INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON

Core Subject

Class No.: _____ Date: _________________________

Name: ____________________________________ Module 6– 2nd Quarter – SY2021-2022
Grade and Section: __________________________ Teacher: ______________________

I. Title: The Human Person in the Society

II. Objectives:
After accomplishing this module, you must be able to:

1. recognize how individuals form societies and how they are transformed by societies;
2. compare different forms of societies and individualities;
3. explain how human relations are transformed by social systems.

III. Material/s:
For background information, watch these preparatory videos:
Man as a social animal (LC #1) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y7V7fsw5az8&t=2s
Types of Societies https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i_JUNG7knfE
Comparing societies (LC #2) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WCmNc1jgDCc

IV. Time frame: Week 7

V. Concept:

“Man is a social animal.” Aristotle believed that every person has a natural urge to live an associated life
with others. Man needs society for his existence and survival. Early on, a child is conceived and born between
parents, dependent on others for nourishment and growth, and continue growing within a larger community, a
society whose goal is to promote good and happy life for individuals. Societies provides and creates conditions
and opportunities for the all-around development of individual members. Through social norms, societies ensure
harmony (peace & order) and cooperation among individuals (interaction & performance). In return, individuals
themselves transform societies through respective contributions in different forms, societies are changed by the
individuals (social change & transformation).

Types of Societies (Latin socius ‘companion’; societas ‘companionship’). According to encyclopedia. com,
society may be defined as the permanent union of individuals who are united by modes of behavior that are
demanded by some common end, value or interest. Commonality, then, plays an important part in the formation
of different societies; it can be a common interest, common value, common goal, etc. In terms of sustenance or
livelihood, we see the development of at least six types of societies:

1) Hunting & gathering societies are dependent on what nature provides for their sustenance and nourishment.
Men would hunt animals and women would gather fruits, root crops, nuts, and other edible plants. Moving from
place to place is constant and dictated by the availability of those resources; a decision done by a single leader
but by the adult members (non-hierarchical and equal). These nomadic people usually live together in small
numbers of around 50 members and share meager food resources.

2) Pastoral societies are dependent on domestication and herding of animals for their sustenance and other
commodities; pigs, goat, sheep, camel, etc. are primarily food but also sources of clothing and means of
transportation. These societies have a larger number than hunters, have basic hierarchical structure
(appearance of inequality), less nomadic, but move only if pastures are not adequate.

3) Horticultural societies are dependent on the cultivation of fruits, vegetables and plants using hand tools.
They are also a less nomadic people due to food surplus, have more members, have a hierarchical social
structure and even division of labor.

4) Agrarian societies are dependent on cultivation of crops like corn, wheat and rice using a mix of human and
non-human means like bigger farm animals to plow and cultivate the fields. The technique of channeling water

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(irrigation) was also introduced, creating an increase and more steady supply of food. At this time, societies no
longer need to move but occupy a particular location for settlement. This abundance of food resources paved
the way to population increase into millions, creation of social and trading interactions, building small towns,
formation of cities, development and specialization of skills and crafts. More complex forms of hierarchical social
structure or classes now develop, such as landowners/ masters and slaves (manual labor), etc.

5) Industrial societies are dependent on the use of mechanical means for food production (James Watt invented
the steam engine around 1769 in England). This created more advance farming techniques and greater chance
of improving peoples’ lives. The ‘necessity’ of slavery lost significance and was replaced by the ‘working class’
in mega-factories – human resources are still seen as vital but in lesser number compared to the time of pure
manual labor. Sophisticated hierarchical social structures are more solidly in placed supported by social norms
and legislation.

6) Post-industrial societies are dependent on service-oriented work in different industries for livelihood; in
education, health care, finance, information business and sales, etc. This is because at this time, science and
technology are advancing in a faster phase, where the use and manipulation of electric machineries and
electronic gadgets in all industries are systematically incorporated (radio to television to computers). More and
more skilled workers and innovators are sought after in these societies described as the information age.

VI. Activity:
Task 6: “Groupies” (10 points). Collect 5 pictures online from the 21st century albums (2000 to 2021),
representing at least 5 of the six types of societies presented above:

1. Hunting & Gathering 2. Pastoral 3. Horticultural

4. Agrarian 5. Industrial 6. Post-industrial

VII. Evaluation-Reflection
Quiz 6: “Binders-keepers” (10 points). Identify what particular ideals, interest or goals that bind these
groups of people together as shown in the photos. Select your answers from the options below:
A) Filial relationship D) Religious conviction G) Political discontentment
B) Criminal interests E) Physical well-being H) Network opportunities
C) Cultural heritage F) Institutional vision I) Memorial perpetuity

__ 1. Priests & nuns __ 2. Filipino war veterans __ 3. A family

__ 4. Athletes __ 5. Gang members __ 6. Businessperson

__ 7. Indigenous peoples __ 8. Rallyists __ 9. Espian community

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