Pablo Neruda

Ricardo Eliécer Neftalí Reyes Basoalto (12 July 1904 – 23 Sept ember 1973), bet t er known by
his pen name and, lat er, legal name Pablo Neruda (/nəˈruːdə/;[1] Spanish: [ˈpaβlo neˈɾuða]), was a
Chilean poet -diplomat and polit ician who won t he Nobel Prize for Lit erat ure in 1971. Neruda
became known as a poet when he was 13 years old, and wrot e in a variet y of st yles, including
surrealist poems, hist orical epics, overt ly polit ical manifest os, a prose aut obiography, and
passionat e love poems such as t he ones in his collect ion Twenty Love Poems and a Song of
Despair (1924).
 Pablo Neruda

Neruda in 1963

Born Ricardo Eliécer Neftalí Reyes Basoalto

12 July 1904
Parral, Maule Region, Chile

Died 23 September 1973 (aged 69)

Santiago, Chile

Occupation Poet, diplomat, senator

Political party Communist

Spouse(s) Marijke Antonieta Hagenaar Vogelzang (1930–

1943 or 1930–1965) (d. Mar 27 1965)

Delia del Carril (1943–1965) marriage valid in

Mexico (d. July 26, 1989)

Matilde Urrutia Cerda (also called Matilde

Rosario Urrutia Cerda) (1965–1973) (d. Jan 5
1985)

Children 1

Awards International Peace Prize (1950)

Lenin Peace Prize (1953)

Nobel Prize in Literature (1971)

Signature
Neruda occupied many diplomat ic posit ions in various count ries during his lifet ime and served a
t erm as a Senat or for t he Chilean Communist Part y. When President Gabriel González Videla
out lawed communism in Chile in 1948, a warrant was issued for Neruda's arrest . Friends hid him
for mont hs in t he basement of a house in t he port cit y of Valparaíso, and in 1949 he escaped
t hrough a mount ain pass near Maihue Lake int o Argent ina; he would not ret urn t o Chile for more
t han t hree years. He was a close advisor t o Chile's socialist President Salvador Allende, and,
when he got back t o Chile aft er accept ing his Nobel Prize in St ockholm, Allende invit ed him t o
read at t he Est adio Nacional before 70,000 people.[2]

Neruda was hospit alized wit h cancer in Sept ember 1973, at t he t ime of t he coup d'ét at led by
August o Pinochet t hat overt hrew Allende's government , but ret urned home aft er a few days
when he suspect ed a doct or of inject ing him wit h an unknown subst ance for t he purpose of
murdering him on Pinochet 's orders.[3] Neruda died in his house in Isla Negra on 23 Sept ember
1973, just hours aft er leaving t he hospit al. Alt hough it was long report ed t hat he died of heart
failure, t he Int erior Minist ry of t he Chilean government issued a st at ement in 2015
acknowledging a Minist ry document indicat ing t he government 's official posit ion t hat "it was
clearly possible and highly likely" t hat Neruda was killed as a result of "t he int ervent ion of t hird
part ies".[4] However, an int ernat ional forensic t est conduct ed in 2013 reject ed allegat ions t hat he
was poisoned. It was concluded t hat he was suffering from prost at e cancer.[5][6] Pinochet ,
backed by element s of t he armed forces, denied permission for Neruda's funeral t o be made a
public event , but t housands of grieving Chileans disobeyed t he curfew and crowded t he st reet s.

Neruda is oft en considered t he nat ional poet of Chile, and his works have been popular and
influent ial worldwide. The Colombian novelist Gabriel García Márquez once called him "t he
great est poet of t he 20t h cent ury in any language",[7] and t he crit ic Harold Bloom included
Neruda as one of t he writ ers cent ral t o t he West ern t radit ion in his book The Western Canon.

Early life
Neruda as a young man

Ricardo Eliécer Neft alí Reyes Basoalt o was born on 12 July 1904, in Parral, Chile,[8] a cit y in
Linares Province, now part of t he great er Maule Region, some 350 km sout h of Sant iago.[9] His
fat her, José del Carmen Reyes Morales, was a railway employee, and his mot her Rosa Neft alí
Basoalt o Opazo was a school t eacher wit h Jewish root s who died t wo mont hs aft er he was born.
Soon aft er her deat h, Reyes moved t o Temuco where he married a woman, Trinidad Candia
Malverde, wit h whom he had anot her child born nine years earlier, a boy named Rodolfo de la
Rosa.[10] Neruda grew up in Temuco wit h Rodolfo and a half-sist er, Laura Herminia "Laurit a", from
one of his fat her's ext ramarit al affairs (her mot her was Aurelia Tolrà, a Cat alan woman).[11] He
composed his first poems in t he wint er of 1914.[12] Neruda was an at heist .[13]

Literary career

Neruda's fat her opposed his son's int erest in

something started in my soul,

writ ing and lit erat ure, but he received

fever or forgotten wings,

encouragement from ot hers, including t he fut ure

and I made my own way,

Nobel Prize winner Gabriela Mist ral, who headed deciphering

t he local school. On 18 July 1917, at t he age of that fire

13, he published his first work, an essay t it led and wrote the first faint line,

"Ent usiasmo y perseverancia" ("Ent husiasm and faint without substance, pure

Perseverance") in t he local daily newspaper La nonsense,

pure wisdom,

Mañana, and signed it Neft alí Reyes.[15] From 1918

of someone who knows nothing,

t o mid-1920, he published numerous poems, such

and suddenly I saw

as "Mis ojos" ("My eyes"), and essays in local the heavens

magazines as Neft alí Reyes. In 1919, he unfastened

part icipat ed in t he lit erary cont est Juegos and open.

Florales del Maule and won t hird place for his From "Poetry", Memorial de Isla Negra (1964).
poem "Comunión ideal" or "Noct urno ideal". By mid- Trans. Alastair Reid.[14]
1920, when he adopt ed t he pseudonym Pablo
Neruda, he was a published aut hor of poems,
prose, and journalism. He is t hought t o have derived his pen name from t he Czech poet Jan
Neruda,[16][17][18] t hough ot her sources say t he t rue inspirat ion was Moravian violinist Wilma
Neruda, which name appears in Art hur Conan Doyle's novel A Study in Scarlet.[19][20] The young
poet 's int ent ion in publishing under a pseudonym was t o avoid his fat her's disapproval of his
poems.

In 1921, at t he age of 16, Neruda moved t o Sant iago[14] t o st udy French at t he Universidad de
Chile wit h t he int ent ion of becoming a t eacher. However, he was soon devot ing all his t ime t o
writ ing poems and wit h t he help of well-known writ er Eduardo Barrios,[21] he managed t o meet
and impress Don Carlos George Nasciment o, t he most import ant publisher in Chile at t he t ime. In
1923, his first volume of verse, Crepusculario (Book of Twilights), was published by Edit orial
Nasciment o, followed t he next year by Veinte poemas de amor y una canción desesperada
(Twenty Love Poems and A Desperate Song),[14] a collect ion of love poems t hat was cont roversial
for it s erot icism, especially considering it s aut hor's young age. Bot h works were crit ically
acclaimed and have been t ranslat ed int o many languages. Over t he decades, Veinte poemas sold
millions of copies and became Neruda's best -known work, t hough a second edit ion did not appear
unt il 1932. Almost 100 years lat er, Veint e Poemas st ill ret ains it s place as t he best -selling
poet ry book in t he Spanish language.[14] By t he age of 20, Neruda had est ablished an int ernat ional
reput at ion as a poet but faced povert y.[14]

In 1926, he published t he collect ion Tentativa del hombre infinito (The Attempt of the Infinite
Man) and t he novel El habitante y su esperanza (The Inhabitant and His Hope).[22] In 1927, out of
financial desperat ion, he t ook an honorary consulship in Rangoon, t he capit al of t he Brit ish colony
of Burma, t hen administ ered from New Delhi as a province of Brit ish India. Rangoon was a place
he had never heard of before.[22] Lat er, mired in isolat ion and loneliness, he worked in Colombo
(Ceylon), Bat avia (Java), and Singapore.[23] In Bat avia t he following year, he met and married (6
December 1930) his first wife, a Dut ch bank employee named Marijke Ant oniet a Hagenaar
Vogelzang (born as Mariet je Ant onia Hagenaar),[24] known as Maruca.[25] While he was in t he
diplomat ic service, Neruda read large amount s of verse, experiment ed wit h many different
poet ic forms, and wrot e t he first t wo volumes of Residencia en la Tierra, which includes many
surrealist poems.
 Diplomatic and political career

Spanish Civil War

Aft er ret urning t o Chile, Neruda was given diplomat ic post s in Buenos Aires and t hen Barcelona,
Spain.[26] He lat er succeeded Gabriela Mist ral as consul in Madrid, where he became t he cent er
of a lively lit erary circle, befriending such writ ers as Rafael Albert i, Federico García Lorca, and t he
Peruvian poet César Vallejo.[26] His only offspring, his daught er Malva Marina (Trinidad) Reyes,
was born in Madrid in 1934. She was plagued wit h severe healt h problems, especially suffering
from hydrocephalus.[27] She died in 1943 (nine years old), having spent most of her short life wit h
a fost er family in t he Net herlands aft er Neruda ignored and abandoned her, forcing her mot her t o
t ake what jobs she could.[28][29][30][31] Half t hat t ime was during t he Nazi occupat ion of Holland,
when t he Nazi ment alit y on birt h defect s denot ed genet ic inferiorit y at best . During t his period,
Neruda became est ranged from his wife and inst ead began a relat ionship wit h Delia del Carril, an
arist ocrat ic Argent ine art ist who was 20 years his senior.

Grave of Malva Marina, sole daughter of Pablo Neruda

As Spain became engulfed in civil war, Neruda became int ensely polit icized for t he first t ime. His
experiences during t he Spanish Civil War and it s aft ermat h moved him away from privat ely
focused work in t he direct ion of collect ive obligat ion. Neruda became an ardent Communist for
t he rest of his life. The radical left ist polit ics of his lit erary friends, as well as t hat of del Carril,
were cont ribut ing fact ors, but t he most import ant cat alyst was t he execut ion of García Lorca by
forces loyal t o t he dict at or Francisco Franco.[26] By means of his speeches and writ ings, Neruda
t hrew his support behind t he Spanish Republic, publishing t he collect ion España en el corazón
(Spain in Our Hearts, 1938). He lost his post as consul due t o his polit ical milit ancy.[26] In July
1937, he at t ended t he Second Int ernat ional Writ ers' Congress, t he purpose of which was t o
discuss t he at t it ude of int ellect uals t o t he war in Spain, held in Valencia, Barcelona and Madrid
and at t ended by many writ ers including André Malraux, Ernest Hemingway and St ephen
Spender.[32]

Neruda's marriage t o Vogelzang broke down and Neruda event ually obt ained a divorce in Mexico
in 1943. His est ranged wife moved t o Mont e Carlo t o escape t he host ilit ies in Spain and t hen t o
t he Net herlands wit h t heir very ill only child, and he never saw eit her of t hem again.[33] Aft er
leaving his wife, Neruda lived wit h Delia del Carril in France, event ually marrying her (short ly aft er
his divorce) in Tet ecala in 1943; however, his new marriage was not recognized by Chilean
aut horit ies as his divorce from Vogelzang was deemed illegal.[34]

Following t he elect ion of Pedro Aguirre Cerda (whom Neruda support ed) as President of Chile in
1938, Neruda was appoint ed special Consul for Spanish emigrant s in Paris. There he was
responsible for what he called "t he noblest mission I have ever undert aken": t ransport ing 2,000
Spanish refugees who had been housed by t he French in squalid camps t o Chile on an old ship
called t he Winnipeg.[35] Neruda is somet imes charged wit h having select ed only fellow
Communist s for emigrat ion, t o t he exclusion of ot hers who had fought on t he side of t he
Republic.[36] Many Republicans and Anarchist s were killed during t he German invasion and
occupat ion. Ot hers deny t hese accusat ions, point ing out t hat Neruda chose only a few hundred
of t he 2,000 refugees personally; t he rest were select ed by t he Service for t he Evacuat ion of
Spanish Refugees set up by Juan Negrín, President of t he Spanish Republican Government in
Exile.

Mexican appointment

Neruda's next diplomat ic post was as Consul General in Mexico Cit y from 1940 t o 1943.[37] While
he was t here, he married del Carril, and learned t hat his daught er Malva had died, aged eight , in
t he Nazi-occupied Net herlands.[37]

In 1940, aft er t he failure of an assassinat ion at t empt against Leon Trot sky, Neruda arranged a
Chilean visa for t he Mexican paint er David Alfaro Siqueiros, who was accused of having been one
of t he conspirat ors in t he assassinat ion.[38] Neruda lat er said t hat he did it at t he request of t he
Mexican President , Manuel Ávila Camacho. This enabled Siqueiros, t hen jailed, t o leave Mexico
for Chile, where he st ayed in Neruda's privat e residence. In exchange for Neruda's assist ance,
Siqueiros spent over a year paint ing a mural in a school in Chillán. Neruda's relat ionship wit h
Siqueiros at t ract ed crit icism, but Neruda dismissed t he allegat ion t hat his int ent had been t o
help an assassin as "sensat ionalist polit ico-lit erary harassment ".
Return to Chile

In 1943, aft er his ret urn t o Chile, Neruda made a t our of Peru, where he visit ed Machu Picchu,[39]
an experience t hat lat er inspired Alturas de Macchu Picchu, a book-lengt h poem in 12 part s t hat
he complet ed in 1945 and which expressed his growing awareness of, and int erest in, t he ancient
civilizat ions of t he Americas. He explored t his t heme furt her in Canto General (1950). In Alturas,
Neruda celebrat ed t he achievement of Machu Picchu, but also condemned t he slavery t hat had
made it possible. In Canto XII, he called upon t he dead of many cent uries t o be born again and t o
speak t hrough him. Mart ín Espada, poet and professor of creat ive writ ing at t he Universit y of
Massachuset t s Amherst , has hailed t he work as a mast erpiece, declaring t hat "t here is no
great er polit ical poem".

Communism

Bolst ered by his experiences in t he Spanish Civil War, Neruda, like many left -leaning int ellect uals
of his generat ion, came t o admire t he Soviet Union of Joseph St alin, part ly for t he role it played
in defeat ing Nazi Germany and part ly because of an idealist int erpret at ion of Marxist doct rine.[40]
This is echoed in poems such as "Cant o a St alingrado" (1942) and "Nuevo cant o de amor a
St alingrado" (1943). In 1953, Neruda was awarded t he St alin Peace Prize. Upon St alin's deat h t hat
same year, Neruda wrot e an ode t o him, as he also wrot e poems in praise of Fulgencio Bat ist a,
"Saludo a Bat ist a" ("Salut e t o Bat ist a"), and lat er t o Fidel Cast ro. His fervent St alinism event ually
drove a wedge bet ween Neruda and his long-t ime friend Oct avio Paz, who comment ed t hat
"Neruda became more and more St alinist , while I became less and less enchant ed wit h St alin."[41]
Their differences came t o a head aft er t he Nazi-Soviet Ribbent rop–Molot ov Pact of 1939, when
t hey almost came t o blows in an argument over St alin. Alt hough Paz st ill considered Neruda "The
great est poet of his generat ion", in an essay on Aleksandr Solzhenit syn he wrot e t hat when he
t hinks of "Neruda and ot her famous St alinist writ ers and poet s, I feel t he gooseflesh t hat I get
from reading cert ain passages of t he Inferno. No doubt t hey began in good fait h [...] but
insensibly, commit ment by commit ment , t hey saw t hemselves becoming ent angled in a mesh of
lies, falsehoods, deceit s and perjuries, unt il t hey lost t heir souls."[42] On 15 July 1945, at
Pacaembu St adium in São Paulo, Brazil, Neruda read t o 100,000 people in honor of t he
Communist revolut ionary leader Luís Carlos Prest es.[43]

Neruda also called Vladimir Lenin t he "great genius of t his cent ury", and in a speech he gave on 5
June 1946, he paid t ribut e t o t he lat e Soviet leader Mikhail Kalinin, who for Neruda was "man of
noble life", "t he great const ruct or of t he fut ure", and "a comrade in arms of Lenin and St alin".[44]
Neruda lat er came t o regret his fondness for t he Soviet Union, explaining t hat "in t hose days,
St alin seemed t o us t he conqueror who had crushed Hit ler's armies."[40] Of a subsequent visit t o
China in 1957, Neruda wrot e: "What has est ranged me from t he Chinese revolut ionary process has
not been Mao Tse-t ung but Mao Tse-t ungism." He dubbed t his Mao Tse-St alinism: "t he
repet it ion of a cult of a Socialist deit y."[40] Despit e his disillusionment wit h St alin, Neruda never
lost his essent ial fait h in Communist t heory and remained loyal t o "t he Part y". Anxious not t o give
ammunit ion t o his ideological enemies, he would lat er refuse publicly t o condemn t he Soviet
repression of dissident writ ers like Boris Past ernak and Joseph Brodsky, an at t it ude wit h which
even some of his st aunchest admirers disagreed.[45]

Wikisource has original t ext relat ed t o t his art icle:

I Accuse

On 4 March 1945, Neruda was elect ed a Communist Senat or for t he nort hern provinces of
Ant ofagast a and Tarapacá in t he At acama Desert .[46][47] He officially joined t he Communist Part y
of Chile four mont hs lat er.[37] In 1946, t he Radical Part y's president ial candidat e, Gabriel González
Videla, asked Neruda t o act as his campaign manager. González Videla was support ed by a
coalit ion of left -wing part ies and Neruda fervent ly campaigned on his behalf. Once in office,
however, González Videla t urned against t he Communist Part y and issued t he Ley de Defensa
Permanente de la Democracia (Law of Permanent Defense of t he Democracy). The breaking
point for Senat or Neruda was t he violent repression of a Communist -led miners' st rike in Lot a in
Oct ober 1947, when st riking workers were herded int o island milit ary prisons and a concent rat ion
camp in t he t own of Pisagua. Neruda's crit icism of González Videla culminat ed in a dramat ic
speech in t he Chilean senat e on 6 January 1948, which became known as "Yo acuso" ("I accuse"),
in t he course of which he read out t he names of t he miners and t heir families who were
imprisoned at t he concent rat ion camp.[48]

In 1959, Neruda was present as Fidel Cast ro was honored at a welcoming ceremony offered by
t he Cent ral Universit y of Venezuela where he spoke t o a massive gat hering of st udent s and read
his Cant o a Bolivar. Luis Báez summarized what Neruda said: "In t his painful and vict orious hour
t hat t he peoples of America live, my poem wit h changes of place, can be underst ood direct ed t o
Fidel Cast ro, because in t he st ruggles for freedom t he fat e of a Man t o give confidence t o t he
spirit of great ness in t he hist ory of our peoples".

During t he lat e 1960s, Argent ine writ er Jorge Luis Borges was asked for his opinion of Pablo
Neruda. Borges st at ed, "I t hink of him as a very fine poet , a very fine poet . I don't admire him as a
man, I t hink of him as a very mean man."[49] He said t hat Neruda had not spoken out against
Argent ine President Juan Perón because he was afraid t o risk his reput at ion, not ing "I was an
Argent ine poet , he was a Chilean poet , he's on t he side of t he Communist s; I'm against t hem. So I
felt he was behaving very wisely in avoiding a meet ing t hat would have been quit e uncomfort able
for bot h of us."[50]

Hiding and exile, 1948–1952

Neruda with his wife and Erich Honecker in 1951

A few weeks aft er his "Yo acuso" speech in 1948, finding himself t hreat ened wit h arrest , Neruda
went int o hiding and he and his wife were smuggled from house t o house hidden by support ers
and admirers for t he next 13 mont hs.[37] While in hiding, Senat or Neruda was removed from office
and, in Sept ember 1948, t he Communist Part y was banned alt oget her under t he Ley de Defensa
Permanente de la Democracia, called by crit ics t he Ley Maldita (Accursed Law), which eliminat ed
over 26,000 people from t he elect oral regist ers, t hus st ripping t hem of t heir right t o vot e.
Neruda lat er moved t o Valdivia in sout hern Chile. From Valdivia he moved t o Fundo Huishue, a
forest ry est at e in t he vicinit y of Huishue Lake. Neruda's life underground ended in March 1949
when he fled over t he Lilpela Pass in t he Andes Mount ains t o Argent ina on horseback. He would
dramat ically recount his escape from Chile in his Nobel Prize lect ure.

Once out of Chile, he spent t he next t hree years in exile.[37] In Buenos Aires, Neruda t ook
advant age of t he slight resemblance bet ween him and his friend, t he fut ure Nobel Prize-winning
novelist and cult ural at t aché t o t he Guat emalan embassy Miguel Ángel Ast urias, t o t ravel t o
Europe using Ast urias' passport .[51] Pablo Picasso arranged his ent rance int o Paris and Neruda
made a surprise appearance t here t o a st unned World Congress of Peace Forces, while t he
Chilean government denied t hat t he poet could have escaped t he count ry.[51] Neruda spent
t hose t hree years t raveling ext ensively t hroughout Europe as well as t aking t rips t o India, China,
Sri Lanka, and t he Soviet Union. His t rip t o Mexico in lat e 1949 was lengt hened due t o a serious
bout of phlebit is.[52] A Chilean singer named Mat ilde Urrut ia was hired t o care for him and t hey
began an affair t hat would, years lat er, culminat e in marriage.[52] During his exile, Urrut ia would
t ravel from count ry t o count ry shadowing him and t hey would arrange meet ings whenever t hey
could. Mat ilde Urrut ia was t he muse for Los versos del capitán, a book of poet ry which Neruda
lat er published anonymously in 1952.

While in Mexico, Neruda also published

his lengt hy epic poem Canto General, a from "Full Woman, Fleshly Apple, Hot Moon"

Whit manesque cat alog of t he hist ory,

Full woman, fleshly apple, hot moon,

geography, and flora and fauna of Sout h

thick smell of seaweed, crushed mud and light,

America, accompanied by Neruda's

what obscure brilliance opens between your columns?

observat ions and experiences. Many of What ancient night does a man touch with his senses?

t hem dealt wit h his t ime underground in

Chile, which is when he composed Loving is a journey with water and with stars,

much of t he poem. In fact , he had with smothered air and abrupt storms of flour:

carried t he manuscript wit h him during loving is a clash of lightning-bolts

his escape on horseback. A mont h lat er, and two bodies defeated by a single drop of honey.

a different edit ion of 5,000 copies was From "Full Woman, Fleshly Apple, Hot Moon",
boldly published in Chile by t he Selected Poems translated by Stephen Mitchell (1997) [53]
out lawed Communist Part y based on a
manuscript Neruda had left behind. In
Mexico, he was grant ed honorary Mexican cit izenship.[54] Neruda's 1952 st ay in a villa owned by
It alian hist orian Edwin Cerio on t he island of Capri was fict ionalized in Ant onio Skarmet a's 1985
novel Ardiente Paciencia (Ardent Patience, lat er known as El cartero de Neruda, or Neruda's
Postman), which inspired t he popular film Il Postino (1994).[55]

Second return to Chile

Neruda recording his poetry at the U.S. Library of Congress in 1966

By 1952, t he González Videla government was on it s last legs, weakened by corrupt ion scandals.
The Chilean Socialist Part y was in t he process of nominat ing Salvador Allende as it s candidat e
for t he Sept ember 1952 president ial elect ions and was keen t o have t he presence of Neruda, by
now Chile's most prominent left -wing lit erary figure, t o support t he campaign.[54] Neruda ret urned
t o Chile in August of t hat year and rejoined Delia del Carril, who had t raveled ahead of him some
mont hs earlier, but t he marriage was crumbling. Del Carril event ually learned of his affair wit h
Mat ilde Urrut ia and he sent her back t o Chile in 1955. She convinced t he Chilean officials t o lift
his arrest , allowing Urrut ia and Neruda t o go t o Capri, It aly. Now unit ed wit h Urrut ia, Neruda would,
aside from many foreign t rips and a st int as Allende's ambassador t o France from 1970 t o 1973,
spend t he rest of his life in Chile.

By t his t ime, Neruda enjoyed worldwide fame as a poet , and his books were being t ranslat ed int o
virt ually all t he major languages of t he world.[37] He vigorously denounced t he Unit ed St at es
during t he Cuban Missile Crisis and lat er in t he decade he likewise repeat edly condemned t he U.S.
for it s involvement in t he Viet nam War. But being one of t he most prest igious and out spoken
left -wing int ellect uals alive, he also at t ract ed opposit ion from ideological opponent s. The
Congress for Cult ural Freedom, an ant i-communist organizat ion covert ly est ablished and funded
by t he U.S. Cent ral Int elligence Agency, adopt ed Neruda as one of it s primary t arget s and
launched a campaign t o undermine his reput at ion, reviving t he old claim t hat he had been an
accomplice in t he at t ack on Leon Trot sky in Mexico Cit y in 1940.[56] The campaign became more
int ense when it became known t hat Neruda was a candidat e for t he 1964 Nobel Prize, which was
event ually awarded t o Jean-Paul Sart re [57] (who reject ed it ).
La Sebastiana, Neruda's house in Valparaíso

In 1966, Neruda was invit ed t o at t end an Int ernat ional PEN conference in New York Cit y.[58]
Officially, he was barred from ent ering t he U.S. because he was a communist , but t he conference
organizer, playwright Art hur Miller, event ually prevailed upon t he Johnson Administ rat ion t o grant
Neruda a visa.[58] Neruda gave readings t o packed halls, and even recorded some poems for t he
Library of Congress.[58] Miller lat er opined t hat Neruda's adherence t o his communist ideals of
t he 1930s was a result of his prot ract ed exclusion from "bourgeois societ y". Due t o t he
presence of many East ern Bloc writ ers, Mexican writ er Carlos Fuent es lat er wrot e t hat t he PEN
conference marked a "beginning of t he end" of t he Cold War.[58]

Upon Neruda's ret urn t o Chile, he st opped in Peru, where he gave readings t o ent husiast ic crowds
in Lima and Arequipa and was received by President Fernando Belaúnde Terry.[58] However, t his
visit also prompt ed an unpleasant backlash; because t he Peruvian government had come out
against t he government of Fidel Cast ro in Cuba, July 1966 saw more t han 100 Cuban int ellect uals
ret aliat e against t he poet by signing a let t er t hat charged Neruda wit h colluding wit h t he enemy,
calling him an example of t he "t epid, pro-Yankee revisionism" t hen prevalent in Lat in America. The
affair was part icularly painful for Neruda because of his previous out spoken support for t he
Cuban revolut ion, and he never visit ed t he island again, even aft er receiving an invit at ion in 1968.

Aft er t he deat h of Che Guevara in Bolivia in 1967, Neruda wrot e several art icles regret t ing t he
loss of a "great hero".[59] At t he same t ime, he t old his friend Aida Figueroa not t o cry for Che, but
for Luis Emilio Recabarren, t he fat her of t he Chilean communist movement who preached a
pacifist revolut ion over Che's violent ways.

Last years and death

La Chascona, Neruda's house in Santiago

In 1970, Neruda was nominat ed as a candidat e for t he Chilean presidency, but ended up giving his
support t o Salvador Allende, who lat er won t he elect ion and was inaugurat ed in 1970 as Chile's
first democrat ically elect ed socialist head of st at e.[54][60] Short ly t hereaft er, Allende appoint ed
Neruda t he Chilean ambassador t o France, last ing from 1970 t o 1972; his final diplomat ic post ing.
During his st int in Paris, Neruda helped t o renegot iat e t he ext ernal debt of Chile, billions owed t o
European and American banks, but wit hin mont hs of his arrival in Paris his healt h began t o
det eriorat e.[54] Neruda ret urned t o Chile t wo-and-a-half years lat er due t o his failing healt h.

Buenos Aires 1971

In 1971, Neruda was awarded t he Nobel Prize,[54] a decision t hat did not come easily because
some of t he commit t ee members had not forgot t en Neruda's past praise of St alinist
dict at orship. But his Swedish t ranslat or, Art ur Lundkvist , did his best t o ensure t he Chilean
received t he prize.[61] "A poet ," Neruda st at ed in his St ockholm speech of accept ance of t he
Nobel Prize, "is at t he same t ime a force for solidarit y and for solit ude."[62] The following year
Neruda was awarded t he prest igious Golden Wreat h Award at t he St ruga Poet ry Evenings.[63]

As t he coup d'ét at of 1973 unfolded, Neruda was diagnosed wit h prost at e cancer. The milit ary
coup led by General August o Pinochet saw Neruda's hopes for Chile dest royed. Short ly
t hereaft er, during a search of t he house and grounds at Isla Negra by Chilean armed forces at
which Neruda was report edly present , t he poet famously remarked: "Look around – t here's only
one t hing of danger for you here – poet ry."[64]

Neruda laid out in his coffin, 1973

It was originally report ed t hat , on t he evening of 23 Sept ember 1973, at Sant iago's Sant a María
Clinic, Neruda had died of heart failure;[65][66][67]

However, “(t )hat day, he was alone in t he hospit al where he had already spent five days. His healt h
was declining and he called his wife, Mat ilde Urrut ia, so she could come immediat ely because
t hey were giving him somet hing and he wasn’t feeling good."[4] On 12 May 2011, t he Mexican
magazine Proceso published an int erview wit h his former driver Manuel Araya Osorio in which he
st at es t hat he was present when Neruda called his wife and warned t hat he believed Pinochet
had ordered a doct or t o kill him, and t hat he had just been given an inject ion in his st omach.[3] He
would die six-and-a-half hours lat er. Even report s from t he pro-Pinochet El Mercurio newspaper
t he day aft er Neruda's deat h refer t o an inject ion given immediat ely before Neruda's deat h.
According t o an official Chilean Int erior Minist ry report prepared in March 2015 for t he court
invest igat ion int o Neruda's deat h, "he was eit her given an inject ion or somet hing orally" at t he
Sant a María Clinic "which caused his deat h six-and-a-half hours lat er. The 1971 Nobel laureat e
was scheduled t o fly t o Mexico where he may have been planning t o lead a government in exile
t hat would denounce General August o Pinochet , who led t he coup against Allende on Sept ember
11, according t o his friends, researchers, and ot her polit ical observers".[4] The funeral t ook place
amidst a massive police presence, and mourners t ook advant age of t he occasion t o prot est
against t he new regime, est ablished just a couple of weeks before. Neruda's house was broken
int o and his papers and books t aken or dest royed.[54]

In 1974, his Memoirs appeared under t he t it le I Confess I Have Lived, updat ed t o t he last days of
t he poet 's life, and including a final segment describing t he deat h of Salvador Allende during t he
st orming of t he Moneda Palace by General Pinochet and ot her generals – occurring only 12 days
before Neruda died.[54] Mat ilde Urrut ia subsequent ly compiled and edit ed for publicat ion t he
memoirs and possibly his final poem "Right Comrade, It 's t he Hour of t he Garden". These and
ot her act ivit ies brought her int o conflict wit h Pinochet 's government , which cont inually sought t o
curt ail Neruda's influence on t he Chilean collect ive consciousness. Urrut ia's own memoir, My Life
with Pablo Neruda, was published post humously in 1986.[68] Manuel Araya, his Communist Part y-
appoint ed chauffeur, published a book about Neruda's final days in 2012.[69]

Controversy

Rumored murder and exhumation

In June 2013, a Chilean judge ordered t hat an invest igat ion be launched, following suggest ions
t hat Neruda had been killed by t he Pinochet regime for his pro-Allende st ance and polit ical
views. Neruda's driver, Manuel Araya, st at ed t hat doct ors had administ ered poison as t he poet
was preparing t o go int o exile.[70][71] In December 2011, Chile's Communist Part y asked Chilean
Judge Mario Carroza t o order t he exhumat ion of t he remains of t he poet . Carroza had been
conduct ing probes int o hundreds of deat hs allegedly connect ed t o abuses of Pinochet 's regime
from 1973 t o 1990.[69][72] Carroza's inquiry during 2011–12 uncovered enough evidence t o order
t he exhumat ion in April 2013.[73] Eduardo Cont reras, a Chilean lawyer who was leading t he push for
a full invest igat ion, comment ed: "We have world-class labs from India, Swit zerland, Germany, t he
US, Sweden, t hey have all offered t o do t he lab work for free." The Pablo Neruda Foundat ion
fought t he exhumat ion under t he grounds t hat t he Araya's claims were unbelievable.[71]

In June 2013, a court order was issued t o find t he man who allegedly poisoned Neruda. Police
were invest igat ing Michael Townley, who was facing t rial for t he killings of General Carlos Prat s
(Buenos Aires, 1974), and ex-Chancellor Orlando Let elier (Washingt on, 1976).[74][75] The Chilean
government suggest ed t hat t he 2015 t est showed it was “highly probable t hat a t hird part y” was
responsible for his deat h.[76]

Test result s were released on 8 November 2013 of t he seven-mont h invest igat ion by a 15-
member forensic t eam. Pat ricio Bust os, t he head of Chile's medical legal service, st at ed "No
relevant chemical subst ances have been found t hat could be linked t o Mr. Neruda's deat h" at t he
t ime.[77] However, Carroza said t hat he was wait ing for t he result s of t he last scient ific t est s
conduct ed in May (2015), which found t hat Neruda was infect ed wit h t he Staphylococcus aureus
bact erium, which can be highly t oxic and result in deat h if modified.[4]

A t eam of 16 int ernat ional expert s led by Spanish forensic specialist Aurelio Luna from t he
Universit y of Murcia announced on 20 Oct ober 2017 t hat "from analysis of t he dat a we cannot
accept t hat t he poet had been in an imminent sit uat ion of deat h at t he moment of ent ering t he
hospit al" and t hat deat h from prost at e cancer was not likely at t he moment when he died. The
t eam also discovered somet hing in Neruda's remains t hat could possibly be a laborat ory-
cult ivat ed bact eria. The result s of t heir cont inuing analysis were expect ed in 2018.[78] His cause
of deat h was in fact list ed as a heart at t ack.[79] Scient ist s who exhumed Neruda's body in 2013
also backed claims t hat he was also suffering from prost at e cancer when he died.[5]

Feminist protests

In November 2018, t he Cult ural Commit t ee of Chile's lower house vot ed in favour of renaming
Sant iago's main airport aft er Neruda. The decision sparked prot est s from feminist groups, who
highlight ed a passage in Neruda's memoirs describing a sexual assault of a member of his st aff in
1925. Several feminist groups, bolst ered by a growing #MeToo and ant i-femicide movement
st at ed t hat Neruda should not be honoured by his count ry, describing t he passage as evidence of
rape. Neruda remains a cont roversial figure for Chileans, and especially for Chilean feminist s.[80]

Legacy
Neruda owned t hree houses in Chile; t oday t hey are all open t o t he public as museums: La
Chascona in Sant iago, La Sebast iana in Valparaíso, and Casa de Isla Negra in Isla Negra, where he
and Mat ilde Urrut ia are buried.

A bust of Neruda st ands on t he grounds of t he Organizat ion of American St at es building in

Washingt on, D.C.[81]

In popular culture

Music
American composer Tobias Picker set t o music Tres Sonetos de Amor for barit one and
orchest ra

American composer Tobias Picker set t o music Cuatro Sonetos de Amor for voice and piano

Greek composer Mikis Theodorakis set t o music t he Canto general.

Greek composer and singer Nikos Xilouris composed Οι Νεκρoί της Πλατείας (The dead of the
Square) based on Los muertos de la plaza.

American composer Samuel Barber used Neruda's poems for his cant at a The Lovers in 1971.

Alt ernat ive rock musician Lynda Thomas released as a single t he flamenco song "Ay, Ay, Ay"
(2001), which is based on t he book Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair.

Aust rian avant -garde composer Michael Gielen set t o music Un día sobresale (Ein Tag Trit t
Hervor. Pent aphonie für obligat es Klavier, fünf Soloinst rument e und fünf Gruppen zu je fünf
Musikern mit Wort en von Pablo Neruda. 1960–63).

Nat ive American composer Ron Warren set t o music Quatro Sonetos de Amor for colorat ura
soprano, flut e, and piano (1999), 1 from each group of sonnet s in Cien Sonetos de Amor.
Recorded on Circle All Around Me Blue Heron Music BHM101.

Puert o Rican composer Awilda Villarini used Neruda's t ext for her composit ion "Two Love
Songs."[82]

Mexican composer Daniel Cat án wrot e an opera Il Postino (2010), whose premiere product ion
feat ured Spanish t enor Plácido Domingo port raying Pablo Neruda.

The Dut ch composer Pet er Schat used t welve poems from t he Cant o General for his cant at a
Canto General for mezzo-soprano, violin, and piano (1974), which he dedicat ed t o t he memory
of t he lat e president Salvador Allende.
The Dut ch composer Annet t e Kruisbrink set t o music La Canción Desesperada (2000), t he last
poem of Veinte poemas de amor y una canción desesperada. Inst rument at ion: guit ar and mixed
choir (+ 4 soloist s S/A/T/B).

Folk rock / progressive rock group Los Jaivas, famous in Chile, used Las alturas de Macchu
Picchu as t he t ext for t heir album of t he same name.

Chilean composer Sergio Ort ega worked closely wit h t he poet in t he musical play Fulgor y
muerte de Joaquín Murieta (1967). Three decades lat er, Ort ega expanded t he piece int o an
opera, leaving Neruda's t ext int act .

Argent ine composer Julia St ilman-Lasansky (1935-2007) based her Cant at a No. 3 on t ext by
Neruda.[83]

Pet er Lieberson composed Neruda Songs (2005) and Songs of Love and Sorrow (2010) based
on Cien Sonetos de Amor.[84]

Jazz vocalist Luciana Souza released an album called "Neruda" (2004) feat uring 10 of Neruda's
poems set t o t he music of Federico Mompou.

The Sout h African musician Johnny Clegg drew heavily on Neruda in his early work wit h t he
band Juluka.

On t he back of Jackson Browne's album The Pretender, t here is a poem by Neruda.

Canadian rock group Red Rider named t heir 1983 LP/CD release Neruda.

Chilean composer Leon Schidlowsky has composed a good number of pieces using poems by
Neruda. Among t hem, Carrera, Caupolicán, and Lautaro.

Pop band Sixpence None t he Richer set his poem "Puedo escribir" t o music on t heir plat inum-
selling self-t it led album (1997).

The group Brazilian Girls t urned "Poema 15" ("Poem 15") from Veinte poemas de amor y una
canción desesperada (20 love poems and a song of despair) int o t heir song "Me gust a cuando
callas" from t heir self-t it led album.

Wit h permission from t he Fundación Neruda, Marco Kat z composed a song cycle based on t he
volume Piedras del cielo for voice and piano.[85] Cent aur Records CRC 3232, 2012.

The Occit an singer Joanda composed t he song Pablo Neruda[86]

American cont emporary composer Mort en Lauridsen set Neruda's poem "Sonet o de la noche"
t o music as part of his cycle "Noct urnes" from 2005.
 The opening lines for t he song "Bachat a Rosa" by Juan Luis Guerra was inspired by Neruda's The
Book of Questions.[87]

Ezequiel Vinao composed "Sonet os de amor" (2011) a song cycle based on Neruda's love
poems.

Ut e Lemper co-composed t he songs of "Forever" (2013) an album of t he Love poems of

Pablo Neruda

American composer Daniel Welcher composed Abeja Blanca, for Mezzo-Soprano, English Horn,
and Piano using t he Abeja Blanca t ext from Neruda's Twenty Love Songs and a Song of Despair

Canadian rock band The Tragically Hip, on t heir album Now for Plan A (Universal, 2012), t he
sixt h t rack of t he album is a song t it led "Now For Plan A" which includes a reading by guest
vocalist Sarah Harmer of t he first t wo st anzas of t he Pablo Neruda poem, "Ode To Age" ("Odă
Băt râneţ ii") (ht t p://www.romanianst udies.org/cont ent /2016/03/poet ry-in-t ranslat ion-cccxxxvii
-pablo-neruda-1904-1973-chile-ode-t o-age-oda-bat ranet ii/) .

Literature
Neruda's 1952 st ay in a villa on t he island of Capri was fict ionalized in Chilean aut hor Ant onio
Skarmet a's 1985 novel Ardiente Paciencia (published as Burning Patience, lat er known as El
cartero de Neruda, or Neruda's Postman).[88]

In 2008, t he writ er Robert o Ampuero published a novel El caso Neruda, about his privat e eye
Cayet ano Brulé where Pablo Neruda is one of t he prot agonist s.

The Dreamer (2010) is a children's fict ional biography of Neruda, "a shy Chilean boy whose spirit
develops and t hrives despit e his fat her's relent less negat ivit y". Writ t en by Pam Muñoz Ryan
and illust rat ed by Pet er Sís, t he t ext and illust rat ions are print ed in Neruda's signat ure green
ink.[89]

The charact er of The Poet in Isabel Allende's debut novel The House of the Spirits is likely an
allusion t o Neruda.

In t he 2007 novel The Reluctant Fundamentalist by Pakist ani aut hor Mohsin Hamid, a key t ime
in t he polit ical radicalizat ion of t he prot agonist – a young Pakist ani int ellect ual – is his short
st ay in Chile, in t he course of which he visit s t he preserved home of Pablo Neruda.

The newest novel of Isabel Allende, "a long pet al of t he sea", has numerous import ant key
figures in Chilean hist ory in it s narrat ive. She writ es about t he life of Pablo Neruda and his
involvement in t he t ransport at ion of numerous fugit ives from t he Franco regime t o Chile.
Film
 The It alian film Il Postino, inspired by Ant onio Skármet a's 1985 novel Ardiente paciencia (Ardent
Patience, lat er known as El cartero de Neruda or Neruda's Postman), cent ers on t he st ory of a
local post man, a humble soul, living in Salina Island near Sicily during t he 1950s, who is puzzled
by t he amount of mail received by a foreign gent leman who has recent ly moved in. Pablo
Neruda (played by Philippe Noiret ), who spent some t ime in exile t here, befriends and inspires
in him a love of poet ry.

Neruda is a 120-minut e document ary about his life and poet ry including int erviews wit h his
friends like Volodia Teit elboim, Jose Balmes, Jorge Edwards, Andrej Wosnessenski, and Mikis
Theodorakis. This film was direct ed by t he German filmmaker Ebbo Demant and broadcast in
2004 on t he European cult ure TV channel ARTE and t he German public-service broadcast er
ARD.

Neruda, a 2016 Chilean film

The English film Truly, Madly, Deeply, writ t en and direct ed by Ant hony Minghella, uses Neruda's
poem "The Dead Woman" as a pivot al device in t he plot when Nina (Juliet St evenson)
underst ands she must let go of her dead lover Jamie (Alan Rickman).

The 1998 film Pat ch Adams feat ures Love Sonnet XVII.

In t he 2020 film Chemical Heart s, Grace Town (Lili Reinhart and Henry Page (Aust in Abrams)
are shown reading t he poems from t he Love Sonnet XVII and underst anding t he dept hs of it
while Henry falls for Grace.

In t he film Barbershop (2002), t he charact er Dinka (Leonard Earl Howze) gives flowers t o t he
charact er Terri (Eve) wit h a poem by Pablo Neruda.

The Sri Lankan film Alborada, ot herwise known as Dawning of the Day, shows Neruda's st ay in
Ceylon as Chilean Consul in Ceylon.[90]
Television
In t he U.S. sit com How I Met Your Mother, bot h Ted Mosby and t he Mot her's favourit e poem is
revealed t o be Pablo Neruda's "Mañana XXVII".

In The Simpsons episode "Bart Sells His Soul", Lisa ment ions and quot es Pablo Neruda
("Laught er is t he language of t he soul") and Bart snidely replies t hat he is familiar wit h his
work.[91]

In t he Arthur episode "Mr. Rat burn and t he Special Someone", Mr. Rat burn is seen reading a
fict ional collect ion of Neruda's works ent it led Love Poems in t he t eacher's lounge.
Science
 For most of his life, Neruda was fascinat ed by but t erflies. In 1976, a sub-group of t he Sout h
American genus Heliconius was named aft er him; (see Neruda (genus)) t hough not current ly in
use in t he primary scient ific lit erat ure.[92][93]

A crat er on Mercury is also named Neruda, in his honor.[94]

List of works

Original
Crepusculario. Sant iago, Ediciones Claridad, 1923.

Veinte poemas de amor y una canción desesperada. Sant iago, Edit orial Nasciment o, 1924.

Tentativa del hombre infinito. Sant iago, Edit orial Nasciment o, 1926.

Anillos. Sant iago, Edit orial Nasciment o, 1926. (Prosa poét ica de Pablo Neruda y Tomás Lago.)

El hondero entusiasta. Sant iago, Empresa Let ras, 1933.

El habitante y su esperanza. Novela. Sant iago, Edit orial Nasciment o, 1926.

Residencia en la tierra (1925–1931). Madrid, Ediciones del Árbol, 1935.

España en el corazón. Himno a las glorias del pueblo en la guerra: (1936–1937). Sant iago,
Ediciones Ercilla, 1937.

Nuevo canto de amor a Stalingrado. México, 1943.

Tercera residencia (1935–1945). Buenos Aires, Losada, 1947.

Alturas de Macchu Picchu. Ediciones de Libreria Neira, Sant iago de Chile, 1948.

Canto general. México, Talleres Gráficos de la Nación, 1950.

Los versos del capitán. 1952.

Todo el amor. Sant iago, Edit orial Nasciment o, 1953.

Las uvas y el viento. Sant iago, Edit orial Nasciment o, 1954.

Odas elementales. Buenos Aires, Edit orial Losada, 1954.

Nuevas odas elementales. Buenos Aires, Edit orial Losada, 1955.[95]

Tercer libro de las odas. Buenos Aires, Losada, 1957.

Estravagario. Buenos Aires, Edit orial Losada, 1958.

 Navegaciones y regresos. Buenos Aires, Edit orial Losada, 1959.

Cien sonetos de amor. Sant iago, Edit orial Universit aria, 1959.

Canción de gesta. La Habana, Imprent a Nacional de Cuba, 1960.

Poesías: Las piedras de Chile. Buenos Aires, Edit orial Losada, 1960. Las Piedras de Pablo
Neruda

Cantos ceremoniales. Buenos Aires, Losada, 1961.

Memorial de Isla Negra. Buenos Aires, Losada, 1964. 5 volúmenes.

Arte de pájaros. Sant iago, Ediciones Sociedad de Amigos del Art e Cont emporáneo, 1966.

Fulgor y muerte de Joaquín Murieta. Sant iago, Zig-Zag, 1967. La obra fue escrit a con la
int ención de servir de libret o para una ópera de Sergio Ort ega.

La Barcarola. Buenos Aires, Losada, 1967.

Las manos del día. Buenos Aires, Losada, 1968.

Comiendo en Hungría. Edit orial Lumen, Barcelona, 1969. (En co-aut oría con Miguel Ángel
Ast urias)

Fin del mundo. Sant iago, Edición de la Sociedad de Art e Cont emporáneo, 1969. Con
Ilust raciones de Mario Carreño, Nemesio Ant únez, Pedro Millar, María Mart ner, Julio Escámez y
Oswaldo Guayasamín.

Aún. Edit orial Nasciment o, Sant iago, 1969.

Maremoto. Sant iago, Sociedad de Art e Cont emporáneo, 1970. Con Xilografías a color de Carin
Oldfelt Hjert onsson.

La espada encendida. Buenos Aires, Losada, 1970.

Las piedras del cielo. Edit orial Losada, Buenos Aires, 1970.

Discurso de Estocolmo. Alpignano, It alia, A. Tallone, 1972.

Geografía infructuosa. Buenos Aires, Edit orial Losada, 1972.

La rosa separada. Édit ions du Dragon, París, 1972 con grabados de Enrique Zañart u.

Incitación al Nixonicidio y alabanza de la revolución chilena. Sant iago, Empresa Edit ora Nacional
Quimant ú, Sant iago, 1973.

Translations
Neruda has been ext ensively t ranslat ed int o Slavic languages, most numerously int o Russian.

Afrikaans translations
Vandag is boordensvol (Naledi, 2020) (t ranslat ed by De Waal Vent er)
English translations
The Heights of Macchu Picchu (bilingual edit ion) (Jonat han Cape Lt d London; Farrar, St raus,
Giroux New York 1966, t ranslat ed by Nat haniel Tarn, preface by Robert Pring-Mill)(broadcast
by t he BBC Third Programme 1966)

Selected Poems: A Bilingual Edition, t ranslat ed by Nat haniel Tarn. (Jonat han Cape Lt d London
1970)

The Captain's Verses (bilingual edit ion) (New Direct ions, 1972) (t ranslat ed by Donald D. Walsh)

New Poems (1968-1970) (bilingual edit ion) (Grove Press, 1972) (t ranslat ed by Ben Belit t )

Residence on Earth (bilingual edit ion) (New Direct ions, 1973) (t ranslat ed by Donald D. Walsh)

Extravagaria (bilingual edit ion) (Farrar, St raus and Giroux, 1974) (t ranslat ed by Alast air Reid)

Selected Poems.(t ranslat ed by Nat haniel Tarn: Penguin Books, London 1975)

Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair (bilingual edit ion) (Jonat han Cape Lt d London;
Penguin Books, 1976 t ranslat ed by William O'Daly)

Still Another Day (Copper Canyon Press, 1984, 2005) (t ranslat ed by William O'Daly)

The Separate Rose (Copper Canyon Press, 1985) (t ranslat ed by William O'Daly)

100 Love Sonnets (bilingual edit ion) (Universit y of Texas Press, 1986) (t ranslat ed by St ephen
Tapscot t )

Winter Garden (Copper Canyon Press, 1987, 2002) (t ranslat ed by James Nolan)

The Sea and the Bells (Copper Canyon Press, 1988, 2002) (t ranslat ed by William O'Daly)

The Yellow Heart (Copper Canyon Press, 1990, 2002) (t ranslat ed by William O'Daly)

Stones of the Sky (Copper Canyon Press, 1990, 2002) (t ranslat ed by William O'Daly)

Selected Odes of Pablo Neruda (Universit y of California Press, 1990) (t ranslat ed by Margaret
Sayers Peden)

Canto General (Universit y of California Press, 1991) (t ranslat ed by Jack Schmit t )

The Book of Questions (Copper Canyon Press, 1991, 2001) (t ranslat ed by William O'Daly)
 The Poetry of Pablo Neruda, an ant hology of 600 of Neruda's poems, some wit h Spanish
originals, drawing on t he work of 36 t ranslat ors. (Farrar, St raus & Giroux Inc, New York, 2003,
2005).[96]

100 Love Sonnets (bilingual edit ion) (Exile Edit ions, 2004, new edit ion 2016) (t ranslat ed and
wit h an aft erword by Gust avo Escobedo; Int roduct ion by Rosemary Sullivan; Reflect ions on
reading Neruda by George Elliot t Clarke, Beat riz Hausner and A. F. Morit z)

On the Blue Shore of Silence: Poems of the Sea (Rayo Harper Collins, 2004) (t ranslat ed by
Alast air Reid, epilogue Ant onio Skármet a)

The Essential Neruda: Selected Poems (Cit y Light s, 2004) (t ranslat ed by Robert Hass, Jack
Hirschman, Mark Eisner, Forrest Gander, St ephen Mit chell, St ephen Kessler, and John Felst iner.
Preface by Lawrence Ferlinghet t i)

Int imacies: Poems of Love (Harper Collins, 2008) (t ranslat ed by Alast air Reid)

The Hands of the Day (Copper Canyon Press, 2008) (t ranslat ed by William O'Daly)

All The Odes (Farrar, St raus, Giroux, 2013) (various t ranslat ors, prominent ly Margaret Sayers
Peden)

Then Come Back: The Lost Neruda (Copper Canyon Press, 2016) (t ranslat ed by Forrest
Gander)[97]

Venture of the Infinite Man (Cit y Light s, 2017) (t ranslat ed by Jessica Powell; int roduct ion by
Mark Eisner (ht t ps://www.markeisner.net ) )

Book of Twilight (Copper Canyon Press, 2018) (t ranslat ed by William O'Daly)

Serbian-language translations

Los versos del Capitan / Капетанове риме (bilingual Spanish/Serbian edit ion; t ranslat ed by
Radoslav Dimit ric) (Helios Publishing Company, Berkeley, Belgrade, 1998) [1] (ht t ps://books.goo
gle.com/books/about /Kapet anove_ rime.ht ml?id=2uKOPQAACAAJ)

Portals: Chile Poetry Biography Politics

References

1. "Neruda" (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/neruda) . Random House Webster's Unabridged

Dictionary.
 2. Wyman, Eva Goldschmidt; Zurita, Magdalena Fuentes (2002). The Poets and the General: Chile's Voices
of Dissent under Augusto Pinochet 1973–1989 (1st ed.). Santiago de Chile: LOM Ediciones. p. 18.
ISBN 978-956-282-491-0. In Spanish and English.

3. "Neruda fue asesinado" (http://www.proceso.com.mx/?p=269909) . Proceso (in European Spanish).

Retrieved 6 November 2015.

4. País, Ediciones El (6 November 2015). "Chile believes it "highly likely" that poet Neruda was murdered in
1973" (http://elpais.com/elpais/2015/11/05/inenglish/1446738467_173724.html) . Retrieved
6 November 2015.

5. By Catherine E. Shoichet (13 November 2013). "Tests find no proof Pablo Neruda was poisoned; some
still skeptical" (https://www.cnn.com/2013/11/13/world/americas/chile-pablo-neruda-investigation/inde
x.html) . CNN. Retrieved 10 September 2020.

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42. Paz, Octavio (1991) On Poets and Others. Arcade. ISBN 978-1-55970-139-6 p. 127

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62. Pablo Neruda (1994). Late and posthumous poems, 1968–1974. Grove Press.

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poets/english-pablo-neruda/?lang=en) . Струшки вечери на поезијата. Archived from the original (ht
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65. "Pablo Neruda, Nobel Poet, Dies in a Chilean Hospital", The New York Times, 24 September 1973.

66. Neruda and Vallejo: Selected Poems, Robert Bly, ed.; Beacon Press, Boston, 1993, p. xii.

67. Earth-Shattering Poems, Liz Rosenberg, ed.; Henry Holt, New York, 1998, p. 105.

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69. Newman, Lucia (21 May 2012). "Was Pablo Neruda murdered?" (http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/feat
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4042) . BBC News. 2 June 2011.

71. Franklin, Jonathan (7 April 2013). "Pablo Neruda's grave to be exhumed over Pinochet regime murder
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t-exhume-chile-investigate.html) . CBC News. 6 December 2011.

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27787) . BBC. 8 April 2013. Retrieved 8 April 2013.

74. "Revelan que un ex agente de la CIA envenenó a Neruda" (http://www.infonews.com/2013/06/03/mund

o-79206-revelan-que-un-ex-agente-de-la-cia-enveneno-a-neruda.php) . INFOnews. Retrieved 15 April
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75. Washington Post (https://web.archive.org/web/20130604013019/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wor

ld/the_americas/chilean-judge-issues-order-to-investigate-poet-nerudas-alleged-killer/2013/06/01/bd8bf
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76. "Pablo Neruda: experts say official cause of death 'does not reflect reality' " (https://www.theguardian.co
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Guardian. 23 October 2017. Retrieved 10 September 2020.
77. "Forensic tests show no poison in remains of Chilean poet Pablo Neruda" 8 November 2013 (https://we
b.archive.org/web/20131109224723/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/forensic-tes
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78. "Researchers raise doubts over cause of Chilean poet Neruda's death" (https://www.reuters.com/article/
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862-3-7. "Su Bachata rosa está inspirada en el Libro de las preguntas del extraordinario poeta chileno
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okas-poetic-film-on-pablo-neruda-goes-to-tokyo-457315.html) .
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blo-neruda) . Poetry Foundation. Retrieved 10 September 2020.

97. Alter, Alexandra. "Rediscovered Pablo Neruda Poems to Be Published" (http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.co

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Other sources
Feinst ein, Adam (2004). Pablo Neruda: A Passion for Life, Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1-58234-410-
2

Neruda, Pablo (1977). Memoirs (t ranslat ion of Confieso que he vivido: Memorias), t ranslat ed by
Hardie St . Mart in, Farrar, St raus, and Giroux, 1977. (1991 edit ion: ISBN 978-0-374-20660-4)

Shull, Jodie (January 2009). Pablo Neruda: Passion, Poetry, Politics (ht t ps://web.archive.org/we
b/20110710193837/ht t p://www.enslow.com/displayit em.asp?t ype=1&it em=2578) . Enslow.
ISBN 978-0-7660-2966-8. Archived from t he original (ht t p://www.enslow.com/displayit em.asp?
t ype=1&it em=2578) on 10 July 2011. Ret rieved 23 February 2009.

Tarn, Nat haniel, Ed (1975). Pablo Neruda: Selected Poems. Penguin.

Burgin, Richard (1968). Conversations with Jorge Luis Borges, Holt , Rinehart , & Winst on

Consuelo Hernández (2009). "El Ant iorient alismo en Pablo Neruda;" Voces y perspectivas en la
poesia latinoamericanana del siglo XX. Madrid: Visor 2009.

Further reading
Pablo Neruda: The Poet's Calling [The Biography of a Poet], (ht t ps://www.harpercollins.com/978
0062694218/neruda/) by Mark Eisner (ht t ps://www.markeisner.net ) . New York, Ecco/Harper
Collins 2018

Translating Neruda: The Way to Macchu Picchu John Felst iner 1980

The poetry of Pablo Neruda. Cost a, René de., 1979

Pablo Neruda: Memoirs (Confieso que he vivido: Memorias) / t r. St . Mart in, Hardie, 1977

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media relat ed t o Pablo Neruda.

Wikiquot e has quot at ions relat ed t o: Pablo Neruda

Profile at t he Poet ry Foundat ion (ht t p://www.poet ryfoundat ion.org/bio/pablo-neruda)

Profile at Poet s.org wit h poems and art icles (ht t p://www.poet s.org/poet .php/prmPID/279)

Pablo Neruda (ht t ps://www.nobelprize.org/laureat e/645) on Nobelprize.org including t he

Nobel Lect ure, December 13, 1971 Towards the Splendid City

Rit a Guibert (Spring 1971). "Pablo Neruda, The Art of Poet ry No. 14" (ht t p://www.t heparisrevie
w.org/int erviews/4091/t he-art -of-poet ry-no-14-pablo-neruda) . The Paris Review. Spring
1971 (51).

NPR Morning Edit ion on Neruda's Cent ennial (ht t ps://www.npr.org/t emplat es/st ory/st ory.php?s
t oryId=3301011) 12 July 2004 (audio 4 mins)

"Pablo Neruda's 'Poems of t he Sea'" (ht t ps://www.npr.org/t emplat es/st ory/st ory.php?st oryId=
1813176) 5 April 2004 (Audio, 8 mins)

"The ecst asist : Pablo Neruda and his passions" (ht t ps://www.newyorker.com/archive/2003/09/
08/030908crbo_ books1) . The New Yorker. 8 Sept ember 2003

Document ary-in-progress on Neruda, funded by Lat ino Public Broadcast ing (ht t ps://pablonerud
afilm.com) sit e feat ures int erviews from Isabel Allende and ot hers, bilingual poems

Poems of Pablo Neruda (ht t p://mir-es.com/ne.php?g=neruda)

"What We Can Learn From Neruda's Poet ry of Resist ance" (ht t ps://www.t heparisreview.org/blo
g/2018/03/26/pablo-nerudas-poet ry-of-resist ance/) . The Paris Review. 16 March 2018 by
Mark Eisner
 Pablo Neruda recorded at t he Library of Congress for t he Hispanic Division’s audio lit erary
archive on June 20, 1966 (ht t ps://www.loc.gov/it em/93842532/)

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