colour. (b) Rod cells are sensitive to dim light.

E 3. (a) Astigmatism occurs if the cornea or the lens (or both) are unevenly curved.
It can be corrected by wearing glasses with lenses that have different (b) curvatures

at different points.

E 4. People with (a) colour-blindness have difficulty in distinguishing between colours.

It is an (b) inherited defect which cannot be corrected at the moment.

Integrated Exercise
D. Questions (27 marks)
1. The following diagram shows the structure of the human eye.
(a) Name the parts P to V. (7 marks)

P: focusing muscle (1m)

P
Q: iris (1m)

R: pupil (1m) U
Q
S: cornea (1m) R
V

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S
T: lens (1m)
T
U: retina (1m)

V: jelly-like fluid (1m)

E (b) Name TWO kinds of light-sensitive cells. Using the letters in the diagram, state where
they can be found. (3 marks)

Cone cells (1m) and rod cells. (1m) They can be found at U. (1m)

(c) When the light-sensitive cells are stimulated by light to produce signals, how are the
signals transmitted to the brain? (1 mark)

The signals are transmitted to the brain through the optic nerve. (1m)

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 10 Sensing the Environment

E 2. Complete the table below to compare the changes of the focusing muscles and the thickness
of the lens when we look at near objects and distant objects. (4 marks)

When we look at near When we look at distant

objects... objects...
Sectional Exercise

The focusing muscles contract (1m) relax (1m)

The lens becomes thicker (1m) becomes thinner (1m)

3. What optical instruments can be used to view the following objects clearly? (3 marks)
Integrated Exercise

(a) Aeroplane (b) Microorganism (c) Jupiter

Binoculars (1m) Microscope (1m) Astronomical telescope (1m)

Spelling Corner

E 4. The diagram below shows an experimental set-up for simulating an eye defect. The beam of
light is focused behind the back of the flask.
round-bottom
flask

back of
lens the flask
projector

light from the projector

fluorescent
solution

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 Sensing the Environment 10

(a) Which part of the eye does the back of the flask represent? (1 mark)

Retina (1m)

(b) What eye defect does the above experimental set-up simulate? (1 mark)

Long sight (1m)

(c) What type of lens should be used to correct this eye defect? (1 mark)

Convex lens (1m)

Sectional Exercise
(d) Complete the diagram below to show how the defect is corrected by the lens you
suggested in (c). (2 marks)

convex lens

Integrated Exercise
Correct use of convex lens (1m)
Correct light rays (1m)

(e) State ONE limitation of using the above set-up to simulate this eye defect. (1 mark)

The set-up cannot simulate the situation that long sight can also be caused by the eyeball

being too short. (1m)

Spelling Corner
5. Hazel is reading a book at home as shown in the picture below. Identify THREE bad habits of
Hazel that may cause harm to her eyes. (3 marks)
She rubs her eyes. (1m)

She does not read under sufficient light. (1m)

The distance between her eyes and the book is too close /

less than 30 cm. (1m)

(Or any other reasonable answers)

Total Score :   / 52

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 10 Sensing the Environment

10.3 Hearing efer to Textbook

p.104–123

A. True or false (5 marks)

Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement.

1. The higher the frequency of sound, the higher the pitch. T

2. Sound travels slower in vacuum than in other media. (Sound cannot travel in vacuum.) F

3. The larger the pinna, the better a person’s hearing ability. F

Sectional Exercise

4. Bats and dolphins have a wider audible frequency range than humans. T

5. Noise exceeding 85 dB will have harmful effects on our hearing. T

B. Multiple-choice (3 marks)
Choose the correct answer for each question.

1. The diagram below shows the main parts of the human ear. Which of the following statements
about the diagram is correct?
Integrated Exercise

P
R

Q S
Spelling Corner

A. Loss of P leads to deafness.

B. Sensory hair cells can be found in Q and R for detecting vibrations.
C. R and S are located in the middle ear.
D. Signals from the sensory hair cells are sent to the brain through T. D

2. Tuning fork Q produces a sound with a lower pitch than tuning fork P.
Which of the following statements about tuning fork Q is correct?
A. Tuning fork Q produces a sound with a lower sound level.
B. The length of tuning fork Q is longer.
C. Tuning fork Q produces a sound with a higher frequency.
D. The density of tuning fork Q is higher. B

tuning fork

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3. Which of the following is the correct descending order of the speeds of sound travelling in
different media?
A. air, water, metal block B. air, metal block, water
C. metal block, water, air D. metal block, air, water C

C. Fill in the blanks (11 marks)

Sectional Exercise
1. Sound is produced by the (a) vibration of objects. The number of vibrations per second
made by a vibrating object is called (b) frequency . Its unit is (c) hertz .

2. Sound must travel through a (a) medium . This can be a (b) solid , a
(c) liquid or a (d) gas . It cannot travel through a (e) vacuum .

3. The human ear can be divided into three sections: the (a) outer ear , the
(b) middle ear and the (c) inner ear .

Integrated Exercise
D. Questions (24 marks)
1. A glass harp is a musical instrument which is made up of wine glasses with different water
levels.

Spelling Corner
(a) A glass harp is played by rubbing the rims of the glasses with moistened fingers. Explain
how the sound is produced and transmitted in the air. (2 marks)
When the rims of the glasses are rubbed by the fingers of the glass harpist, the sound is
produced by (i) the vibrations of the glasses (1m) , which then causes
(ii) the surrrounding air particles to vibrate (1m) , leading to
the transmission of sound through the air.

(b) The pitch of the sound becomes lower when the water level increases. Suggest the
relationship between the water level and the frequency of the sound. (1 mark)

The higher the water level, the lower the frequency of the sound produced. (1m)

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 10 Sensing the Environment

2. The diagram below shows the main parts of the human ear. Label each part correctly and
match each part with its function. The first one has been done for you as an example.
(10 marks)
U

V
Sectional Exercise

W X Y Z

Name Function
U pinna v (i) Transmits the sound

V ear canal (1m) i (1m) (ii) Detects vibrations and produces signals

W eardrum (1m) iv (1m) (iii) Sends signals to the brain

X (iv) Changes sound into vibrations

Integrated Exercise

ear bones (1m) vi (1m)

Y cochlea (1m) ii (1m) (v) Collects sound from the surroundings

Z auditory nerve (1m) iii (1m) (vi) Amplify and transmit the vibrations

3. Study the diagram below which shows a scene in Hong Kong.

noise
Spelling Corner

barrier

(a) According to the diagram, state THREE common sources of noise in Hong Kong.
(3 marks)

Vehicles (1m) / Aeroplanes (1m) / Construction work (1m) (Or any other reasonable answers)

(b) What device can be used to measure the sound level of the noise? Also, state the unit of
sound level. (2 marks)

The sound level of the noise can be measured by a decibel meter. (1m)

The unit of sound level is decibel (dB). (1m)

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(c) Construction workers need to work for a long period of time in this noisy environment.
State TWO effects of prolonged exposures to noise on their health. (2 marks)

Cause mental stress (1m) / Sleep disturbance (1m) / Hearing loss (1m)

(Or any other reasonable answers)

(d) The photo below shows the ear protector construction workers wear during work. The
device has applied the principle of soundproofing to absorb and reflect the background
noise from the environment. In general, soft and porous materials are good sound

Sectional Exercise
absorbers, while dense and hard materials are good sound reflectors.

acoustic foam

Integrated Exercise
metal casing

(i) Which part of the ear protector shown is a sound absorber and which part is a
sound reflector? (2 marks)

Sound absorber Sound reflector

acoustic foam (1m) metal casing (1m)

Spelling Corner
(ii) Suggest another way that the construction workers can do to protect their sense of
hearing. (1 mark)

Shorten the time they stay in a noisy environment. (1m) (Or any other reasonable answers)

(iii) A noise barrier is another soundproofing device. Is it a sound absorber or a sound

reflector? (1 mark)

Sound reflector (1m)

Total Score :   / 43

soundproofing  隔音
acoustic foam  隔音棉
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 10 Sensing the Environment

10.4 Smell and taste efer to Textbook

E x te n s p.123–132
& 10.5 Touch ion

A. True or false (3 marks)

Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement.

1. The small projections on our tongue contain taste buds. T

2. Different areas of the tongue have different taste receptors to detect a particular
Sectional Exercise

taste. (Taste receptors are all over the tongue and they can each detect the five known F
primary tastes.)
3. The flavour of food is detected by the sense of taste only. F

B. Multiple-choice (3 marks)
Choose the correct answer for each question.

Directions: Questions 1 and 2 refer to the following description.

In an experiment, Nathan puts his left index finger into iced water and right index finger into hot
Integrated Exercise

water for 30 seconds. Then, he puts both fingers into tap water.

after 30
seconds

hot water tap water iced water hot water tap water iced water
Spelling Corner

1. How do the fingers feel when they are put into the tap water?
A. Both fingers feel hot.
B. Both fingers feel cold.
C. The right index finger feels hot and the left index finger feels cold.
D. The left index finger feels hot and the right index finger feels cold. D

2. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the above experiment?
A. Our skin is very sensitive in detecting heat and cold.
B. Our skin is not always reliable in detecting heat and cold.
C. Our index fingers do not have receptors to detect heat and cold.
D. Only the index fingers of our hands are sensitive to heat and cold. B

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3. In the skin, there are different kinds of receptors that can detect
(1) touch. (2) temperature.
(3) light. (4) pain.
A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (4) only
C. (1), (2) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) C

C. Questions (14 marks)

Sectional Exercise
small projections
1. The diagram on the right shows the small projections found in our
tongue.

(a) What do these projections contain for detecting taste?

(1 mark)
Taste buds (1m)

(b) Complete the following paragraph to show how our tongue detects taste. (4 marks)

Integrated Exercise
chemical
in food to the brain

The chemicals in food (i) dissolve in saliva (1m) . The dissolved chemicals

Spelling Corner
(ii) stimulate taste receptors to produce signals (1m) which are sent through
(iii) nerves to the brain (1m) where they are (iv) interpreted as taste (1m) .

(c) Name FIVE known primary tastes. (5 marks)

Sweet, (1m) sour, (1m) salty, (1m) bitter (1m) and umami (1m)

(d) When we get a cold, the food tastes bland. Briefly explain
why. (2 marks)

Our sense of smell becomes weaker when we have a blocked

nose. (1m) We need both our nose and tongue to detect the full

flavour of food. (1m)

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 10 Sensing the Environment

2. People who are visually impaired cannot read with their eyes. They read Braille with their
fingertips. Briefly explain why they do not read with their palms or the back of their hands.
(2 marks)
Sectional Exercise

Our fingertips have a larger number of touch receptors than the palms or the back of our hands, (1m)

so they are more sensitive to touch. (1m)

Total Score :   / 20

Integrated Exercise

10.6 Sense of balance efer to Textbook

p.133–149
& 10.7 The brain and our senses

A. True or false (5 marks)

Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement.
E 1. The three semicircular canals in the inner ear provide information about the position
and movements of the head. T

2. Sense organs can detect stimuli and produce senses on their own. F
Spelling Corner

3. Cerebellum is responsible for maintaining body balance. T

4. Drinking alcohol slows down our responses to stimuli. T

5. Inhaling organic solvents does not lead to addiction. F

B. Fill in the blanks (8 marks)

E 1. The sense of balance relies on the information received from the (a) eyes , the
(b) muscles and joints, and the (c) inner ear .

2. The brain (a) integrates and (b) interprets the signals received from sense
organs, produces (c) senses and decides on action. It then sends signals to
(d) muscles through nerves to make a (e) response .

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C. Multiple-choice (3 marks)
Choose the correct answer for each question.
E 1. The photo on the right shows a woman doing a yoga ‘tree pose’.
Will she find it easier or more difficult to do such a pose if she
closes her eyes? Why?
Difficulty Reason
A. The same She is doing the same pose.

Sectional Exercise
B. Easier She is not disturbed by the surroundings.
C. More difficult The sense of balance relies on the
information receiving from the eyes.
D. More difficult She cannot seeing the surroundings. C

2. Harry joins the 100 m sprint race in the school sports day. When he hears the sound of the
starting horn, he starts to run. Which of the following shows the correct order that different
body parts involved from detecting the stimulus to making a response?

Integrated Exercise
A. brain  ears  arm and leg muscles

Spelling Corner
B. ears  brain  arm and leg muscles
C. ears  arm and leg muscles  brain
D. arm and leg muscles  brain  ears B

3. Which of the following are the harmful effects of drug abuse on the body?
(1) Loss of appetite
(2) Death
(3) Permanent damage to organs
(4) No urination
A. (2) and (3) only
B. (1), (2) and (3) only
C. (2), (3) and (4) only
D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) B

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D. Questions (30 marks)

1. The diagram below shows an experiment done by Leo and his classmate. His classmate will
drop the ruler at any second and Leo needs to catch the falling ruler as fast as he can.
classmate’s hand
Sectional Exercise

Leo’s hand

(a) Arrange the events below in the correct order to describe the process from detecting the
stimulus to making responses by Leo. (5 marks)
(1) The arm muscles contract to catch the ruler.
(2) The brain receives the signals, integrates and interprets them, and then decides to
Integrated Exercise

catch the ruler.

(3) The brain sends signals to the arm muscles.
(4) The light-sensitive cells on the retina detect the stimulus and send signals to the
brain.
(5) Leo sees his classmate drops the ruler.

Correct order: (5)  (4)  (2)  (3)  (1) (5m)

(b) Leo and his classmate repeat the experiment for several times and record the distance
dropped by the ruler in each trial. They use the graph below to determine Leo’s reaction
Spelling Corner

time in each trial.

50

40

30
Distance
dropped (cm)
20

10

0
0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
Reaction time (s)

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(i) What is the relationship between the distance dropped by the ruler and the reaction
time? (1 mark)

The longer the reaction time, the longer the distance dropped by the ruler. (1m)

(ii) Will the reaction time of Leo change if he keeps repeating the experiment for more
times? Explain your answer. (2 marks)

Leo’s reaction time will become shorter. (1m)

Sectional Exercise
Reaction time can be improved with practice. (1m)

E 2. The photo below shows the swing ride in an amusement park. Some people may feel dizzy
when they get off the ride. But after a while, they will not experience the dizziness anymore
and return to normal. Briefly explain why. (6 marks)

Integrated Exercise
Spelling Corner
When the spinning action starts, the fluid in the (a) semicircular canals moves (1m)

and (b) stimulates the sensory hair cells (1m) . The sensory hair cells
(c) send signals through nerves to the brain (1m) , which interprets the
signals to (d) determine the position and movements of the head (1m) .
However, as soon as the spinning action stops, the fluid keeps on moving for a while. The sensory
hair cells (e) continue being stimulated (1m) and (f) send signals to

the brain (1m) . The brain then thinks the body is still spinning which makes you dizzy.

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3. The diagram below shows a human brain model.

(a) Label the parts marked X, Y and Z in the diagram. (3 marks)

X: cerebrum (1m)
Sectional Exercise

Y: medulla (1m) Z: cerebellum (1m)

(b) Using the letters from the diagram, identify the part of the brain which is responsible for
each of the following functions. (5 marks)

Part of the brain responsible

Function
for the function
Integrated Exercise

(i) Controlling heartbeat and blood pressure Y (1m)

(ii) Coordinating muscles to produce body Z (1m)

movements

(iii) Maintaining body balance Z (1m)

(iv) Making decision X (1m)

(v) Recalling old memory X (1m)

Spelling Corner

4. The diagram on the right shows the entrance of a

restaurant. The floor looks like collapsed in the middle.
In fact, the floor is completely flat.

(a) Name this phenomenon. (1 mark)

Illusion (1m)

(b) Briefly explain why this phenomenon happens.

(1 mark)

Our brain does not always interpret signals

correctly. (1m)

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5. Ketamine is a common drug abused by teenagers. Refer to the anti-drug poster below and
answer the questions that follow.

Sectional Exercise
Integrated Exercise
(a) What does the poster warn us? (1 mark)

To stay away from drug abuse (1m)

Spelling Corner
(b) According to the poster, state THREE harmful effects of ketamine on the body.
(3 marks)

Addiction (1m) / Heart problems (1m) / Frequent urination (1m) / Cannot control the bladder (1m) /

Loss of consciousness (1m) / Affect muscle control (1m) / Hallucination (1m) / Memory loss (1m) /
Brain damage (1m)
(c) Apart from the harmful effects on the body, state TWO problems caused by drug abuse.
(2 marks)

Poor relationship with family and friends. (1m) / People may commit crimes to get money to buy

drugs. (1m) (Or any other reasonable answers)

Total Score :   / 46

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 10 Sensing the Environment

I NTEGRATED E XERCISE
A. True or false (5 marks)
Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement.

E 1. Red-green colour-blindness occurs in males only. F

2. Sound cannot travel in the space as there are no air particles to transmit sound. T

E 3. The sense of smell can affect the sense of taste. T

Sectional Exercise

E 4. Our elbows are not sensitive to touch as there are few touch receptors. T

5. Optical illusion is the only kind of illusion of humans. F

B. Multiple-choice (8 marks)
Choose the correct answer for each question.

Directions: Questions 1 and 2 refer to the following diagram which shows the main parts of the
human eye.
Integrated Exercise

T
Q
R

S
Spelling Corner

1. Which part of the human eye has a similar function as a film in a camera?
A. Q film
B. S
C. T
D. U C

E 2. Which of the following statements about a person with short sight is correct?
A. S of his/her eye is too thin.
B. His/her eyeball is too short.
C. The images of near objects are formed behind T.
D. The images of distant objects are formed in front of T. D

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E 3. Which of the following eye defects can be corrected by wearing glasses with suitable lenses?
(1) Astigmatism (2) Cataract
(3) Long sight (4) Short sight
A. (1) and (2) only B. (3) and (4) only
C. (1), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) C

Directions: Questions 4 to 6 refer to the following diagram which shows the main parts of the
human ear.

Sectional Exercise
Q R
S

Integrated Exercise
4. Which of the following are the functions of Q?
(1) To amplify the vibrations
(2) To detect the vibrations
(3) To transmit the vibrations
A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) B

E 5. What will happen to a person if S is damaged?

Spelling Corner
(1) His/her hearing will be lost.
(2) He/she will find difficulty in balancing.
(3) His/her ears cannot detect any vibrations.
A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) A

E 6. Emma is travelling on boat and she is having motion

sickness. This is caused by the difference in the motion
she sees with her eyes and the motion she senses with
A. P.
B. Q.
C. R.
D. T. C

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7. A man had a brain injury in an accident. After that,

he had to use a device to help control his breathing.
Which part(s) of his brain was/were damaged in (1) (2)
the accident?
A. (2) only
(3)
B. (3) only
C. (1) and (2) only
D. (1) and (3) only B
Sectional Exercise

8. Which of the following are the effects of drinking alcohol on the body?
(1) Affect our judgement and memory
(2) Cause addiction
(3) Cause difficulty in body coordination
(4) Lead to unclear speech
A. (1) and (3) only B. (1), (3) and (4) only
C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4) D
Integrated Exercise

C. Questions (37 marks)

1. Refer to the following experimental set-up that simulates the role of the lens of our eye in
focusing.

light bulb
screen
thick convex
lens
Spelling Corner

lens holder
metre rule
30 cm

(a) Which parts of our eye do the convex lens and the screen each represent? (2 marks)

Convex lens: lens (1m)      Screen: retina (1m)

E (b) A sharp image of the light bulb is formed on the screen when the convex lens is 30 cm
away from the screen. Keep this distance unchanged and then replace the thick convex
lens with a thin convex lens.

(i) How should we move the light bulb, towards or away from the lens, so that a sharp
image is formed on the screen again? (1 mark)

Away from the lens (1m)

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(ii) What conclusion can be drawn from the results? (1 mark)

A thin convex lens is needed to focus light from a distant object on the retina. (1m)

(iii) Some people’s lenses are too thick and cannot be adjusted to be thin enough to
focus light from distant objects. What eye defect do they suffer from? (1 mark)

Short sight (1m)

Sectional Exercise
(iv) Complete the diagram below to show how this eye defect can be corrected.
(2 marks)

concave lens

Integrated Exercise
Correct use of concave lens (1m)
Correct light rays (1m)

E 2. The diagram below shows how we detect smell from the surroundings. Complete the paragraph
that follows. (4 marks)

Spelling Corner

The chemicals from food (a) spread into the air (1m) . When we breathe in, the
chemicals enter our nose and (b) dissolve in the mucus (1m) in the nasal cavity.
The dissolved chemicals (c) stimulate smell receptors to produce signals (1m)

which are sent through (d) nerves to the brain (1m) where they are interpreted as smell.

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EM
ST
3. Bone conduction headphones have become quite popular in recent years. They are usually
worn next to the ears. They transmit sound directly to the inner ears through the bones of the
head.

bone conduction
headphone
Sectional Exercise

(a) Complete the table below to compare between traditional headphones and bone
conduction headphones. (6 marks)

Traditional headphones Bone conduction headphones

Medium for bone conduction

transmitting headphone
Integrated Exercise

vibrations
vibration

vibration

Through (i) air (0.5m) Through (ii) bones (0.5m)

How do the
(iii) pinna (0.5m) (ix) bones of the head (0.5m)
vibrations
travel?  
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(iv) ear canal (0.5m) (x) cochlea (0.5m)

 
(v) eardrum (0.5m) (xi) auditory nerve (0.5m)


(vi) ear bones (0.5m)


(vii) cochlea (0.5m)


(viii) auditory nerve (0.5m)

How do the
(xii) Sensory hair cells (0.5m) can detect vibrations and produce
vibrations be
detected? signals which are interpreted as sound by the brain.

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(b) State ONE advantage of using bone conduction headphones over traditional
headphones. (1 mark)

Bone conduction headphones allow us to hear sounds without covering our ears, so we can still

hear sounds from the surroundings. (1m)

(c) If a person uses the bone conduction headphones at the maximum volume for a long
period of time, will this damage his/her hearing ability? Explain briefly. (2 marks)

Sectional Exercise
Yes, (1m) prolonged exposures to loud sounds from the bone conduction headphones can damage

the sensory hair cells in the cochlea. (1m)

4. Mrs. Lee is deaf and cannot hear the fire

alarm ringing. When a fire breaks out,
Mrs. Lee is sleeping but she is still aware
of the fire and escapes from the fire
scene. The diagram on the right shows
Mrs. Lee’s bedroom.

Integrated Exercise
bed shaker

E (a) A bed shaker is installed under the mattress. It will only be activated by the fire alarm.
Complete the following flow chart which summarizes the process of how Mrs. Lee
detects the stimulus and makes a response. (3 marks)

Spelling Corner
Stimulus detected: (i) vibrations from the bed shaker (1m) .
Receptors: (ii) touch receptor / pressure receptor (1m) .

Sense organ involved: (iii) skin (1m) .

Control centre: the brain

Effector: arm and leg muscles

Making a response: escape from the fire scene

effector  效應器

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(b) Apart from the bed shaker, the fire alarm on the wall also gives out flashing light to
notify Mrs. Lee about the fire scene. Describe how Mrs. Lee can see the flashing light
and be aware of the fire scene. Complete the paragraph below. (6 marks)

(i) Flashing light from the lamp (1m) enters the eyes through the transparent
layer called (ii) cornea (1m) . The light then passes through the pupil, the lens
and the (iii) jelly-like fluid (1m) and is finally focused onto the
(iv) retina (1m) , on which the (v) light-sensitive cells (1m)
Sectional Exercise

detect the stimulus and produce signals. The signals are then sent along the
(vi) optic nerve (1m) to the brain. The brain interprets the signals as sight,
knowing that flashing light means fire breaking out.
E (c) Mrs. Lee cannot balance her body well during her escape. Briefly explain why.
(3 marks)

Her inner ear may be damaged. (1m)

The sense of balance relies on signals from the semicircular canals / inner ear (1m) to provide
Integrated Exercise

information about the position and movements of the head. (1m)

5. Drug driving is dangerous. The Hong Kong Government has set up the new law against drug
driving in 2012.
Spelling Corner

conviction  定罪 imprisonment  監禁
fine  罰款
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(a) Police officers can ask drivers who are suspected of drug driving to conduct some tests
such as walk-and-turn test, and one-leg-stand test. Briefly explain how these tests help
police officers determine whether a driver’s normal driving ability is affected by drugs.
(2 marks)
Both walk-and-turn test and one-leg-stand test can test about the ability of
(i) body balance (0.5m) and coordination (0.5m) of the driver. Drugs can affect such
ability and lead to (ii) uncontrolled shaking of the head and limbs (1m) .

Sectional Exercise
(b) Besides affecting body coordination, state TWO reasons to support why drug driving is
dangerous. (2 marks)

Drugs can cause blurred vision / hallucination. (1m)

Drugs can lead to poor judgement and slow reaction. (1m) (Or any other reasonable answers)

(c) Apart from drugs, suggest another substance that can affect a person’s driving ability.
(1 mark)

Alcohol (1m) / Organic solvents (1m)

Integrated Exercise
Total Score :   / 50

Spelling Corner

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S PELLING C ORNER
Look at each group of figures below. Use one key term in science to describe the figures. The
letters forming the missing part of the key term can be found on the right.
1.
G S R
N A
O S
Sectional Exercise

N E
E
Key term: S E N S E   O R G A N

2.

N N
Integrated Exercise

P A I

Key term: P I N N A

3.
L G E
Spelling Corner

R L
A
D U
L I
G
Key term: I L L E G A L   D R U G

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