Presentation To BSU

Benguet State University
College of Arts and Sciences
Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana

College of Arts and Sciences | Department of Biology
Young Environmentalists Society
Environmental Science Week (Nov. 15-19, 2021)
“Environmental Response Towards Sustainability in the New Normal”
November 16, 2021 | Tuesday | 9AM
EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana

Climate Reality Leader

Mental Health Advisory
Climate Anxiety or Eco-Anxiety is a real
thing.
Whatever you will hear from this

presentation, please remember that there
is still hope, but we need to do our part as
environmental stewards.
Positive action is a remedy to climate

anxiety.

Outline of Presentation
1. Introduction
2. The Science of Climate Change
3. The Impacts of Climate Change
4. The Irreversible Impacts of Climate Change
5. Hope
6. Call to Action


Brief History
• The universe is about 13.8 billion years old. https://www.newscientist.com/question/how-old-
is-the-universe/
• The earth is about 4.55 billion years old. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-
science-figured-out-the-age-of-the-earth/
• Oldest stone tools appeared 3.3 million years ago (start of pre-historic period)
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature14464
• Humans (homo sapiens), or anatomically modern humans, first appeared about 315,000
years ago. https://www.nature.com/articles/nature.2017.22114 (nomadic hunter-gatherers)
• The Neolithic Revolution or Agricultural Revolution began 12,000 years ago.
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/neolithic-agricultural-revolution
• The Industrial Revolution, or the rapid mechanization and industrial production, started in
1770 following the invention of the steam engine and the Second Agricultural Revolution.
Plan 201: Theory and Practice of Planning | Lecturer: EnP.

5
Jonathan John G. Maldupana

Synchronous acceleration of trends from the 1950s to the present day depicting the dramatic
acceleration in human enterprise and the impacts on the Earth system.

7
Image source: https://i.pinimg.com/originals/5b/12/6c/5b126c1ff0eb0b657f60b83f955ac7cb.png

International
Geosphere-Biosphere
Programme and
Stockholm Resilience
Centre
24 graphs:
12 socio-economic
Changes in human
production and
consumption (as
reflected by GDP, FDI,
etc.) reflected in
changes in the Earth:
12 Earth trends
GHG levels, global
surface temperature,
ocean acidification,
etc.
The trajectory of the Anthropocene: The Great Acceleration. Will Steffen, Wendy Broadgate, Lisa Deutsch ,Owen Gaffney and Cornelia Ludwig. 20015 Anthropocene Review. Based on Steffen et
al. (2004) Global Change and the Earth System. More information. www.igbp.net. www.stockholmresilience.org. www.futureearth.info. www.globaia.org. www.anthropocene.info

OECD = Organisation
for Economic Co-
operation and
Development (38
countries)
BRICS = Brazil, Russia,
India, China, South
Africa
The trajectory of the

Anthropocene: The Great
Acceleration
Will Steffen, Wendy
Broadgate, Lisa Deutsch
,Owen Gaffney and
Cornelia Ludwig
20015 Anthropocene
Review
Based on Steffen et al.
(2004) Global Change and
the Earth System
More information
www.igbp.net
www.stockholmresilience.
org
www.futureearth.info
www.globaia.org
www.anthropocene.info

OECD = Organisation
for Economic Co-
operation and
Development (38
countries)
India, China, South
Africa

Acceleration
Will Steffen, Wendy
,Owen Gaffney and
Cornelia Ludwig
20015 Anthropocene
Review
the Earth System
More information
www.igbp.net
org
www.globaia.org

OECD = Organisation
for Economic Co-
operation and
Development (38
countries)
India, China, South
Africa

Acceleration
Will Steffen, Wendy
,Owen Gaffney and
Cornelia Ludwig
20015 Anthropocene
Review
the Earth System
More information
www.igbp.net
org
www.globaia.org

OECD = Organisation
for Economic Co-
operation and
Development (38
countries)
India, China, South
Africa

Acceleration
Will Steffen, Wendy
,Owen Gaffney and
Cornelia Ludwig
20015 Anthropocene
Review
the Earth System
More information
www.igbp.net
org
www.globaia.org

OECD = Organisation
for Economic Co-
operation and
Development (38
countries)
India, China, South
Africa

Acceleration
Will Steffen, Wendy
,Owen Gaffney and
Cornelia Ludwig
20015 Anthropocene
Review
the Earth System
More information
www.igbp.net
org
www.globaia.org

OECD = Organisation
for Economic Co-
operation and
Development (38
countries)
India, China, South
Africa

Acceleration
Will Steffen, Wendy
,Owen Gaffney and
Cornelia Ludwig
20015 Anthropocene
Review
the Earth System
More information
www.igbp.net
org
www.globaia.org

OECD = Organisation
for Economic Co-
operation and
Development (38
countries)
India, China, South
Africa

Acceleration
Will Steffen, Wendy
,Owen Gaffney and
Cornelia Ludwig
20015 Anthropocene
Review
the Earth System
More information
www.igbp.net
org
www.globaia.org

OECD = Organisation
for Economic Co-
operation and
Development (38
countries)
India, China, South
Africa

Acceleration
Will Steffen, Wendy
,Owen Gaffney and
Cornelia Ludwig
20015 Anthropocene
Review
the Earth System
More information
www.igbp.net
org
www.globaia.org

OECD = Organisation
for Economic Co-
operation and
Development (38
countries)
India, China, South
Africa

Acceleration
Will Steffen, Wendy
,Owen Gaffney and
Cornelia Ludwig
20015 Anthropocene
Review
the Earth System
More information
www.igbp.net
org
www.globaia.org

OECD = Organisation
for Economic Co-
operation and
Development (38
countries)
India, China, South
Africa

Acceleration
Will Steffen, Wendy
,Owen Gaffney and
Cornelia Ludwig
20015 Anthropocene
Review
the Earth System
More information
www.igbp.net
org
www.globaia.org

OECD = Organisation
for Economic Co-
operation and
Development (38
countries)
India, China, South
Africa

Acceleration
Will Steffen, Wendy
,Owen Gaffney and
Cornelia Ludwig
20015 Anthropocene
Review
the Earth System
More information
www.igbp.net
org
www.globaia.org

OECD = Organisation
for Economic Co-
operation and
Development (38
countries)
India, China, South
Africa

Acceleration
Will Steffen, Wendy
,Owen Gaffney and
Cornelia Ludwig
20015 Anthropocene
Review
the Earth System
More information
www.igbp.net
org
www.globaia.org

OECD = Organisation
for Economic Co-
operation and
Development (38
countries)
India, China, South
Africa

Acceleration
Will Steffen, Wendy
,Owen Gaffney and
Cornelia Ludwig
20015 Anthropocene
Review
the Earth System
More information
www.igbp.net
org
www.globaia.org

OECD = Organisation
for Economic Co-
operation and
Development (38
countries)
India, China, South
Africa

Acceleration
Will Steffen, Wendy
,Owen Gaffney and
Cornelia Ludwig
20015 Anthropocene
Review
the Earth System
More information
www.igbp.net
org
www.globaia.org

OECD = Organisation
for Economic Co-
operation and
Development (38
countries)
India, China, South
Africa

Acceleration
Will Steffen, Wendy
,Owen Gaffney and
Cornelia Ludwig
20015 Anthropocene
Review
the Earth System
More information
www.igbp.net
org
www.globaia.org

OECD = Organisation
for Economic Co-
operation and
Development (38
countries)
India, China, South
Africa

Acceleration
Will Steffen, Wendy
,Owen Gaffney and
Cornelia Ludwig
20015 Anthropocene
Review
the Earth System
More information
www.igbp.net
org
www.globaia.org

OECD = Organisation
for Economic Co-
operation and
Development (38
countries)
India, China, South
Africa

Acceleration
Will Steffen, Wendy
,Owen Gaffney and
Cornelia Ludwig
20015 Anthropocene
Review
the Earth System
More information
www.igbp.net
org
www.globaia.org

OECD = Organisation
for Economic Co-
operation and
Development (38
countries)
India, China, South
Africa

Acceleration
Will Steffen, Wendy
,Owen Gaffney and
Cornelia Ludwig
20015 Anthropocene
Review
the Earth System
More information
www.igbp.net
org
www.globaia.org

OECD = Organisation
for Economic Co-
operation and
Development (38
countries)
India, China, South
Africa

Acceleration
Will Steffen, Wendy
,Owen Gaffney and
Cornelia Ludwig
20015 Anthropocene
Review
the Earth System
More information
www.igbp.net
org
www.globaia.org

OECD = Organisation
for Economic Co-
operation and
Development (38
countries)
India, China, South
Africa

Acceleration
Will Steffen, Wendy
,Owen Gaffney and
Cornelia Ludwig
20015 Anthropocene
Review
the Earth System
More information
www.igbp.net
org
www.globaia.org

OECD = Organisation
for Economic Co-
operation and
Development (38
countries)
India, China, South
Africa

Acceleration
Will Steffen, Wendy
,Owen Gaffney and
Cornelia Ludwig
20015 Anthropocene
Review
the Earth System
More information
www.igbp.net
org
www.globaia.org

OECD = Organisation
for Economic Co-
operation and
Development (38
countries)
India, China, South
Africa

Acceleration
Will Steffen, Wendy
,Owen Gaffney and
Cornelia Ludwig
20015 Anthropocene
Review
the Earth System
More information
www.igbp.net
org
www.globaia.org

OECD = Organisation
for Economic Co-
operation and
Development (38
countries)
India, China, South
Africa

Acceleration
Will Steffen, Wendy
,Owen Gaffney and
Cornelia Ludwig
20015 Anthropocene
Review
the Earth System
More information
www.igbp.net
org
www.globaia.org

OECD = Organisation
for Economic Co-
operation and
Development (38
countries)
India, China, South
Africa

Acceleration
Will Steffen, Wendy
,Owen Gaffney and
Cornelia Ludwig
20015 Anthropocene
Review
the Earth System
More information
www.igbp.net
org
www.globaia.org

Planetary Boundaries (2009)
Boundaries within which humanity can continue to develop and
thrive for generations to come.
1. Stratospheric ozone depletion
* 2. Loss of biosphere integrity (biodiversity loss and extinctions)

3. Chemical pollution and the release of novel entities
4. Climate Change
5. Ocean acidification
* 6. Freshwater consumption and the global hydrological cycle

* 7. Land system change
* 8. Nitrogen and phosphorus flows to the biosphere and oceans
9. Atmospheric aerosol loading
Developed in 2009 by former Stockholm Resilience Institute director
Johan Rockström together with 28 internationally-renowned
scientists.
* Biosphere Boundaries
Stockholm Resilience Centre, 2015 | Learn more: https://www.stockholmresilience.org/research/planetary-boundaries.html
33

Limits to Growth (1972)
• A report by 17 researchers commissioned by the Club of Rome
• A study on the exponential economic and population growth vis-
à-vis a finite supply of resources.
• The study used the World3 computer model based on MIT’s Jay
Forrester as described in his book “World Dynamics”
• Five variables:
• Population
• Food production
• Industrialization
• Consumption of nonrenewable natural resources
• Pollution
• Conclusion: without substantial changes in resource
consumption, the most probable result will be a rather sudden
and uncontrollable decline in both population and industrial
capacity.
• Two of the scenarios: overshoot and collapse within the 21st
century
Image source: https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/771303725843509249/tC4Wu2iS_400x400.jpg

34

https://thehill.com/changing-america/sustainability/climate-change/563497-mit-predicted-society-would-collapse-by-2040
That method indicated the fall will be some point near the middle in the 21st century around 2040,
and so far, their projections have been on track, new analysis suggests.

Overshoot (1980)
• Carrying Capacity – maximum permanently supportable load.
• Cornucopian Myth – euphoric belief in limitless resources.
• Drawdown – stealing resources from the future.
• Cargoism – delusion that technology will always save us from
overshoot.
• Overshoot – growth beyond an area’s carrying capacity,
leading to crash (die-off).
Image source: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/319810.Overshoot
Plan 201: Theory and Practice of Planning | Lecturer: EnP.

36
Jonathan John G. Maldupana

Image source: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Alternative-pathways-overshoot-to-collapse-red-lines-or-controlled-contraction-
to_fig3_347751965 | https://pierie.nl/humanity/humanities-future/
Plan 201: Theory and Practice of Planning | Lecturer: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana 37

Image source: https://pages.facebook.com/ploverrovers/photos/a.106516071093440/344578830620495/?type=3&source=48 |
https://pages.facebook.com/earthshakerph/photos/a.1977128075674653/4147243721996400/?type=3&source=48
Plan 201: Theory and Practice of Planning | Lecturer: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana 38


The Science of
Climate Change

Climate
Climate in a narrow sense is usually defined as the average
weather, or more rigorously, as the statistical description in
terms of the mean and variability of relevant quantities over a
period of time ranging from months to thousands or millions
of years. The relevant quantities are most often surface
variables such as temperature, precipitation and wind.

Climate Change
Climate change refers to a change in the state of the
climate that can be identified (e.g., by using statistical
tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of
its properties and that persists for an extended
period, typically decades or longer.

Climate Change Global Warming
Includes warming Refers only to the earth’s rising
AND surface temperature.
The side effects of warming like
melting glaciers, heavy
rainstorms, more frequent
drought

Global Warming
The estimated increase in global mean surface
temperature (GMST) averaged over a 30-year period,
or the 30-year period centered on a particular year or
decade, expressed relative to pre-industrial levels.

Pre-Industrial
The multi-century period prior to the onset of
largescale industrial activity around 1750.
The reference period 1850–1900 is used to
approximate pre-industrial global mean surface
temperature (GMST).

Solar radiation
in the form of light waves
passes through the
atmosphere

Most of this radiation
is absorbed by the
Earth and warms it
Some energy is radiated

back into space by the
earth in the form of
infrared waves
GHG College of Arts and Sciences
Some of this outgoing infrared

radiation is trapped by the earth’s
atmosphere and warms it
↑ GHG
As the CO2 concentration

increases, more of the outgoing
infrared radiation is trapped.

↑ GHG → ↑ °C

Greenhouse Gases
Greenhouse gases are those gaseous constituents of the
atmosphere, both natural and anthropogenic, that absorb and emit
radiation at specific wavelengths within the spectrum of terrestrial
radiation emitted by the Earth’s surface, the atmosphere itself and
by clouds. This property causes the greenhouse effect. Water vapor
(H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4)
and ozone (O3) are the primary GHGs in the Earth’s atmosphere.

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
A naturally occurring gas, CO2 is also a
by-product of burning fossil fuels (such as oil, gas and coal),
burning biomass, industrial processes (e.g., cement production),
and land-use changes (LUC). It is the principal anthropogenic
greenhouse gas (GHG) that affects the Earth’s radiative balance.





70.4%
Fossil
Fuels
DOE. As of Dec. 2020


Since 2011, concentrations have continued to
increase in the atmosphere, reaching annual
averages of 410 ppm for carbon dioxide (CO2)…
Global CO2 Levels Benguet State University
(1850-2020) College of Arts and Sciences

Global Temperature Record Benguet State University
(1850-2020) College of Arts and Sciences


…there is a near-linear relationship between
cumulative anthropogenic CO2 emissions and the
global warming they cause.
Each 1,000 GtCO2 of cumulative CO2 emissions is

assessed to likely cause a 0.27°C to 0.63°C increase
in global surface temperature.

1.09°C
Global surface temperature was 1.09°C higher in
2011–2020 than 1850–1900, with larger increases
over land (1.59°C) than over the ocean (0.88°C).



https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-
change/news/climate-change-global-warming-end-
human-civilisation-research-a8943531.html
Expansion of extremely hot regions in a business-as-usual climate scenario.

Chi Xu et al. PNAS 2020;117:21:11350-11355
©2020 by National Academy of Sciences


Sixth Assessment Report Author Team
(6AR) of the • 234 authors from
Intergovernmental Panel on • 65 countries
Climate Change (IPCC) • 28% women
• 72% men
Working Group I • 30% new to the IPCC
Contribution:
“Climate Change 2021 – The Review Process
Physical Science Basis” • 14,000 scientific
publications assessed
Released: Aug. 9, 2021 • 78,000+ review
comments
• 46 countries commented
on Final Government
Distribution

Code Red for Humanity
[The report*] is a code red for humanity. The alarm
bells are deafening, and the evidence is irrefutable:
greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel burning
and deforestation are choking our planet and
putting billions of people at immediate risk.
- UN Secretary-General António Guterres
August 9, 2021

The Impacts of
Climate Change
CANADA: HEAT DOME

June 2021
record high temperature
486 dead
JULY 2021:

HOTTEST MONTH ON RECORD
0.93°C above the 20th century
average of 15.8°C

MADAGASCAR:
BACK-TO-BACK DROUGHT
July 2021 - present
400,000 “marching towards starvation”
14,000 in “famine-like” conditions
Madagascar faces the

first famine in
modern history to be
caused solely by
climate change
alone.

Where is
Climate Justice?
Every 1°C of warming

increases lightning
strikes by 12%.

OREGON: WILDFIRE
July – August 2021
100% contained
burned for 39 days
1,671 sq.km. burned
408 buildings destroyed
GREECE: WILDFIRE
July to Aug. 2021

burned 110,000 hectares
over two weeks

CALIFORNIA: WILDFIRE
July 2021 - present
2,331 sq.km. burned
1,100 buildings destroyed

SIBERIA: WILDFIRE
July to Aug. 2021
burned 10,000,000 acres
released 800 million tons of CO2
It is virtually certain (99-100% probability) that hot extremes (including
heatwaves) have become more frequent and more intense across

most land regions since the 1950s… with high confidence that
human-induced climate change is the main driver…

Every 1°C of warming
increases the air’s
capacity to hold water
vapor by 7%.

JAPAN: MUDSLIDE
July 2021
3+ dead, 80 missing
130 houses swept away

GERMANY: FLASH FLOOD
July 2021
173 dead, 155 missing

BELGIUM: FLASH FLOOD
July 2021
40+ dead

ZHENGZHOU, CHINA: FLOOD
July 2021
292 dead, 47 missing

BLACK SEA COAST,
TURKEY: FLOOD
August 2021
77 dead, 34 missing

The frequency and intensity of heavy precipitation events
have increased since the 1950s over most land area … (high
confidence), and human-induced climate change is likely
the main driver.

It is unequivocal that human influence has
warmed the atmosphere, ocean and land.
Widespread and rapid changes in the
atmosphere, ocean, cryosphere and biosphere
have occurred.

"More than 99.9% of peer-reviewed scientific papers agree that climate change is mainly caused by humans, according to
a new survey of 88,125 climate-related studies." https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2021/10/more-999-studies-agree-
humans-caused-climate-change




400 Impacts of Climate Change

The Irreversible Impacts
of Climate Change

Ocean Acidification
Ocean acidification refers to a reduction in the pH of the ocean over
an extended period, typically decades or longer, which is caused
primarily by uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere…
It is virtually certain (99-100% probability) that human-

caused CO2 emissions are the main driver of current
global acidification of the surface open ocean.

…surface open ocean pH as low
as recent decades is unusual in the last 2 million years
(medium confidence / 5 out of 10 chance).

Past GHG emissions since 1750 have committed
the global ocean to future warming
(high confidence).
Changes are IRREVERSIBLE on centennial to

millennial time scales in:
global ocean temperature (very high confidence),
deep ocean acidification (very high confidence),
and deoxygenation (medium confidence).

93% of the extra Heat
trapped by manmade
global warming pollution
goes into the
Ocean

Sea Level Change (Rise/Fall)
Sea level can change, both globally and locally (relative sea level
change) due to (1) a change in ocean volume as a result of a change
in the mass of water in the ocean, (2) changes in ocean volume as a
result of changes in ocean water density, (3) changes in the shape of
the ocean basins and changes in the Earth’s gravitational and
rotational fields, and (4) local subsidence or uplift of the land.
Global mean sea level increased Benguetby 0.20 m
State University
between 1901 and 2018. The average rate of

sea level rise was 3.7 mm per year between
2006 and 2018 (high confidence).
Human influence was very

likely the main driver of these
increases since at least 1971.

Global mean sea level has risen
faster since 1900 than over any
preceding century in at least the
last 3000 years (high confidence).
It is virtually certain (99-

100% probability) that
global mean sea level will
continue to rise over the
21st century.
the likely global mean sea level rise by 2100 is:

• 0.28-0.55 m under the very low GHG emissions scenario,
• 0.32-0.62 m under the low scenario,
• 0.44-0.76 m under the intermediate scenario, and
• 0.63-1.01 m under the very high scenario.

In the longer term, sea level is
COMMITTED to rise for centuries to
millennia due to continuing deep
ocean warming and ice sheet melt,
and will remain elevated for
thousands of years (high
confidence).

Glacier Ice Sheet
A perennial mass of ice, and Land ice masses of continental
possibly firn and snow, size (>50,000 km2) that is
originating on the land surface sufficiently thick to cover most of
by the recrystallisation of snow the underlying bed, so that its
and showing evidence of past or shape is mainly determined by its
present flow. dynamics…

Human influence is very likely (90-100% certainty) the main
driver of the global retreat of glaciers since the 1990s.

The global nature of glacier retreat, with almost all of the world’s
glaciers retreating synchronously, since the 1950s is unprecedented
in at least the last 2000 years (medium confidence).

Mountain and polar glaciers are COMMITTED to
continue melting for decades or centuries
(very high confidence / 9 out of 10 chance).

Continued ice loss over the 21st century is virtually certain
(99-100% probability) for the Greenland Ice Sheet and likely
(66-100%) for the Antarctic Ice Sheet.
The Greenland ice sheet

has melted past the
point of no return
The Economist | August 25, 2020
IF the Antarctic ice College of Arts and Sciences
sheet melted, sea levels

would rise by 60
meters.
NSIDC
Tipping Point: 660 ppm of CO2 levels

September 2020: 411.29 ppm
Planetary Boundary: 350 ppm
Pre-Industrial Levels: 280 ppm

Loss of permafrost
carbon following
permafrost thaw…
is IRREVERSIBLE
at centennial
timescales (high
confidence).

Nine Climate Tipping Points
https://media.nature.com/lw800/magazine-assets/d41586-
019-03595-0/d41586-019-03595-0_17429034.jpg
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/A-tipping-point-is-
reached-when-a-system-tips-over-from-regime-A-to-regime-B-
adapted_fig1_336273061

Irreversible: Committed:
1. global ocean temperature • melting of mountain and
(very high confidence) polar glaciers for decades or
2. deep ocean acidification centuries (very high
(very high confidence) confidence)
3. and deoxygenation • sea level rise for centuries to
(medium confidence) millennia due to continuing
4. the loss of permafrost deep ocean warming and ice
carbon following sheet melt, and will remain
permafrost thaw elevated for thousands of
years (high confidence)

Changes in Asia:
1. Increase in Heat Extremes will continue over the coming decades
(high confidence).
2. Marine Heat Waves will continue to increase (high confidence).
3. Average and High Precipitation will increase (high to medium
confidence).
4. In the long-term, Monsoon Precipitation will increase (medium
confidence).
5. Mean Sea Level Rise will continue to increase (high confidence).
1,634 929 57%

LGUs Coastal LGUs of LGUs
164 cities 959 if the Coastal LGUs along are vulnerable to
1,499 municipalities Laguna Bay are included. Sea Level Rise

Hope

We have the solutions at hand!




Some utilities in Texas are offering
free electricity at night
because wind energy is so abundant.



Golmud Solar Park, Qinghai, China


• July 25, 2018
The Golmud Solar Park

is providing electricity
for less than the price of
power from coal.
© 2018 Qilai Shen/Bloomberg via Getty Images

Granja Solar Plant, Chile College of Arts and Sciences

• June 2019
When it comes fully online

this solar farm will produce
the cheapest electricity in the
world.
Photo © 2019 SolarPack via Costos Peru



Chile has also announced it will close eight coal-
fired power stations over the next five years.
The country plans to switch entirely to renewable
electricity by 2040.

70.4%
Fossil
Fuels
DOE. As of Dec. 2020















https://youtu.be/D4vjGSiRGKY | https://www.drawdown.org/solutions

Call to Action
The Paris Agreement PH NDC

a legally binding international treaty GHG emissions reduction and avoidance
on climate change. It was adopted by of 75% (2.71% unconditional and
196 Parties at COP 21 in Paris, on 12 72.29% conditional)
December 2015 and entered into force
on 4 November 2016

Global warming of
1.5°C and 2°C will be
exceeded during the
21st century unless
deep reductions in CO2
and other greenhouse
gas emissions occur in
the coming decades.

If global net negative CO2 emissions were to
be achieved and be sustained, the global CO2-
induced surface temperature increase would
be gradually reversed…

Net Negative Emissions
A situation of net negative emissions is achieved when, as result of
human activities, more greenhouse gases are removed from the
atmosphere than are emitted into it.

Net Zero Emissions
Net zero emissions are achieved when anthropogenic emissions of
greenhouse gases to the atmosphere are balanced by
anthropogenic removals over a specified period.

Mitigation (of Climate Change)
A human intervention to…
Reduce emissions or… Enhance the sinks of
greenhouse gases.

Mitigation Adaptation
What you can do as an individual:
1. Talk about climate change. Continue conducting webinars. Deliver

presentations about the climate crisis.
2. Share posts about climate change.

"The single most
important thing we can
do about climate
change is, talk about it!
- Katharine Hayhoe
Leading climate scientist and communicator. Hosts PBS’s “Global Weirding” Youtube series. Director of
Texas Tech’s Climate Science Center. Lead author for the National Climate Assessment. Won TIME’s 100
most influential people, FORTUNE’s 50 World’s Greatest Leaders.

“From my perspective, talking
about climate change is the
single most effective thing
that you can do.
By this, I don’t mean having an argument with someone
in your family who disagrees.
I mean thinking deeply about why you care about

climate change – why this matters to you – and then
sharing this perspective with your own friends and family
and with your community."
- Jill Kubit
Co-founder of DearTomorrow, where people write letters to loved ones in
2050, sharing their thoughts on climate change and what actions they
promise to take.

3. Join or follow The Climate Reality Project, 350.org, Extinction
Rebellion, etc.
4. Sign the Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty.
https://www.climaterealityproject.org/ https://climatereality.ph/ College of Arts and Sciences


• Benguet State University
Your Alumni • BS Environmental Science
• Young Environmentalists Society
https://350.org/ College of Arts and Sciences

https://rebellion.global/ College of Arts and Sciences

In declaring a climate emergency, a government admits that Greenpeace country director Lea Guerrero urged Duterte
global warming exists and that measures taken up to this to issue an executive order “to put climate action at the
point are not enough to limit the changes brought by center of all policy decision-making from local to
it... Resolutions express the sense or position of a chamber of national level.”
Congress but are not binding.
https://fossilfueltreaty.org/


https://powerphilipp
ines.com/petron-
raises-php18b-from-
bond-sale/
https://powerphilipp
ines.com/ac-energy-
switches-on-php1-
9b-pililla-diesel-
plant/

3. Join or follow The Climate Reality Project, 350.org, Extinction
Rebellion, etc.
4. Sign the Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty.
5. Have less children.
6. Switch to a plant-based diet. Go vegan.
7. Install solar panels.
8. Make your home more energy efficient.
9. Be food and water self-sufficient.
10. Prepare your home for heat and rainfall extremes.
11. Use gas/diesel cars less.
12. Stop flying.
13. Divest from fossil fuels. (Check your VUL investment portfolio)
14. Refuse or reject overconsumption.
15. Reduce what you own, buy, or use. Embrace minimalism.
16. Reuse, recycle and compost as much as you can.
17. Buy only environment-friendly products.
18. Conduct research on climate solutions. Communicate solutions.
19. Protest. Demand a climate emergency. Demand climate action.
20. Vote for candidates who listen to science.

Magkaisa tayo!
Makiisa at makisama sa pag-protekta ng ating kalikasan.
Dahil nakasalalay sa kalikasan ang buhay nating lahat!

EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana
Email: jtmaldupana@gmail.com
Messenger: https://www.messenger.com/t/jtmaldupana
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/jtmaldupana/
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Benguet State University

College of Arts and Sciences

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana

EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana

Guest Speaker: EnP. Jonathan John G. Maldupana

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