Jurisdiction of Courts

ORIGINAL JURISDICTION OF COURTS
MUNICIPAL TRIAL COURT, REGIONAL TRIAL COURT SANDIGANBAYAN COURT OF TAX APPEAL COURT OF APPEALS SUPREME COURT
MUNICIPAL CIRCUIT TRIAL
COURT, AND METROPOLITAN
TRIAL
EXCLUSIVE ORIGINAL: CONCURRENT ORIGINAL: 1. The jurisdiction of the The Court of Tax Appeals CONCURRENT ORIGINAL: CONCURRENT ORIGINAL:
1. Civil actions and probate 1. Writs of certiorari, Sandiganbayan is set by (CTA) both has original 1. Writs of mandamus, 1. Petitions for certiorari,
proceedings, testate and prohibition, mandamus, P.D. 1606 jurisdiction and is an prohibition, certiorari, prohibition, mandamus,
intestate, including grant of quo warranto, habeas appellate court for matters habeas corpus, and quo quo warranto, and
provisional remedies, corpus [and injunction – 2. The applicable law related to taxes. warranto, and auxiliary habeas corpus (Consti
where the value of the exclusive original to provides: writs or processes, WON in A8 S5) SC/CA/RTC
personal property/estate/ RTC] which may be The court is led by a aid of its appellate 2. Cases affecting
demand does not exceed enforced in any part of Section 4. Jurisdiction — presiding justice, and has jurisdiction (BP 129 S9) ambassadors, other
P100,000 (MM – P200,000) their respective regions The Sandiganbayan shall eight associate justices. It is SC/CA/RTC public ministers and
exclusive of interest (BP 129 S21) exercise original an appellate court, equal to 2. Petitions for writ of consuls (Consti A8 A5)
damages, costs, etc. SC/CA/RTC jurisdiction in all cases the Court of Appeals kalikasan SC/CA SC/RTC
2. Forcible entry and unlawful 2. Actions affecting involving: 3. Petitions for writ of amparo 3. Petitions for writ of
detainer - If the defendant ambassadors, other a. Violations of Republic and habeas data kalikasan SC/CA
raises question of public ministers and Act No. 3019, as amended, SC/CA/RTC/SB 4. Petitions for writ of
ownership and the consuls (BP 129 S21) otherwise known as the amparo and habeas data
question of possession SC/RTC Anti-Graft and Corruption SC/CA/RTC/SB
cannot be resolved w/o 3. Petitions for writ of Practices Act, and Republic Concurrent with SC and CA
deciding the question of amparo and habeas data Act No. 1379, and Chapter Petitions for certiorari, Concurrent with SC and
ownership, the issue of SC/CA/RTC/SB II, Section 2, Title VII, Book prohibition, and CA
ownership shall be II of the Revised Penal mandamus against: a) Petitions for
resolved only to EXCLUSIVE ORIGINAL: Code, where one or more of
RTCs certiorari, prohibition,
determine the issue of 4. Writ of injunction (BP the accused are officials b) Civil Service and mandamus
possession 129 S21(1)) occupying the following
Commission against: a) RTCs
(BP 129 S33) 5. Civil actions in which the
positions in the
c) Quasi-judicial agencies b) Civil Service
3. Civil actions which involve subject is incapable of government, whether in a d) Labor cases from NLRC Commission
title to, or possession of, permanent, acting or
pecuniary estimation via Rule 65, but should c) Quasi-judicial
real property, where the 6. Civil interim capacity, at the
actions which be initially filed with CA agencies
time of the commission of
involve the title to, or in strict observance of
the offense:
Sources:
https://cacj-ajp.org/philippines/judiciary/description-of-courts/philippine-court-system/
https://www.scribd.com/document/303272950/Court-Jurisdiction-Table-with-Legal-Basis
assessed value does not possession of, real the doctrine on the Labor cases from
d)
exceed property or any interest (1) Officials of the hierarchy of courts (St. NLRC via Rule 65,
P20,000 (MM – P50,000) therein, where the executive branch Martin Funeral Homes v. but should be
- Value of the property assessed value of the occupying the positions of NLRC) initially filed with CA
shall be determined by property involved regional director and in strict observance
the assessed value of exceeds P20,000 (Metro higher, otherwise EXCLUSIVE ORIGINAL: of the doctrine on the
the adjacent lots Manila – P50,000) classified as Grade "27" e) Actions for annulment hierarchy of courts
(amended by 7. Actions in admiralty and and higher of the of judgments of RTCs (St. Martin
RA 7691) maritime jurisdiction Compensation and (BP 129 S9) Funeral Homes v. NLRC)
where demand/claim Position Classification Act
RTC-MTC LIMITS: exceeds P300,000 (MM – of 1989 (Republic Act No. EXCLUSIVE ORIGINAL:
a) P20,000/P50,000 P400,000) 6758), specifically 5. Sole judge of all contests
- Real property, title 8. Matters of probate, both including: relating to the election,
to or possession testate and intestate, returns, and
thereof where the gross value of (a) Provincial qualifications of the
b) P300,000/P400,000 the estate exceeds governors, vice-governors, President and Vice-
- Personal property P300,000 (MM – members of the President
P400,000) sangguniang panlalawigan, (Consti A7 S4)
- Estate
9. Actions involving the and provincial treasurers, 6. Review of sufficiency of
Demand/claim factual basis of the
contract of marriage and assessors, engineers, and
marital relations other provincial proclamation of martial
10. All cases not within the department heads; law or the suspension of
exclusive jurisdiction of (b) City mayors, the privilege of the writ
any court, tribunal, vice-mayors, members of of habeas corpus (Consti
person, or body the sangguniang A7 S18)
exercising judicial or panlungsody city 7. Decisions, orders, and
quasi-judicial functions treasurer, assessors, rulings of
11. All civil actions and engineers, and other city - Commission on Audit
special proceedings department heads; - Commission on
falling within the (c) Officials of the Elections
exclusive original diplomatic service
- Commission on
jurisdiction of occupying the position of
consul and higher; Appointments
a) Juvenile and - Court of Tax Appeals
(d) Philippine army
Domestic Relations
and air force colonels,
Sources:
Court naval captains, and all via Rule 65 (Consti A9-
b) Courts of Agrarian officers of higher rank; A S7)
Relations (BP (e) Officers of the
129 S19) Philippine National Police
All other cases in which the while occupying the
value of the property position of provincial
exceeds P300,000 or the director and those holding
demand (exclusive of the rank of senior
interest), damages, superintendent or higher;
attorney’s fees, litigation (f) City and
expenses, and costs or the provincial prosecutors and
value of the property in their assistants, and
controversy exceeds officials and prosecutors in
P400,000 (amended by RA the Office of the
7691) Ombudsman and special
prosecutor;
(g) Presidents,
directors or trustees, or
managers of government-
owned or controlled
corporations, state
universities or educational
institutions or foundations
(2) Members of Congress

and officials thereof
classified as Grade "27"
and up under the
Compensation and
Position Classification Act
of 1989;
(3) Members of the

judiciary without
Sources:
prejudice to the provisions
of the Constitution;
(4) Chairmen and

members of Constitutional
Commissions, without
prejudice to the provisions
of the Constitution; and
(5) All other national and

local officials classified as
Grade "27" and higher
under the Compensation
and Position Classification
Act of 1989.
b. Other offenses or
felonies whether simple or
complexed with other
crimes committed by the
public officials and
employees mentioned in
subsection "a" of this
section in relation to their
office.
c. Civil and criminal
cases filed pursuant to and
in connection with
Executive Order Nos. 1, 2,
14 and 14-A, issued in
1986.
*Salary grade alone does

not determine
Sources:
Sandigandbayan
jurisdiction
Also officers enumerated
in PD 1606 whose salary is
not grade 27 (exclusive
enumeration)
*Office must be a
constituent element of the
crime
Sources:
APPELLATE, SPECIAL, DELEGATED JURISDICTION OF COURTS
MTC,METC, REGIONAL TRIAL COURT COURT OF APPEALS SUPREME COURT
DELEGATED: APPELLATE: APPELLATE: APPELLATE:
d) May be assigned by SC to hear and 13. All cases decided by: f) All final judgments, resolutions, orders, 8. CA decisions
determine cadastral or land registration a) Metropolitan Trial Courts or awards of: a) RTCs 9. RTC decisions on pure questions of law
cases, covering lots with no controversy b) Municipal Trial Courts b) Quasi-judicial agencies (listed in 10. CTA decisions rendered en banc
or opposition, or contested lots where c) Municipal Circuit Trial Courts in Rule 43, S1) 11. Sandiganbayan decisions
the value does not exceed P100,000 (BP their respective territorial c) Instrumentalities, boards, or
129 S34) jurisdictions (BP 129 S22) commissions c) This appellate jurisdiction applies: 
d) Securities and Exchange In cases involving:
SPECIAL: SPECIAL: Commission a) Constitutionality or validity of
In the absence of all the Regional Trial 14. SC may designate certain branches of e) Social Security Commission treaty, international or executive
Judges on a province or city: RTC to handle exclusively: a) Criminal f) Employees Compensation agreement, law, presidential decree,
e) Petitions for a writ of habeas corpus
cases Commission proclamation, order, instruction,
g) Applications for bail in criminal cases ordinance, or regulation
b) Juvenile and domestic relations g) Civil Service Commission (BP 129,
(BP 129 S35) cases b) Legality of tax, impost, assessment,
S9)
c) Agrarian cases h) Court of Tax Appeals (Rule 43) or toll
h) Summary procedure
d) Urban land reform cases which do i) Labor cases from NLRC  via Rule c) Cases on jurisdiction of lower courts
i) Small claims not fall under the jurisdiction of d) Criminal cases – reclusion perpetua
65, but should be initially filed with
quasi-judicial bodies and agencies CA in strict observance of the or higher
e) Other cases which the SC may doctrine on the hierarchy of courts e) Error or question of law only
determine in the interest of a speedy (St. Martin (Consti A8 S5)
and efficient Funeral Homes v. NLRC)
administration of justice (BP 129 12. Labor cases from NLRC
S23) XPN: those falling within the jurisdiction  via Rule 65, but should be initially
of the SC filed with CA in strict observance of the
doctrine on the hierarchy of courts (St.
Martin Funeral Homes v. NLRC)
Sources:
SPECIALIZED COURTS
FAMILY COURT COMMERCIAL COURT INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY COURT
1. 1.
1. Petitions for guardianship, custody of children, habeas corpus in Devices or schemes employed by or any acts, of the Application for the writ of search and seizure in civil
relation to children board of directors, business associates, its officers or actions for infringement of intellectual property
2. Petitions for adoption of children and revocation thereof partnership, amounting to fraud and rights
3. Complaints for annulment of marriage, declaration of nullity of misrepresentation which may be detrimental to the
marriage, and those relating to marital status, property relations 2. interest of the public and/or of the stockholders,
of husband and wife or those living together under different partners, members of the associations or
status and agreements, and petitions for dissolution of conjugal organizations registered with the SEC
partnership of gains Controversies arising out of intra-corporate or
4. Actions for support and acknowledgment partnership relations:
a) Between and among stockholders, members or
5. Summary judicial proceedings brought under the Family Code 3.
6. Petitions for declaration of status of children as abandoned, associates
dependent or neglected children, petitions for voluntary or b) Between any or all of them and the corporation
involuntary commitment of children; the suspension, c) Between such corporation and the State
termination, or restoration of parental authority, and other Controversies in the election or appointments of
cases directors, trustees, officers, or managers of such
7. Petitions for the constitution of the family home corporations Derivative suits
8. Cases of domestic violence against women and children Inspection of corporate books
9. Petitions for declaration of absolute nullity of void marriages
and annulment of voidable marriages under the Family Code
10. Petitions for legal separation
11. Provisional and protection orders, hold departure orders
Sources:
GOVERNMENT AGENCIES WITH QUASI-JUDICIAL FUNCTIONS
Government Agency Quasi-Judicial Function
Department of Agriculture Executive Order No. 292 and Administrative Code of 1987, DA has the power to manage the complaints filed in the
Department (Administrative Dispute Mechanism)
Department of Environment and Natural EO 192: Supervise and control over forest lands, and mineral resources which the Secretary of the DENR is at the
Resources helm in exercising these powers and functions, including the adjudication of environmental cases.
Appellate jurisdiction on the decisions, resolutions, and orders of the DENR Regional Offices and Bureaus
concerning land claims and conflict of cases as well as other environment and natural resources cases.
Pollution Adjudication Board is the judicial body of DENR which hears and decides carious pollution cases
Department of Agrarian Reform RA 6657: The DAR is hereby vested with primary jurisdiction to determine and adjudicate agrarian reform matters
and shall have exclusive original jurisdiction over all matters involving the implementation of agrarian reform
except those falling under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Department of Agriculture (DA) and the Department of
Environment and Natural Resources (DENR).
It shall have the power to summon witnesses, administer oaths, take testimony, require submission of reports,
compel the production of books and documents and answers to interrogatories and issue subpoena, and subpoena
duces tecum, and enforce its writs through sheriffs or other duly deputized officers. It shall likewise have the power
to punish direct and indirect contempts in the same manner and subject to the same penalties as provided in the
Rules of Court.
Department of Justice The DOJ investigates the commission of crimes and prosecutes offenders through the National Bureau of
Investigation (NBI) and the National Prosecution Service (NPS), respectively. Likewise, the DOJ administers the
probation and correction system of the country through the Bureau of Corrections (BuCor), the Board of Pardons
and Parole (BPP)and the Parole and Probation Administration (PPA).
Sources:
OADR an agency attached to the DOJ and which is tasked to promote, develop and expand the use of alternative
dispute resolution in civil and commercial disputes.
Civil Service Commission EO 292, Section 12, Items 5-9
(5) Render opinion and rulings on all personnel and other Civil Service matters which shall be binding on all heads
of departments, offices and agencies and which may be brought to the Supreme Court on certiorari;
(6) Appoint and discipline its officials and employees in accordance with law and exercise control and supervision
over the activities of the Commission;
(7) Control, supervise and coordinate Civil Service examinations. Any entity or official in government may be called
upon by the Commission to assist in the preparation and conduct of said examinations including security, use of
buildings and facilities as well as personnel and transportation of examination materials which shall be exempt
from inspection regulations;
(8) Prescribe all forms for Civil Service examinations, appointments, reports and such other forms as may be
required by law, rules and regulations;
(9) Declare positions in the Civil Service as may properly be primarily confidential, highly technical or policy
determining;
Department of Tourism R.A. 9593 or Tourism Act of 2009
The Department shall have the following powers and functions:
(l) xx impose reasonable penalties for violation of accreditation policies and recommend to the LGUs concerned the
suspension or prohibition of operation of a tourism enterprise
(m) Monitor the LGUs’ compliance to national standards in the licensing of tourism enterprises, receive and
investigate complaints concerning these enterprises, and act on such complaints to properly implement the
provisions of this Act;
Sources:

Jurisdiction of Courts

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ORIGINAL JURISDICTION OF COURTS

(2) Members of Congress

(3) Members of the

(4) Chairmen and

(5) All other national and

*Salary grade alone does

Civil Service Commission EO 292, Section 12, Items 5-9

The Department shall have the following powers and functions:

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