Immaculate Conception - I College of Arts and Technology

MATHEMATICS FOR THE MODERN WORLD

LESSON 5 Week 6

Topic: Converse, Inverse, Contrapositive

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

 elaborate other forms of if-then statements;
 formulate either hypothesis or conclusion of a conditional statement;
 transform conditional statement into converse, inverse and contrapositive of statements;
and
 write statements in symbolic forms and vice versa; write a conditional statement in other
forms.

Given an if-then statement "if p , then q ." we can create three related statements:
A conditional statement consists of two parts, a hypothesis in the “if” clause and a conclusion in the
“then” clause. For instance, “If it rains, then they cancel school.”
"It rains" is the hypothesis.
"They cancel school" is the conclusion.

Other forms of if-then statement:

a. If p, then q.
b. p implies q.
c. p only if q.
d. Not p or q.
e. Every p is q.
f. q, if p.
g. q provided that p.
h. q is a necessary condition for p.
i. p is a sufficient condition for q.
j. All p is q.

To form the converse of the conditional statement, interchange the hypothesis and the conclusion.
The converse of "If it rains, then they cancel school" is "If they cancel school, then it rains."
To form the inverse of the conditional statement, take the negation of both the hypothesis and the
conclusion.
The inverse of “If it rains, then they cancel school” is “If it does not rain, then they do not cancel
school.”
To form the contrapositive of the conditional statement, interchange the hypothesis and the
conclusion of the inverse statement.
The contrapositive of "If it rains, then they cancel school" is "If they do not cancel school, then it
does not rain."

1
 Immaculate Conception - I College of Arts and Technology
MATHEMATICS FOR THE MODERN WORLD

Statement If p, then q . pq

Converse If q , then p . q p
Inverse If not p , then not q.  p   q
Contrapositive If not q , then not p.  q   p

If the statement is true, then the contrapositive is also logically true. If the converse is true, then the
inverse is also logically true.

Example 1:
If two angles are congruent, then they have the same
Statement
measure.
If two angles have the same measure, then they are
Converse
congruent.
If two angles are not congruent, then they do not have the
Inverse
same measure.
If two angles do not have the same measure, then they are
Contrapositive
not congruent.

In the above example, since the hypothesis and conclusion are equivalent, all four statements are
true. But this will not always be the case.

Example 2:
If a quadrilateral is a rectangle, then it has two pairs of parallel
Statement
sides.
If a quadrilateral has two pairs of parallel sides, then it is a
Converse
rectangle.(FALSE)
If a quadrilateral is not a rectangle, then it does not have two
Inverse
pairs of parallel sides. (FALSE)
If a quadrilateral does not have two pairs of parallel sides,
Contrapositive
then it is not a rectangle.