SOFTWARE METRICS

REVIEW 1
C2 SLOT
WINTER SEMESTER 2021-22

DRUG CONSUMPTION

VISHALI.V 19MIS0073
SRI GANESH.D 19MIS0122
HEMALATHA.M 19MIS0219

SUBMITTED TO:
Prof.Uma Maheswari.G
ABSTRACT:
We have taken the case study of DRUG CONSUMPTION. For that
we have downloaded the dataset from ‘kaggle.com’. we are going to
compare the four models which are:
 Logistic Regression
 Random Forest
 XGBoost
 KNN.
After that, we have chosen the best model with minimal error and
minimal error percentage for our case study.
We have taken the dataset which includes the multivariate dataset
characteristics and the attributes of the characteristics are real. The
number of instances for the drug consumption is around 1885 and the
number of attributes are 32.
As a role of Software Metrician, we are going to analyze and measure
the drug consumption data set.

INTRODUCTION:
Drug Consumption analysis is used to understand how much
alcoholics are in a group or a city. So, it is more generally a survey.

With the use of surveyed drug consumption data that included

demographics as well as personality inventory data, use classification
models such as Logistic Regression, Random Forest, XGBoost and K-
Nearest Neighbors to predict the use of hard drugs.
LITERATURE REVIEW:

S.N Title of the Name of the journal, Contributio Reason for

O article year, issue number, n in that choosing this
(authors page no work article for
involved) your
reference
1 Alcoholism: Dt.01-Mar-2019 With The effects of • To study the
Major Cause ISSN 2394-8426 & using limited impact of
Of Domestic International Impact datasets were alcoholism on
Violence, Factor 5.682 investigated. women,
Dr. Hansa The effects of family life,
Tomar background children etc. •
removal were To study the
investigated. issues related
to alcohol
abuse.
2 Scaling Up Published on 31.10.2017 We examined  To determine
Research on in Vol 19, No 10 (2017): ethical how social
Drug Abuse October consideration media big data
and Addiction s in the can be used to
Through Social research understand
Media Big processes of communicatio
Data, (1) social n and
media big behavioral
Sunny Jung data mining, patterns of
Kim (2) subgroup problematic
or follow-up use of
investigation, prescription
and (3) drugs.
dissemination
of social
media data-
driven
findings.
3 Dt.2017 Jan; 52(Suppl1): We have
Substance use A majority of
S189–S199. carried out a
and addiction the
systematic
publications in
research in web-based
international
India, review of the
journals relate
Indian
 Dr. Pratima Journal of
to tobacco,
Murthy Psychiatry
substance use
(IJP).
co-morbidity
and
miscellaneous
areas like
animal studies.

4 Understanding Health Education Patterns of This study

reasons for Research, Volume 16, cannabis, uses a
drug use Issue 4, August 2018, amphetamine functional
amongst young Pages 457–469 , ecstasy, perspective to
people: a LSD, cocaine examine the
functional hydrochloride reasons young
perspective, and alcohol people cite for
Annabel use were using
Boys, John examined psychoactive
Marsden, John amongst a substances.
Strang  sample of
young poly-
drug users.
Tobacco use
was not
addressed in
the present
research.
5 Global research Substance Abuse We used the This study
mapping of Treatment, Prevention, Web of offers a
substance use and Policy volume 14, Science comprehensiv
disorder and Article number: 21 (2019 (WoS) to e picture of the
treatment ) retrieve global trend of
1971–2017: research publications of
implications for publications substance use
priority setting, focusing on disorder.
substance Findings
Carl A. Latkin use, suggest a need
comorbidity, for research
treatment, policy that
and supports the
interventions. examination of
interventions
that culturally
adhere to
different local
contexts to
 address
substance use
disorder in
communities.

6 The Connection J Addict Behav Ther The research The results of

between Rehabil 7:1. doi: was the research
Behavioral 10.4172/2324- conducted on point to
Risk Factors 9005.1000173 2516 students existing
and Abuse of Published: March 09, of 8th grade connection
Legal (Alcohol, 2018 elementary between
Tobacco) and school and certain
Illegal 1st through behavioural
Psychoactive 4th grade of factors and
Substances high school lifestyle with
(THC) among in the Zagreb the occurrence
Zagreb area. The of addictive
Adolescents. data was substance
collected via abuse as well
Romac D standardized as the
and validated differences
questionnaire between the
of the Service consumption
which was of so called
used in legal and
researches in illegal
the years addictive
2001, 2005 substances.
and 2009.
7 Drug abuse-a Dt.01-Mar-2019 With Applying Drug abuse
main problem ISSN 2394-8426 & KNN models has
of indian International Impact on the system detrimental
society in Factor 5.682 effects on the
current society & has
scenario, lead to an
Dr.Sharayu increase in
Gahirwar crime rates a
addicts look
for a way to
pay for their
drugs. Drugs
remove
inhibition &
impair
judgment
egging are to
 common
offenses.
8 Dt. 2018Jan; 52(Suppl1): For this  In this paper
Substance use S189–S199. review, we we examine
and addiction have carried research in
research in out a India in
India, systematic substance use
web-based and related
 N. Manjunatha
review of the disorders.
Indian Substance use
Journal of includes the
Psychiatry use of licit
(IJP).  substances
such as
alcohol,
tobacco,
diversion of
prescription
drugs, as well
as illicit
substances.
9 Public Health Rev, 29 Systematic Demonstrated
January 2021 search of the that the burden
The Burden of
literature on of drug abuse
Drug Abuse in
PubMed to is still high
Nigeria: A
identify despite the
Scoping
information existing drug
Review of
on drug abuse laws, policies,
Epidemiologica
and drug laws and strategies
l Studies and
in Nigeria for prevention.
Drug Laws,
from the Measures to
inception of reduce the
Abubakar the database burden should
Ibrahim Jatau to March involve the
2020. community,
government,
and religious
bodies.
10 2016 Dec; 5(Suppl 2): S77– In this study, It is a narrative
A Review S82.
the databases review
Study of inside the focusing on
Substance country were studies
Abuse Status in used to conducted in
High School access Iran. In this
Students, articles research, all
Isfahan, Iran, related to articles related
 Mah Monir substance to substance
Nahvizadeh abuse by abuse and its
students patterns
during 2001– among high
2011, among school
which 7 students,
articles on which were
14–19 years conducted in
old high Iran and
school published in
students were domestic and
studied. international
journals, were
investigated.
11 Challenging October 6, 2020 via We have This study is
Dimension of probono-india carried out a focusing on
the Problem of systematic various
Drug Abuse in web-based aspects of
review of the drug abuse
India : A
Indian like forms of
Socio-Legal Journal of drug abuse,
Analysis, Psychiatry causes of drug
Rudrakshi M (IJP). abuse, and
Mendhe trying to
provide
suggestions to
curb the
problem.
12 Variations in Volume 122, Issue This paper This paper
non- 6, June 2018, Pages 614- analyses the focuses on a
prescription 620 determinants set of
drug of cross- therapeutic
consumption regional drug classes
and variations in that represent
expenditure: expenditure 70–80% of the
Determinants and non-
and policy consumption prescription
implications, for non- market
MonicaOtto prescription distributed
drugs using through
the Italian community, or
Health Care retail,
Service as a pharmacies in
case study.  Italy 
13 Drug addiction February 29, 2018 The data of The research
among this research is mainly
 undergraduate is collected based on the
students of from private students of
private universities private
universities in in Dhaka universities of
Bangladesh, city,They Bangladesh
Mahbuba used whose are
Naznin Sani purposive taking drugs
sampling or used to
method for taking drugs
selecting the from their
drug addicted teenage.
people
14 Prevalence, Year : 2018 | Month : A stratified, Present study
Pattern and Aug | Volume : 7 | Issue : multi-stage, was an attempt
Familial Effects 8 random which was
of Substance sample made to assess
Use Among the design was the problem of
Male College adopted in substance use
Students –A study. Two among college
North Indian strata were going male
Study, formed on the students, along
Sorab Gupta basis of type with its related
of college– factors.
professional
(medical,
engineering)
and non
professional
courses.
Within each
stratum, a
sample of
respondents
of an
optimum size
with a
proportional
allocation,
were
interviewed.
15 Percentages of First Published March The range of This paper
problem drug 30, 2020 methods for reviews the
measuring literature on
use and their PDU broadly problem drug
implications for fall under two use, aiming to
policy making: categories: answer the
 A review of the population question ‘what
literature, size percentages of
estimation drug users are
Anne Katrin and severity problem drug
Schlag of addiction users?’
estimates.

GQM:

1. Improve system delivery

QUERY METRICS
What is quality of fault density
deliverables?
What is efficiency of system? productivity rate
What is the delivery rate of the delivery rate
system?
What is the time taken for the Time complexity
delivery?

2. Improving maintenance
QUERY METRICS
 What standards of
maintenance we use?
How can we reduce the cost
for maintenance?
How fast we deliver
maintenance?
What are risks in
maintenance?
Who are involved in
maintenance?
standard maintenance
techniques
cost benefit analysis
delivery rate
risk analysis
experience and skills of people

3. Customer satisfaction
QUERY METRICS
How to ensure quality Performance metrics
assurance?
How to make sure the product delivery time
is on time?
How to increase the efficiency KLOC
of the product?
How to provide best quality of cost analysis and performance
product with minimum cost? metrics
How of reduce the bugs in defect analysis, error log
over all project?
No. of bugs in the project? error log

4. Increasing productivity
QUERY METRICS
Who are all involved in Experience of staff
productivity?
How could we reduce the KLOC
amount of code we produce?
Any problems being defect analysis
discovered in the production?
Which language are we using? experience and skill
experience and skill
5. Reduce the complexity
QUERY METRICS
How complex is our software? complexity metrics
How can we reduce the complexity metrics
complexity?
Is the complexity with in the component size, interface
each component with in complexity
bounds can facilitate
modification and extension?
How many modules we used? no. of modules
How can we decrease the time complexity metrics
complexity?

6. Reducing the cost

QUERY METRICS
How to decrease the cost for cost benefit analysis
the overall project?
How to reduce the time taken performance metrics
and man power for the over all
project?
How to reduce the resources? resource metrics
Which components need more Resource metrics
cost?
How to reduce bugs in project Risk analysis
to reduce cost?

7. Reducing the risks

QUERY METRICS
How to prioritize the risks? risk priority chart
How to identify the risks? defect analysis, error log
What are the impacts of the Defect percentage
risks?
How to track risks? error log
How much cost is increased cost analysis
 due to these risks?

8. Increasing the quality of the products

QUERY METRICS
Is the defects reduce over defect analysis
time?
What are all the chances to defect analysis
reduce the defects?
How effective the changes Testing
have been made?
Is the performance of the performance metrics
process improving?
What are all the quality factors product measures
that enhance the quality of
product?

9. Identifying the failure prone modules in advance

QUERY METRICS
Who is handling the module? experience of coder/skills of
the coder
Which factors influence falls development effort,
and failures? experience of staff, testing
done
What are the basic factors that KLOC, complexity metrics
can causes failures?
What all the risks combined risk analysis, KLOC
with the module?
What is the complexity of the Complexity metrics
module?

10. Effectiveness of coding standard

QUERY METRICS
Who is using the standard? portions of coders
What is the productivity of experience of coders with
code? respect to standard/language,
 effort, code size
What is the quality of code? code size, errors
What languages can we experience of coders with
choose based on the standard? respect to standard/language

GQM TREE:
1.

GOAL Improve system delivery

What is the time

QUERY What is quality What is efficiency What is the delivery taken for the
of deliverables? of system? rate of the system? delivery?

METRICS fault density productivity delivery Time

rate rate complexity

2.

GOAL Improving maintenance

What How can we How fast we What are Who are

QUERY
standards of reduce the deliver risks in involved in
maintenance cost for maintenance? maintenance maintenance
we use? maintenance? ? ?

experience
Risk
and skills of
analysis
people
 METRICS standard cost benefit delivery
maintenance analysis rate

3.

GOAL Customer satisfaction

How to
How to ensure How to make How of reduce No. of bugs
QUERY increase the
quality sure the product the bugs in over in the
efficiency of
assurance? is on time? all project? project?
the product?

METRICS Performance Delivery defect Error log

KLOC
metrics time analysis,
error log

4.

GOAL Increasing productivity

Who are all How could we Which

QUERY Any problems being
involved in reduce the language are
discovered in the
productivity? amount of code we using?
production?
we produce?
 METRICS Experience of Defect experience and
KLOC
staff analysis skill

5.

GOAL Reduce the complexity

Is the complexity How many

QUERY How complex is How do we with in the each modules
our software? reduce
How do we we used?
complexity?
decrease
the time
complexity?

METRICS Complexity component size,

No. of modules
metrics interface
complexity

6.

GOAL Reducing the cost

How to How to reduce How to How to reduce

QUERY Which
decrease the time taken reduce the bugs in project
components
the cost for and man power resources? to reduce cost?
need more
the overall for the over all cost?
project? project?

METRICS Cost benefit Performance Resource

Risk analysis
analysis metrics metrics
7.

GOAL Reducing the risks

How to How much cost

QUERY How to How to What are
track risk? is increased due
prioritize identify the the impacts
to these risks?
the risks? risks? of the risks?

METRICS Risk priority Defect Defect Cost

Error log
chart analysis, percentage analysis
error log

8.
Increasing the quality of
GOAL
the products

Is the defect What are all the How What are all
QUERY Is the
effective the the quality
reduce over chances to performance of
reduce the changes factors that
time? have been
the process
defects? improving? enhance the
made? quality of
product?

METRICS Defect Performance Product

Testing
metrics measures
analysis
9.

Identifying the failure prone

GOAL modules in advance

QUERY Who is Which factors What are the What all the What is the
handling the influence falls basic factors risks combined complexity
module? and failures? that can causes with the of the
failures? module? module?

METRICS experience of development KLOC. Complexity

Risk analysis,
coder/skills of effort, Complexity metrics
KLOC
the coder experience of metrics

10.

Effectiveness of coding
GOAL standard

What languages
QUERY Who is using What is the What is the
can we choose
the standard? productivity of quality of the
based on the
the code? code?
standard?

METRICS Portions of experience of coders Code size, experience of

code with respect to error coders with respect
standard/language, to
effort, code size standard/language
REFERENCES:

 https://www.samhsa.gov/data/data-we-collect/nsduh-national-survey-
drug-use-and-health
 https://www.justice.gov/archive/ndic/pubs44/44731/44731p.pdf
 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877042810015053/
pdf?md5=dfb09b4dac8f552cfc1834e0a4698ef4&pid=1-s2.0-
S1877042810015053-main.pdf
 probono-india.in
 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4311234/
 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/
S0168851018300277