9th English Full Guide Penguin Guide - Reduced Syllabus

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GUIDE & WORK BOOK
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Unit LESSON PAGE NO.
1 Learning the Game 2
2 I Can’t Climb Trees anymore 23
4 Seventeen Orange 41
7 A Birthday Letter 58

1 Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening 76
4 The Spider and The Fly 84
6 The Comet 96

2 The Fun They Had 105
6 Mother’s Voice 116
7 The Christmas Truce 125
Q. No. TOPIC MARKS PAGE NO.

1-3 Synonyms 3 135
4-6 Antonyms 3 135
7 Plural Form 1 136
8 Suffix Word 1 139
9 Abbreviation & Acronyms 1 143
10 Phrasal Verb 1 148
11 Compound Words 1 154
12 Prepositions 1 158
13 Tense 1 161
14 Linkers 1 165
15-18 Prose Two Mark 6 167
19-22 Appreciation Questions 6 167
23 Voice 2 167
24 Reported Speech 2 172
25 Punctuations 2 176
26 Simple, Compound, Complex 2 178
27 Rearrange The Word 2 180
28 Road Map 2 181

29-32 Prose Paragraph 10 184
33-34 Poem Paragraph 5 185
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35 Poetic Devices 5 185
36 Paraphrase of a Poem 5 185
37 Coherant Order (Supplementary) 5 185
38 Comphhension Questions 5 185
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39 Advertisement 5 185
40 Letter Writing 5 189
41 Notice 5 194
42 Describing a Picture 5 200
43 Write Summary 5 203
44 Correct Error 5 207
45 Memory Poem 5 210
46 Supplementary Paragraph 5 210
Prose Comprehension 5 210
47
Poem Comprehension 5 213
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MEMORY POEM
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The Comet
Rampaging through the heavens

Never stopping day or night,
A spectacle of a lifetime
A comet in full flight.
Faster than a cheetah

With a tail that’ miles long,
Bigger than a mountain
So powerful and strong.
The outer ice is melting

Causing vapor from the force,
And leaves a trail behind it
As it travels on its course.
-Norman Littleford
PENGUIN 1 REDUCED SYLLABUS - IX - ENGLISH
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PROSE
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Sachin RameshTendulkar was born on 24th April 1973 in Mumbai,
Maharastra.He is a former Indian cricketer and captain widely regarded as one of
the greatest cricketers of all time. He made an impact in cricket from a very early
age, displaying a prodigious talent. The world famous cricketer has set many
records in his career and is considered as one of the greatest batsmen of all time.
He is the only player to have scored one hundred international centuries, the first
to score double century in a One Day International, and the only player to
complete more than 30,000 runs in international cricket. He played 664
international cricket matches in total,scoring 34,357 runs. In 2012, Tendulkar was
jya Sabha. He retired from cricket on 16th November 2013.
nominated to the Rajya
‘Learning the Game’ is an extractfrom his autobiography Playing it My Way.
Tendulkar at field Tendulkar shares Tendulkar Leadership qualities

his experience pondering over the
game
Shares his scret of Virutues of true Tendulkar with his

success sportsman Guru
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Sachin joined the cricket camp at
the age of 11, under the coach
Achrekar
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The camp was from 7.30 am to
It came true. Sachin was
7 pm. In the sixty days camp, he
grateful to his coach
played 55 matches
Achrekar’s advice
Practice hard. One day, He changed his school to
the world would watch Shardashram, where Achrekar
him playing woks
His father and brother Ajith Sachin had undergone many

took great care difficulties
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When Sachin was eleven years old, he was taken to a famous cricket coach, Achrekar by his brother. He joined his
summer camp. He was changed to the school where Achrekar was the coach. The session used to start at 7.30 a.m.. He
had one set of clothes. After every session, he had to wash it. His father and his brother encouraged him a lot. It was a
tough training. He had to play till 7pm. He gained physical and mental stamina. When he was returning, Sachin used to
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feel sleepy and tired. But he could not get any seat. Sometimes, he avoided to go to the nets and spent time with his
friends. Achrekar would come and drag him. He advised him to practise well and also he would say that one day, the
whole world would watch him playing. So, Sachin was very much grateful to his coach, Achrekar.
PROSE
ghlk; jkpo; tphpthf;fk;
ENGLISH EXPLANATION
From a very early age, I played tennis - ball cricket with vdJ rpWtajpy;> ehd; vdJ njUtpy; trpf;Fk;
my colony friends. I loved watching cricket on television ez;gu;fSld;> nld;dp]; ge;jpy; fpupf;nfl;
and in our games, I often tried to emulate the mannerisms tpisahLNtd;. fpupf;nfl;il njhiyf;fhl;rpapy;
tpUk;gp ghu;g;Ngd;. NkYk;> ehq;fs;
of my favourite players, Sunil Gavaskar and the West
tpisahLk;nghOJ> vdf;F gpbj;j tPuh;fshfpa
Indian legend Viv Richards. But it wasn't just the batsmen
Rdpy; fth];fu; kw;Wk; tpad;upr;rl;]; MfpNahupd;
that I studied. I also loved bowling. Throughout my career, ghzpia gpd;gw;WNtd;. Mdhy;> ehd; ge;J
I have actually bowled a lot in teh nets. mbf;Fk; kl;ilia gpbg;gtiu kl;Lk;
ghu;f;fkhl;Nld;. vd;F ge;J tPRtJk; gpbf;Fk;.
vdJ gapw;rp fhyq;fspy;> ehd; mjpf jilt
tiyf;Fs; kl;LNk ge;J tPrpapUf;fpNwd;.
I was then studying in the New English School, Mumbai. ehd; Kk;igapy; cs;s GJ Mq;fpyg; gs;spapy;
But my brother Ajit knew that compared to other schools gbj;Njd;. Mdhy; vdJ rNfhjud; m[pj;> vd;id
in Mumbai, Shardashram Vidhyamandir where rhuhjh M\;uk; tpj;ahke;jpu; vd;w gs;spf;F
RamakantAchrekar Sir was the cricket coach, gave due mioj;J nrd;whH. Vndd;why;> mq;Nfjhd;
importance to the game of cricket. He ran summer camps fpupf;nfl;bw;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; jUk; gapw;rpahsu;
too. Ajit, one day, took me to the camp to get trained uhkfhd;l; Mr;Nuf;fu; gzpGhpfpd;whH. mth;
Nfhilfhy gapw;rp tFg;Gk; elj;jp te;jhH. xU
under Sir. Anyone could come for a trial at the camp; but
ehs;> m[pj; vd;d me;j gapw;rpahsuplk; gapw;rp
then, it was up to Sir to decide who to accept. I was eleven
ngw Ntz;Lk; vd;W mioj;J nrd;whH. ahH
years old then. Achrekar Sir, as I refer to him, started
Ntz;LkhdhYk; gapw;rp tFg;gpw;F tuyhk;.
played cricket at the age of eleven in 1943, which is the Mdhy; gapw;rp tFg;gpw;F Njitahdtu;fis>
age I was when I had never batted in the nets before and mtNu Njhe;njLg;ghH. vdf;F mg;nghOJ
felt somewhat overawed with so many people around. gjpndhd;W taJ. Mr;Nuf;fu; rhUk; jdJ
When I was asked to bat, I was not at all comfortable. gjpndhd;whk; tajpy; 1943 k; Mz;L tpisahlj;
With Sir watching me so closely, I failed to make an njhlq;fpdhu;. vd;id kl;il gpbj;J tpisahl
impact. mioj;j nghOJ ehd; nrsfupkhdjhf
fUjtpy;iy. vd;id vdJ FU $u;e;J ftdpj;j
nghOJ ehd; mtuJ ftdj;ij <u;f;f jtwp
tpl;Nld;.
Sir called Ajit aside and informed him that I was perhaps rhu;> m[pj;ij $g;gpl;L vdf;F taJ Fiwthf
too young to make the camp and suggested that he should ,Uf;fpwJ vd;Wk;> vd;id ,d;Dk; rpy tUlk;
bring me back when I was a little older. My induction into fopj;J mioj;J tUk;gbAk; $wpdhu;. vdJ
the Mumbai cricket circuit could have ended in failure – Kk;ig fpupf;nfl; tho;f;if Njhy;tpapy; Kbe;jJ
vd ehd; epidj;Njd;. Mdhy;> m[pj;jpd;
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but for Ajit’s insistence. Having seen me play in the
colony, Ajit knew I was capable of performing far better tw;GWj;jyhy;> mt;thW Kbatpy;iy. m[pj;
Mr;Nuf;fu; rhuplk;> ehd; ,q;Nf tpisahbaij
than I had done in front of Achrekar Sir. He explained that
tpl njUtpy; ed;whf tpisahLNtd; vd;W
I was nervous and asked Sir to give me one more
$wpdhd;. ehd; gae;J tpl;Nld; vd;W $wp vdf;F
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opportunity. However, he suggested that while doing so,
kw;nwhU tha;g;G jUk;gb Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhd;.
Sir should pretend to go away and then watch from a
NkYk;> ehd; tpisahLk; nghOJ rhiu J}uj;jpy;
distance. Sir agreed. Before long, I was asked to bat again ,Ue;J ghu;f;Fk;gb $wpdhd;. rhUk;
and, without Sir’s trained eyes scrutinizing me – or so I Vw;Wf;nfhz;lhh;. rhu; J}uj;jpy; nrd;wgpd;> ehd;
thought, I felt more at ease and soon started to hit the ball kpfTk; Rygkhf tpisahbNdd;. ,e;j Kiw> rhu;
well. This time, Sir agreed to let me join the camp. I was vd;id gapw;rp fsj;jpy; Nru;j;Jf;nfhz;lhH.
delighted and I must say it was an opportunity that vdf;F kpfTk; re;Njh\khf ,Ue;jJ. ,Jjhd;
transformed my life. vdJ tho;f;ifia khw;Wk; tha;g;ghf mike;jJ.
The camp involved a session every morning and evening at ,e;j gapw;rpf; fhyk; jpdKk; fhiyAk;> khiyAk;
Shivaji Park. I would practice between 7.30 am and 10.30 rpth[p G+q;fhtpy; eilngw;wJ. fhiyapy; 7.30
am in the morning. Then I’d come back in the afternoon kzpKjy; 10.30 kzp tiu gapw;rp nra;Ntd;.
and practice till late evening. The schedule was rigorous kjpak; tPl;bw;F te;J> gpwF khiyNtis
and I would be exhausted by the end of the day. Travelling gapw;rpf;F nry;Ntd;. ,e;j gapw;rp fhyk;
to Shivaji Park took forty minutes from my house in fLikahf ,Ue;jJ. ehd;> jpdKk; ,utpy; Nrhu;e;J
tpLNtd;. ge;jpuhtpy; cs;s vdJ tPl;by; ,Ue;J
Bandra and I had to catch an early morning bus to make it
rpth[p G+q;fh nry;y ehw;gJ epkplk; MFk;. ehd;
on time. For the first few days, Ajit accompanied me, to
rhpahd Neuj;jpw;F nry;y tpbaw;fhiyapy; xU
get me used to the routine. During the bus journeys, he
NgUe;ij gpbf;f Ntz;Lk;. Kjypy;> rpy ehs; m[pj;
would talk to me about the nuances of batting, and I vd;Dld; te;jhd;. ,t;thW NgUe;jpy; ,UtUk;
always enjoyed these conversations a lot. In fact, the one gazk; nra;Ak;nghOJ> kl;ilia gpbj;J
thing that I have kept with me all my career is a note that tpisahLk; EZf;fq;fis gw;wp
Ajit gave me containing somethoughts about batting. It Ngrpf;nfhz;bUg;ghd;. ,e;j ciuahly; vdf;F
served as a very personal coaching manual. kpfTk; gpbf;Fk;. cz;ikapy; vd; tho;ehs;
KOtJk;> m[pj; nrhd;d jfty;fis
gpd;gw;wpf;nfhz;L ,Uf;fpNwd;. mtd;
thu;j;ijfs; vdf;F xU nrhe;j ifNahl;lhf
,Ue;jJ.
As a child, I had only one set of cricketclothes and the vdJ rpWtajpy;> vd;dplk; xNu xU fpupf;nfl;
routine was to wash themas soon as I’d returned from the cil ,Ue;jJ. ehd; fhiyapy; gapw;rpia Kbj;J
morningsession. While I had my lunch, the clotheswould te;jTld;> cilia Jitj;J tpLNtd;. ehd;
dry out in the sun and I would wearthem again in the rhg;gpl;L Kbf;Fk; nfhOJ> vdJ cil R+hpa
afternoon. The patternwas repeated in the evening so that I ntspr;rj;jpy; fha;e;JtpLk;. gpd;du; mij ehd;
cLj;jpf; nfhs;Ntd;. khiy Ntis gapw;rp
could use the same set of clothes the following morning.
Kbe;jTld;> ,Nj Ntiy njhlUk;. ,e;j Kiw
The system worked well – apart from my pockets. There
ed;whf ,Ue;jJ. vdf;F rl;ilg; igia jtpu>
was never quiteenough time for the pockets to dry
rl;ilg;ig fha;tjw;F Neuk; gj;jtpy;iy.
outcompletely, and for the entire duration ofthe camp I
Mifahy;> ehd; <ukhd rl;ilg;igAld;
played with wet pockets. By themiddle of the summer tpisahz;Nld;. ,e;j Nfhilfhy gapw;rp tFg;gpy;>
camp, Sir had started taking an active interest in my rpy ehs;fspy;> rhu; vdJ kl;ilia mbf;Fk;
batting andat the end of the two months, informed Ajit that jpwikapy; Mu;tk; nfhz;lhu;. m[pj;jplk;> ehd;
I had the potential to be a good cricketerif I practiced all vy;yh ehSk; gapw;rp nra;jhy;> rpwe;j fpupf;nfl;
year round. However, myschool – the New English School tpisahLgtuhf khWNtd; vd;whH. Mdhy;> vdJ
ge;uhtpy; cs;s gs;spapy; me;j trjp ,y;iy. ehd;
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in Bandra– did not have cricket facilities and Sir waskeen
for me to change schools if I wantedto pursue cricket fpupf;nfl; cz;ikahf Nerpj;jjhy;> rhu; vd;id
gs;spf;$lk; khw;Wtjpy; jPtpukhf ,Ue;jhu;.
seriously.
One evening, Sir called my father andput forward his xU ehs; khiyapy;> rhu; vdJ mg;ghtplk; jdJ
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suggestion. Ajit was inthe room with my father at the time fUj;ijf;$wpdhu;. m[pj;Jk; vdJ mg;ghTld;
andthey both accepted that it was necessaryif cricket was mNj miwapy; ,Ue;jhd;. ehd; fpupf;nfl;bw;F
to be my priority. My fathersat me down and explained Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lnkd;wjhy;>
that while hedid not have any objections to my changing mth;fs; mij Vw;Wf; nfhz;ldh;. vdf;F
fpupf;nfl;by; tpUg;gk; ,Ug;gjhy;> ehd; gs;spia
schools, I should do so only if I was reallyserious about
khw;Wtjw;F ve;j Ml;NrgidAk; ,y;iy.
playing cricket.I assured himI was, and so it was agreed
mjdhy;> mf;Nufu; rhu; mth;fs; fpupf;nfl;
that I shouldmove to ShardashramVidhyamandir, where
gapw;rpahsuhf ,Uf;Fk; rhujh M\;uk;
Achrekar Sir was the cricket coach. All myexcess energies
tpj;ahke;jpu; gs;spf;F khw;wg;gl;Nld;. vdJ mjpf
were getting channeled into cricket, which acted as a kind gl;r rf;jpfis ghJfhg;ghf fpupf;nfl;by;
of safetyvalve. My father always said that all hewanted me nray;gLj;jpNdd;. vdJ mg;gh vg;nghOJk;
to do was give it my best effortwithout worrying about the vd;id tpisahLk; nghOJ ve;j tpj gyidAk;
results. vjph;ghuhky; tpisahLk;gb $wpdhu;.
In my first year at Shardashram, I played fifty five practice vdJ rhujh M\;uk; gs;spapd; Kjy; tUlj;jpy;>
matches during the summer break of sixty days. My mWgJ ehs;fs; cs;s Nfhil tpLKiwapy;>
summersessions used to start at 7.30 am and endat 4.30 Ik;gj;ije;J gapw;rp Nghl;bfspy; tpisahz;Nld;.
pm. My evening session would start at 5 pm after only a vdJ Nfhilfhy gapw;rp fhiy 7.30 kzpf;F
thirty-minute break. During the break, Sir would often give Muk;gpj;J> kjpak; 4.30 kzpf;F KbAk;. gpd;du;
me some money to go and have a vadapav (a popular vdJ khiy Neu gapw;rp 30 epkpl ,ilntspf;F
gpwF> 5 kzpf;F rhu; vdf;F gzj;ijf; nfhLj;J
Mumbai fast food).
tlhght; vd;w Kk;igapy; cs;s Jupj czit
rhg;gpl nrhy;thu;.
Between 5 pm and 7 pm I'd have five more net sessions. khiy 5 kzpf;Fk; 7 kzpf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l
Towards the last 15 minites, Sir would place and one rupee Neuj;jpy; vdf;F Ie;J Kiw tiyg;gapw;rp
coin on top of the stumps and if I managed to avoid getting ,Uf;Fk;. filrp 15 epkplj;jpy;> rhu; xt;nthU
out, the coin was mine. I this session every bowler in the mbf;fl;ilapYk;> xU &gha; ehzaj;ij itg;ghu;.
camp would come and bowl to me, with some sixty to ehd; tpisahLk; nghOJ mbf;fl;ilapy; cs;s
seventy boys fielding. It meant I had to hit every ball along ehzak; tpohky; ,Ue;jhy;> me;j ehzak; vdf;F
fpilf;Fk;. ,e;j Neuj;jpy;> mq;Fs;s mWgJ Kjy;
the ground to survive those intense fifteen minutes.
vOtJ tiu cs;s midj;J igad;fSk; te;J
Winning the one-rupee coin used to give me immense
ge;JtPRtu;. ,J vjw;F vd;why;> ehd; me;j filrp
satisfaction and taught me how to concentrate even when
gjpide;J epkplj;jpy; vt;thW gjw;wk; ,y;yhky;
physically drained. At the end of it all., Sir would tell me tpisahLfpNwd; vd;W ghu;g;gjw;F MFk;. me;j
to run two full circuits of Shivaji Park with my pads and xU &gha; ehzaj;ij nty;tJ vdf;F mstw;w
gloves on. jpUg;jpia nfhLf;Fk;. NkYk;> clk;gpy; xU
rf;jpAk; ,y;yhj nghOJk;> vt;thW ftdk;
That was the last part of my training andI’d be completely nrYj;jp tpisahl Ntz;Lk; vd;gij fw;gpj;jJ.
exhausted by the end ofit all. It was a routine I would ,J vy;yhk; Kbe;j gpwF> rhu; vd;id fhypy;
repeat rightthrough my summer holidays and it helpedme gl;ilfs; mzpe;Jk;> ifapy; ifAiws; mzpe;Jk;>
rpth[p G+q;fhit ,uz;L Kiw Xlr; nrhy;thu;.
to build up physical and mental stamina. ,Jjhd;> vdJ gapw;rpapy; filrpgFjp MFk;. ehd;
Kw;wpYk; Nrhu;tile;J tpLNtd;. ,Jjhd;> ehd;
Nfhil tpLKiwapy; njhlh;r;rpahf nra;jJ. ,J
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vdJ clk;gpYk; kdjpYk; cWjpia nfhLj;jJ.
-Occasionally, my father came to take me home and I vg;NghjhtJ> vdJ mg;gh vd;id miof;f
would always ask him to treat me to a special fruit cocktail tUthu;. mg;nghOJ> ehd; xU gor;rhW filapy;
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at a juice centre near the club. While this regular demand tpw;Fk; xU rpw;Wz;bia tpUk;gp Nfl;Ngd;.
was a little unreasonable, because at the time I did not mg;nghOJ> vdJ ngw;Nwhu;fs; vdJ mf;fh
realize that my parents also had to take care of the needs of kw;Wk; mz;zd;fspd; NjitfisAk; epiwNtw;w
my brothers and sister, my father would invariably end up Ntz;Lk; vd;W epidf;ftpiy;iy. Mdhy;> mg;gh
vd; kdk; re;Njhrk; miltij ghu;f;f vdf;F
giving me what I wanted, just to see me happy. On other
thq;fpf; nfhLg;ghu;. kw;w ehs;fspy;> rpth[p
days, when I made my way home from Shivaji Park on my
G+q;fhtpy; ,Ue;J tPl;bw;F nry;Yk;nghOJ>
own, I’d often fall asleep on the bus – if I managed to sit
vdf;F NgUe;jpy; ,lk; fpilj;jhy; J}q;fptpLNtd;.
down. Anyone who has been on a Mumbai bus at peak Kk;igapy; ,Uf;Fk; midtUk;> gugug;ghd
hours will know just how difficult it is to get a seat. On Neuj;jpy; ,lk; fpilg;gJ vt;tsT f\;lk; vd;gJ
days when I wasn’t so lucky, it was still a challenge just to njhpAk;. rpy Jujp\;lkhd ehs;fspy;> ,lk;
stand with the kitbag, because the bus conductors would fpilf;fhj nghOJ> vdJ nghpa igAld; epw;gJ
inevitably complain about me taking up the space of kpfTk; rthyhf ,Uf;Fk;. NgUe;jpy; cs;s
another passenger. It could be embarrassing because the elj;Jdu;> me;j ig ,Uf;Fk; ,lj;jpy; ,d;ndhU
conductors were often rude and would sometimes ask me gazpia epw;f itf;fyhk; vd;W tpku;rpg;ghu;. rpy
to buy two tickets. I didn’t have the money for a second ehs;fspy;> Kul;Lj;jdkhd elj;Jdu;fs;> ,uz;L
ticket and I had to learn to take these remarks in my stride. gazr;rPl;L thq;Fk;gb nrhy;thu;. vd;dplk;
Dirty clothes often added to the embarrassment. With time, ,uz;lhtJ gazr;rPl;L thq;f gzk; ,Uf;fhJ.
,th;fs; jpl;Ltij Nfl;f Ntz;b ,Uf;Fk;.
I evolved a way of wrapping the kitbag around me. Just as
mOf;fhd cil NkYk; rq;flj;ij nfhLf;Fk;
the helmet and pads became a part of me while batting, so
,e;j khjpupahd ehs;fis> vdJ igia vd;id
the kitbag became an extensions of me on the bus. I’d
Rw;wp fl;btpLNtd;. jiyftrKk; ifAiwfis
often take the bus or train from Bandra to Church gate, and
ehd; kl;il gpbj;J tpisahLk;nghOJ vdJ Xu;
it was all a great learning experience. mq;fkhf ,Uf;Fk;. Mdhy; NgUe;jpy; gpuahzk;
nra;Ak; nghOJ mtifs; vdf;F ,ilA+whf
,Uf;Fk;. ghe;jpuhtpypUe;J Njthyak; tiu
NgUe;jpNyh my;yJ kpd;rhu tz;bapNyh
gazpf;Fk; me;j jUzq;fs; kpfTk;
mDgfq;fshf mike;jJ.
Even though I loved cricket, there were still occasional fpupf;nfl;il ehd; mjpfk; Nerpj;jhYk; vd;
days when playing with my friends at home was such fun ez;gu;fSld; tPl;by; nrytpLtNj kpfTk;
that I would conveniently forget I was supposed to go to Nerpj;Njd;. Mdhy; Mr;NufNuh jdJ ,Urf;fu
the nets. If I didn’t turn up, Achrekar Sir wouldjump on to thfdj;jpy; te;J vd;id me;j $l;lj;jpy;
his scooter and come to fine me. Sir would spot me in the fz;Lgpbj;J mioj;J nry;thu;. ehd; vt;tsT
rhy; [hg;Gfs; $wpdhYk; mth; vijAk; fhjpy;
melee and virtually drag me out. I would come up with
thq;fp nfhs;skhl;lhu;. vd; kdepiyia khw;wp
excuses but he would have none of it. He would get me to
rpth[p G+q;fhtpw;F mioj;J nry;thu;. me;j
change and head off to Shivaji Park. On the drive he would
gpuahz rkaj;jpy; vd;Dila ez;gu;fSld;
tell me, “Don’t waste your time playing insane games with
tpisahl;by; <Lglf;$lhJ vd;Wk; fpupf;nfl;
these kids. Cricket is waiting for you at the nets. Practice vdf;fhf fhj;jpUf;fpwJ vd;Wk; vd;id ed;whf
gapw;rp nra;AkhW mt;thW nra;jhy; kpf nghpa
hard and see what magic can transpire." ke;jpu khw;wk; epfOk; vd;Wk; mwpTiu $Wthu;.
"We need to have proper career orientation. Your ‘ek;Kila njhopiy Njh;T nra;a ey;y xU gapw;rp
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personality plays an important role in choosing the type of Njit. cdJ tho;f;ifia KbT nra;a cdJ
career you want. Choose something you enjoy and really MSik jpwDk; Njit. cdf;F gpbj;j> cdf;F
want to do and you will be successful." At that time, I cz;ikahf nra;a Njhd;Wfpd;w xU njhopiy
hated being dragged off, but as I look back, I feel sheepish Nju;e;njL. eP tho;tpy; ntw;wp ngWtha;”. ehd; vd;
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ez;gu;fSld; ,Uf;Fk; nghOJ> vd;id kl;Lk;
about myactions and can only admire Achrekar Sir’s
,Oj;J tUk;nghOJ> ehd; nra;j nray;
farsightedness.
Ml;Lf;Fl;biag; Nghy; ,Ue;jJ. mf;Nufu; rhupd;
njhiyNehf;F ghu;itia tpae;Njd;.
Sir also punished me on one occasion when trying to teach rhu; xU ehs;> xU Kf;fpakhd ghlk;
me a very important lesson. Once, I bunked my daily elj;Jk;nghOJ vd;id jz;bf;fTk; nra;Js;shu;.
evening practice to watch an inter-school cricket match not xU ehs;> vdJ khiy Neu gapw;rp tFg;ig
anticipating that Sir would be there. He was angry and he Gwf;fzpj;J> rhu; gf;fj;jpy; elf;Fk;
said it wasn’t for me to come and watch other people play gs;spfSf;fhd Nghl;bapy; ,Ug;ghu; vdj;
for, if I practiced hard enough, one day people from across njhpahky; ehDk; nrd;Wtpl;Nld;. mth;
Nfhgg;gl;L> ehd; ,ijNghy; mLj;jtu;fs;
the world would come and watch me play. Had it not been
tpisahLtij ghu;f;ftuf;$lhJ vd fz;bj;jhu;.
for Sir, I would not be the cricketer I turned out to be. He
ehd; tplhKaw;rpNahL gapw;rp nra;jhy;> cyfNk
wasa strict disciplinarian and did everything he could for
ehd; tpisahLtij ghu;f;f tUk; vd;whu;.; rhu;
me. I owe myself to him. kl;Lk; ,y;iynad;why;> ehd; xU fpupf;nfl;
tpisahl;L tPuuhf khwp ,Uf;f khl;Nld;. mth;
xU xOf;frPyu;. vdf;fhf vy;yhk; nra;jhu;. ehd;
mtUf;F ed;wpf; fld; gl;Ls;Nsd;.
Word Meaning Word Meaning
emulate (v) - to match or surpass typically by overawed (v) - impressed so much that they are
imitation. silent or inhibited
induction (n) - the action or process of including rigorous (adj.) - extremely thorough and careful
someone to an organization
nuances (n) - subtle changes in or shades of pursue (v) - follow or chase

meaning, expression, or sound
stamina (n) - the ability to sustain or prolonged cocktail (n) - a mixed drink which is a
physical and mental effort combination of ingredients such
as fruit juice, lemonade,
kitbag (n) - a long cylindrical canvas bag, stride (v) - a step or stage in progress
(here) used to carry cricket towards an aim
accessories
embarrassment - a feeling of selfconscious, shame melee (n) - a confused crowd of people

(n) or awkwardness
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transpire (v) - come to be known, revealed farsightedness - showing a prudent awareness of
(adj.) future possibilities
bunked (v) - to make oneself absent from a class crossroads (n) - to be at a point when you have to
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or session make a very important decision
deteriorated (v) - became worse influence (n) - the capacity to have an effect on
the character development
peer (n) - person of same age, status or Passion (n) - strong desire
ability
ultimately (adv.) - being the best or most extreme

example
Word Synonyms Word Synonyms

cross roads - junction firm - tough
subconscious - unconsicious deteriorated - worse
desire - wish passion - rage
benefits - profit goals - target
manner - behaviour conscious - aware
admitted - accepted aspirations - desire
carrer - profession chatting - talk
environment - surroundings established - founded
events - a planned occasion fun - enjoyment
influence - affect inner voice - soul
innermost - deeply mentors - advisor
often - frequently orientation - direction
rewind - reverse struggling - battle
ultimately - finally
CHOOSE THE BEST SYNONYMS a) beginning b) end

1. I failed to make an impact. c) direction d) travel
a) sight b) reflection 3. All my excess energies were getting
c) blow d) catch channelled into cricket.
2. My induction into the Mumbai cricket circuit a) directed b) controlled
could have ended in failure. c) approached d) looked
4. I was really serious about playing cricket. a) filled b) close

a) sad b) afraid c) covering d) pulling
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c) grave d) neglect 8. Winning the one-rupee coin used to give me
5. My father sat me down and explained that while he immense satisfaction.
did not have any objections to my changing a) huge b) light
schools. c) heavy d) little
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a) perfection b) chance 9. Sir would spot me in the melee and virtually drag
c) way d) oppositions me out.
6. I would always ask him to treat me to a special a) confused b) single
fruit cocktailat a juice centre near the club. c) a few d) crowd
a) mixture b) single 10. I feel sheepish about my actions.
c) juice d) box a) ashamed b) happy
7. I evolved a way of wrapping the kitbag around c) proud d) guilt
me.
Word Antonyms Word Antonyms

firm X easy desire X repulsion
passion X hatred consciously X unconsciously
forget X remember often X seldom
rewind X forward ultimately X immediately
deteriorated X improved benefits X drawback, disadvantage
achieve X fail established X unfarmiliar
inner voice X outer voice personal X public
suddenly X gradually unfortunately X luckily, fortunately
CHOOSE THE BEST ANTONYMS 3. Sir agreed.

Choose the appropriate antonyms for the a) allowed b) disagreed
underlined words : c) admitted d) agreed
1. Ramakant Achrekar sir gave due importance to 4. My father always wanted me to give best effort
the game of cricket. without worrying about the results.
a) dull b) great a) worst b) worse
c) vital d) insignificance / c) better d) bad
unimportance 5. The schedule was rigorous.
2. Sir should pretend to go out and watch from a a) correct b) harsh
distance. c) right d) careless
a) away b) near 6. I always enjoyed the conversations about batting.
c) far d) off a) like b) love
c) hate d) admire
7. I’d often fall asleep on the bus if I managed to sit a) Netaji Park b) Shivaji Park
down. c) Gandhiji Park d) NEC Park
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a) awake b) slumber 4. Sachin’s house was in __________
c) nap d) woken up a) Jugha b) Bandra
8. I practised hard enough. c) Mushra d) Madura
a) trained b) idle 5. Sachin was changed from New English School to
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c) exercised d) ideal _______
a) Shardashram b) Nethralaya
9. My father sat me down and explained that while he
c) Yeomann d) Supreme
did not have any objections to my changing
6. Sachin started playing at the age of _______
schools.
a) 12 b) 11
a) challenge b) doubt c) 15 d) 16
c) acceptance d) protest 7. The summer session for Sachin started at _______
10. Winning the one-rupee coin used to give me am.
immense satisfaction. a) 7 b) 5.30
a) huge b) light c) 7.30 d) 8.30
c) strong d) little 8. ____________ gave Sachin about the nuances of
batting.
CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER FROM a) Aravind b) Ajit
THE OPTIONS GIVEN BELOW: c) Shivaji d) Umesh
1. Sachin’sfavourite player is __________ 9. In the break, Achrekar gave Sachin money to buy
a) Sunil Gavaskar b) Azaruddin _________
c) Kumble d) Vijay a) toys b) vadapav
2. The famous cricket coach was _________ c) cooldrinks d) biscuits
10. Sachin had to take another ticket for _________
a) Richards b) Achrekar
a) friend b) Achrekar
c) Sharma d) Aurang
c) brother d) kitbag
3. The summer camp held at _______________
1. What was coach Achrekar's first impression on Sachin?

The coach Achrekar’s first impression on Sachin was that he was too young to make the camp.
2. Why did Sachin feel that the schedule of the camp was 'rigorous'?
Sachin felt that the schedule of the camp was ‘rigorous’ because it started at 7.30 am and ended at
7 p.m.
3. What did serve as a very personal coaching manual to Sachin?
During the bus journey, Sachin’s brother Ajith gave him some tips about batting. It served as a
very personal coaching manual to Sachin.
4. Why was Sachin asked to change the school?
Sachin was asked to change the school because his school did not have cricket coaching facilities.
5. What was the condition laid down by Sachin's father for changing the school?
The condition laid down by Sachin’s father for changing the school was that he should become
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serious about playing cricket.
6. How did the act with the one rupee coin help Sachin become a good cricketer?
In the last 15 minutes, his coach would place a one rupee coin on top of the stumps and if Sachin
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managed to avoid getting out, the coin was his. Every bowler would bowl in this session, with 60 to
70 boys for fielding.
7. What did help Sachin to build his physical and mental stamina?
During the summer holidays, Sachin practiced cricket from the morning 7 a.m to the evening 7
p.m. It helped him build his physical and mental stamina.
8. Which incident triggered the coach to be angry on Sachin?
Sometimes in the evening, Sachin used to play with his friends at home. He avoided to go to the
net. This incident triggered the coach to be angry on Sachin.
9. Why do you think Achrekar punished Sachin?
Achrekar punished Sachin because he wasted time in playing childish games with kids.
10. 'I owe myself to him' – what does Sachin mean by this?
Sachin was very much grateful to his master, Achrekar.
Hints: too young - kpfTk; ,isath; some tips - rpy Fwpg;Gfs; cricket coaching - fpupf;nfl; gapw;rp serious - jPtpu
positive motivation - Neu;kiw Cf;fk; tedious practise - fLikahd gapw;rp avoided to come - gq;Nfw;gij
jtpu;j;jy; wasted time - Neuj;ij tPzhf;Fjy; much grateful - ed;wp fld;gLjy;.
1. Who were Sachin’s favourite players?

Sunil Gavaskar and the west Indian legend Viv Richards were Sachin’s favourite players.
2. What was special about ShardashramVidyamandir in Mumbai?
At ShardashramVidyamandir in Mumbai, Achrekar was the cricket coach. He gave much
importance to cricket.
3. Who knew that Sachin could play well?
Sachin’ brother Ajit knew that he could play well.
4. What was the opportunity that transformed the life of Sachin?
Achrekar agreed to join Sachin in his summer camp. This opportunity transformed the life of
Sachin.
5. When did the summer camp begin in the morning?
The summer camp began at 7.30 am in the morning.
6. Where was the summer camp take place?

The summer camp took place at Shivaji park.
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7. Where was Sachin’s house?
Sachin’s house was at Bandra.
8. How did Sachin go to the summer camp?
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Sachin went to the summer camp by bus.
9. What sort of conversations did Ajith and Sachin have while travelling?
While travelling, Ajith gave some tips about batting to Sachin.
10. What routine did Sachin follow in washing his clothes?
Sachin had only one set of cricket clothes. So, after the morning session, he would wash the clothes.
In the evening also, he had to wash the clothes after the session.
11. What did Achrekar inform Ajith?
Achrekar informed Ajith that Sachin had the potentiality to become a good cricketer
12. What was the suggestion given by Achrekar to Sachin’s father?
Achrekar’s suggestion to Sachin’s father was to change the school of Sachin.
13. What acted as a safety valve?
The excess energies of Sachin acted as a safety valve.
14. How many practice matches did sachin play during the summer break of sixty days?
Sachin played 55 practice matches during the summer break of sixty days.
15. What did Sachin do during the thirty minutes break?
During the thirty minutes break, Achrekar gave him some money to eat vadapav.
16. What is the intense ‘fifteen minutes’ mentioned?
It is the last fifteen minutes of every day’s practice. It is the time to score more runs even though
the player is very tired. So, it is intense.
17. What did Sachin’s father do just to make Sachin happy?
Sachin’s father bought him a special fruit cocktail to make him happy.
18. What did embarrass Sachin in the bus?
The kit bag carried by Sachin was too big. So, the rude conductors told him to take another ticket. It
embarrassed him.
19. What made Sachin forget, to go to the nets?
The playing with his friends at home made Sachin to forget to go to the nets.
20. What did Achrekar advise Sachin?
Achrekar advised Sachin not to waste time in playing with kids.
21. How did Achrekar find Sachin?
Achrekar would come by scooter and found Sachin among the friends.
22. Did Achrekar punish Sachin ?
Yes, Achrekar punished Sachin at one occasion.
HINTS : cricket coach - fpupf;nfl; gapw;rpahsu; agreed to join – Nru xg;Gjy; mspj;jy; Bandra - ge;jpuh vd;Dk;
,lk; some tips about batting - kl;ilg;ge;J mbf;f rpy MNyhridfs; toq;fpdhu; after the morning session fhiy
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gapw;rpf;F gpd; potentiality - Mw;wy; to change - khw;wj;jpw;F excess energies - $Ljy; Mw;wy; practice matches -
gapw;rp Ml;lk; vadapav. - tlght; vd;gJ nuhl;b cUisf;fpoq;fhy; nra;ag;gLk; czT special fruit cocktail -
rpwg;ghd gof;fyit rhW kitbag - fpupf;nfl; kl;il ig.
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B Answer the following in a paragraph of 120-150 words:
1. 'Achrekar was a sincere coach'. Substantiate?
Achrekar was a sincere coach. He found that Sachin had the potentiality to play cricket. He changed
his school. He gave him training from morning 7.30 am to 7 pm in the evening. The morning session
would end at 4.30 pm. After thirty minutes break, the evening session started at 5pm. He gave him training
how to handle the last 30 minutes. If Sachin forgot to attend the class, he would come by scooter and
dragged him. He advised Sachin not to waste time in playing games with kids at home and to practise
well in the net. It would bring out a great magic. Achrekar also punished Sachin when he bunked his
evening class. He was angry that Sachin went to see the inter-school cricket match. He encouraged Sachin
that if he practised well, all the people would see him playing. He was a strict disciplinarian. He trained
Sachin to become a very good cricketer.
2. Narrate in your own words the hardships underwent by Sachin to become a great cricketer?
The hardships underwent by Sachin to become a great cricketer were:
 Sachin had only one set of clothes. He had to wash after morning and evening session. It wouldn’t
dry easily. He always played with wet pockets.
 At the end of the coaching, Sachin had to run two times around the park with the pads and gloves.
It would make him tired.
 Sachin went to the camp by bus. He felt sleepy. He couldn’t get the seat in the bus.
 During the bus travel, the kitbag of Sachin was too big. The rude conductors asked him to buy
another ticket. He didn’t have money.
 The clothes were dirty while Sachin was returning from the coaching class. The bad smell irritated
him.
 Sachin had no time to play with his friends.
3. Quote the sentences which you find most inspiring from ' Learning the Game'. How do they inspire
you? Explain.
The most inspiring sentences were:
 “Practise hard and see what magic can transpire” – If we practise well, it will give us a good result.
It will bring out a great magic. It can change our life.
 “Choose something you enjoy and really want to do and you will be successful”- We must select a
career that we love. If we love it, we can do our work perfectly. We will work hard without feeling
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tired. We will achieve success at last.
“If I practise hard enough, one day people from across the world would come and watch me play” – This
is the true and encouraging words. If we spend our time in coaching ourself, the whole world will turn one
day to watch us.
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GIFTED STUDENTS
SYNOPSIS
 INTRODUCTION
 DEVELOPMENT
 CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION
Lesson : Learning the Game

Author : Sachin Tendulkar
Theme : Learning the Cricket game
Moral : Work hard, you will succeed at last
DEVELOPMENT
CHILDHOOD DAYS OF TENDULKAR
Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar was born on 24th April 1973 in Mumbai, Maharastra. He was a former
Indian cricketer and captain. He loved bowling. At the age of eleven he started his training. His coach let
him alone and watched him from a distance. As a child he washed his cricket clothes regularly in the
morning and in the evening.
SUPPORT FROM FAMILY
His father supported his cricket desire. His father gave advice to him in cricket. His brother
accompanied him many days and his words are great boost for tendulkar’s achievement
TENDULKAR’S COACH
He joined ShardashramVidhyamandir School, where Achrekar was the cricket coach. Daily he
traveled 40 minutes to Sivaji's Park. During the training session, his coach kept a one rupee coin on the
stump and let him bat. He was physically determined to win the one-rupee coin. With his bat and gloves
he had to run round the Shivaji Park two times. Even though he had good practice in the net he played
with his street boys. So he got rebukes from his coach. That strict discipline only made him to owe to his
coach.
CONCLUSION
"Enjoy the game and chase your dreams,
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dreams do come true”
Sachin Tendulkar
AVERAGE STUDENTS
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Lesson : Learning the Game
Author : Sachin Tendulkar
Theme : Learning the Cricket game
Moral : Work hard, you will succeed at last
Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar was born on 24th April 1973 in Mumbai, Maharastra. He was a former
Indian cricketer and captain. He loved bowling. At the age of eleven he started his training. His coach
let him alone and watched him from a distance. As a child he washed his cricket clothes regularly in
the morning and in the evening. His father supported his cricket desire. His father gave advice to him
in cricket. He joined ShardashramVidhyamandir School, where Achrekar was the cricket coach. Daily he
travelled 40 minutes to Sivaji's Park. During the training session, his coach kept a one rupee coin on
the stump and let him bat. He was physically determined to win the one-rupee coin. With his bat and
gloves he had to run round the Shivaji Park two times. Even though he had good practice in the net he
played with his street boys. So he got rebukes from his coach. That strict discipline only made him to
owe to his coach.
alone- jdpahf> desire - tpUg;gk;> determined to win - ntw;wp ngWtjpy; cWjpahf ,Ug;gJ> rebukes
- fz;bg;G
SLOW LEARNERS
 At the age of 11, Sachin was introduced to the coach, Achrekar.

 He joined his summer camp.
 The camp was from 7.30 am to 7 pm.
 He had only one set of dress. He always played with wet pockets, as he found no time
to dry his clothes.
 He changed his school to Shardashram, where Achrekar works.
 His father and brother took great care.
 Sometimes, as the kitbag was too big, he had to buy ticket for it.
 When Sachin didn’t attend the camp, Achrekar would drag him out.
 Achrekar advised him to practise well. He believed that, the whole world would come
to watch him playing. It came true.
8 bare bear
9 Herd heard
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10 throne thrown
Prefix and Suffix
Prefixes are added to the beginning of a root
D. Match the words in colum A with their Antonym
word while suffixes are added to the end.
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in column B (Book Page 6)
G. Look at the prefixes given and frame two new
S.No A B
words for each prefix and suffix. One is done for
1. concentrate distract
you.
2. inevitable preventable
Prefix Word - 1 Word - 2
3. occasional continual
sub subway subconscious
4. complete incomplete
un unhappy unseen
5. insane wise
Re recall recover
Homonyms
En enclose engulf
Homonyms are words with similar sound and
dis disagree disappear
spelling, but with a different meaning
Ir irregular irrelevant
E. Use the words given below in your own sentences
so as to get different meanings. One is done for you.
Suffix Word – 1 Word - 2
Cricket is a popular sport
cricket Ly suddenly happily
A cricket is active at night
Or actor councilor
We deposit money in the bank. I like to
bank Er sitter traveller
play in the river bank.
I will become a teacher. ness kindness weakness
will ian martian utopian
I have will power.
The dog barks loudly. ist Artist pianist
bark The bark of this tree is used as
medicine..
J. Listen to the passage on Paralympics and choose
My uncle presented me a watch.
watch the correct answer.
The policeman watched the criminal.
1. The Paralympic games are for _____
Homophones
a) children b) disabled people
Homophones are words with similar sound but
c) women.
different spelling and meaning.
2. The Paralympic games usually happen _____
F. Consult a dictionary, to find the homophones for
a) in Greece b.) every four years.
the given words.
c) after the Olympic Games.
1 in Inn
3. The first true Paralympic Games happened in Rome
2 know No
in _____
3 be Bee
a) 1960 b) 1952. c) 1848
4 to too, two 4. In 394 BCE, the _____ stopped the Greek Olympic
5 watt what Games, because they didn't like them.
6 right write, rite, wright a) Romas b) Greeks c) British
7 Were where
5. _____ was a doctor at the Stoke Mandeville collective efforts of all the members of the
hospital in England. team.
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a) Pierre de Coubertin  Games and sports played by professional
b) Sir Ludwig Guttmann players bring a lot of glory to the nation.
c) Natalie du Toit  Games are generally played with specific goal
to win. This helps in goal setting.
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 Participants learn to follow rules and become
I. Just a minute more disciplined.
Given below are five main qualities for true For these reasons, every civilized nation values
sportsmanship. the importance of games and sports and spends
i. Determination massive amount towards improvement.
ii. Optimization K. Your friend who lives in another town/city has
iii. Stamina won his/her championship trophy in the recent
iv. Perseverance sports meet Write a letter congratulating
v. Decisiveness him/her
Get into groups of four. Each group will choose XXX

one quality to talk about to the whole class for 13.08.19,
about one minute. But before you talk, you have Madurai.
two minutes to think about it. You can make notes Dear friend,
if you wish. I am fine. How are you? I came to know that
L. Prepare a speech in about 80-100 words for the you won the championship trophy in the state
morning assembly, stressing on the importance level sports meet. I knew it through the
of games and sports in ensuring a healthy body Newspaper. I am so proud of you.
and mind. Congratulations. All the very best for your future
 The importance of games and sports success.
 Sports and games are good exercises and help Yours lovingly,
to build fine, physique for the boys and girls. XXX.
This make them mentally alert and physically To:
strong. Further, good health is one of the most M.Siva,
important benefit of games and sports. S/o. Mr. M.Muthu,
 Students learn to cope with difficult situations. 25, North Street,
By displaying their feats before many Coimbatore-18.
spectators, they can overcome their
nervousness.
 Games and sports are good diversions and give Name : Mary Kom
them energy to learn the things sharply. Date of Birth : 01.03.1983
 Games, when played for entertainment, State/Team she represents : Manipur, India
provides the necessary break from the veryday Sports/ Games : Boxer
monotonous life. Debut (First Entry) : Won Silver
 Games and sports help building a sense of medal-48kg weight- Women’s
cooperation and team-spirit in an individual. World Boxing Championship, USA
Sports like cricket, football, etc. are won by the
Best in her career : No.4 in NEWSPAPER ARTICLE

Flyweight P.V. SINDHU
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Hobbies : Travelling PV Sindhu, born July 5, 1995, is an Indian
Awards/Medals received : Arjuna shuttler. Sindhu is has been highly praised for her
Award Padma Shree Magnificent Mary Rajiv determination and talent in badminton and achieved
Gandhi Khelratna Award a lot at a very early age. Till 2016, she has after her
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Sportswomen of the year name six individual titles including the Macau
Sahara Sports Award Open (thrice, in 2013, 2014 and 2015), Malaysian
N. Collect information from newspapers. magazines, masters (twice, in 2013 and 2016) and the Indonesia
periodicals and books about any two famous International (in 2011). But her biggest
sports women. Prepare their profiles. Use the achievement came in the Summer Olympics 2016
following format. held at Rio de Janeiro of Brazil, as she became the
Name : P.V.Sindhu first Indian women to qualify for an Olympics final
Date of Birth : 05.07.1995 and win the silver medal. Sindhu started playing
State/Team she represents : Hyderabad, India badminton at the age of eight.
Sports/ Game : Indian Badminton MARY KOM
Player Mary Kom is an Indian Olympic boxer
Debut (First Entry) : 2009-Sub-Junior from Manipur. She is the only woman to
Badminton Championship Colombo become World Amateur Boxing champion for a
Best in her career : No.2- Woman record six times, and the only woman boxer to have
Badminton player won a medal in each one of the seven world
Hobbies : Watching Movie championships. Nicknamed Magnificent Mary, she
Awards/Medals received : Padma Shree is the only Indian woman boxer to have qualified
Rajiv Gandhi Khelratna Award for the 2012 Summer Olympics, competing in the
Name Details flyweight (51 kg) category and winning the bronze
Date of Birth medal. She has also been ranked as No.
State / Team she 1 AIBA World Women's Ranking Light Flyweight
Sports / Games she is category. She became the first Indian woman boxer
to get a Gold Medal in the Asian Games in 2014 in
associated with
Incheon, South Korea and is the first Indian Woman
Debut (first entry)
Boxer to win Gold at the 2018 Commonwealth
Best in her career Games.
Hobbies ANAGRAMS
Awards / Medals An anagram is a word or a phrase formed
received by rearranging the letters of a different word or
phrase, typically using all the original letters
CREATIVE WRITING exactly once.
O. Write a newspaper article in about 100 words, a)
comparing the achievements of the two L E M O N
sportswomen based on the information you have
already collected. M E L O N
Now try to solve these anagrams. The host : I thank all the participants for their
views. Let us hope something will be done either by
1 ELBOW BELOW
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the government or individuals to promote this art.
2 SECTION NOTICES A. Choose the most appropriate preposition from the
3 VIEWER REVIEW brackets.
4 RIPPLES SLIPPER 1. We have been living in Chennai _____ eight years.
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5 NEEDLESS LESSENED (for / since)
A) Talk Show 2. Abdual has taken _____ his father. (after / at)
Q. Work in groups of 4 – 6. Choose one folk art from, 3. Vimal generally goes to his workplace _____ bus.
that is rarely or no longer performed. Find out the (by/on).
reasons for this and suggest practical 4. The cricket ball was hidden _____ the leaves.
solutions/steps that can be taken to prevent this. (among / between)
After discussion and research, conduct a talk 5. Mani divided his toys _____ his brothers and sisters.
show in the class on the topic FOLK ARTS – A ( among / between)
REVIVAL. B. Identify the prepositions in the given sentences
The host : I am delighted to welcome you all to this and underline them.
Talk Show on Folk Arts – A Revival. I thought it 1. Riya borrowed a dress from me and lent it to her
would be better to talk on Bommalattam which was friend, Mary.
very famous in our place 4 decades back. It is not 2. When I moved back to the city, things had changed
found these days even in remote villages. How to considerably.
revive them? Let’s have your views. 3. The burglar found the keys under the pot in the
Student : What are the factors that led to its slow balcony.
downfall? 4. Prabhu was hiding behind the door when his sister
Folk Artist : We have more than one reason for its came looking for him.
downfall. The cost of producing the puppets has 5. My dog sat on my hat and squashed it.
gone up. We do not get any financial support from C. Complete the passage by filling in appropriate
anybody. We have to earn our living and create prepositions from the list
different puppets with the money we earn through (with,out,to,in,from,during,of, for, by). Some
this. But it is very low. Now we do not have skilled Prepositions may be used more than once.
artists to continue this art. We have some old artists. In Tamil Nadu, a very interesting form of
NGO : Our organization tries to revive this art. We recitation named Villapattu developed (a) From the
can get some sponsors to get financial support. I 15th century. Villupattu means bow-song because a
can help you in this regard. bow – shaped musical instrument (b) with strong
Citizen : Can’t our government agencies help high tension string is used (c) for placing it (d) with
these people? They can do something to make some an earthen pitcher. It is believed that this narrative
youngsters learn this art from the old artists. form was an invention(e) byArasaPulavar. The
Folk Artist : Now a days people have many other troupe gives its performance mostly (f) during
forms of entertainments. So it has become outdated. temple festivals. There are seven to eight persons in
Citizen : Government can introduce these arts in a troupe who form a kind (g) of chorus that
the schools. Interested students can learn these arts. supports the main singer-narrator. When the chief
This will help a revival. narrator signs, the chorus takes (h) out the refrain
(i) in the song and repeats it in unison. The whole
party sits (j) in the ground and performs (k) with a (g) among the people (h) to buy their wares. Cotton
lot (l) of gesticulation and facfial expression to suit candy, cut raw mangoes smothered (i) with salt and
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the narrative they have taken. The ballad style chilly powder, boiled groundnuts, murukku, sweets,
songs are composed (m) by the rural dialect which buttermilk etc are sold. Men, women, grandmas,
appeals (n) to the audience who sometimes join the grandpas and little children dressed (j) up their best
troupe (o) with suitable notes or words. clothes, enjoy the Thiruvizha greatly.
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D. Frame sentences using the prepositional verb You can hear the shrieks (k) of happy children
given in the box: enjoying the rides on ferris wheels and carousels,
1. Hari gets benefit from his grandparents’ assets. elders looking (l) at each other with smiles on their
2. Don’t care for ciriticism. faces.
3. I always agree with you. The entire day is spent (m) with fun and gaiety.
4. They stand in line to purchase commodities in ration All the village people irrespective of their age, look
shop. forward (n) during the thiruvizha every year.
5. We ask for financial support.
6. Don’t laugh at others. You stayed with your grandparents at your native
7. When we went to Delhi, we stayed at a hotel. village during Pongal. You had an unforgettable time
8. When two friends meet, they joke about school days. with them. You visited the village fair and enjoyed the
9. I believe in God. simple pleasures of life like bathing in the river,
10. They go into the mall. strolling in the fields, eating food cooked in earthen
11. Our class consists of forty pupils. utensils over firewood, sleeping on a cot on the terrace
12. My father paid for picnic at school. under the star – lit sky, visiting temple fairs and
13. We must prepare well for our competitive watching Karagattam presentation.
examination. F. Write a letter to your friend, describing the joy of
14. Doctors attend to the needs of the patients. celebrating festivals in a village.
15. The workers rely on the latest mechanism.
E. Given below is a picture of a carnival. Complete XXX,
th
the factural description by filling description by 15 July 2019.
by filling in the blanks With appropriate My Dear friend,
prepositions. Well and wish to hear the same from you. I
A thiruvizha is a source of excitement and thrill have just returned from my native. We had
for villagers. The village thorough fare wears a chitirai festival in our native town Madurai. It is
festive look, as the open spaces are cleaned, a 10 day festival. Every evening Lord
spruced up and decorated (a) with colourful Sundereswarar and Goddess Meenakshi come in
streamers. chairiot in and around Masi streets. People
People throng the premises (b) to catch a welcome the deities and celebrate this festival as
glimpse (c) of their village deity (d) in a if their own home festival. It is really exciting
magnificently decorated chariot, and pay their one for me since I attend this festival for the first
respects. There is a big crowd(e) at the food stalls time. I would like to invite you for the next year
that serve free piping hot sakkaraipongal (sweet festival. Convey my regards to your parents.
pongal), lemon rice and curd rice. Yours lovingly,
People (f) from nearby villages and towns Raganjana.
display their wares attractively, and call out loudly
Address on the envelope : Leema : I suggest we begin with the storyline

To first.
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Abirami, Mani : How many characters can we
5, North Avenue, have ?
Kombageda Circle, Ramesh : We can have around five characters.
Bengaluru, Mohammed : what can we focus ?
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Meena : We can focus on the problems of
poverty and illiteracy as the major
Project reasons for child labour.
G. Your class has to stage a Puppet show in the Ramesh : Can we make stick puppets ?
Assembly Open Forum on the topic 'Child Leema : I am good at making stick puppets. I
Labour' Divide yourselves into groups and will make them myself. But I require
discuss the requirements for the presentation
some help
like storyline, characters, dialogues, choice of
Mani : I shall help you ?. Tell me, what to do ?
puppets and music for the interlude. Now
complete the dialogues given below. Leema : Thank you, Mani. Let us stay back after the
Ramesh : Let us present a puppet show on meeting and discuss.
CHILD LABOUR for our Assembly Ramesh : Have We some music ?
open forum. Meena : I think we should have some music for the
Mohammed : That is a very good idea! Let us start interlude.
planning right away. Geetha : That would make it really interesting. I will
Geetha : How can we begin ? get my music group to start working on the tunes
for our puppet show.
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Ruskin Bond was born on 19th May 1934. I CANHe is an award winning Indian
author of British descent. He is much renowned for his role in promoting children’s
literature in India. The Indian council for Child Education has recognized his role in
the growth of children’s literature in India. He got the Sahitya Akademi Award in
1992 for ‘Our trees still grow in Dehra’. He was awarded the Padmashri in 1999
and Padma Bhushan in 2014. As a profilic writer, he has written over 500 short
stories, essays and novels. His popular novel ‘The Blue Umbrella’ was made into a
Hindi film and was awarded the National Film Award for the best children’s film in
2007.
Old House Jackfruit Tree Turnstile Hollyhocks Flowers
A Colonel A Brigadier A Tree with Hollow Marbles and Coins
Flying Trapeze Stone Bench Budgerigars Birds German Iron Cross
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The man went near an old
house
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The iron cross was a symbol
A girl came out of the house
of his youth
The man left the house before The girl allowed him to come The man climbed up the wall.
25 years. It was his He breathed heavily
inside
Grandmother’s house
The girl climbed and took the

He felt active after seeing that
iron cross
He gave the cross to the girl While he was leaving the

herself house at his childhood, he left
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PROSE jkpohf;fk;
page 28 jahuhFjy;
Warm up m) ePq;fs; kuj;jpy; njhq;fpagbNa CQ;ryhl Kaw;rp
nra;Js;sPu;fsh?
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a. Have you ever tried swinging from a tree?
b. Have you ever climbed up a tree to pluck M) ePq;fs; vg;nghOjhtJ goq;fisg; gwpg;gjw;fhf kuk;
fruits? VwpaJz;lh?
c. Think of other occasions when you have ,) tPl;bw;F mUfpNyh my;yJ ntspg;gFjpfspNyh
ePq;fs; kuk; Vwpa epfo;Tfis epidT$u;f. cq;fsJ
climbed up trees, either near your homes or
fhuzq;fis tFg;gpy; cs;stu;fNshL gfpu;e;J
outside. Share your reasons with the class.
nfhs;f.
Read the story given below. Find out why the
fPNo jug;gl;Ls;s fijia gbf;fTk;. ghu;itahsu;
narrator feels that he can’t climb. jd;dhy; ,dpNky; kuq;fspy; Vw KbahJ vd;W
epidg;gjw;fhd fhuzq;fis fz;Lgpb.
He stood on the grass verge by the side of the mtu; rhiyapd; mUfpYs;s Gy;ntspapd; tpspk;gpy;
road and looked over the garden wall at the old epd;W nfhz;L me;j gioa tPl;bdpYs;s Njhl;lj;jpd;
house. It hadn’t changed much. The old house Rtiug; ghu;j;jhu;. mJnthd;Wk; ngupastpy;
built with solid blocks of granite wasn’t altered at khw;wkilatpy;iy. fpuhidl; fUq;fw;fshy; fl;lg;gl;l
all. But there was a new outhouse, and there were me;j tPl;by; vt;tpjkhd khw;wKk; nra;ag;gltpy;iy.
fewer trees. He was glad to see that the jackfruit Mdhy; mq;F Gjpjhf xU gz;idtPLk;> rpy kuq;fSk;
tree still stood at the side of the building casting fhzg;gl;ld. me;j tPl;bd; mUfpy; ,d;wsTk; epd;W
its shade on the wall. nfhz;L mt;tPl;bw;F epoy; je;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; gyh
kuj;ijf; fz;L mtu; ngUk; kfpo;r;rpaile;jhu;.
He remembered his grandmother saying: ‘A mtu; jd; ghl;b nrhd;dij epidT$u;e;jhu;: xU
blessing rests on the house where the shadow kuj;jpd; epoy; ve;j tPl;bd; Nky;; tpOfpwNjh mq;Nf
of a tree falls.’ And so the present owners MrPu;thjk; epiynfhs;fpwJ. ,g;nghOJ me;j tPl;by;
must also be receiving the tree’s blessings. At trpg;gtu;fSk; me;j MrPu;thjq;fisg; ngw;Wf;
the spot where he stood there had once been a nfhz;bUg;ghu;fs;. mtu; jw;nghOJ epd;W
turnstile, and as a boy he would swing on it, going nfhz;bUf;Fk; ,lj;jpy; xU fhyj;jpy; RoYk;
round and round until he was quite dizzy. Now the thapw;fjnthd;W ,Ue;jJ. mtu; rpWtdhf ,Ue;j
turnstile was gone, the opening walled up. Tall rkaq;fspy; mjd; RoYk; fk;gpiag; gpbj;Jf;nfhz;L
hollyhocks grew on the other side of the wall. kaf;fk; tUk;tiu CryhLthu;. ,g;nghOJ me;j
RoYk; fjT mq;fpy;iy. ,g;nghOJ me;j ,ilntsp
Rtu; itj;J kiwf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Rtupy; gytz;zg;
G+f;fisAila N`ypfhf;]; nrbfs; tsu;ej ; pUe;jd.
‘What are you looking at?’ ePq;fs; vijg; ghu;j;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwPuf
; s;?
It was a disembodied voice at first. Moments Kjypy; mJnthU ruPukw;w mruPup Nghyf; Nfl;lJ.
later a girl stood framed between dark red fUQ;rptg;Gepw N`ypfhf;]; kyu;fSf;fpilNa xU
hollyhocks staring at the man. She was only rpWkp epd;Wnfhz;L mtiuNa ntwpf;fg;
twelve or thirteen, with lively eyes and long black ghu;j;Jf;nfhz;bUg;gJ rw;W Neuj;jpw;Fg; gpwNf njupa
hair. te;jJ. 12 my;yJ 13 taJ kjpf;fj;jf;f mtu;
cw;rhf%l;Lk; fz;fSk;> ePz;l fUq;$e;jYk;
cilatshf ,Ue;jhs;.
‘I’m looking at the house. Is it yours?,’ he asked. 'ehd; tPl;ilg; ghu;j;Jf; nfhz;bUe;Njd;. ,J
cd;Dilajh? ' mtu; Nfl;lhu;.
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‘No. It’s my father’s. Why? Do you want to buy ',y;iy. ,J vd; je;ijapDilaJ. Vd;? ePq;fs; ,ij
it?' thq;f tpUk;GfpwPuf
; sh? '
‘And what does your father do?’ 'cd; je;ij vd;d nra;fpwhu;? '
‘He’s only a colonel.’ 'mtu; xU gilg;gFjp Kjy;td; (fu;dy;) '
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‘Only a colonel?’ 'gilg;gFjp Kjy;td; jhdh (fu;dy; jhdh)?'
‘Well, he should have been a brigadier by now.’ 'ey;yJ. ,e;Neuk; mtu; xU gilg;gFjp
jiytuhfpapUf;f Ntz;Lk;. '
The man burst out laughing. me;j kdpju; gaq;fukhfr; rpupj;jhu;.
‘It’s not funny,’ she said. ‘Even Mommy says he ',Jnthd;Wk; Ntbf;ifay;y. mtu; gilg;gFjp
should been a brigadier.’ jiytuhfpapUf;f Ntz;Lnkd vd; mk;kh $l
$wpapUf;fpwhu;fs;> vd;whs; mts;.'
It was on the tip of his tongue to make a witty mjdhy; jhd; vd;dNth mtu; ,d;Dk; gilj;jsgjp
remark (‘Perhaps that’s why he’s still a Kjy;tdhfNt (fu;dyhfNt) ,Uf;fpwhu; vd;W nrhy;y
Colonel’), but he did not want to give offence. thu;j;ijfs; ehf;fpd; Edp tiu te;Jtpl;lJ> Mdhy;
They stood on either side of the wall, appraising mJ mtSf;F tUj;jj;ijf; nfhLf;Fk; vd mtu;
each other. epidj;J mjid nrhy;ytpy;iy. mtu;fs; Rtupd;
,UGwKk; epd;Wnfhz;L xUtiunahUtu; ghuhl;bf;
nfhz;ldu;.
PAGE – 29
“Do you want to buy it?” "ePq;fs; ,ij thq;f tpUk;GfpwPu;fsh? "
“No”, he said. "mtu; ,y;iy vdf; $wpdhu;."
‘Well’ she said,’If you don’t want to buy the 'ey;yJ' vd mts; $wpdhs;> 'ePq;fs; ,e;j tPl;il
house, what are you looking at?’ thq;f tpUk;gtpy;iynadpy;> ePq;fs; vijg; ghu;j;Jf;
nfhz;bUf;fpwPuf
; s;? '
‘I used to live here twenty-five years ago. As a '25 Mz;LfSf;F Kd;du; ehd; ,q;Fjhd; tho;e;Njd;.
boy. As a young man.... And then my grandmother xU rpWtdhf. xU ,isQdhf...NkYk; vdJ ghl;b
died, and we sold the house and went away.’ mg;nghOJ ,we;Jtpl;lhu;fs;. ehq;fs; tPl;il
tpw;Wtpl;L nrd;Wtpl;Nlhk;.’
She was silent for a while, taking in this ,r;nra;jpfis cs;thq;fpf;nfhz;l mts; rpwpJ Neuk;
information. Then she said, ‘And you’d like to mikjpahf ,Ue;jhs;. gpwJ mts;> ‘ePq;fs;; ,e;j
buy it back now, but you don’t have the tPl;il ,g;nghOJ thq;f tpUk;GfpwPuf ; s;> Mdhy;
money?’ He did not look very prosperous. cq;fsplk; gzkpy;iyNah?’ mtu; ghu;g;gjw;F nry;tr;
nropg;Gs;stuhf Njhw;wkspf;ftpy;iy.
‘No, I wasn’t thinking of buying it back, wanted ‘,y;iy. ehd; ,t;tPl;il kPz;Lk; thq;Ftijg;
to see it again, that’s all. How long have you gw;wpnay;yhk; Nahrpf;ftpy;iy> kWgbAk; ,jidg;
lived in it?’ ghu;f;f Ntz;Lk;> mt;tsT jhd;. ePq;fs; vt;tsT
fhykhf ,q;F trpf;fpwPu;fs;?’
‘Only three years,’ she smiled. ‘mts; rpupj;Jf; nfhz;Nl> 3 Mz;Lfshf vd;whs;.’
‘Would you like to come in and look more ‘ePq;fs; cs;Ns te;J kpf mUfpypUe;J ghu;f;f
closely?’ tpUk;GfpwPuf
; sh vd;whs;?’
‘Wouldn’t your parents mind?’ ‘cdJ ngw;Nwhu;fs; vJTk; epidj;Jf;nfhs;s

khl;lhu;fsh?’
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‘They’ve gone to the club.’ They won’t mind. I’m ‘mtu;fs; xU fiykd;wj;Jf;Fr; nrd;Ws;shu;fs;.
allowed to bring my friends home.’ ,jid nghUl;gLj;jkhl;lhu;fs;. ehd; vd; ez;gu;fis
tPl;bw;F mioj;Jtu mDkjpj;Js;shu;fs;.’
‘Even elderly friends like me?’ ‘vd;idg; Nghd;w tajpy; %j;j ez;gu;fisf; $lth?’
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‘How old are you?’ ‘cq;fs; taJ vd;d?’
‘Oh, just middle aged, but feeling young today.’ ‘X> eLj;ju taJjhd;> Mdhy; ,d;W ,isQdh
And to prove it he decided he’d climb over the czUfpNwd;.’ mjid ep&gpf;f EioTthapiyr; Rw;wp
wall instead of going round to the gate. He got up on tUtjw;Fg; gjpyhf Rtu; kPJ Vwp tu ehd; KbT
the wall all right, but had to rest there, breathing nra;Js;Nsd;. mtu; Rtu; kPJ Vwptpl;lhu;> Mdhy;
heavily. gykhf %r;Rtpl;L mq;NfNa Xa;ntLf;f
Ntz;bajhapw;W.
‘Middle-aged man on the flying trapeze,’ he ‘gwf;Fk; CQ;rypy; (ru;f;f]py;) eLj;ju taJ kdpjd;’
muttered to himself. jdf;Fj;jhNd nrhy;ypf; nfhz;lhu;.
‘I’ll help you,’ she said, and gave him her hand. ‘ehd; cq;fSf;F cjTfpNwd;’ vd;w mts; mtuplk;
jd; ifia ePl;bdhs;.
He slithered down into a flower-bed, shattering the N`ypfhf; nrbapd; jz;il cilj;Jf; nfhz;L eOtp
stem of a hollyhock. mtu; fPNo cjpu;e;J fple;j G+f;fspd; kPJ tpOe;jhu;.
As they walked across the grass he spotted a stone mtu;fs; Gy;ntspiaf; fle;J nrd;w nghOJ xU
bench under a mango tree. It was the bench on khkuj;jpd; fPNo cs;s fy;yhyhd ,Uf;ifiaf;
which his grandmother used to rest, when she was fhz;gpj;jhu;. Nuh[hr;nrbfisAk;> jhs; G+kuf;
tired of pruning rose bushes and bougainvillea. fpisfisAk; eWf;fptpLifapy; Nrhu;tile;J gpd;du;
‘Let’s just sit here,’ he said. ‘I don’t want to go vd;Dila ghl;b tof;fkhf ,q;Fjhd; mku;e;J
inside.’ ,iog;ghUthu;fs;. ‘ehKk; ,q;Nf mkuyhkh’> vd;whu;
mtu;. ‘NkYk; ehd; cs;Ns Nghf tpUk;gtpy;iy.’
She sat beside him on the bench. mtUf;Fg; gf;fj;jpNyNa mtSk; mku;e;jhs;.
They were silent for some time. The man closed mtu;fs; rpwpJ Neuk; mikjpahf ,Ue;jdu;. mtu;
his eyes and remembered other times - the fz;fis %bf;nfhz;L fle;j fhyj;ij
music of a piano, the chiming of a grandfather epidTgLj;jpdhu; - gpahNdhtpd; ,ir> jhj;jhtpd;
clock, the constant twitter of budgerigars on the fbfhuk; vOg;Gk; rj;jk;> tuhz;lhtpy; gl;n[upf;fh];
veranda, his grandfather cranking up the old car.... vDk; fpspapd; fPr;rpLk; rj;jk;> mtuJ jhj;jhtpd;
gioa fhu; Gwg;gLk; rj;jk; vd xt;nthd;whf
epidTf;F te;jd.
‘I used to climb the jackfruit tree,’ he said, opening ‘gyh kuj;jpd; kPJ Vwp tpisahLtJ vd; tof;fk;’
his eyes. vdf; $wp;f;nfhz;Nl fz;fisj; jpwe;jhu;.
PAGE – 30
‘Do you want to climb it again? My parents ‘ePq;fs; kPz;Lk; kuj;jpd; kPJ Vw tpUk;GfpwPu;fsh? vd;
won’t mind.’ ngw;Nwhu;fs; xd;Wk; nghUl;gLj;j khl;lhu;fs;.’
‘No, no. Not after climbing the garden wall. ‘,y;iy> ,y;iy. Njhl;lj;J Rtupd; kPJ Vwpa gpd;du;
Let’s just sit here for a few minutes and talk. mg;gb xd;Wkpy;iy. ehk; ,q;NfNa mku;e;J rpwpJ Neuk;
I mention the jackfruit tree because it was my Ngrpf;nfhz;bUf;fyhk;. ehd; gyh kuk; vd
favourite place. Do you see that thick branch Fwpg;gpl;Nld; my;yth> Vnddpy; mJ vdf;F kpfTk;
stretching over the roof? Half way along it there’s gpbj;jkhd tpUg;gj;jpw;Fupa ,lk;. mlu;j;jpahd mjd;
a small hollow in which I used to keep some of fpisnahd;W $iuf;F NkNy nry;tij eP
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my treasures.’ ghu;f;fpwhah? mjd; ghjpJ}uj;jpy; cs;s nghe;jpy; ehd;
‘What kind of treasures?’ vdJ rpy nghf;fp\q;fis gj;jpug;gLj;jp itg;gJ
tof;fk;.’
‘ve;j khjpupahd nghf;fp\q;fs;?’
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‘Oh, nothing very valuable. Marbles I’d won. A book I ‘X mitnahd;Wk; tpiykjpg;Gs;sitay;y. ehd;
wasn’t supposed to read. A few old coins I’d collected. ntd;nwLj;j $ohq;fw;fs;. ehd; gbj;jpuhj Gj;jfq;fs;.
Things came and went. I was a bit of a crow, you ehd; Nrfupj;j rpy gioa ehzaq;fs;. nghUl;fs; te;J
know, collecting bright things and putting them away. Nghapd. ehd; xU fhfj;ijg; Nghy gspr;rpLk;
There was my grandfather’s Iron Cross. Well, not my nghUl;fisnay;yhk; Nrfupj;J itj;jpUe;Njd;. mq;Nf
grandfather’s exactly, because he was British and the ,Ug;gJ vd; jhj;jhtpd; ,Uk;ghyhd rpYitg; gjf;fk;
Iron Cross’ was a German decoration awarded for MFk;. mJ vd; jhj;jhtpDilaJ vd mUjpapl;L
bravery during the War - the First World War when my $wKbahJ. Vnddpy; vd; jhj;jh xU Mq;fpNyau;.
grandfather fought in France. He got it from a German NkYk; me;j ,Uk;G rpYitahdJ xU n[u;khdpa
soldier.’ myq;fhug; nghUs;. Kjy; cyfg;Nghupy; tPu jPu
nrayhw;wpikf;fhf toq;fg;gl;lJ. vdJ jhj;jh
gpuhd;R ehl;by; eilngw;w Nghupy; gq;Nfw;whu;. mjid
mtu; xU n[u;khdpa Nghu; tPuuplkpUe;J ngw;whu;.’
Do you know? cq;fSf;Fj; njhpAkh?
The Param Vir Chakra is the highest wartime guk; tPu; rf;uh vd;gJ kpf cau;e;j Aj;j fhy tPu
gallentry award, given to soldiers of the Indian tpUjhff; fUjg;gLfpwJ. ,t;tpUJ MAjk; jhq;fpa
Armed Forces, for the display of utmost courage tPuupd; ijupaj;ijAk;. Raeykpd;ikiaAk; Nghu;
and complete selflessness when facing the enemy. fhyq;fspy; vjpupia vjpu;nfhs;Sk; nghOJ
Since its inception in 1950, 21 fearless heroes (14 ntspg;gLj;jpaikf;fhf toq;fp nfsutpf;fg;gLfpwJ.
posthumous) have been awarded the medal till 1950-y; ,t;tpUJ njhlq;fg;gl;ljpypUe;J 21
January 2018. Jzpr;ryhd tPuh;fSf;F (14 NgUf;F ,wg;gpw;Fg;
gpwF) [dthp 2018 tiu toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
'Do you still have it?’ ‘,d;Dk; mij itj;Js;sPu;fsh?’
‘No’, he said, looking her in the eyes. ‘I left it ‘,y;iy’ mts; fz;fisg; ghu;j;jthNw mtu; $wpdhu;.
in the jackfruit tree.’ ‘ehd; ,e;j gyh kuj;jpy; jhd; mij tpl;Lr; nrd;Nwd;.’
‘You left it in the tree?’ ‘ePq;fs; mij kuj;jpy; tpl;Lr; (itj;Jr;) nrd;wPuf
; sh?’
‘Yes, I was so excited at the time, packing ‘Mkhk;. ehd; me;j Neuj;jpy; kpfTk; gutrkhf
and saying goodbye to people and thinking ,Ue;Njd;. nghUl;fis vLj;J itg;gjpYk;>
about the ship I was going to sail on that I kf;fsplkpUe;J tho;j;Jg; ngWtjpYk;> ehd; gazk;
simply forgot all about it.’ nra;atpUf;Fk; fg;giy epidj;Jf;nfhz;Lk; ,Ue;jjpy;;
ehd; vspjpy; ,tw;iwnay;yhk; kwe;Jtpl;Nld;.’
‘Yes’, he said. ‘It’s twenty-five years, but it may ‘Mkhk;’> vd mtu; $wpdhu;. ’25 tUlq;fs;
still be there. Unless someone else found it….’ fle;Jtpl;ld. Mdhy; mJ ,d;dKk; ,q;NfNa
,Uf;Fk;> NtW vtUk; ghu;f;fhj tiu....’
‘Would you like to go and look?’ ‘mq;F nrd;W ePq;fs; ghu;f;f tpUk;GfpwPu;fsh?’
‘I can’t climb trees any more.’ ‘vd;dhy; ,dpNky; kuq;fspy; Vw KbahJ.’
‘If you can’t, I will go and see. You just sit here ‘cq;fshy; Kbahnjdpy;> ehd; nrd;W ghu;f;fpNwd;.
and wait for me.’ ePq;fs; ,q;NfNa mku;eJ
; vdf;fhf fhj;jpUq;fs;.’
‘I’ve found it!’ she cried. ‘I’ve found some - thing!’ ‘ehd; mij fz;Lgpbj;Jtpl;Nld;’! vd mts;
$r;rypl;lhs;. ‘ehd; xd;iw fz;Lgpbj;Jtpl;Nld;;’!
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And now, barefoot, she ran breathlessly towards ,g;nghOJ mts; ntWq;fhYld; jdJ ePl;ba ifapy;
him, in her outstretched hand a rusty old medal. JUg;gpbj;j xU gjf;fj;ij vLj;Jf;nfhz;L
He took it from her and turned it over on his palm. %r;rpiwf;f mtiu Nehf;fp Xb tUfpwhs;.
mtsplkpUe;J mjidg; ngw;Wf;nfhz;L jdJ
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cs;sq;ifapy; mjid itj;J jpUg;gpg; ghu;j;jhu;.
‘Is it the Iron Cross?’ she asked eagerly. ‘,Jjhd; me;j ,Uk;Gr; rpYitah?’ vd;whs; Mtyhf.
‘Yes’, he said, ‘this is it.’ ‘Mkhk’;> ‘,J jhd; mJ’> vd;whu; mtu;.
‘Now I know why you came. You wanted to see if ‘ePq;fs; Vd; ,q;F te;Js;sPuf; s; vd;gJ vdf;F
it was still in the tree.’ ,g;nghOJ njupe;Jtpl;lJ. ePq;fs; itj;Jr; nrd;w
rpYit ,d;Dk; kuj;jpNyNa cs;sjh vd ghu;f;f
te;Js;sPu;fs;.’
‘You may be right. I’m not really sure why I came. ‘eP nrhy;tJ$l rupahf ,Uf;fyhk;. ehd; Vd; ,q;F
But you can keep the Cross. You found it, after te;Njd; vd;gJ vdf;F cWjpahfj; njupatpy;iy.
all.’ Mdhy; ePNa ,e;j rpYitia itj;Jf;nfhs;. ePjhNd
,jidf; fz;Lgpbj;jha;.’
PAGE – 31 ‘,y;iyapy;iy. ePq;fNs ,jid
‘No, you keep it. It’s yours.’ itj;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;. ,J cq;fSilaJ.’
‘But it could have remained in the tree for another ‘Mdhy; eP kl;Lk; kuq;fspy; Vwp ,jid
twenty-five years if you hadn’t climbed up to fz;Lgpbj;jpUf;fhtpl;lhy;> NkYnkhU 25 Mz;Lfs;
look for it.’ ,r;rpYit kuj;jpNyNa jhd; ,Ue;jpUf;Fk;.’
‘But if you hadn’t come back again....’ ‘Mdhy;> ePq;fs; jpUk;gtuhky; ,Ue;jpUe;jhs;...’
‘On the right day, at the right time, and with the right ‘rupahd ehspy;> rupahd jUzj;jpy;> NkYk; rupahd
person’, he said, getting up and placing the medal eguplk; jhd;’ vd;w mtu;> me;j rpYit gjf;fj;ij
in her hands. ‘It wasn’t the Cross I came for. It was mtspd; iffspNyNa itj;jhu;.’ ‘ehd; ,e;j
my youth.’ rpYitiaj; Njb tutpy;iy. ehd; vd;
,sikf;fhyj;ij kPsg;ngwNt te;Njd;.’
She didn’t understand that, but she walked with mtshy; mjidg; Gupe;Jnfhs;s Kbatpy;iy. Mdhy;
him to the gate, Where the road turned, he mts; mtUld; thry; fjTtiu ele;J nrd;whs;.
looked back and waved to her. Then he rhiy jpUk;Gkplj;jpy; mtu; jpUk;gpg; ghu;j;J ifia
quickened his steps and moved briskly towards mirj;jhu;. gpd;du; mtu; Ntfkhf NgUe;J epWj;jk;
the bus stop. There was sprightliness in his Nehf;fp mbnaLj;J itj;J ele;jhu;. mtu; eilapNy
step, and something cried aloud in his heart. xU capNuhl;lkpUe;jJ. mtu; kdjpy; VNjhnthd;W
cuf;ff; fj;jpw;W.
The mango scented summer breeze made the Nfhilf;fhyj; njd;wypy; kpje;J te;j khk;go thrk;
blood course in his veins, and he forgot, for a mtuJ ehsq;fSf;Fs; ,uj;j Xl;lj;ij Jupjg;gLj;jpa
moment, that he couldn’t climb trees any more…. jUzj;jpy; jd;dhy; ,dpNky; kuk; Vw KbahJ
vd;gjid mtu; kwe;jhu;....
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disembodied - spiritual, unbodied, intangible appraising - assess
prosperous - flourishing slithered - slide
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outstretched - extended briskly - rapidly
understand - know climb - ascend
swing - sway breeze - air flow
bore foot - without shoes bug - germ
drenched - wet eargerly - willingly
eddies - whirl gallantry - courage
lissom - slim offence - crime
pruning - clipping selflessness - self sacrifice
sprightliness - energy treasures - precious things
witty - humorous
CHOOSE THE BEST SYNONYMS 6. In her outstretched hand a rusty old medal.
1. It was disembodied voice at first. a) fold b) close
a) spiritual b) kind c) tight d) unfold
c) closest d) quarrel 7. There was sprightliness in his step.
2. Moments later a girl stood framed between dark a) activeness b) laziness
red hollyhocks staring at the man. c) sleepy d) tiredness
a) a type of block b) a type of plant 8. He remembered other times - the music of a piano,
c) a type of bricks d) a type of pillar the chiming of a grandfather clock.
3. He should have been a brigadier by now. a) noise b) silent
a) a rank in hospital b) rank in office c) ding dong d) loudness
c) rank in army d) rank in home 9. His grandfather cranking up the old car.
4. Going round and round until he was quite dizzy. a) start b) shout
a) faint b) sleep c) close d) clean
c) happy d) tired 10. He did not look very prosperous.
5. He muttered to himself. a) energetic b) kind
a) whispered b) helped c) wealthy d) cowed
c) laughed d) smiled

prosperous X unsuccessful swing X stillness
outstretched X low brave X coward
cracking X stop drenched X dry
excited X depressed muttered X clear
prune X maximize valuable X invaluable

climb X descend appraising X neglect
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constant X inconstant dizzy X sensible
eagerly X indifferently lissome X clumsy
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offence X non crime slither X stay
witty X foolish
CHOOSE THE BEST ANTONYMS

CHOOSE THE BEST OPTION
1. The old house built with solid blocks of granite.
B. Based on your understanding of the story,
a) new b) damaged
answer the following questions by choosing
c) country d) big
the correct
2. Moments later a girl stood framed between dark
answer.
red hollyhocks staring at the man.
i. The story I Can't Climb Trees Anymore
a) pale b) bright
c) light d) dim highlights the importance of _____
3. It was on the tip of his tongue to make a witty a) old age. b) youth
remark. c) adulthood d) middle age
a) edge b) peak ii. The house which was visited by the man
c) bottom d) cap _____
4. As they walked across the grass he spotted a stone
a) remained unchanged b) was totally
bench under a mango tree.
changed
a) down b) lower
c) beneath d) over c) was slightly repaired d) was given a
5. They were silent for some time. facelift
a) argued b) mum iii. Who said, "A blessing rests on the house where
c) noise d) talkative the shadow of a tree falls"?
6. ‘I don’t want to go inside.’ a) grand mother b) grand father
a) a side b) beside c) uncle d) the narrator
c) outside d) downside
iv. The author came back to the house because he
7. Going round and round until he was quite dizzy.
_____
a) faint b) brisk
c) happy d) tired a) wanted to see the jackfruit tree.
8. In her outstretched hand a rusty old medal. b) was looking for his lost youth.
a. fold b) close c) wanted to look again at his old house
c) tight d) unfold d) wanted to buy the house
9. There was sprightliness in his step. v. He gifted _____ to the little girl
a) activeness b) laziness
a) an iron cross b) a bronze medal
c) sleepy d) tiredness
c) marbles d) old coins
10. He couldn’t climb the tree any more.
a) decline b) decrease
c) get down d) drop
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C- Answer the following questions in a sentence or two.
1. Explain: “Blessings rest on the house where the shadow of a tree falls”-
It is good to have plants around the house.
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2. What did the writer oberve about the house?
The writer observed that the solid blocks of granite in the house was not altered.
There were fewer trees remained.
3. What was the local superstition about trees?
The superstition about trees was that the house would be blessed if the shadow of the tree fell on it.
4. What did the narrator do with the turnstile wen he was a boy?
When he was a boy, the narrator used to swing on the turnstile.
5. Who is the owner of the house now?
A colonel is the owner of the house now.
6. Why did the narrator return to his old house?
The narrator returned to his old house to find his lost youth.
7. How did he get back the iron Cross?
The little girl climbed up the jackfruit tree and got back the iron cross.
8. Who did the house belong to originally?
The house belonged to the writer’s grandmother originally.
9. What did he do with the old iron Cross?
He kept the old iron cross in the jackfruit tree.
10. Where had he left his childhood treasures?
He had left his childhood treasures in the jackfruit tree.
around - Rw;wp remained - mg;gbaNa ,Ue;jJ swing - CQ;ry; turnstile - RoYk; thapw; fjT climbed up -
Vwpdhh; jackfruit tree- gyh kuk;
1. Who is the girl in the story?

The girl is the daughter of the colonel who is the owner of the house.
2. What kind of relationship did the man have with that house?
The man’s grandmother was the owner of the house before twenty four years.
3. What was the specialty of the stone bench?
Stone bench was the place where his grandma used to sit and take rest.
4. Why did the middle aged man feel young today?
The middle aged man felt young today because he came to his ancestral house, where he enjoyed
his childhood.
5. Which was the favorite place for the man?

Jackfruit tree was the favorite place for the man.
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6. Why the man stepped very fast?
The man stepped very fast to reach the bus stop.
7. What smell he had while leaving the place?
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The man smelled the mangoes from the mango tree while he was leaving the place.
ancestral house - guk;giu tPL childhood - Foe;ijg; gUtk; reach - nrd;wiltJ
I. THINK AND WRITE

Based on the story and your own ideas write your answers in about 80 to 100 words each
1. Imagine yourself as the writer. Narrate the story of your visit to your ancestral house.
Oneday, I went to my ancestral house. When I was young, it was owned by my grandmother. Before
10years, it was sold. After that I didn’t get chance to visit. It had been changed a lot. While we used, there was
no fence. Now a fence was raised. The house was painted in green. They constructed the upstairs. The only
thing remained there was the trees around the house. The neem tree, coconut tree and the teak tree were there
itself. I was happy. It looked as if I found my old friends.
b. The man who came to the house gave the cross as a gift to the girl. Why did he do this? What do you
think would have happened if he had taken back the cross with him?
The man who came to the house gave the cross as a gift to the girl. Because, the girl was kindful. While
the author was watching the house, the girl invited him to come inside the house. They walked inside the
garden. They talked about the trees. So, he liked her and gave her the cross. Instead of that, if he hadn’t given
the cross to her, he might have been ambitious. The cross was the symbol of his youth. It was lost for ever. It
was a memory. If he had that cross with him, he would always long for the youth.
C.What are the benefits of growing and preserving trees? Use ideas from what you have read so far and
your own ideas.
There are many benefits in growing and preserving trees. The trees give oxygen to breath, fruits to eat and
shade to take rest. Each and every parts of the trees are useful. They are the landmark of the house. The
children like to play in the trees. They are their secret place to hide. Moreover, they are their true friends.
Lesson : I can’t climb trees any more

Author : Ruskin Bond
Genre : Auto biography
Theme : Recollecting childhood memories
A man comes in search of -his old house. There he lived for three years but it is a memorable one.
While watching the house a young girl of that house comes there. She is the daughter of a Colonel. With
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her help he visits the garden. He remembers his grandparents and a jack tree. He used to keep his
valuable things in the jack tree. He searches for an old rusty metal cross. That girl finds it for him. He
returns it to her and goes out of the house with a heavy heart. He misses his youth.
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Valuable - tpiykjpg;gw;w rusty - Jug;gpbj;j heavy heart - fdj;j kdJld;
SLOW LEARNERS
 An old man watches his old house.

 A girl of that house allows him in.
 She is the daughter of a colonel, the owner.
 He remembers his grandparents.
 He finds a rusty cross in the jack tree.
 Returns it to her.
 He goes out with heavy heart.
A B
1 pruning soaked
A. Based on your understanding of the story, 2 chiming shaky
indicate either'T' (True) or 'F'(False) against the 3 drenched flourishing
columns. T/F 4 dizzy life
1. The narrator had hidden a few old coins in the tree. 5 prosperous emit a sound
False. 6 sprightliness trimming a plant
2. The jack fruit tree was still there. True 7 prosperous ancient
3. As a boy the narrator used to swing on the turnstile. 8 treasure bell, gong
True 9 chiming a collection of precious things
4. The narrator had sold the house. True 10 rusty well- off
5. A girl came out of the house. True
E. Read these shortened forms of words and write
6. The narrator's grandfather used to sit on the stone
the full form for the remaining words and complete
bench. False
the table given below.
7. The narrator was able to remember the music of a
won't : will not
piano. True
I'd : I had / I would
8. The narrator was able to climb the jack fruit tree.
I'll : I will
False
i you'd you had
9. The purpose of the visit of the narrator was to buy his
ii they've They have
ancestral house back. False
iii he'd He had
10. The narrator climbed over the wall easily. False
D. Match the words in column A with the meanings iv wasn't was not
in column B by drawing a line as shown. v he's He is
vi aren't are not

vii isn't is not
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viii doesn't does not
ix wouldn't would not
x can't can not
F. Now choose the correct option and put a thick

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mark () above it.
1. The poet used to play in the house when she was
young / lazy .
2. The flowers mentioned in the poem are roses / holly
hocks.
3. The poet used to go home for tea / lunch.
4. Muffins / grapes were the favourite food of the poet.
5. Life was beautiful / happy when the poet was young.
6. There was plenty of time to gaze / walk in the field.
G. You are visiting the primary school where you Creative writing
studied classes I to IV, after six years. You get a J. Write a letter to your friend describing your
chance to go to your standard two classroom and ancestral house.
you are permitted to sit at the same place where
2 June 2018,
you used to sit.
Madurai,
. What would you remember?
Dear Friend,
ii. Describe your feelings at that time.
iii. Who do you miss very badly, your friends or Hai, How are you? I am fine. Hope you
teachers? the same. Recently, I had visited my ancestral
iv. Share your thoughts with the class. house which is in the village. The field around
were full of smiling corn fields of wheat and
gram. All there presented a beautiful sight.
H. On seeing these pictures, you would have
Some birds were flying about filling the
gone down your memory lane. Write a
atmosphere with their chirping. I worke up
paragraph in about 50 words describing
early in the morning. Having breakfast with
your favorite sport when you were young.
milk. Women were drawing water and
My favourite sport is football. I love the game of
humming sweet songs. At some distance was
football, it is a fun game to watch and play. The game is
also a Physical goame to play I love to be physical. And
the village tank. There, women were seen
also football brings people together. My love for the washing clothes and spreading them out in the
game is one of the biggest reasons. All my life I have sun to dry. I stayed in the village for ten days
been playing football, from the backyard to high school. and then came back full of memories. I was
It also has provided me with a lot of memories that I given and affectionate farewell. I hope when
will never forget; one memory is winning our you had read, you also visualize the image of
conference my junior level in high school. That is our village and our house. If you wish, you
something I will never forget. will come along with me next time.
Yours lovingly,
xxxx
Address on the envelope

To
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xxxx
xxxx
xxxx
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K. Given below are four headlines and information about four young National Bravery Award winners.
Match the headline to the passages and write it in the space provided.
Little Girl Big Prowess Unlucky Boy Saves Two
Lad Rescues Kin From Leopard Smart Sense Saves Sibling
1. Smart Sense Saves Sibling

Fourteen – year –old Siya Vamansa Khode from Dharwad, Karnataka risked her own life to save
her 2-year –old brother from certain death due to electrocution. In April 2015. Siya was playing hide and
seek with her cousins when she decided to go to the rooftop. The toddler followed her; but after playing
for a while she suddenly realized that her brother was now here to be seen to find him in contact with a
live wire, she held him by his shirt (she knew touching him directly meant risking her own death) and
pulled him away to safety. For her exemplary thinking, she was awarded the National Bravery Award.
2. Lad Reuses Kin From Leopard

When 15-years –old Sumit Mamgain's older cousin Ritesh was being dragged away by a leopard
at Manoharpur in Uttarakhand, he told Sumit to run away and save his life. But the brave lad decided to
fight the leopard and save his cousin's life. Holding its tail, he hit it with a sickle. When the leopard
charged towards him, he kept pelting stones at the animal till it finally ran away. For his exemplary
courage, Mamgain was awarded the Sanjay Chopra Award.
3. Little Girl = Big Prowess

On May 19, 2016, 9-year-old Tarh Peeju drowned while saving her friends Phasing Marry and
Tarh Charu when they attempted to cross Pachin River in Naharlagun. A Class IV student at Alphabet
Public School in Nirjuli, Tarh Jumped into the turbulent river and dragged both Marry and Charu to
safety. However, she herself was submerged and swept downstream by the strong current of the river.
Displaying unbelievable courage, Tarh sacrificed her life in saving her friends and was posthumously
conferred the Bharat Award (the top honor at the National Bravery Awards).
4. Unlucky Boy saves Two
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On july 22, 2003, 11-year-old Kandha Kumar of Karur district in Tamil Nadu was returning
home in his school van. The van broke down in the middle of an unmanned level crossing and seeing the
train approaching, the van driver panicked and fled, leaving seven school children trapped. The class VII
boy immediately jumped off the van and rescued two children. But, while he was trying to help other
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children, the train rammed into the van killing Kandha Kumar, three children and a helper. For his valiant
act, he was awarded the National Bravery Award posthumously.
I. In pairs, discuss what is common about all these incidents you have just read. Complete the chart below with
the characteristic features of an act of bravery. (One example is given for you.)
Selflessness
Smart
Courage
Thinking
Act of
Bravery
Adventure Chivalay
Valiant
M. Based on your reading answer the following questions in a sentence or two.

1. Is mountaineering a dangerous sport?. Why? (para 1)
Yes, mountaineering is a dangerous sport.
2. What is frostabite? (para 2)
Forstbite is an injury that is caused by exposure of parts of the body to the cold. The cold causes freezing of your
skin and underlying tissues. Your fingers, toes and feet are most commonly affected.
3. What are the qualities of a good climber?
As one climbs higher and higher, breathing becomes more and more difficult.
They should carry with them maps, compasses and other equipment. They must by in good physical condition and
should possess courage, perseverance and power of endurance. They also carry first aid supplies food and extra clothing.
4. What do climbers carry with them? (Para 4)
The climbers carry with them first add kits, food and clothing suitable to the weather.
5. Where are the highest peaks in India? (Para 5)
The highest peaks in India are in Himalayas? the mount Everst is the highest peak in the world which is in Nepal.
N. Here is story about a holiday adventure. The paragraphs are jumbled. Rearrange them to form a meaningful
story.
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Healthy, wholesome, calorific
A: Riya's family had a nice

little holiday home near the B: She saw water and dolphins C: One day Riya and
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sea – shore. The weather all around. "How deep!" she Jody took a boat from
was fine and the children thought. the beach to a small
went swimming every day. island. It was a nice
E: Riya wanted to row back but

D: "Did you see that! That F: While they were
she lost her balance and fell into
dolphin saved your life!" shouted rowing along the
the water. Jody started to cry and
Jody when she was back in their coastline, a strong
didn't know what to do, "Uh!"
boat. "I can't believe it". said wind caught the boat
cried Jody. Riya couldn't swim!
Riya. And they rowed back to the and took it out to the
"Help! Help!" cried Jody.
beach as fast as they could. open sea.
G: Her leg was caught in Finish the story on your own!

seaweed! Just then, a Riya and Jody narrated to their
dolpin quickly came to parents what had happened
rescue her. The dolphin They were happy.
took Riya on its mouth and
took her up to the boat. It
made a loud noise and
swam away. Put the texts in Identify and write down the words!
the correct Beach seas and sun towel ocean swim wave
order! umbrella sunglasses relax fun swim suits boat
1= text : H suntan sea shells icecream coast sea weed
H: Last summer Riya surfing beach, sea, sand, sun, towel, ocean,
2= text : A
swim wave, umbrella, sunglasses, relex, fun,
spent her holidays 3= text : C swim, suits, boat, suntan, seashells, icecream,
together with her 4= text : B coast, seawood, surfing.
parents and her little 5= text : F
brother. They went to 6= text : E
the coast. 7= text : G
8= text : D
B. Give your opinion and compare the items in 2.

eacdh picture using –er.more, less, or an
irregular form. Use the words, You may
form your sentences in more than one way.
1.
3.
F. Work with a partner. Match the words and

4. pictures by writing the numbers in the space
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provided. Use and encyclopedia to find out more
about these adventure sports.
Name of the How it is played!
Sport
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5. Hang Gliding It is also known as powered
paragliding. enables you to fly
like a bird with the help of a
powered paraglider.
Jet Skiing A small machine like a
Healthy, wholesome, calorific
motorcycle the can travel on the
a) Vegetables are healthier than pizza.
surface of water.
b) They are whole some food.
Rock An activity in which participants
c) Fast food items are more calorific Climbing climb up, down or across rocks
eco - friendly, economical, safer or aritificial rock walls.
a) Cycle Riding is eco – friendly Bungee It is and activity that involves
b) cycle is more economical than bike Jumping jumping from a tall structure
c) cycle riding is safer than bike riding while connected to a large elastic
educational, interesting, trendy cord.
a) Radio is more educational than cell phone. Scuba Diving It is a form of underwater diving
b) Mobile is more interesting than Radio. where the diver uses a breathing
c) Mobile phone using is trendy. apparatus.
safe, comfortable, quick Kite Surfing It is a wind powered surface
a) Train travel is safer than bus travel watersport using a kite and a
b) Train is more comfortable than bus board to move across the water.
Para Motoring It is an air sport in which a pilot
c) Bus is quicker than a train
flies a light, non-motorized, foot
cozy, costly, sturdy
– launched. heavier-than-air
a) Sofa is cozier than a stool
aircraft.
b) Sofa is costlier than a stool
c) Stool is more sturdy than a sofa G. Complete the following table with information
from the anecdote about Mr Scotti's short trip.
D. Listen to the conversation between Leena and her
mother and list down a few new words. Using a Name Nicholas Scotti
dictionary find out the meaning for thouse Occupation Journalist
words.
Reason for his trip To Visit his cousing
New Word Meaning
Means of transport Plane
Versatile able to adapt to
Destination To Go To Cousing house
different activities
Kuritage tradition H. Circle the best option.
1. In New York Mr Scotti left the plane because he
adventures exciting experience
thought he
Savour Enjoy
a) had to change the plane. b) was in Rome.
brooding Deep thought c) had to phone his cousins d) changed his mind.
Bungee jumpin Jumping from a Bridge
2. He decided to find his cousins' home without their All I can do is try. Non-finite Verb
help. He asked the policeman for information in If she tried, she would Finite Verb
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Italian because he succeed.
a) thought he was in Italy.
b) knew the policeman. K. Read the following pairs of sentences.
c) didn't speak any other language.  Travelling might satisfy your desire for new
experiences.
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d) liked the language.
3. On the next day, My Scotti was __________ at how  The studyabroad program might satisfy your
the local people responded to his queries. desire for new experiences.
a) surprised b) unhappy Identify the subject in the first sentence Travelling.
c) glad d) upset  They do not appreciate my singing.
4. Circle three words that best describe Mr. Scotti  They do not appreciate my assistance.Identify
Clever/Unlucky/ Stupid/ Successful/ Miserable/ the direct object in the first sentence My
Happy singing
J. Look at the action words in bold. Identify whether  My cat's favourite activity is sleeping.
they are either finite or non – finite verb.  My cat's favourite food is salmon.
They want to try a Non In finite Verb Identify the subject complement in the first sentence
new approach Sleeping
 The police arrested him for speeding.
Trying is easy Non – Infinite Verb
 The police arrested him for criminal activity.
Having tried Finite Verb
Identify the object of the preposition in the first
everything, he gave up sentence for speeding.
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William John Francis Naughton, known as Bill Naughton (1910-1992)
(1910 1992) was an
Irish –born
born British Playwright and author. He worked as a weaver, coal –bagger
and lorry driver before he started writing. His preferred environment was working
class society, which is reflected in much of his work. He wrote many novels, short
stories, plays and children's books. He is best known for the play Alfie. His 1977,
children's novel My pal Spadger is an account of his childhood in 1920s Bolton
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When the police man entered,
Clem - Clever man
there was no oranges
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SEVENTEEN The author swallowed the 17
Clem cheated Pongo, the
ORANGES oranges
Police man
The Police man went outside

He took a large dutch cheese
to call another man
instead of a cat in a box
He was caught by the police

Author has stolen 17 oranges
and locked inside the room
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Clem Jones was a clever man. One day, he designed a plan to steal a large Dutch cheese. At first, he came out of the
docks with a box. Pongo, the policeman stopped him. He asked him what was inside the box. He replied that a cat was in
the box. Pongo didn't believe him. He ordered Clem to open the box. A cat jumped from the box. Clem ran after the cat.
Two minutes later, he came back with the same box. He saw Pongo. He smiled at him. But, Clem looked angrily at him.
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He went to the kitchen. He opened a large Dutch cheese that was hidden in the box. In the same way, one day, the
narrator carried seventeen oranges in his pockets from the docks. As his apron string was broken, Pongo could see his
bulged trouser pockets. He took the narrator to his cabin. He counted the seventeen oranges and placed them on the table.
He enquired him. But, the narrator didn's say anything. Pongo locked the door. He went outside to call another police for
witness. The narrator was very much worried. Suddenly, a voice in his head ordered him to eat the evidence. He had
swallowed all the oranges before Pongo came. The two men could smell the oranges. There were no oranges. So, the
narrator was left free.
PROSE ENGLISH EXPLANATION ghlk; jkpo; tphpthf;fk;

In the story “Seventeen Oranges” let us see if the narrator 'gjpNdO MuQ;Rfs;" vd;w ,f;fijapy; fij
is able to cleverly manage a tricky situation or not Mrphpah; jhd; re;jpf;Fk; ,f;fl;lhd #o;epiyfis
kpfTk; rhkh;jj; pakhf vjph;nfhz;Ls;shuh? vd;gij
ghh;g;Nghk;.
Oranges! I was fond of them. I used to eat them all day MuQ;Rfs;‚ vdf;F mitfis kpfTk; gpbf;Fk;.
and every day. But one day a police man found seventeen ehd;mitfis jpdrhp kw;Wk; ehs; KOtJk;
oranges hidden away in my pockets. He locked me up and rhg;gpLk; gof;fj;ij nfhz;bUe;Njd;. Mdhy; xU
I have never eaten an orange again. ehs; xU fhtyh; ehd; vdJ igapd; kiwj;J
itj;jpUe;j gjpNdO MuQ;Rfis fz;Lgpbj;J
I want to tell you the story.
tpl;lhd;. mth; vd;id milj;J itj;Jtpl;lhh;
I was driving a little pony-and-cart for the Swift Delivery kw;Wk; me;j epfo;tpypUe;J ehd; MuQ;R rhg;gpLtJ
Company, and I often went in and out of the docks. fpilahJ. ehd; cq;fSf;F me;j fijia $w
I was not really a thief. But I usually left the docks with tpUk;GfpNwd;. tpiuthf Ngha; nrYj;Jk; Xh;
something under my apron. I had made the apron myself epWtdj;jpy; ehd; xU rpwpa Fjpiu tz;bia
and it was a big one. Xl;bf; nfhz;bUe;Njd; kw;Wk; me;j fg;gy;
epWtdj;jpypUe;J mbf;fb cs;s ntspNa nrd;W
tUNtd;. ehd; cz;ikapypna xU jpUld; ,y;iy.
Mdhy;> ehd; nghJthf me;j fg;gy; Jiwia
tpl;L ntspNa nry;Yk; nghOJ vdJ Nky;
rl;ilapd; cs;Ns rpy nghUs;fis itj;jpUg;Ngd;.
ehNd me;j Nky; Milia jahhpj;Njd; kw;Wk; mJ
kpfg;nghpa Nky; Mil.
When there was a banana boat in the docks, I drove my fg;gy;Jiwapy; xU thiog;gok; Vw;wpa glF xd;W
little cart beside it. ,Ue;j nghOJ> ehd; vd;Dila rpwpa tz;bia
Sometimes bunches of bananas fell to the ground. Often me;j glfpd; mUfpy; nrYj;jpNdd;. rpy rkaj;jpy;
my friends kicked a bunch to me from the boat. I always thiog;go nfhj;Jf;fs; jiuapy; tpOe;jd. mbf;fb
vd;Dila ez;gh;fs; glfpypUe;J thiog;go
picked up the bananas quickly and hid them under my
nfhj;Jf;fis vdf;fhf ciog;ghh;fs;. ehd;
apron.
cldbahf me;j thiog;goq;fis vLj;J
Then I spent the rest of the day eating bananas. I liked vd;Dila Nky; rl;ilia cs;Ns itj;J
bananas, but I like oranges best of all. kiwj;JtpLNtd;. gpwF kPjp ,Uf;Fk; me;j ehspy;
I only took things when I found them. But some people me;j thiog;goq;fis rhg;gpl;L
nghOijf;fopg;Ngd;. ehd; thiog;goq;fis kpfTk;
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planned a theft very carefully. Clem Jones was a careful
planner. Let me tell you about Clem. tpUk;gpNdd;. Mdhy; kw;w goq;fis tpl ehd;
MuQ;R goq;fis kpfTk; tpUk;GfpNwd;. ehd;
One day Clem was coming out of the docks. He was
vjph;ghuhky; fPNotpOk; goq;fis kl;LNk vLg;Ngd;.
carrying a box. ‘What have you got in here?’ asked Pongo Mdhy; rpy Ngh; ,ij kpfTk; Neh;jj ; pahf
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the policeman. jpl;lkpl;Nl nra;thh;fs;. mjpy; fpsk; N[hd;];
‘A cat,’ replied Clem. ‘Please don’t make me open the vd;gth; kpfTk; ftdkhf jpl;lkpLgth;. ehd; me;j
box. The cat will run away. fpsk; gw;wp cq;fSf;F $WfpNwd;. xU ehs; fg;gy;
‘A cat?’ Pongo said. I don’t believe you. Open the box.’ JiwapypUe;J fpsk; ntspNa te;J
‘But the cat will run away,’ Clem said again. nfhz;bUe;jhd;. mtdplk; xU ngl;b ,Ue;jJ.
There is'nt a cat in the box, replied pongo. ‘open it up’. Nghq;Nfh (fhtyh;) me;j ngl;bapy; vd;d ,Uf;fpwJ
vd;W fpsk; ,lk; Nfl;lhh;? me;j ngl;bapd; cs;Ns
xU G+id ,Uf;fpwJ vd;W fpsk; gjpyspj;jhd;
kw;Wk; me;j ngl;bia jpwf;f nrhy;yhjPhf ; s;.
mjw;Fk; kPwp jpwe;jhy; ngl;bapy; cs;Ns ,Uf;Fk;
me;jG+id ntspNa XbtpLk; vd;Wk; $wpdhd;.
G+idah? ehd; cd;id ek;gkhl;Nld; ngl;bia jpw
vd;W Nghq;Nfh $wpdhd;. Mdhy; me;j G+id
XbtpLk; vd;W fpsk; gjpyspj;jhh;. ngl;bapy; cs;Ns
G+id fpilahJ. ngl;bia jpw vd;W Nghq;Nfh
gjpyspj;jhh;.
Clem got very angry, but finally opened his box. Out fpsk; kpfTk; Nfhgk; mile;jhd;. Mdhy;
jumped a ship’s cat. The cat ran bank into the docks. ,Wjpahf mtUila ngl;bia jpwe;jhd;. G+id
Clem ran after the cat. He was shouting angrily. ntspNa Fjpj;J me;j epWtdj;jpd; cs;Ns XbaJ.
Two minutes later, Clem came back with the same box. fpsk; Nfhgkhf fj;jpf;nfhz;Nl me;j G+idapd;
gpd;dhy; Xbdhd;. ,uz;L epkplq;fs; fopj;J mNj
He was holding the lid down tightly. Pongo laughed at him
ngl;bAld; fpsk; jpUk;gp te;jhh;. ngl;bapd; %bia
and Clem looked at him furiously. Clem looked angry all
,Uf;fkhfgpbj;jpUe;jhd;. Nghq;nf mtiu ghh;j;J
the way home. Then he smiled. He opened the box in the rphpj;jhh;. Mdhy; fpsk; mthpd; Nky;f likahd
kitchen and took out a large Dutch cheese Nfhgk; nfhz;lhh;. fpsk; mtUila tPl;bw;F tUk;
tiu Nfhgj;Jld; fhzg;gl;lhh;. tPl;bw;F te;j
cld; rphpj;jhh;. rikay; miwf;F nrd;W me;j
ngl;bia jpwe;J cs;Ns ,Uf;Fk; nghpa cyh;e;j
ghyhilf; fl;bia ntspNa vLj;jhh;.
That was Clem’s story. But I was not so lucky. Pongo, ,J jhd; fpskj; cila fij. Mdhy; vdf;F
the policeman, caught me red-handed because my apron mjph;\lk; fpilahJ. Nghq;Nfh (me;j fhtyh;)
string broke. He noticed that my trouser pockets were vd;id ifAk;> fsTkhf gpbj;jhh;. Vndd;why;
somewhat bulging. vdJ Nky; rl;ilapd; fapW fpope;jJ.
vdJfhw;rl;il rw;W tPf;fkhf ,Ue;jijaAk;>
‘Hey! Wait a minute,’ Pongo shouted.
mjd; cs;Ns rpy nghUs; ,Ug;gijAk; mth;
He caught me by the collar, took me into his cabin nearby fz;lwpe;jhh;. Va;‚ xU epkplk; nghU vd;W Nghq;Nfh
and looked into my pockets. There were seventeen fj;jpdhh;. vdJ fhyiu gpbj;J mtUila miwf;F
oranges. Pongo counted them and placed them carefully vd;id ,Oj;Jr; nrd;W> vd;Dila rl;ilapd;
on the table. igfis Nrhjpj;jhh;. mq;Nf gjpNdO MuQ;R
‘Too many people are stealing from the docks, 'Pongo goq;fs; ,Ue;jd. Nghq;Nfh mitfis ftdkhf
said, 'You've stolen these oranges and concealed them in xt;nthd;whf vz;zp jdJ Nkirapd; NkNy
your pocket. Have you anything to say?’ itj;jhh;. vd;id Nghy; mjpfkhd kdpjh;fs;
epWtdj;jpy; ,Ue;J jpUbf;nfhz;L ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;.
eP ,e;j MuQ;Rfis jpUb cdJ rl;il igapy;

kiwj;J itj;Js;sha;. ,ijg;gw;wp VNjDk; $w
tpUk;Gfpwhah vd;W Nghq;Nfh Nfl;lhh;.
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I said nothing. I was very frightened, but I kept quiet. I had ehd; xd;Wk; $wtpy;iy vdf;F kpfTk; kpuz;L
read a lot of detective stories to make the mistake of Ngha; ,Ue;Njd;. Mdhy; mikjpahf ,Ue;Njd;.
blabbing. Anything you say may be used as evidence czUk; jtWfis cUthf;f ehd; mjpfkhf
against you. I knew that the best plan was to say nothing. Jg;gwpAk; fijfis gbj;jpUe;Njd;. eP nrhy;Yk;
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xt;nthd;Wk; cdf;F ehd; rhl;rpahf mila $Lk;.
‘So you won’t say anything,’ said Pongo. ‘I’m going to
mjdhy; rpwe;j Nahrid xd;Wk; $whky;
bring another policeman here. He’ll be a witness against
mikjpahf ,Ug;gJ vd;W vdf;F njhpe;jJ.
you, when I bring up this case in the court.’
eP vJTk; $w khl;lha;. ehd; Ngha; kw;nwhU
Pongo left the cabin and locked the door behind him. I fhtyiu ,q;F mioj;J tUfpNwd;. ehd; ,e;j
was very worried. tof;if ePjpkd;wj;jpy; nfhz;LtUk; nghOJ> mth;
I looked at the walls. I looked at the door. I looked at the cdf;F vjpuhf rhl;rp mikthh;. Nghq;Nfh jdJ
seventeen oranges, and I looked at the apron with its miwiatpl;L fpk;gpdhh; kw;Wk; mthpd; gpd;dhy;
broken string. cs;s fjTfis G+l;bdhh;. ehd; kpfTk;
ftiyg;gl;Nld;.
ehd; RtUfis cw;W Nehf;fpNdd;. ehd; me;j
fjTfis cw;W Nehf;fpNdd;. ehd; me;j gjpNdO
MuQ;Rg;goq;fis cw;W Nehf;fpNdd; kw;Wk; Nky;
rl;ilapy; fpopj;J fhzg;gl;lJ. fapw;wpid cw;W
Nehf;fpNdd;.
I’ll lose my job, I thought. Perhaps I’ll go to prison. ehd; vdJ Ntiyia ,og;Ngd;. mjw;F gjpyhf
What will my father say? rpiwf;F nry;Ntd; vd;W epidj;Njd;. vd;Dila
What will my father do? mg;gh vd;d nrhy;thh;? vd;Dila mg;gh vd;d
nra;thh;? ,e;j gpur;ridfspy; ,Ue;J jg;gpf;f
I almost gave up the hope of escaping from the trouble. I
KbAk; vd;w ek;gpf;ifia Vwf;Fiwa ehd;
was locked in the cabin and the oranges were on the table.
,oe;Njd;. miwapy; ehd; fl;lg;gl;bUe;Njd;. kw;Wk;
Pongo had gone to bring a witness. I was in trouble. me;j MuQ;R goq;fs; Nkirapd; NkNy
‘Oh, my God!’ I said. itf;fg;gl;bUe;jd. Nghq;Nfh rhl;rpia
‘What can I do?’ $l;bf;nfhz;L tUtjw;fhf nrd;wpUe;jhh;. ehd;
‘Eat the oranges’, said a voice in my head. ‘Eat the gpur;ridapy; ,Ue;Njd;. flTNs‚ehd; vd;d nra;a
evidence.’ KbAk;? me;j MuQ;Rg;goq;fis rhg;gpl;L> me;j
‘Eat them?’ I asked. rhl;rpia rhg;gpL vd;W vdJ jiyapy; xU
rj;jk;Nfl;lJ. mitfis rhg;gpLtjh? vd;W ehd;
‘Yes,’ said the voice in my head. ‘Eat them and the
Nfl;Nld; Mk; vd;W ve;jrj;jk; vdJ jiyapy;
evidence will be gone. Be quick! Eat them all.’ I thought
nrhd;dJ. mitfis rhg;gpL rhl;rp kiwag;gLk;.
for half a second. Then I took an orange. I peeled it and
kpfTk; Ntfkhf? midj;ijAk; rhg;gpL. ehd; rpwpa
put it in my mouth. Soon, only the pips were left. Neuk; rpe;jpj;Njd;. gpwF mjd; Njhiy cwpj;J vdJ
thapy; itj;Njd;. tpiutpy;> goq;fspd; Njhy;fs;
kl;Lk; kpQ;rpaJ.
‘You have to swallow the pips too,’ said the voice in my eP me;j NjhiyAk; Nrh;jJ
; tpOq;f
head ‘You have to swallow the pips and the peel. You Ntz;bapUf;fpwJ vd;W jiyapy; cs;s me;j rj;jk;
have to swallow all the evidence.’ nrhd;dJ. midj;J Njhy;fisAk; chpj;J tpOq;f
‘Yes, of course,’ I said. Ntz;bapUf;fpwJ. eP midj;J rhl;rpfisAk;
tpOq;f Ntz;bapUf;fpwJ.Mk;> fz;bg;ghf vd;W
I swallowed the pips and put some of the peel in my
ehd; nrhd;Ndd;. ehd; chpj;j RisfisAk;>
mouth.
Njhy;fisAk; vdJ thapy; Nghl;L
‘Don’t eat it!’ said the voice. ‘There isn’t time. Swallow it! tpOq;fpNdd;.,ij rhg;gplhNj vd;W me;j rj;jk;
Be quick! Swallow it!’ nrhd;dJ. mjw;fhd Neuk; fpilahJ. tpOq;fp tpL
I took a small knife from my pocket and cut the oranges mij ! kpf Ntfkhf ! mij tpOq;F! ehd;
into large chunks. I swallowed the pieces of oranges one vd;Dila rl;il igapype;J xU fj;jpia vLj;J
me;j MuQ;Rfis nghpa Jz;Lfshf ntl;bNdd;.
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after the other.
me;j ntl;ba Jz;Lfis xd;wpd; gpd; xd;whf
There were still three oranges on the table when I heared
ehd; tpOq;fpNdd;.ehd; Nghq;Nfhtpd; rj;jj;ij
Pongo outside. I stopped. My stomach was nearly full. ‘Be
ntspapy; Nfl;l NghJ ,d;Dk; %d;W MuQ;Rfs;
quick! Swallow them!’ said the voice in my head.
Nkirapd; ,Ue;jd. ehd; rhg;gpLtij epWj;jpNdd;.
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I was lucky. Pongo and the other policeman had seen vd;Dila tapW rw;W epiwthfNt ,Ue;jJ. kpf
some carts at the dock gate. They went and talked to the tpiuthf!mitfis tpOq;F!vd;W vdJ jiyapy;
drivers. This gave me a few more minutes. me;j rj;jk; $wpaJ. ehd; xU mjp\;lf;fhud;.
I must swallow all the oranges, I thought. Only three left! Nghq;Nfh kw;Wk; kw;w fhty;fhuh;fs; me;j
I swallowed the first one, and then the second one. epWtdj;jpd; EioT thapypy; rpy tz;bfis
Suddenly the door began to open. I went through a great ghh;j;jdh;. mth;fs; mq;F nrd;W me;j Xl;Ldhplk;
deal of struggle and finally managed to finish off the last Ngrpdhh;fs;. ,J vdf;F ,d;Dk; rpy
piece of the last orange. Pongo and the other policeman kzpj;Jspfis nfhLj;jJ. ehd; me;j midj;J
MuQ;RfisAk; fz;bg;ghf tpOq;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W
walked in.
epidj;Njd;. %d;W kl;LNk; kPjk; ,Ue;jd! ehd;
‘This is the thief.’ Pongo said. ‘I caught him with his
Kjy; xd;iw tpOq;fpNdd;> mLj;jjhf
pockets full of oranges’.
,uz;lhtijAk; tpOq;fpNdd;. vjph;ghuhj tpjkhf
fjTfs; jpwf;f Muk;gpj;jd. Nghuhl;lj;jpd; cila
rthYf;Nf ehd; nrd;Nwd;. kw;Wk; filrpahf>
filrp MuQ;Rg;goj;jpd; ,Wjp Risia Kbj;J
tpl;Nld;. Nghq;Nfh kw;Wk; gpw fhtyh;fs; cs;Ns
te;jhh;fs;. ,Jjhd; Fw;wthsp vd;W Nghq;Nfh
$wpdhd;. ,tUila rl;ilg; igapy; MuQ;Rfs;
,Uf;Fk; nghOJ ehd; ,tid gpbj;Njd; vd;W
$wpdhh;.
Then Pongo looked at the table and at first, he could not gpwF Nghq;Nfh me;j Nkiria cw;W Nehf;fpdhh;
figure out what had happened. ‘Where are the oranges?’ vd;d ele;jJ. me;j MuQ;Rfs; vq;Nf? vd;W
‘I can smell them,’ said the other policeman. mtuhy; fzpf;fKbatpy;iy. ehd; me;j
thridia Efu KbfpwJ vd;W kw;nwhU fhtyh;
I said nothing.
$wpdhh;. ehd; xd;Wk; $wtpy;iy. Nghq;Nfh vy;yh
Pongo looked everywhere for the oranges. He looked in ,lq;fspYk; me;j MuQ;Rfis Njbdhh;.
my pockets. He looked in my apron. But he didn’t find vd;Dila rl;il igapy; mth; Njbdhh; vd;Dila
one orange. Finally, Pongo understood what had Nkw;rl;ilapy; mth; Njbdhh;. Mdhy; mtuhy; xU
happened. But it was very difficult to believe. MuQ;R goj;ij $l fz;Lgpbf;ftpy;iy.
‘Seventeen Oranges!’ he said. ‘Seventeen big oranges!’ filrpahf> Nghq;Nfh vd;d ele;jpUf;Fk; vd;W
How did you eat them all? Ghpe;J nfhz;lhh;. Mdhy; mJ ek;Gtjw;F kpfTk;
I said nothing. Pongo was not able to send me to prison. fbdkhf ,Ue;jJ. gjpNdO MuQ;Rfs; ! gjpNdO
There was no evidence. nghpa MuQ;Rfs;! vg;gb mit midj;ijAk;
Pongo became angry and shouted at me. But I didn’t say a rhg;gpl;lha;? vd;W mth; Nfl;lhh;. ehd; xd;Wk;
word. In the end, he had to let me go. $wtpy;iy. Nghq;Nfh vd;id rpiwf;F mDg;g
Kbatpy;iy mq;F ve;j xU rhl;rpAk; ,y;iy.
I told Clem Jones about the seventeen oranges.
Nghq;Nfh Nfhgk; mile;J vd;id ghh;j;J
‘Pongo locked you in that cabin for half an hour,’ said fj;jpdhh;. Mdhy; ehd; xU thh;j;ij $l
Clem, ‘He had no right to do that.’ $wtpy;iy. filrpapy; vd;id mDg;gp tpl;lhh;.
Perhaps Clem was right. I don’t know. I didn’t have time ehd; me;j gjpNdO MuQ;Rfis gw;wp fpsk;
to think about it. I had eaten seventeen large oranges N[hd;]plk; $wpNdd;. Nghq;Nfh cd;id me;j
Peels, pips and all. I felt very sick for a week and those miwapy; miukzp Neukhf milj;J itj;jhh;.
oranges kept working away in my stomach. mth; mij nra;tjw;F ve;j xU mjpfhuKk;
fpilahJ vd;W fpsk; $wpdhd;. ,Ue;j NghjpYk;

fpsk; $wpaJ rhpjhd;> vdf;F njhpatpy;iy mijg;
gw;wp epidg;gjw;F vdf;F Neuk; fpilahJ. me;j
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nghpa MuQ;R Jz;Lfs;> Njhy;fs; midj;ijAk;
ehd; rhg;gpl;Ltpl;Nld;. ehd; rhg;gpl;l me;j
MuQ;Rfs; vdJ tapw;wpy; gpur;ridia
Vw;gLj;jpajhy; xU thukhf vdJ cly;epiy
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rhpapy;iy vd;gij ehd; czh;e;Njd;.

dock (n) - an enclosed area of water in a port of apron (n) - a protective garment worn over
the loading, unloading and repair of the front of one's clothes and
ships tied at the back
red –handed - used to indicate that a person has concealed (adj) - that act of keeping something
(adj) been discovered in the act of doing secret or hidden
something wrong
blabbing (v) - to reveal secrets indiscreetly and pips (n) - small hard seeds in a fruit
thoughtlessly
chunks (n) - thick large pieces of something

bulging - unseen theft - stealing
kicked - sent angry - sharing displeasure
holding - having luck - fortunate
trousers - half pant pip - seed
chunks - pieces difficult - hard
smell - feel the flavor happened - taken place
concealed - hidden evidence - proof
pony - young one of the horse often - frequently
apron - pinafore, pinny theft - act of stealing
hid - conceal carefully - cautiously, attentively
docks - harbor, sea port ran after - chased, followed
finally - lastly came back - eturned
furiously - angrily lucky - fortunate
string - rope noticed - watched
bulging - curving outward looked into - examined
frightened - afraid quiet - calm
detective - police officer concealed - buried, hidden

blabbing - blabbering, gossipping cart - an open vehicle drawn by
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animals or man
witness - a person who observes an event angrily - furiously, ferociously, fiercely
swallow - eat in hurry deal - tackle
deductive - investigation of crime string - large fiber
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hidden - unseen kicked - sent
bulging - curving outward frightened - very scared
peel - removing outer perhaps - may be
counted - numbered cabin - tiny room
fond - like hidden - concealed
mistake - error evidence - proof, witness
plan - scheme bring up - take, proceed
locked - bolted witness - observer
gave up - quit, abandon cabin - room
trouble - difficulty swallow - ingest
pips - seeds of orange peel - outer skin of orange
chunks - portion, block figure out - understand
difficult - hard believe - trust
let - allow sick - ill
CHOOSE THE BEST SYNONYMS

1. one day a police man found seventeen oranges
hidden away in my pockets. 6. I swallowed the pip
a) seen b) unseen a) biscuits b) seed
c) shown d) hide c) leaf d) petal
2. Often my friends kicked a bunch to me from the 7. And put some of the peel in my mouth.
boat. a) rose
a) sent b) throw b) removing outer cover of a cake
c) catch d) deliver c) skin of a fruit
3. He notices that my trouser pockets were bulging. d) removing outer cover of a letter.
a) curving down ward 8. Perhaps Clem was right.
b) curving inward a) should be b) will be
c) curving outward c) would be d) may be
d) curving upward. 9. Pongo counted them.
4. I was frightened. a) numbered b) placed
a) trilled b) furious c) checked d) closed
c) afraid d) very scared 10. He took me into the cabin nearby
5. My apron string broke. a) big room b) large room
a) long fiber b) fiber cloth c) tiny room d) shelf
c) jute d) pinna fore
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fond X dislike, hate little X huge
often X rarely escaping X capture
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usually X unusually swallow X chew
under X above ordered X requested
shouted X murmured carefully X carelessly
sick X healthy open X close
later X earlier same X different
tightly X loosely lucky X unlucky, misfortunate
believe X suspect, disbelieve furiously X gently, calmly
smiled X frowned laughed X cried
nearby X faraway counted X uncounted
concealed X revealed quiet X noisy
against X for left X arrived
locked X released finally X initially
large X small frightened X brave, bold
locked X released peel X cover
everywhere X nowhere angry X happy
chunks X full difficult X easy
frightened X bold witness X party
tightly X loosely laughed X cried
open X close nearby X distance
full X empty angry X happy
lucky X unlucky
CHOOSE THE BEST ANTONYMS 5. My stomach was nearly full

1. He was holding the lid down tightly. a) filled b) stuffed
a) carefully b) loosely c) empty d) upset
c) thickly d) carelessly 6. Pongo became angry.
2. Pongo laughed at him. a) closer b) nearer
a) cried b) saw c) happy d) sad
c) kissed d) smiled
3. Please don't make me open the box. 7. I was lucky.
a) close b) leave a) unlucky b) fortunate
c) keep d) left c) smart d) happy
4. Took me into is nearby cabin. 8. He locked me up
a) close b) distant a) released b) put
c) opened d) next c) closed d. kept
CHOOSE THE BEST OPTION

A. From your reading of the text, choose the b) the oranges would fall out.
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correct answers from the options given below. c) he did not steal the oranges.
1. The narrator was very fond of _______ d) he was scared of Pongo
a) eating oranges 4. The voice in the narrator’s head advised him
b) reading detective stories to ______
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c) reading detective stories a) confess the truth to Pongo
d) munching away at something. b) eat all the oranges
2. The narrator was searched by the policeman, c) deny his guilt
because _______ d) hide all the oranges.
a) his pockets were bulging 5. Pongo found no trace of the oranges on the
b) he was singing songs tables, because ______
c) he was carrying a box a) Pongo’s mate had stolen them.
d) the oranges could be smelt. b) all the oranges were sold.
3. The narrator kept his mouth shut when c) the narrator had eaten them all.
questioned by Pongo, because _______ d) they disappeared mysteriously
a) anything said would be held as evidence
against him.
1. Where did the narrator work? Page 88

The narrator worked as a driver of a little pony-and-cart for the Swift Delivery Company.
2. What was the narrator’s job in the docks?
The narrator’s job in the docks was driving the little pony-and-cart for the Swift Delivery Company.
3. What was Clem Jones carrying in the box? Page 89
Clem Jones was carrying a cat in the box.
4. What happened when the box was opened?
When the box was opened, a ship’s cat jumped out and ran back into the docks. Clem ran after it,
shouting angrily.
5. Did the narrator believe Clem’s story? Page 90
No, the narrator did not believe Clem’s story.
6. What was the narrator carrying in his pockets?
The narrator was carrying 17 oranges in his pockets.
7. Who is Pongo?
Pongo is a policeman in the shipyard.
8. Why did Pongo want to bring another policeman?
Pongo wanted to bring another policeman there to be a witness against him when he brought up that
case in the court
9. What did the voice in the narrator’s head tell him to do?
The voice in the narrator’s head told him to eat the oranges so that the evidence could be
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destroyed.
10. Why did the policemen arrive a little late to the cabin? Page 91
The policemen arrived a little late to the cabin because they had seen some carts at the dock gate.
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They went and talked to the drivers.
11. What did the narrator do with the pips and peels?
The narrator swallowed the pips and peels.
B. Answer the following questions briefl y in one or two sentences.
1. Why did the narrator call Clem Jones a careful planner?
Clem Jones was carrying a box when he was coming out of docks. When the police asked him to
open the box he denied saying that there was a cat inside but the police forced him to open the box
and really a cat jumped out of it. So, the police didn’t check Clem the next time. But Clem actually
had a large dutch cheese in the box.
2. What was Clem Jones carrying in the box during his second attempt?
Clem Jones was carrying a large Dutch cheese in his second attempt.
3. Whe did the policeman suspect the narrator?
The narrator’s pocket was bulged.
4. What did Pongo consider as evidence against the nattator?
The 17 oranges stolen by the narrator.
5. How did the narrator feel when he was alone in Pongo’s cabin?
The narrator decided to eat all the oranges as he didn’t want to lose his job.
6. What did the narrator do to get rid of the evidence?
The narrator ate all the 17 oranges including the pips and the peel.
7. What did Pongo do when he found no oranges on the table?
Pongo searched everywhere for the oranges. He searched in narrator’s pocket and apron too.
8. Why were the policemen not able to bring any charged against the narrator?
The policemen couldn’t charge on him because no evidence was found.
9. How did the narrator feel after eating seventeen oranges?
The narrator felt sick for a week and his stomach was upset.
10. What happened to the narrater’s love for oranges after the incident?
He had never eaten an orange again.
pony-cart - Fjpiu tz;b; docks - fg;gy;fspy; ruf;F Vw;Wjy;, gOJ ghh;j;jy; Kjypatw;Wf;fhd
JiwKfg;gFjp; stolen - jpUba; carrying - vLj;Jfr; nry;Yjy;; ran after - gpd;Nd XLjy; (or) Juj;jpr;
nry;Yjy;; witness - rhl;rp; against - vjpuhf; evidence - Mjhuk;; cheese - ghyhilf; fl;b; swallowed -
KOq;fpdhh;; peel - Njhs;; pips - tpijfs;; denied - kWj;jhh;; bulged - cg;gp
1. Why did the narrator call Clem Jones a careful planner?

Clem Jones was carrying a box when he was coming out of docks. When the police asked him to open
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the box he denied saying that there was a cat inside. But the police forced him to open the box and
really a cat jumped out of it. So, the police didn’t check Clem the next time. But Clem actually had a
large Dutch cheese in the box.
2. What was Clem Jones carrying in the box during his second attempt?
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Clem Jones was carrying a large Dutch cheese in his second attempt.
3. Why did the policeman suspect the narrator?
The narrator’s pocket was bulged.
4. What did Pongo consider as evidence against the narrator?
The 17 oranges stolen by the narrator.
5. How did the narrator feel when he was alone in Pongo’s cabin?
The narrator decided to eat all the oranges as he didn’t want to lose his job.
6. What did the narrator do to get rid of the evidence?
The narrator ate all the 17 oranges including the pips and the peel.
7. What did Pongo do when he found no oranges on the table?
Pongo searched everywhere for the oranges. He searched in narrator’s pocket and apron too.
8. Why were the policemen not able to bring any charges against the narrator?
The policemen couldn’t charge on him because no evidence was found.
9. How did the narrator feel after eating seventeen oranges?
The narrator felt sick for a week and his stomach was upset.
10. What happened to the narrator’s love for oranges after the incident?
He had never eaten an orange again.
1. How the narrator, Bill Naughton got the bananas?

Bill's friends kicked a bunch of banana from the boat.
2. How many oranges did Bill take?
Bill took seventeen oranges.
3. Why the narrator put the oranges into his pocket?
He liked oranges, so he stole them and put them in his pocket.
4. For how many hours did Bill is locked?
Clem looked angry to show that he disliked Pongo's action towards him.
5. For how many hours did Bill is locked?
Bill was locked for half an hour in the cabin.
6. Who was the evidence did Pongo bring?
Pongo brought another policeman as an evidence.
7. How was Bill caught?

Bill's apron string had broken and the bulged pocket was shown clearly. Thus Bill was caught.
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C. Answer the following in about 80 -100 words
1. Narrate the clever strategy followed by Clem Jones to deceive Pongo.
Clem Jones is a character of "Seventeen Oranges ". He is a clever man. He planned a trick to get Dutch
cheese. At first he carried a box with cat. Pongo, a police man asked him to open the box. Clem said the cat
would run. But the policeman forced to open it. When the box was opened a cat ran out. So Clem ran behind
it. Then he returned with a box. He kept his hand tightly on the box's lid. And he showed his long face to the
policeman. The policeman laughed at Clem and let him go. Clem went into the kitchen. He opened the box
and filled it with a large Dutch cheese. Thus Clem Jones deceived Pongo.
2. Describe the confrontation between the narrator and Pongo.
'The confrontation between the narrator and Pongo' is from "Seventeen Oranges". The narrator, Bill
Naughton was fond of oranges. So he stole seventeen oranges. He put it in his pockets. At the time his apron
string had broken. He was caught by Pongo, the policeman. The policeman saw the bulged pocket. So he took
Bill to his cabin. He counted the oranges and enquired. But Bill did not open his mouth. Pongo locked Bill in
his cabin and went to call another policeman. Suddenly Bill made a trick and ate all the seventeen oranges.
Pongo returned with a policeman as a witness. They felt the smell of oranges. But they did not find it. Bill was
left free. This is the confrontation between the narrator and Pongo.
Topic : Seventeen Oranges

Author : Bill Naughton
Genre : Autobiography
Theme : Presence of mind
"Seventeen oranges" is written by Bill Naughton. As a clever man Clem he planned a trick to get
Dutch cheese. Pongo, a police man asked him to open the box which Clem carried. Even though Clem
refused to open the box the policeman forced him. When the box was opened a cat ran out. So Clem ran
behind it. Now he returned by keeping hand tightly on the box's lid. He showed his long face to the
policeman. The policeman laughed at Clem and let him go. Clem went into the kitchen and filled it with a
large Dutch cheese. Following Clem the narrator, Bill made a trick to get oranges. He put it in his
pockets. At the time his apron string had broken. Pongo, the policeman caught him. On seeing the
bulged pocket he took Bill to his cabin and enquired. But Bill did not open his mouth. Pongo locked
Bill in his cabin to call another policeman. Suddenly Bill made a trick and ate all the seventeen
oranges. When the policeman and Pongo returned they felt the smell of oranges. But they could not
find any trace. Bill was left free. But his stomach was upset for a week.
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trick - je;jpuk;; refused - kWj;jhh;; long face - Nrhfk; epiwe;j Kfk;; apron - ftrk;; Nky;rl;il; enquired -
tprhupj;jhd;; smell - thrid; stomach upset - tapW rhpapy;yhky; Ngha;tpl;lJ; theft - jpUl;L; cabin -
miw; disappointed - Vkhw;wkile;jdh;; left free - tpLtpf;fg;gl;lhd;
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SLOW LEARNERS
Topic : Seventeen Oranges

Author : Bill Naughton
Genre : Autobiography
Theme : Presence of mind
 Clem Jones is a clever man.

 Clem’s Cheating on Pongo is a quite interesting one.
 And he wins his trick to get Dutch cheese.
 The narrator Bill gets a chance to prove his cleverness.
 He is caught for his seventeen oranges theft.
 When he is closed in a cabin, he ate those oranges.
 Pongo and the policeman are disappointed.
 Bill Naughton is left free
4. The narrator was quiet, when Pongo questioned him.

a) calm b) noisy
c) silent d) agitated
5. The narrator was in trouble because he took the
oranges.
a) peace b) dificulty
D. Find the synonyms for the underlined words
c) harmony d) comfort
given in the passage
E. Find the antonyms for the underlined
1. The voice in his head asked the narrator to eat the
words in the following sentences.
evidence.
1. Seventeen oranges were hidden in the narrator’s
a) proof b) contradict
pockets.
c) disprove d) refute
a) exposed b) masked
2. Clem looked at Pongo furiously.
c) concealed d) buried
a) politely b) gently
2. Clem Jones was ordered to open the box.
c) angrily d) calmly
a) prepared b) arranged
3. When Pongo caught the narrator with the oranges, he
c) forced d) requested
was very frightened.
3. Pongo locked the narrator inside the cabin.
a) undaunted b) afraid
a) closed b) sealed
c) valiant d) brave
c) released d) chocked
4. Pongo carefully searched the narrator’s pockets. G. Answer the following questions based on your
a) attentively b) carelessly listening.
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c) cautiously d) strictly 1. Why did Chatur Pandit ask the king for 1000 gold
5. The narrator of the story felt very sick for a week coins?
a) healthy b) disordered Chatur Pandit asked the king for 1000 gold coins
c) feeble d) unhealthy because he had spent that to get the red peacock.
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F. Given below in Column A are some phrasal 2. Where did Chatur Pandit find the red peacock?
verbs taken from the text. Find the meanings by Chatur Pandit found the red peacock in the jungles.
using a dictionary and complete Column B.
Column A Column B 3. What sort of a person was Chatur Pandit?
S. No.
Phrasal Verb Meaning Chatur Pandit was a greedy person.
1. fond of love of something 4. State whether the statement is true or false.
2. hidden away to put some thinkg or Tenali was given three weeks to bring more red
aplace where no one peacocks. False
can find 5. Why the people felt that they were lucky to have
3. lock up put something in prison Krishna Deva Raya as their king?
4. laughed at to make somebody The people felt that they were lucky to have
stupid Krishna Deva Raya as their king as he was not
5. look at to examine something afraid to admit his mistake.
closely
6. bring up to look after
H. Work in groups of four. Choose one of the
7. gave up stop, quit
situations given below. Discuss how the story
8. went through examined something would been different if,
carefully i) Pongo had pardoned the narrator after scolding him
9. finish on destroy ii) Pongo had arrived on the scene before the last orange
10. figure out understand was eaten.
iii) Pongo had forgotten to lock the door properly but
the narrator only discovered it just before Pongo
CAUSE ACTIO EFFECT returned
Krishna Deva He pays 1000 people Share your ideas with the rest of the class.
Raya wants all gold coins for searched for the i) Pongo had pardoned the narrator after scolding
the best things the red peacock. red peacock him
in the world. every where Group A :
Members : Prema, Ram, Radhika, Raga
Chatur Pandit He cheated the The king
The narrator had stolen seventeen oranges. He
is greedy and king by banishes him was caught red handed by the policeman Pongo.
wants to get bringing him from the court He blamed and scolded him for his mistake. The
rich. the red peacock for a month. narrator was very much worried. He wept for a
artificially long time. He was unable to tolerate the
disgracefulness. He decided to commit suicide. He
Tenli Raman He hires a He proves that admitted his guilt of stealing. Pongo pardoned him
wants to prove painter and the king and advised him not to commit suicide. He assured
the king’s paints four spends money the narrator that he would not take any action
mistake peacocks red. needlessly. against him. He released him and gave him the
seventeen oranges.
ii) Pongo had arrived on the scene before the last
orange was eaten.
Group B :
Members : Arun, Aruna, Vibin, Raman
The narrator had stolen seventeen oranges. He J. Can you ?

was caught red handed by the policeman Pongo. Example : Can you play the guitar?
He locked him in his cabin. He went out to bring Now you try : Can you play keyboard?
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another policeman for witness. In the meantime the Can you help me?
narrator began to swallow the oranges. When the Can you read Sanskrit?
narrator was about to eat the last orange, Pongo Can you speak Hindi?
arrived. He got very angry on seeing the narrator K. Do’s and Don’ts (Necessity, Obligation and
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swallowing the oranges. He beat him severely. He Permission)
took him to the court. The narrator was imprisoned Choose the correct option.
for six months and a fine of Rs. 1000 was levied on 1. We use ______ (should/must/ought) when
him for his crime. something is compulsory, obligatory and
iii) Pongo had forgotten to lock the door properly important.
but the narrator only discovered it just before 2. We use ______ (should/must/ought) when
Pongo returned something is the right thing to do.
Group C : 3. We use ______ (should/must/ought) when
Members : Anandakumar, Ananadhi, Ajith, something is suggested or recommended.
Vijay M. You are Aadhav. While you were away on a
The narrator had stolen seventeen oranges. He holiday, your house was burgled.
was caught red handed by the policeman Pongo. Use appropriate modals and complete the letter to
He locked him in his cabin. He went out to bring your friend telling him/her about it.
another policeman for witness. In the meantime he
noticed that the door had not properly closed. He No. 36, Gandhi Road
escaped from the cabin. He went to his friend Clem Chennai – 45
Jones’ home. He explained him everything. Clem 04 August 2018
and the narrator planned cleverly to attack Pongo. Dear Ramesh,
Unfortunately it did not happen. How are you? I feel sad to
inform you that my house was burgled last week
when I was on a holiday.
I. Work in groups and discuss. Then write a diary Burglars____would___have known from the
entry in about 60 – 80 wordsdescribing your accumulated newspaper pile that I had gone away.
feelings and emotions for the given situations. When I came back last Sunday, I found the back-
Imagine you are Pongo. door lock broken. I____would___have forgotten
1. Your feelings when you caught the boy.
I am Pongo, the policeman. A boy named Bill to bolt the back-door from inside and
Naughton had stolen seventeen oranges. I caught they____would___have entered through it. My
him red handed. I locked him in my cabin. I was room was ransacked. They took my laptop and
very happy and proud when I caught the boy. I other valuables. I ____should___have deposited
thought that I would be rewarded for my action. I the jewellery in a bank locker to avoid this loss.
informed the news to my high official. I____should___have informed my neighbours
2. Your feelings and emotions when you came back
about my week-long trip. Well, I have registered
and found the oranges gone.
an FIR with the police. They are investigating the
I am Pongo, the policeman. A boy named Bill
case. They have assured that I ____shall___get
Naughton had stolen seventeen oranges. I caught
him red handed. I locked him in my cabin. I was my jewels back. The burglars ____will___be
very happy and proud when I caught the boy. I caught very soon. Convey my regards to all at
thought that I would be rewarded for my action. I home.
went out and informed the news to my high official. Yours lovingly,
When I returned, I found no oranges on the table. I Aadhav
got shocked. I didn’t know what to do next. I
looked for the oranges everywhere. But I couldn’t
find out. I was very angry and beat him black and
blue.
O. Fill in the blanks with appropriate modals. we____should___consume milk of good quality.
(Will / Shall, Would / Should, Can / Could, May / Otherwise it____will___cause harm to the body.
Might, Ought to) We____should___be very careful while selecting
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Milk is a nutritious food enriched with vitamins and and pulses for proper growth of the body. But
proteins. We__should__take milkregularly so that we____should___consume milk of good quality.
we___would___not develop deﬁ ciencies in our Otherwise it____will___cause harm to the body.
We____should___be very careful while selecting
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body. Aged persons, children and
patients____ought to___take milk in suffcient our food items because there are chances that these
quantities as it provides strength to their body. We ____might___ be adulterated.
____can___supplement it with fruits, vegetables We____should___protect our health.
and pulses for proper growth of the body. But
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Jawaharlal Nehru(14 Nov 1889 – 27 May 1964) was the first prime
Minister of India. He was a central figure in Indian Politics before, during and
after independence. He emerged as an eminent leader of the Indian
Independence movement under the tutelage of Mahatma Gnadhi. He served the
nation as a prime minister since Independent nation in 1947 until his death in
1964. He is considered to be the architect of the modern Indian nation state; a
sovereign, specialist, secular and democratic republic. He was also popularly
known as "Pandit Nehru" while many children knew him as “Chacha”.
NEHRU’S LETTER INDIRA PRIYA
NEHRU - PONDERING OVER

NAINITAL PRISON HIS DAUGHTER
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A Birthday Letter by Nehru A letter to his daughter
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Babuji’s words inspeires the
What’s right and wrong his daughter Indra
Indians
Ordinary people become hero Common people are soldiers advises not to have secret
in freedom struggle
Should be bold to face the

heroison createshistory Nothing to hide
freedom struggle
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The letters written by Jawaharlal Nehru from the various prisons in British India to his daughter India Priyadarshini
were published in 1942 as a book called "Glimpses of World History". It is a collection of 196 letters on World History.
This prose extract is a letter written by Jawaharlal Nehru to his daughter Indira when he was in the Central Prison at
Nainni. As he was not able to send a gift to Indira on her birthday, he writes a letter to her. Though presents are
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appreciated, letters can equally be cherished as a gift. Nehru disliked giving sermons or good advice because he believed
that only by talking and discussing, sometimes a little bit of truth comes out. Tee two fictions that make ordinary men
heroes are full faith in a great cause and love and respect for the nation Mahatma Gandhi inspired millions of people to
fight for freedom. He has helped to make the starving, the poor and the oppressed free and happy. If we are to be India's
soldiers, we have to respect India's honour which is a sacred trust. He advises Indira not to do anything in secret or wish
to hide anything. She should always stand bold and be brave always. Only then, she will grow up to be a child of the
light, unafraid, calm and peaceful. He concludes finally by wishing her to grow up into a brave soldier in India's service.
PROSE ENGLISH ghlk; jkpo;

It was the summer of 1928, when Jawaharlal Nehru 1928k; Mz;bd; ntapy; fhyk; [t`h;yhy; NeU>
began writing letters to his young daughter, Indira, KNrhhpapy; cs;s jdJ rpwpa kfs; ,e;jpuhtpw;F
who was in Mussoorie at that time. In his letters, he fbjk; vOjpdhh;. me;jf; fbjq;fspy;> jdJ kfSf;F>
speaks to his daughter on a wide range of topics, gytpjkhd jiyg;Gfspy; nkhop thzpgk;> tuyhW>
including languages, trade, history, geography, epytpay;> mwptpay;> ngUq;fhg;gpak; kw;Wk; ghpzhk
science, epics and evolution. Indira was about to turn tsh;r;rp vdg; Ngrp ,Uf;fpwhh;. 1930kk; Mz;L>
,e;jpuhtpw;F 13k; taJ te;j nghOJ mth; epiwa
13 in 1930, Nehru started sending her more detailed
fbjq;fis vOjpdhh;.
letters. These letters on tainted his understanding of
me;jf; fbjq;fspy;> jdf;F Ghpe;j cyif jdJ
the world which he wanted to further impart to his
kfSf;F GhpAk;gb vOjpdhh;. jhd; rpiwapy;
daughter. Even while he was imprison he wanted to
,Ue;jhYk;> jdJ kfSf;F nrhy;tij
make sure that his child is not devoid of her father's epWj;jtpy;iy. mLj;j ehd;F tUlq;fs;> NeU
teachings. Over the next four years, Nehru rpiwapy; ,Ue;jhYk;> ,e;jpuhtpw;F fbjkk; vOJtij
continuously wrote to his daughter from prison and epWj;jtpy;iy. NkYk; mtuJ thh;j;ijfs;
his word are still inspiring. vOr;rpA+l;Lgitahf ,Ue;jJ.
The letters written by Nehru from the various prisons ,e;jpah mbikahf ,Ue;j nghOJ> NeU rpiwapy;
in British India to his daughter Indira were published ,Ue;jgbNa jdJ kfSf;F vOjpa fbjq;fs; vy;yhk;
in 1942 as a book called “Glimpses of World 1942k; Mz;L 'cyf tuyhw;wpd; Jspfs;" vd;w
History”. It is a collection 196 letters on world history Gj;jfkhf ntspaplg;gl;lJ. ,J cyf tuyhw;iw
gw;wpa 196 fbjq;fspd; njhFg;G MFk;.
Now read the letter from Jawaharlal Nehru to his ,g;nghOJ> [t`h;yhy; NeU> jdJ kfs;
daughter Indira. ,e;jpuhtpw;F vOjpa fbjj;ij gbf;fTk;.
Central Prison, Naini October 26, 1930 kj;jpa rpiwr;rhiy> 26> mf;Nlhgh;>1930
My dear Indira, vdJ md;ghd ,e;jpuhtpw;F>
On your birthday you have been in the habit of cdJ gpwe;jehspy;> eP gytpjkhd ghpRfisAk;>
receiving presents and good wishes. Good wishes you tho;j;Jf;fisAk; ngw;Wf; nfhz;bUg;gha;. vdJ
will still have in full measure, but what present can I KOikahd tho;j;Jf;fs;. Mdhy; ehd; rpiwapy;
send you from Naini Prison? My presents cannot be ,Uf;Fk; nghOJ vd;d ghpR mDg;g KbAk;? vdJ
very material or solid. They can be of the mind and ghpR nghUshf ,Uf;f KbahJ. ehd; nfhLf;Fk;
spirit. Things that even the high walls of prison ghpR kdRk;> Mj;khTk; Nrh;ej; J. ,e;jr; rpiwapd;
nghpa Rth;fshy;> mij jLf;f KbahJ.
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cannot stop.
You know sweetheart, how I dislike sermonizing and md;Ng> vdf;F NgRtJk;> mwpTiu toq;FtJk;
doling out good advice. I have always thought that gpbf;fhJ vd;gJ cdf;Nf njhpAk;. tho;tpy; ey;yJ
the best way to and out what is right and what is not vJ> nfl;lJ vJ> vijr; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. vijr;
nra;af;$lhJ vd gpurq;fk; %yk; fw;Wf;nfhs;s
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right, what should not be done, is not by giving a
KbahJ. mJ NgRtjpd; %ykhfTk;> tpthjk;
sermon, but by talking and discussing, and out of
nra;tjpYk; njhpe;J nfhs;syhk;. ehd; cd;Dld;
discussion sometimes a little bit of truth comes out. I NgRtij tpUk;GNtd;. ehk; gytp\aq;fis gfph;e;J
have liked my talks with you and we have discussed ,Uf;fpNwhk;. Mdhy; ekJ cyfk; nghpaJ.
many things, but the world is wide and beyond our ,ijj;jhz;b> mw;Gjkhd kw;Wk; Ghpahj tp\aq;fs;
world lie other wonderful and mysterious worlds. cs;sd. ek;kpy; ahUk;> ehk; midj;ijAk; fw;Nwhk;.
None of us need ever be bored or imagine that we mwpthsp MNdhk; vd;W fw;gid$l gz;z
have learned everything worth learning and become KbahJ.
very wise.
But what am I to do then? A letter can hardly take the Mdhy;> ehd; vd;d nra;a KbAk;? xU fbjk; vd;gJ
place of a talk; at best it is a one – sided affair. Ngr;Rthh;j;ij khjphp. xUj;jh; kl;Lk; Ngryhk;. ,e;j
Imagine that I have made a suggestion to you for you fbjj;ij ghh;f;Fk; nghOJ ehk; ,UtUk; NgRtJ
to think over, as if we really were having a talk. Nghy; fw;gid gz;zpf;nfhs;.
In history we read of great periods in the life of tuyhw;wpy;> ehLfspd; cah;e;j Neuq;fisAk;> rpwe;j
nations, of great men and women. Do you remember Mz;fs;> ngz;fisAk; nrhy;yp ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;. eP
how fascinated you were when you first read the N[hd; Mg; Mh;f-; ir gw;wp gbf;Fk; nghOJ vt;thW
story of Joan of Arc, and how your ambition was to ftug;gw;wha; vd;W Qhgfk; cs;sjh? NkYk; cdJ
yl;rpak; mtisNghy; Mf Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ.
be something like her? Ordinary men and women are
rhjhuz MZk;> ngz;Zk; tPudhf khl;lhh;fs;.
not usually heroic. They think of their bread and mth;fs;> mth;fsJ czT> Foe;ijfs;> tPl;L
buttor, of their children, But a time comes when a gpur;ridfs; ,ijg;gw;wp kl;LNk epidg;ghh;fs;.
whole people become interested in a great cause. Mdhy;> xU Neuk; tUk;./midtUk; xU nghpa
Then history helps even simple, ordinary men and tp\aj;ij gw;wp kl;LNk epidg;ghh;fs;. gpd;dh;>
women to become heroes. Great leaders have tuyhW> rhjhuz MizAk;> ngz;izAk; tPuuhf
something in them which inspires a whole people and khw;Wk;. rpwe;j jiyth;fsplk;> xU nghpa kdpj
makes them do great deeds. In India a great leader, $l;lj;ij Cf;Ftpf;Fk; jd;ikAk;> mth;fis nghpa
nray;fis nra;ar; nrhy;Yk; jpwikAk; cs;sJ. ekJ
full of love for all who suffer and eager to help them,
,e;jpahtpy;> mg;gbg;gl;l rpwe;j jiyth;>
has inspired our people to great actions and noble
f\;lg;gLgth;fs; Nky; md;G nfhs;gth;> mth;fSf;F
sacrifice. He has helped to make the starving, the Mh;tkhf cjtp nra;gth;> ekJ kf;fis cah;e;j
poor and the oppressed free and happy. nray; nra;aTk;> jpahfk; nra;aTk; Cf;Ftpg;gth;
cs;shh;. mth;> gl;bdp fplf;fpd;w> Vio mbikg;gl;l
kf;fis Rje;jpukhfTk;> re;NjhrkhfTk; thor;
nra;gth;.
Bapuji is in prison, but the magic of his message has ghG[p rpiwapy; cs;shh;. Mdhy;> mtuJ
stolen the hearts of India’s millions. Men and women, thh;j;ijfspy; cs;s khak; kpy;ypad; ,e;jpah;fis
and even little children, come out of their little shells nfhs;is mbj;jJ. Mz;> ngz; kw;Wk; Foe;ijfs;
and become India's millions. Men and women, and cl;gl midtUk;> jq;fsJ tPl;by; ,Ue;J ntspNa
te;J ,e;jpa tpLjiyf;F NghuhLfpd;wdh;.
even little children, come out of their little shells and
,g;nghOJ> ,e;jpahtpy; tuyhW gilf;fpd;Nwhk;.
become India's soldiers of freedom. In India today we mij ehk; ghh;f;f mjph;\;lk; nra;jpUf;fpNwhk;. ehKk;>
are making history, and you and I are fortunate to see mjpy; gq;F ngWfpNwhk;.
this happening before our eyes and to take some part

ourselves in this great drama.
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If we are to be India’s soldiers, we have to respect ehk; ,e;jpahtpd; giltPuuhf ,Ue;jhy;> mjd;
India’s honour, and that honour is a sacred trust. It is fTutj;ij kjpf;f Ntz;Lk;. me;j kjpg;G kpfTk;
no easy matter to decide what is right and what is not. GdpjkhdJ. vJ rhp> vJ jtW vd;gij KbntLg;gJ
One little test I shall ask you to apply whenever you Rygk; my;y. eP Fok;gp ,Uf;Fk; nghOJ> xU
Nrhjid nra;J nfhs;. vijAk; kiwf;fhNj. eP
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are in doubt. Never do anything in secret or anything
vijNah kiwf;fpwha; vd;why;> eP gag;gLfpwhh; vd;W
that you would wish to hide. For the desire to hide mh;j;jk;. gak; vd;gJ Nfl;l tp\ak;. mJ cdf;Fs;
anything means that you are afraid, and fear is a bad ,Uf;ff;$lhJ. ijhpakhf epy;> midtUk; cd;
thing and unworthy of you. Be brave, and all the rest gpd;dhy; tUthh;fs;.
follows.
You know that in our great Freedom Movement, ,e;jpah Rje;jpu Nghuhl;lj;jpy;> ghG[papd;
under Bapuji’s leadership, there is no room for jiyikapy;> ve;j xU ufrpaKk; ,y;iy vd;gJ
secrecy or hiding. We have nothing to hide. We are cdf;Nf njhpAk;. ehk; vijAk; kiwf;ftpy;iy. ehk;
not afraid of what we do or what we say. We work in nray; Ghptjw;Fk;> NgRtjw;Fk; gag;gltpy;iy. ehk;
R+hpa ntspr;rj;jpd;fPo; Ntiy nra;fpd;Nwhk;. ekJ
the sun and in the light. Even so in our private lives
nrhe;j tho;tpYk;> ehk; ez;gh;fSld; midtUf;Fk;
let us make friends with the sun and work in the light njhpe;J Ntiy nra;Nthk;. eP mt;thW ,Ue;jhy;>
and do nothing secretly and if you do so, my dear, vd;d ele;jhYk; eP gpufhrkhd Foe;ijahfTk;>
you will grow up a child of the light, unafraid and gakpy;yhjtshfTk;> mikjpahfTk;> rhe;jkhfTk;
serene and unruffled, whatever may happen. tsh;tha;.
I have written a very long letter to you, And yet there ehd; cdf;F ePz;l fbjk; vOjpAs;Nsd;. NkYk;> rpy
is so much I would like to tell you. How can a letter tpraq;fis Ngr Ntz;b ,Uf;fpwJ. ,e;jf; fbjk;
contain it? Good – bye, little one, and may you grow gj;jhJ tpil ngWfpNwd;. kfNs> eP ,e;jpahtpw;F Nr
up into a brave soldier in India’s service. nra;Ak; giltPuuhf tsu Ntz;Lk;.
With all my love and good wishes. Your loving md;GlDk;>vdJ tho;j;Jf;fSlDk;> cdJ md;ghd
father, Jawaharalal Nehru mg;gh> [t`h;yhy; NeU.
 Have you ever received a personal letter from your friends or relatives?
 Yes, I have received a personal letter.
 If yes, from whom and about what?
 I got a letter from my uncle who is in abroad. It is about his new job and his settlement in USA.
 Have you ever written a personal letter to anyone?
 Yes, I have written a personal letter to my friend.
 If yes, to whom and about what?
 I have written a personal letter to my friend asking him to stay with me during vacation.
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sermon(n) - ceremony in which a priest fascinated(adj.) - extremely attracted
gives a talk on a religious or
moral subject
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deed (n) - a brave or noble act starving (adj.) - suffering or dying from
hunger
oppressed (adj.) - governed in an unfair and cruel sacred (adj.) - considered to be holy and
way and prevented from having deserving respect
opportunities andfreedom
serene (adj.) - peaceful and calm un ruffed (adj.) - not nervous or worried,
usually despite a difficult
situation

ambition - aim doling - giving, offering
evolution - gradual development sermonizing - preaching
contain - include unworthy - not deserving, un useful
solid - a substance which is firm or material - relating to things such as
hard money and possessions
impart - pass on shells - outer walls of a building
suggestion - offering an idea cause - reason
mysterious - unknown inspiring - encouraging
CHOOSE THE BEST SYNONYMS 4. He has helped to make the starving, the poor and
1. Good wishes you will still have in full measure. the oppressed free and happy.
a) Meager b) plenty a) Liberated b) downtrodden
c) dearth c) delighted
2. How you ambition was to be something like her? 5. We have to respect India's honour and that honour
a) aim b) apathy is a sacred trust.
c) greed a) Doubt b) faith
3. Beyond our world lie other wonderful and c) served
mysterious world. 6. We have to respect India's honour and that honour
a) Visible b) known is a sacred trust.
c) strange a) Impure b) holy
c) served
7. How fascinated you were when you first read the a) Happy b) blessed
story of Joan of Arc. c) lucky
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a) Bored b) attracted 10. A letter can hardly take the place of a talk.
c) interested a) Never b) easily
8. You will grow up a child of the light, unafraid and c) toughly
serene. 11. Out of discussion sometimes a little bit of truth
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a) Violent b) stormy comes out.
c) calm / quiet a) Fact b) lie
9. You and I are fortunate to see the this happening c) false
before our eyes.

wishes X curses service X disservice
serene X noisy, agitated eager X uninterested
bored X interested detailed X briefed
wide X narrow truth X falsehood
solid X liquid ordinary X extra ordinary
respect X disrespect usually X unusually
various X same collection X separation
noble X ignoble including X excluding
private X Public sacred X unholy, impure
wise X foolish heroic X cowardice
fascinated X bored, disenchanted
CHOOSE THE BEST ANTONYMS 5. We have to respect India's honour and that honour
1. Good wishes you will still have in full measure. is a sacred trust.
a) Meagre b) plenty a) Doubt b) faith
c) dearth c) suspect
2. How your ambition was to be something like her? 6. We have to respect India's honour and that honour
a) aim b) apathy is a sacred trust
c) greed a) Impure b) holy
3. Beyond our world lie other wonderful and my c) served
sterious world. 7. How fascinated you were when you first read the
a) Visible b) known story of Joan of Arc.
c) strange a) Bored b) attracted
4. He has helped to make the starving, the poor and c) interested
the oppressed free and happy. 8. You will grow up a child of the light, unafraid and
a) Liberated b) downtrodden serene.
c) delighted a) Violent b) stormy
c) calm / quiet
9. You and I are fortunate to see the this happening 10. A letter can hardly take the place of a talk.
before our eyes.
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a) Happy b) unlucky a) Never b) always
c) lucky c) toughly
IN TEXT QUESTION
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1. From which prison did Nehru write this letter?
Nehru wrote this letter from Naini Prison
2. Did Nehru send any presents to Indira?
No, Nehru did not send any presents to Indira.
3. Which historical character inspired young Indira?
Joan of Arc was the historical character inspired young Indira.
4. What helps the ordinary men and women to become heroes?
History helps the ordinary men and women to become heroes.
5. Who is addressed a 'Bapuji'?
Mahatma Gandhi is addressed as Babuji.
6. What should the soldiers of India respect?
The soldiers of India should respect the honour of our nation.
1. Why could not Nehru send any presents to Indira?

Nehru could not send any presents to Indira because he was in prison.
2. What cannot be stopped even by the high walls of prisons?
The presence of mind and spirit cannot be stopped even by the high walls of prisons.
3. Why did Nehru dislike sermonizing?
Nehru has believe & firmly that the best way to find what is right is not by giving a sermon but by
talking and discussing. Hence Nehru disliked sermonizing.
4. What does history tell us?
History tells us about great periods in the life of nations, of great men and women.
5. What do ordinary men and women usually think of?
Ordinary men and women usually think of their bread and butter, of their children and of their
family worries.
6. When do ordinary men and women become heroes?
A time comes when the whole people became interested in a great cause. Then history helps even
simple, ordinary men and women to become heroes.
7. What does the phrase "great drama' refer to?
The 'great drama' refers to the movements of Indian freedom.
8. Why are the freedom fighters under Gandhi not afraid of anything?
The freedom fighters under Gandhi are not afraid of anything since there is no room for secrecy or
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1. Why can a letter hardly take the place of a talk?
A letter can hardly take the place of a talk because at best it is a one sided affair.
2. On what topic does Nehru speak to his daughter?
Nehru speaks to his daughter on topics such as languages, trade, history, geography, science, epics
and evolution.
3. What kind of presents can Nehru send Indira from his prison?
Nehru can send Indira invaluable presents of the mind and spirit.
4. When did Jawaharlal Nehru begin writing letters to his daughter?
Jawaharlal Nehru began writing letters to his daughter Indira in the summer of 1928.
5. How has the message of Bapuji acted as magic?
The message of Bapuji has stolen the hearts of millions India’s. Men and women and even little
children came out of their little shells and became India’s soldiers of freedom.
B. Answer the following in about 80 – 100 words each:

1. Explain the important elements of Nehru's letter.
Nehru sends his letter to Indira as a gift of the mind and spirit of her birthday. He does not want to advise
her because only through discussion, truth comes out. Ordinary men and women will become heroes when
they are interested in a great cause. Gnadhi has inspired the people to great actions and noble sacrifice. Men
and women and even little children come out of their little shells and became India's soldiers of freedom.
Nehru wants Indira not to do anything secretly because the desire to hide means fear. Under Gandhi's
leadership there is no room for secrecy. Nehru concludes the letters with his wish that she may grow up into a
brave soldier in India's service.
2. Imagine yourself as Indira and write a reply letter to your father, Nehru for the letter you received on
your birthday.
Anandha Bhavan,
Allahabad,
November 28, 1930
Dear papa,
I thank you so much for your wonderful birthday gift - a letter - a true gift though not solid or material.
Your heartfelt wishes and your words mean a lot to me. Your mind and spirit guids me from wherever you
are. Your letter is not an advice or a sermon. The words are powerful enough to trigger the potential within
me to fight for the nation I can understand that Bapuji focuses on truth, courage, fearlessness, openness,
hard work, peace, straight forwardness and non – violence. I shall follow your advice and grow up a brave
soldier in indira's service. With all my love and good wishes,
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Lovable daughter,
Indira Priyadarshini.
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Topic : A Birthday Letter
Author : Jawaharlal Nehru
Genre : Advice
Theme : Don't do anything secretly
Source : Glimpses of World History
Jawaharlal Nehru was the first Prime Minister of India and a central figure in Indian politics
before and after Independence. Indra was inspired by Nehru’s letters and it was published as a book in
1942. It is a collection of 196 letters. In one of Indra’s birthday he was in Naini Prison and wrote a letter
to her. In this letter he says he used to think what is right and what is wrong; and what should be done and
what should not be done. He says while discussing the truth will come out. Ordinary people will
become heroes. These things will create history. Like that even though Babuji is in prison his words
inspired the men, women and children of India and now they are making history. Common people are the
soldiers in the freedom struggle. There is nothing to hide and everything is in day light. He advises his
daughter not to have any secret and she should be bold enough to face the freedom struggle.
SLOW LEARNERS
Topic : A Birthday Letter

Author : Jawaharlal Nehru
Genre : Advice
Theme : Don't do anything secretly
Source : Glimpses of World History
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 Jawaharlal Nehru was the first Prime Minister of India and a central figure in
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Indian politics.
 He used to write letters to his daughter often.
 The collection of 196 letters was published as a book.
 In one of Indra’s birthday he was in Naini Prison so he was not able to present
her.
 He wrote a letter to her.
 In this letter he says he used to think what is right; and what should be done.
 When time comes ordinary people will become heroes.
 Even though Babuji is in prison his words inspired all Indians in making history.
 Common people are the soldiers in the freedom struggle.
 He advices his daughter not to have any secret and should be very bold to face
the freedom struggle.
Match the words with correct Synonym and Antony from the table
S.No Word Synonym Antonym
1. wide wide - broad wide - narrow
2. noble noble - gentle noble - ignoble
3. oppress oppress - subdue oppress - freedom
4. honour honour - privilege honour - dishonor
5. worthy worthy - valuable worthy - unworthy
6. private private - personal private - public
7. brave brave - valiant brave - coward
THINKAND ANSWER: 2. I have liked my talks with you. (Opinion / Fact)

What is the difference between an opinion and a Ans.: Opinion
fact? 3. The best way to and what is wrong and right is by
 An opinion is the feelings or thoughts about discussing. (Opinion / Fact) Ans.: Fact
somebody or something. 4. A letter can hardly take the place of a talk. (Opinion /
 A fact is a piece of information that can be Fact) Ans.: Opinion
proved to be true. 5. For the desire to hide anything means that you are
D. OPINION or FACT afraid. (Opinion / Fact) Ans.: Fact
1. On your birthday you have been in the habit of
receiving presents and good wishes.
(Opinion / Fact) Ans.: Fact
*Listen to the dialogue and answer the following G. Imagine you are going to celebrate your
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questions. forthcoming birthday at an orphanage / old age
1. Aadhav and Raghav are __________. home.
a) brothers b) friends Deliver a short speech about your birthday celebration
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c) colleagues d) classmates by using the following hints:
2. The brothers are planning to celebrate their
__________ wedding anniversary. Dear friends,
a) uncle's b) parents' Here I have come to speak about my birthday
c) grandparents' d) sister's celebration. This time I am going to celebrate it in
3. The wedding anniversary is on a different way. I have decided to celebrate in
__________. "Udavum Karangal" an orphanage in my town. I
a) March 2nd b) April 2nd want the children to he happy and enjoy games for
nd
c) May 2 d) June 2nd a day. Few people wish to share happiness with
4. As part of the celebration, the brothers have them. Hence I have chosen the orphanage. My
planned to make their parents, brother and sister will accompany me. I
parents to __________. am going to offer them all varieties of fried rice
a) visit an orphanage and biriyanis. I will present them each a diary, a
b) donate some money pencil box and a pen. I will conduct games which
c) plant a mango sapling invoke their brain.
d) conduct a game Friends, I hope you will like my plan and also
5. State whether the statement is true or false. join me in my birthday celebration.
Ans.: false Thanks for your
The brothers have decided to borrow money for the patience of hearing.
wedding anniversary celebration.
F. Answer the following questions based on the given

reading passage:
1. What is the name of her diary? Developing Hints
“Kitty” is the name of her diary. Developing hints is developing the phrases into full
2. Why did Anne want to exchange the book sentences and then into a meaningful coherent
'Camera Obscure"? paragraph.
Anne's sister Margot had already got the book on  Read the hints twice or thrice carefully
“Camera Obscure”. Hence she wanted to exchange  Understand the passage well
it.  Jot down the points
3. Who baked the homemade cookies?  If the events in the passage are in present tense,
Anne Frank herself baked the homemade cookies. write the story in the past tense.
4. What game did Anne choose to play?  Arrange the matter in two or three paragraphs.
Anne chose to play volleyball.  Give a suitable title.
5. Which gift did Anne value the most?
Anne valued the diary most.
some, any, one, two, three, first, second,

few, little, twenty, forty, third, twentieth
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H. Write a meaningful paragraph using the hints more, much, hundred etc. etc.
given below: many, every
Mahesh – celebrates – 14th birthday – an old –age  The quantiters all, any, enough less, a lot of,
home – family, friends – informs home in advance – more, most, no, none of, some etc., are used
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delegates tasks – friends buy things necessary – arrives with both countable and uncountable nouns.
home early – decorates place – balloons, colour papers  The quantiters both, each, either, fewer, neither
– inmates gathered – cuts cake –sing song, claps – etc., are used only with countable nouns.
distributes cakes – expresses his feelings – gets I. Choose the Correct Determiner
blessings – others things - bedsheets, footwear etc. 1. Could you bring me ______ tools I left in the garden?
needed – fun, entertainment – happy and content. (this, those, these) Ans: those
Ans: 2. ______Earth revolves around the sun. (the, a, an)
UNIQUE BIRTHDAY CELEBRATIONS Ans : The
Mahesh, a class IX student, celebrated his 14th 3. I found ________one rupee coin in the playground
birthday with a difference. He chose an old age home while playing. (a, an, the) Ans : a
in his town. He informed the manager of the old age 4. There aren't _______ students in the library (much,
home in advance. He assigned various tasks to his many, a lot) Ans : many
friends like buying gifts, articles and sweets. Mahesh 5. It was ______ unforgettable experience (a, an, the)
along with some of his friends arrived the old age home Ans : an
and decorated the place with balloons and colour 6. I haven't got _______ pictures in my bedroom (some,
papers. any, many) Ans :some
In the morning around 10am, the inmates gathered 7. He said that he wanted to become ______ engineer.
in the hall. His parents introduced him. Then Mahesh (a, an, the) Ans : an
requested an old lady who is sitting there to cut the 8. Kokila gave a pen to _______ child in the classroom
cake. When she cut the cake, all clapped their hands on her birthday.( any, all, each) Ans : each
and wished him a happy birthday. He distributed the 9. I've got to solve ______ math problems before I go to
pieces of cake and got the blessings of the inmates. He sleep. (all, some, any) Ans : some
expressed his happiness being in their midst on his 10. India is ______ largest democracy in the world. (a,
birthday. He presented bed sheets, footwear, plates and an, the) Ans : the
towels. He conducted games for them. Some of them 11. My father doesn't drink _______coffee (much,
sang songs. Some others danced. Some did mono acting many, a lot) Ans : much
by a couple of them was a great fun. Mahesh felt very 12. I always keep ______ money in my wallet for
happy and contented because he made the respectable emergencies. (any, every, some) Ans : some
senior citizens happy and forget their worries. 13. This year we are celebrating my sister's ______
GRAMMAR birthday. (a, two, second) Ans: second
DETERMINERS 14. I have ______ pencils with me. (a, three, third)
Ans : three
Types of Determiners
15. “What is that noise?” I think it is ________ airplane.
Articles Demonstratives Possessive
Ans : an
Adjectives
the, an, a this, that these, my, our, your,
those his, her, its, their
Quantiters Demonstratives Ordinal Numbers
3. Rekha said to Tilak, “When are we leaving to our

native?”
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Look at the following sentences Rekha asked Tilak when they were leaving for their
She said, "I have won the first prize." (Direct native.
speech) 4. Sujith said, “Ryan, you should get up early in the
She said that she had won the first prize (Indirect morning”
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Speech) Sujith told Ryan that he should get up early in the
 In the first sentence, the reporter conveys morning
the message of the girl using her actual 5. Vivaan said to his mother, “Can you, please, buy me
words i.e., ("I have won the first prize.") a hot chocolate?”
 In the second sentence, the reporter Vivaan requested his mother whether she could buy
conveys her message but in his own words him a hot-chocolate.
without any change in the meanings (She 6. “Tomorrow I have to take a test in English”, said
said that she had won the first prize) Sudar.
 In direct speech, we reproduce the actual Sudar said that he had to take a test in English the
words of the speaker. We place spoken next day.
words within inverted commas(“ ”) 7. Pragathi said to her sister, “I need your help to
 In indirect speech (also called Reported arrange the books in the shelf”
Speech) We report the words of the Pragathi told her sister that she needed her help to
speaker with a few changes. arrange the books in the shelf.
K. Report the following sentences: 8. “Why don’t you use crayons for colouring?” said
1. Banu said, “Do not spoil the eco-system”. Dhilip to his son.
Banu advised us not to spoil the eco-system. Dhilip suggested his son why he could not use
2. Pranav said, “Have you booked the tickets to Delhi?” crayons for colouring.
Pranav asked her if she had booked the tickets to
Delhi.
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POEM
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1. Rhyming Words: nfhLf;fg;gl;l ghlypy; cs;s xt;nthU thhpapd; filrp thh;j;ijfisf; ftdpf;f
Ntz;Lk;. mitfspNy xNu khjphpahd xypfs; ,Ue;jhy; mitfs; Rhyming Words MFk;.
Ex : Tell me not, in mournful numbers.
Left is but an empty dream!
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For the soul is dead that slumbers.
And things are not what this seem.
Rhyming words – numbers – slumbers
dream - seem
2. Ryme scheme : xU ghly; thpfspd; filrp thh;j;ijfspy; xNu xypahf te;jhy; mjw;F xU FwpaPL itf;f
Ntz;Lk;. cjhuzkhf a,b,c....................
Ex : With all my heart I do admire a
Athletes who meat for fun or hire a
Who take the field in gandy pump b
xyp khWgLk; NghJ FwpaPL khWk;.
3. Simile : (ctik) a word or phrase that compares something to something else showing resemblance, using the words
like (or) as.
xj;j gz;Gfis xg;gpLk; NghJ ctik vd;fpNwhk;. like, as Nghd;w thh;j;ijfis itj;J simile
milahsk; fhzyhk;.
4. Metaphor : It is an implied simile. The use of word to indicate a meaning different from its literal meaning.
He was a lion in the battle.
(He fought like a lion in the battle – simile)
5. Personification : The practice of repreenting objects, qualities etc. as humans, in art and literature. kdpjg;gz;ig
kdpjuy;yhjtw;wpw;F xw;wpr; nrhy;Yjy;.
1. Time and tide wait for no none.
2. Laughter holding both her sides.
3. Death lays his hands on things.
6. Appostrphe : An Apostrophe is a direct address to the dead, to the absent, or to a personified object or idea. capuw;w/
Nehpy; ,y;yhjth;fis mioj;jy;.
1. O judgement ! thou art fled to brutish beasts.
2. O grave ! Where is thy victory.
3. O ye wheels ! be silent for today.
7. Oxymoron : Oxymoron is a special form of Antithesis, where two contradictory qualities are predicted at once of the
same thing. vjph; nrhw;fshy; xU egiuNah/ xU nghUisNah Fwpg;gJ.
So innocent arch, so cunningly simple.
This honour noted in dishonor stood.
8. Onomatopoeia : The fact of words containing sounds similar to the noises they describe. xypf;Fwpg;Gr; nrhw;fs;.
buzz, chirp, meow (cat's)
He sipped his straight mouth.
9. Anaphore : me;jhjpj; njhil – a literary device wherein a word or a phrase is respeated at the beginning of two or
more successive sentences. njhlh;e;J tUk; ghly; thpfspy; xNu thh;j;ij jpUk;g tUk; NghJ mjid
Anaphore vd;fpNwhk;.
Ex : 1. In time the savage bull sustains the yoke.
In time all haggard barks will stoop to three – Thomas Kyd-

2. Was it conveanice ................
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Was it perversity .................
Was it humility ...................
10. Alliteration : Nkhid the use of the same letter or sound (comment) at the beginning of the words that are close
together.
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xU ghpapy; xU thh;j;ijapd; Kjy; nka;naOj;J xyp kPzL ; k; te;jhy; mjid alliteration vd;fpNwhk;.
Ex : 1. Peter Picked a pech of pickled peppers.
2. Sing a song of six pece.
11. Assanance : The repetition of similar words in stressed syllables of successive words.
Ex : 1. Sonnet and povidge – same vowels different consonants.
2. Cold and killed – different words same consonants.
12. Hyperbole : A way of speeching and writing that makes something sound more excition that it really is. xU
tp\aj;ij kpifg;gLj;jpf; $Wjy;.
Ex : 1. I am so hungry I could eat a horse.
2. If the river were dry, I am able to fill it with tears.
13. Anthithesis: a striching opposition of words is made in the same sentence. vjph;kiwfis fUj;J xNu
thf;fpaj;jpy; tUjy;.
Ex: 1. Man proposes and disposes.
2. To err is human to forgive is divine.
3. Speech is silver silence is golden.
14. Allusion: When a person or another makes an indirect reference in speech, text or song to an event or figure. xU
nra;jpia NeuhfNth (m) kiwKfkhfNth> xU kdpjidNah (m) ,lj;ijNah (m) Vw;fdNt ele;j xU
epfo;itNah Fwpg;gJ.
Ex: 1. Your backyard is a Garden of Eden. (Biblical)
2. You're a regular Einstein (Historical allusion)
15. Poetic Diction: The style of speaking or within used by the speaker or writer.
Ex: “Heard melodies are sweet, but those
Un heard melodies are sweeter: then the
Ye soft pipes, play on ……..”
16. Archaism:
gioikf; $W : The use of writing or speech that is now rarely used; the use of older versions language and art.
1. Know from whence you came.
2. O, Romes, Wherefore art thou Rome?
17. Pun: rpNyil : A pun is a joke that makes a play on words.
Ex: 1. A bicycle can't stand on its non because it is two-tired.
2. Is life worth living? It depends upon the liver.
18. Repetition: Often use in speech, as a rhetorical device to bring attention to an idea
Ex: 1. If you think you can do it,
you can do it
2. The woods are lovely, dark and deep ……
And miles to go before I sleep
And miles to go before I sleep.
19. Metonymy MFngah; : It replaces the name of a thing with the name of something else with which it is closely
associated.
1. Pen is mightier than the sword.

2. The crown, for the king.
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3. From the cradle, to the grave.
4. The whole city went out to sea the victorions general.
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Robert Frost (1874-1968) was an American poet noted for his realistic
descriptions of rural life. Born on 26 March 1874, he spent his first 40 years as
an unknown entity. He received four Pulitzer prizes for poetry and was a special
guest at President John F. Kennedy‘s inauguration. Frost became a poetic force
and the unofficial Poet Laureate of the United States. Some of his famous works
are The Road Not Taken, West Running Brook, Mending Wall, After Apple
Picking etc.
Robert frost The poet on Horse
Poet on the Horse

Woods
Dark woods Snowy woods
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During a winter season, the poet travels in
a horse
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The other meaning is he The horse thinks it different
He stops near a wood. It is
has works to do before because there is no farmhouse
filled with Snow
his death nearby
The horse shakes its bell to ask The woods are lovely, But he has duties to do
the poet if there is anything dark and deep before he sleeps
wrong
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During a winter season, the poet travels in a horse. He stops near a wood. It is filled with snow. The owner of the
wood may not see him. The horse thinks it different because there is no farmhouse nearby. It is a dark evening. The horse
shakes its bell to asks the poet if there is anything wrong. The other sound is the moving of the wind. The woods are
lovely, dark and deep. But he has duties to do before he sleeps. The other meaning is he has much works to do before he
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dies. One must not be carried away by the temporary pleasures in life.
POEM ENGLISH EXPLANATION ghly; jkpo; tphpthf;fk;

Whose woods these are I think I know ahUila fhLfs; ,it> vdf;Fj; njhpAk; vd ehd;
His house is in the village though, epidf;fpNwd;. mtUila tPL fpuhkj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;. ehd;
,q;F epWj;jpaij mth; ghh;jj
; pUf;f khl;lhh;. mjw;F
He will not see me stopping here fhuzk; gdp glh;ej
; mtuJ fhL MFk;.
To watch his woods fill up with snow.
My little horse must think it queer vdJ rpwpaFjpiu ,ij tpj;jpahrkhf czh;ej
; J. mUfpy;
To stop without a farmhouse lake xU gz;iz tPLk; ,y;iy. fhLfSf;Fk;> gdp glh;e;j
VhpfSf;Fk; eLNt me;j tUlj;jpd; ,Us; #o;e;j khiy
Between the woods and frozen lake MFk;.
The darkest evening of the year.
He gives his harness bells a shake Fjpiu jdJ kzpia mirj;jJ. mq;Nf vJTk; jg;G
To ask if there is some mistake. ele;jjh vd;W Fwpg;ghf Nfl;lJ. mq;fpUe;j kw;w xU
rj;jk; kz; Jfs;fSld; gwf;Fk; fhw;W MFk;.
The only other sound’s the sweep
Of easy wind and downy flake.
The woods are lovely, dark and deep. fhLfs; mofhfTk;> ,uz;Lk;> MokhfTk; cs;sJ.
But I have promises to keep, Mdhy; ehd; epiwNtw;w Ntz;ba thf;FWjpfs; cs;sd.
ehd; J}q;Ftjw;F Kd; epiwa Ntiyfs; nra;a Ntz;b
And miles to go before I sleep, cs;sd. ehd; tho;f;ifapy; fz; %Ltjw;F Kd; epiwa
And miles to go before I sleep. Ntiyfs; nra;a Ntz;b cs;sd.

queer (adj.) - strange, odd woods (n.) - forest
frozen(adj.) - in ice form sweep (v.) - soft, gentle sound
downy(adj.) - feather – like flake (n.) - a small piece of something
harness (n.) - straps and fittings by which a horse is
fastened to a cart or carriage
APPRICIATION OF THE POEM
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Refers Means
I, me the poet (Robert Frust) queer - strange, odd
Lines 2,3.4 he , his Villages woods - forest
Lim-9 he Horse harness - straps for a horse
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frozen - in ice form
sweep - move suitly
downy - soft and fluffy
flake - a small piece of snow
flake
Poem lines Figures of Speech

Whose woods these are I think I know 1. Imagery – vis…l ….., line 1x2 (words, hoys)
His house is in the village though 2. Alliteration – whose, woods,
S–1 He will not see me stopping here watch his woods
To watch his woods fill up with snow 3. Rhyming words : know, though, snow
4. Rhyming scheme: a,a,b,a
my little horse must think it queer 1. Personification – line 1
S-2 To stop without a farm house near 2. Imagery - visnal – line -2x3 (farmhuy , lake)
Between the woods and frozen lake 3. Rhyming words – queer, near, year
The darkest evening of the year 4. Rhyming scheme – a,a,b,a
S- 3 He gives his harness balls a shake 1. Personification – line 1x2
To ask if there is some –stake 2. Imagery - Auditory – line 1 (balls)
The only other sound the sweep 3. Rhyming words – shake, mistake, flake
of earn wind and downy flake 4. Rhyming scheme – a,a,b,a
S-4 The woods are lovely, dark 1. Personification – line 3,4

Miles to go before I sleep, 2. Rhyming words – deep. keep, sleep, sleep
And miles to go before I sleep. 3. Rhyming scheme – a,a,a,a
i) Who is the speaker?.

The poet is the speaker.
A. Answer the following questions in a sentence ii) Why should the horse think it queer?
or two. The horse should think it queer because the
1. He will not see me stopping here poet stopped at a strange place.
To watch his woods fill up with snow. iii) Pick out the rhyming words
i) who does ‘he’ refer to? Queer and near are the rhyming words.
“He” refers to the owner of the woods 3) He gives his harness bells a shake
ii) Identify the season with these lines To ask if there is some mistake
The season is winter I) Whom does ‘he’ refer to in these lines”
2) My Little horse must think it queer ‘He’ refers to the horse.
To stop without a farmhouse near
ii)Why does ‘he’ give his harness bells a shake? a) Bring out the rhyming word from these lines.
‘He’ gives his harness bells a shake because he Queer:near
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asks if there is anything wrong. b) Why is the horse afraid to stop?
iii) How does the horse communicate with the There is no farm house nearby so the horse
poet? afraid to stop.
The horse communicates with the poet 3. Between the woods and frozen lake
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through the bell. a) What does‘frozen lake’ refer to?
4) The woods are lovely dark and deep ‘Frozen lake’ is referred to the winter season.
But I have promises to keep b) Who are standing between the woods and
i) How are the woods? frozen lake?
The woods are lovely, dark and deep. The poet and the horse are standing in between
ii) Who does ‘I’ refer to? the woods and frozen lake.
‘I’ refers to the poet. 4. The darkest evening of the year.
iii) what are the promises the speaker is talking a) What time is referred here?
about? Evening time is referred here.
One promise is responsibilities to be b) What do you mean by‘The darkest evening’?
completed before he sleeps. ‘The darkest evening’ means dusk.
Another promise is the responsibilities to be 5. The woods are lovely, dark and deep.
done before he dies. a) Why are the woods lovely?
5) And miles to go before I sleep The wood is natural. So it is lovely.
And miles to go before I sleep b) Why are the woodsdark and deep?
i) Why has the poet repeated the last line? The trees are thickly grown and the poet is
The poet has repeated the last line to stress standing in the middle of the forest. So the
the importance of responsibilities. words ‘dark and deep’ are mentioned.
ii) Explain miles to go before I sleep B. Write down the summary of the poem by
‘Miles to go before I sleep’ means the poet filling in the blanks.
has many duties to do before he sleeps as After a long travel the poet entered a wood He
well as he dies. wondered to whom the wood belonged He realized
that the owner of the wood lived in a village He
was happy that the owner would not be able to see
1. Whose woods these are I think I know. him stopping in his woods to watch the snow fill
His house is in the village though; the woods. The poet felt that the horse would think
a) Whose house is in the village? it very strange to stop near the woods as he had
The house of the owner of the wood is in the never wheat. He was actually standing between the
village. woods and frozen lake. The time was evening The
b) What is the poet thinking? horse indicated that the poet has made a his take by
The poet is thinking about the owner of the shaking its head. The poet felt that the woods are
house. lovely, dark and deep. He suddenly realized that
2. My little horse must think it queer he had worldly responsibilities which would not
To stop without a farmhouse near allow him to stay in the woods for a long time.
C. Answer the questions in three or four The bell of the horse and the moving of the
sentences. wind are the sounds heard by the poet.
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a) What information does the poet highlight d) The poet is aware of two choices. what choice
about the season and the time of the day in does he make ultimately?
the poem The two choices are - work to be done before
It is a winter season. The woods are filled with he sleeps
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snow. It is the darkest evening of the year. - work to be done before
b) In which way is the reaction of the speaker his death.
different from that of the horse? What does His choice is to leave the wood to fulfil his
it convey? works before his death.
The speaker is attracted by the beauty of the e) Pick out words from the poem that bring to
wood. So, he stops. The horse thinks that there mind peace and quiet
is no farmhouse nearby. It is strange that he The words that bring to mind peace and
stops in the wood. So, he shakes his bell. quiet are- snow, froze, darkest, sweep, wind,
c) What are the sounds heard by the poet? lovely, deep, sleep.
Writing
G. Answer the following questions in a paragraph about 80-100 words
a. It is said that, "the choices made by one, shapes one's destiny". The theme of choice is important
throughout this poem.
It is said that “ the choices made by one, shapes one’s destiny”. During a winter season, the poet travels in a
horse. He stops near a wood. It is filled with snow. The owner of the wood may not see him. The horse thinks it
different because there is no farmhouse nearby. It is a dark evening. The horse shakes its bell to ask the poet if there
is anything wrong. The other sound is the moving of the wind. The woods are lovely, dark and deep. But he has
duties to do before he sleeps. The other meaning is he has much works to do before his death. One must not be
carried away by the temporary pleasures in life. So, he leaves the wood to fulfil his work.
H. Work in pairs and discuss the factors that contribute towards making a choice and make a presentation
to the class.
I. Write down your presentation as an articles
b. Though the poet is attracted by the peace and quiet of the woods, the poet decides to go on to the village. It is
due to his responsibility. He may be impressed by the beauty. But he is steady minded. So, he makes a correct
choice.
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AVERAGE STUDENTS
Poem : Stopping by woods on a snowy evening

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Poet : Robert Frost
Theme : Admiring Nature
"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening" is a poem written in 1922 by Robert Frost, and
published in 1923 in his New Hampshire volume. It consists of four quatrains that have the following
rhyme scheme: aaba, bbcb, ccdc, dddd. The poet is travelling at dusk through the snow and pauses with
his horse near the woods by a neighbor's house to watch the snow falling around him. His horse shakes
his harness bells, questioning the pause; perhaps this place isn't on their usual route, or he is curious that
there doesn't appear to be a farmhouse nearby. The speaker continues to stand near the woods, attracted
by the deep, dark silence of his surroundings. He feels compelled to move further into the snowy woods.
He and his horse have to go miles before they can sleep. But he ultimately decides to continue,
concluding with perhaps the most famous lines of the poem:
'But I have promises to keep, and miles to go before I sleep, and miles to go before I sleep.'
SLOW LEARNERS
Poem : Stopping by woods on a snowy evening

Poet : Robert Frost
Theme : Admiring Nature
 "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening" is a poem written in 1922 by

Robert Frost.
 Poet stops his horse in between the snowy wood to enjoy it.
 His horse shakes his harness bells, questioning the pause.
 Perhaps this place isn't on their usual route, or there is no farmhouse.
 The poet is attracted by the deep, dark silence of his surroundings.
 He feels compelled to move further into the snowy woods.
 Finally the poet realised that he had to perform many duties.
c. A promise seeks people together.

d. Some people make promises too easily
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e. Saying 'yes' is easier than refusal but can lead to
D. Identify the rhyme scheme used in each stanza.
disappointment and decrease in trust.
One example has been done for you.
f. Beofre making promises, consider the long-term
stanza rhyme scheme
input on your reputation
1 Aaba
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I. Write your presentation as an articale.
2 Bbcb
b. Though attracted to the peace and quiet of the woods.
3 Ccdc
the poet decides to go on to the village. Express
4 Dddd
your opinion on why the poet does so.
E. Complete the table by identifying lines, against J. You can use the following words while expressing
the poetic devices from the poem. One example your opinion. Write a short speech in not more
is done for you. than 100 – 150 words.
Poetic device Lines from the poem
My View… In my opinion…
Alliteration watch his woods
My belief… Speaking personally…
Personification To ask if there is some
mistake I am certain… I would say that…
Repetition And miles to go before I I presume… I have no doubt…
sleep I guess… From my point of view…
Imagery But I have promises to keep.
F. Listen to your teacher read a passage or play on a

recorder, on the importance of keeping
promises. As you listen, complete the blanks.
a. When you make a promise, keep it, even if it costs
you more than you expected.
b. Do not promise too much but deliver more then you
promise.
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Mary Botham Howitt (17991799-1888) was an English poet. She was born at
Coleford, in Gloucestershire. She was educated at home and read widely. She
commenced writing verses at a very early age. Together with her husband
William Howitt she wrote over 180 books.
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Spider Dangerous species It never came out It entered the spider’s room
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The spider began to praise the
It invited fly to his room
fly
The fly fell as a victim to the

The fly rejected the offer
praising words
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The spider is the dangerous species. One day, it sees a fly. In order to catch it in his cobweb, it requests the fly to
come to his room. It says that there are curious things to see in his room. Moreover, it says that there is bed to take rest.
But, the fly rejects the offer. She knows the cunningness of the spider. Immediately, the spider uses the praising words"
sweet creature", "handsome" and "brilliant" to change the mind of the fly. It says that he has mirror to look at her beauty.
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Then, the spider eagerly waits for the fly. As it was expected, the fly enters the web of the spider. It never came out.

“Will you walk into my par lour? Said the spider to the ‘eP vd; tuNtw;giwf;Fs; ele;J tUthah?’ rpye;jp
fly, <aplk; nrhd;dJ.
“Tis the prettiest little parlour that ever you did spy; eP ghh;j;jjpNyNa kpfTk; mofpaJ vd;Dila
The way into my parlour is up a winding star, tuNtw;giw vd;wJ.
And I’ve many curious things to show when you are Rw;wp RoYk; gbfs; topNa eP vd; tuNtw;giwf;F
there.” te;jhy;
cdf;F Mh;t%l;Lk; tp\aq;fis fhl;LfpNwd;”.
“oh no, no,” said the little Fly “to ask me is in vain, X Ntz;lhk; Ntz;lNt Ntz;lhk;! vd;wJ Fl;b <
For who goes up your winding stair eP vd;dplk; Nfl;gNj tPz;! Vnddpy; cd; Rw;wpR
Can never come down again.” RoYk; gb topNa NkNy nrd;wth;fs; ahUk;
kWgbAk; fPNo te;jNjapy;iy.
“I’ m sure you must be wear dear with soaring up so high, ehd; cWjpahf $WfpNwd;> eP caNu gwe;J gwe;J
Will you rest upon my little bed?” Said the spider to the kpfTk; fisj;J NghapUg;gha; md;Ng!
Fly. vd;Dila gLf;ifapy; te;J Xa;ntLg; ghah?
“There are pretty curtains drawn around; the sheets are md;Ng! vd;wJ <aplk;. mofpa jpiurPiyfs;
fine and thin Rw;wpYk; njhq;f mofpa nkd;ikahd tphpg;Gfs;
And if you like to rest awhile I’ll snugly tuck you in!” tphpf;fg;gl;l gLf;ifapy; Xa;thf eP gLj;jhy; ehd;
cd;id gLf;iff;Fs; ,jkhf Nghh;j;jp itg;Ngd;.
“Oh no, no” said the little Fly “for I’ve often heard it said, X Ntz;lhk;> Ntz;lNt Ntz;lhk; Vnddpy;
They never, never wake again, who sleep upon your bed!” cd;gLf;ifapy; gLj;j ahUk; kWgbAk; tpopj;J
vOe;jNjapy;iy vd ehd; Nfs;tpg;gl;bUf;fpNwd;.
Said the cunning spider to the Fly “Dear friend what can I md;Ng! MUaph; NjhopNa cd; kPjhd vd;
do, md;ig cdf;F ehd; vg;gb ep&gpg;Ngd; vd
To prove the warm affection I’ve always felt for you? je;jpukhd rpye;jp <aplk; nrhd;dJ.
I have within my pantry, good store of all that’s nice; vd; cf;fpuhz miwapy; cyfpd; rpwe;j
I’m sure you’re very welcome will you please to take a nghUs;fis vy;yhk; itj;jpUf;fpNwd;
slice?” te;J xU ghh;it ghh; cdf;F Ntz;baij
vLj;Jf; nfhs; vd;wJ rpye;jp
“Oh no, no,” said the little Fly, “Kind sir that cannot be, X ,y;iy ,y;iy cd; cf;fpukhd miwapy; vd;d
I’ve heard what’s in your pantry and I do not wish to eP itj;jpUf;fpwha; vd ehd; Nfs;tpgl;bUf;fpNwd;
vdNt mij ehd; ghh;ff ; Nt tpUk;gtpy;iy vd;wJ
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see!”
Fl;b <.
“ Sweet creature!” said the Spider. “you’re with and ‘,dpa capNu!’ eP mwpAk; tpNtfKk;
you’re wise, ngw;wpUf;fpwha;
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How handsome are your gauzy wings how brilliant are vt;tsT mofpa nky;ypa ,wf;iffSk;> xspkpf;f
your eyes! fz;fSk; ngw;wpUf;fpwha;>
I’ve a little looking glass upon my par lour shelf, vd;Dila tuNtw;giwapd; mykhhpapd; NkNy
If you’ll step in one moment dear you shall behold rpwpa Kfk; ghh;f;Fk; fz;zhb cs;sJ
yourself”. xU mb vLj;J cs;Ns itj;jha; vdpy; cd;
moif ePNa cd; fz;fshy; fhzyhk; vd;wJ
rpye;jp
“ I thank you gentle sir,” she said for what you’re pleased fdpthdtNu! ehd; cq;fSf;F ed;wp
to say, $WfpNwd;.fdpthd thh;j;ijfshy; vd;id
And bidding you good morning now I’ll call another re;Njhrg;gLj;jp tpl;Bh;fs;. fhiyahfptpl;lJ. ehd;
day”. ,d;ndhU ehs;
tUfpNwd; vd;wJ Fl;b <.
The spider turned him round about, and went into his den, rpye;jp jd; ,Ug;gplj;jpw;F jpUk;gpr; nrd;wJ
For well he knew the silly Fly would soon come back me;j Kl;lhs; < tpiutpy; jpUk;g tUk; vd
again; rpye;jpf;F njspthf njhpe;jJ.
So he wove a subtle web in a little corner sly, mJ xU El;gkhdtiyia xU %iyapy;
And set his table ready to dine upon the Fly. je;jpukhf nea;jJ.
gpd; < ia itj;J rhg;gpljd; rhg;ghl;L Nki[ia
jahh; nra;jJ rpye;jp.
Then he came out to his door again, and merrily did sing, gpd; kWgbAk; mJ jd; fjTf;F te;J re;Njhrkhf
“Come hither, hither, pretty Fly, with the pearl and silver ghbaJ. ‘,q;Nf th> ,q;Nf th> mofpa <Na
wing; nts;sp> Kj;J Nghd;w cd; ,wf;iffSld;> gr;ir
Your robes are green and purple there’s a crest upon your Cjh tz;z cilAld;> nfhz;ilAila
head; jiyAld;> ituk; Nghy; kpd;Dk; fz;fSld;
Your eyes are like the diamond bright but mine are dull as ,q;Nf th <Na ,q;Nf gwe;J th vd ghbaJ.
Mdhy; vd;DilaJ. vy;yhk; <ak; Nghy; xsp
lead!”
Fd;wpajhf ,Uf;fpwJ.
Alas, alas! how very soon this silly little Fly, ma;Nah ma;Nah vt;tsT tpiuthf ,e;j Gj;jp
nfl;l Fl;b < vd; je;jpukhd> ngha;ahd
Hearing his wily, flattering words, came slowly flitting
Gfo;r;rpAiufis Nfl;L> caukhf hPq;fhukpl;Lf;
by,
nfhz;L ,q;Nf tyk; tUfpwJ. neUq;fp> neUq;fp
With buzzing wings she hung aloft then near and nearer tUfpwJ. jd; xsp kpf;f fz;fisAk;> gr;ir Cjh
drew, tz;z mq;fpiaAk; vz;zpf;nfhz;L jd; jiy
Thinking only of her brilliant eyes, and green and purple Kfl;il kl;LNk vz;zpf;nfhz;L Kl;lhs;
hue - jdkhf mw;g tp\aq;fis vz;zpf; nfhz;L
gwe;J te;jJ.
Thinking only of her crested head - poor foolish thing!
At last, Kbtpy;> je;jpukhd rpye;jp me;j Fl;b < kPJ
%h;f;fkhf> Ntfkhf Fjpj;jJ> gpbj;J> mjd;
Up jumped the cunning Spider and fiercely held her fast.
Rw;wpr; RoYk; gbfspy; topNa mjd; ,Uz;l
He dragged her up his winding stair into his dismal den, gLgaq;fukhd FifFs; cs;s mjd; rpwpa
tuNtw;giwf;Fs;Ns ,Oj;Jr; nrd;wJ. mjd;

Within his little par lour but she ne’er came out again!
gpwF me;jf; Fl;b < jpUk;g ntspNa tutpy;iy.
And now dear little children who may this story read, ,g;nghOJ> rpW Foe;ijfNs> ,e;j fijia
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To idle, silly flattering words I pray you ne’er give heed; thrpf;Fk; ePq;fs; ahUila ngha;ahd Gfo;r;rp
Unto an evil counsellor, close heart and ear and eye. nkhopfis ek;gp mth;fspd; R+o;r;rp tiyapy;
And take a lesson from this tale of the Spider and the Fly. tpOe;Jtplf;$lhJ. nfl;l MNyhrh;fspd;
thHj;ijia ek;gpdhy; vd;d epfOk; vd;gjw;F
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ehk; rpye;jpAk;> <Ak; fijia xU ghlkhf vLj;Jf;
nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

parlour(n) - a tidy room in a house used for winding(v) - a twisting movement or course
entertaining guests
weary(v) - very tired, especially from hard work pantry(n) - a room where beverages, food,
dishes are stored
subtle(adj.) - delicate or faint and mysterious flattering(v) - to praise or compliment insincerely
counselor(n) - a person who advises
MEANINGS
creature - fellow curious - interested

snugly - securely pantry - food store
gleaming - sparkling subtle - delicate
sly - cunning/wicked hither - here
vain - useless robes - fine clothes
wily - cunning crested - raised part
Refers Means
stanza – 1 spider, parlour - a tidy room
my , I , your fly
stanza – 2 fly winding - a livisting movement
me , you spider
stanza – 3 spider wary - very tired
I, my, you fly
stanza – 4 pantry - a room for food
I, your
stanza – 5 fly subtle - delicate
I, my , you spider
stanza – 6 spider flattering - praise
I , your fly
stanza – 7 fly counsellor - a person who adviser

you, your, I spider
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stanza – 8 fly singly - comfortably
I, she, you spider
stanza – 9 fly tuck - fold
he, him, his spider
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stanza – 10 spider wily - cunning
he, mine, your fly
stanza – 11 spider flitting - flying lightly
his, she, her fly
stanza – 12 spider aloft - highly
she, her, he, his fly
stanza – 13 fly dismal - sad
I spider
den - a lying place of animals
heed - (give) attention
POEM LINES FIGURE OF SPEECH

1.Personification – Line 1
“Will you walk into my par lour? Said the spider 2.Alliteration – will, walk; prettiest-parlour, was,
S–1 to the fly, winding
Tis the prettiest little par lour is up a winding star, 3.Rhyming words – Fly –spy; stair-there
And I’ve many curious things to show when you 4.Rhyming sheme – a,a,b,b
are there.” 5.Consonance – prettiest – parlour
Assonance – L-2, it , is,oh, no , said the little Fly
“oh no, no, said the little fly to ask me is in vain, 1.Repetition – no, no
S-2 For who goes up your winding stair 2.Alliteration – can, came
Can never come down again.” 3. Rhyming words – vain – again
4. Rhyming scheme – a,b,a
S- 3 “i’ m sure you must be wear dear with soaring up 1. Alliteration – weary – with
so high, 2. Rhyming words – high-fly, this-is
Will you rest upon my little bed? Said the spider to 3. Rhyming scheme – a,a,b,b
the fly.
There are pretty curtains drawn around the sheets
are fine and thin
And if you like to rest awhile I’ll snugly tuck you
in”
S-4 "Oh no, no," said the little Fly, for I've often heard 1. Repetition – L-1, no, no, L-2 never, never
it said, They never, never wake again, who sleep 2. Personification – L-2 (sleep upon your bed)
upon your bed!" 3. Rhyming words – said – bed
4. Rhyming scheme –a,a
S- 5 said the cunning spider to the fly dear friend what 1. Alliteration – said-spider L-1, welcome – will
can I do, L-4
to prove the warm affection I’ve always felt for 2. Rhyming words – do-you, nice-slice
you? 3. Rhyming scheme – a,a,b,b
I have within my pantry good store of all that’s

nice;
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I’m sure you’re very welcome will you please to
take a slice?”
S–6 “oh no, no,” said the little fly kind sir that cannot 1. Repetition – no, no
be,
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I’ve heard what’s in your pantry and I do not wish
to see!”
S-7 “ Sweet creature said the spider you’re with and 1. Alliteration – seet, said, spider – L-1
you’re wise, 2.Repetitin – You're – you 're
How handsome are your gauzy wings how brilliant 3. Anephora – flow ….. How….. – L-2
are your eyes! 4. Rhyming words – wise – eyes, shelf-yourself
I’ve a little looking glass upon my par lour shelf, 5. Rhyming scheme – a,a,b,b
If you’ll step in one moment dear you shall behold
yourself”.
S- 8 “ I thank you gentle sir she said for what you’re 1. Alliteretion – sir, she, said – L-1
pleased to say, 2. Rhyming words – say-day3.
And bidding you good morning now I’ll call 3. Rhyming scheme – a,a
another day”.
S-9 The spider turned him round about and went into 1. Epithet – silly fly L-2
his den, 2. subtle web L-3
For well he knew the silly fly would soon come 3. Assomance – So he wore – L-3
back again; 4. Rhyming words – den-again, shy-fly4.
So he wove a subtle web in a little corner sly, 5. Rhyming scheme – a,a,b,b
And set his table ready to dine upon the fly.
S-10 Then he came out to his door again and merrily did 1. Repetition – hither, hiter – L-2
sing, 2. Simile – L-4 (your eyes are like the diamond
“ Come hither, hither pretty fly with the pearl and bright, but min dull as lead)
silver wing; 3. Rhyming words – sing –wing, head-lead,
Your robes are green and purple there’s a crest a,a,b,b
upon your head;
Your eyes are like the diamond bright but mine are
dull as lead!”
S-11 Alas, alas! how very soon this silly little fly, 1. Repetition – Alas, alas
Hearing his wily, flattering words came slowly 2. Alliteretion – soom – silly – L-1
flitting by, 3. with-wing – L-3
With buzzing wings she hung aloft then near and 4. Alliteration – soon silly – L-1
nearer drew, 5. Anaphora – Thinhing cry …L-3,4
Thinking only of her brilliant eyes and green and 6. Rhyming words – fly – by, drew –hue
purple hue 7. Rhyming scheme – a,a,b,b,c
Thinking only of her crested head poor foolish
thing!
S-12 At last, 1. Alliteration – fiercedy – fort, held-her-L-2,
Up jumped the cunning spider and fiercely held dismal den
her fast. 2. Rhyming words – Left-fast , den –again
He dragged her up his winding stair into his dismal 3. Rhyming scheme – a,a,b,b
den,
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Within his little par lour but she ne’er came out
again!
S-13 And now dear little children who may this story 1. Poetic Dicture – idle,sill, fcettering – L-2
read, 2. Alliteration – courn sellor – close – L-3, fake –
To idle silly flattering words I pray you ne’er give
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fake
heed;
Unto an evil counsellor, close heart and ear and 3. Rhyming words – read-heed, ey-fly
eye. 4. Rhyming scheme – a,a,b,b
And take a lesson from this tale of the spider and
the fly
a) List out words used by the spider to describe

the fly.
Read the following lines and answer the The words used by the spider to describe the
questions: fly are "sweet creature'" "witty", "wise",
1. "The way into my parlour is up a winding stair, "handsome" and "brilliant".
And I've many curious things to show when you b) Why does the spider say that the fly is witty?
are there" The spider says that the fly is witty because it
a) How to reach the spider's parlour. will be moved easily by the praising words.
The spider's parlour can be reached by going 4. The Spider turned him round about, and went
inside the spiral shaped web. into his den,
b) What will the fly get to see in the parlour? For well he knew the silly fly would soon come
The fly will see curious things in the parlour. back again.
2. "Oh no, no," said the little Fly, "kind sir, that a) Why is the poet using the word den to
cannot be, describe the spider's web?
I've heard what's in your pantry, and I do not The poet is using the word den to describe the
wish to see!" spider's web because the spider's web is as
a) Is the fly willing to enter the spider's pantry? dangerous as the den.
No, the fly is not willing to enter the spider's b) Why was the spider sure that the fly would
pantry. come back again?
b) Can you guess what was in the pantry? The spider was sure that the fly would come
The fly would be caught in the pantry and back again because it was moved by the
would become a prey. flattering words of the spider.
3. "Sweet creature" said the Spider, "you're witty 5. With buzzy wings she hung aloft, then near and
and you're wise, nearer drew,
How handsome are your gauzy wings, how Thinking only of her brilliant eyes, and green
brilliant are your eyes!" and purple hue-
a) Who does 'she' refer to?
'She' refers to the fly.
b) What was 'she' thinking of?
'She' was thinking of her brilliant eyes.
6. And now dear little children, who may this b) What is the place did the spider asked the fly
story read, to take rest?
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To Idle, Silly flattering words, I pray you ne'er The spider asked the fly to take rest in its bed.
give heed: 3. "There are pretty curtains drawn around, the
a) Who does 'I' refer to? sheets are fine and thin,
'I' refers to the poet. And if you like to rest a while, I'll snugly tuck
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b) What is the advice given to the readers? you in."
The advice given to the readers is not to give a) Where the pretty curtains are drawn
ears to the praising words. around?
The pretty curtains are drawn around the bed.
b) Who is ready to snugly tuck the fly in?
1. "Will you walk into my parlor?" said the spider The spider is ready to snugly tuck the fly in.
to the fly; 4. Said the cunning spider to the fly, "Dear friend,
"'Tis the prettiest little parlor that ever you did what shall I do,
spy. To prove the warm affection I've always felt for
a) How the spider's parlor is described? you?
The spider's parlor is described as a prettiest a) Who is cunning?
little parlor. The spider is cunning
b) To whom the invitation is sent? b) Who is wished to prove the warm affection?
The welcome invitation is sent to the fly. To whom?
2. "I'm sure you must be weary, dear, with The spider is wished to prove the warm
soaring up so high; affection to the fly.
Will you rest upon my little bed?" said the 5. "I thank you, gentle sir," she said, "for what
spider to the fly. you're pleased to say,
a) Why the spider asked the fly to take rest? And bidding you good-morning now, I'll call
The fly was so tired so the spider asked the fly another day."
to take rest. a) Who is referred to 'she'?
'She' is referred to the fly.
b) Who is saying 'good morning'? To whom?
The fly is saying 'good morning' to the spider.
C- 1. Write the character sketch of the spider.

Spider is a character in the poem "The spider and the Fly", written by Marry Howitt. It has the skill of
flattery. The spider flatters the fly to trap her into his parlor. He tries a different tactic. He offers the fly a
pretty and comfortable place to sleep. But the fly refuses. He tries to flatter the fly by praising her appearance.
"Your eyes are like the diamond bright, but mine are dull as lead!" (10th stanza)
And he invites her in to look into a mirror. He compares to the spider's less appealing appearance. In
stanza five, the spider knows it has won. He begins preparations to feast on the fly.
"Hearing his wily, flattery words, came slowly flitting by;" (11th stanza)
The fly comes by to hear more flattery about its beauty, and the spider strikes, taking the fly into its parlor.
Thus the spider makes the fly as its prey.
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2. What happens if we fall a prey to flattery? Give instances from the poem 'The Spider and the Fly'.
If we fall a prey to flattery we will be destroyed. Take a lesson from "The Spider and the Fly”. Be
distrustful of useless. Sweet talk is insincere. Not all praise or advice is genuine. Therefore we must be careful
of listening to others. For that matter, the poet like us not coming into contact at all with sweet tongued
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people.
3. In your own words give a detailed description of.
A. the spider's parlor:
The Spider's parlor has a comfortable little bed, with light sheets to rest on. It is a quiet place, with pretty
curtains drawn around to make it cool and dark. The perfect atmosphere to 'snugly tuck' in. This means to
ensure a comfortable snooze.
Will you rest upon my little bed?" said the spider to the fly
"There are pretty curtains drawn around; the sheets are fine and thin, (3rd stanza)
B. The Fly's Appearance:
The spider begins to praise her loveliness. The fly has beautiful wings. He talks about those gauzy wings
and brilliant eyes. The 'robes of green and purple' refers to the color of the fly's body, the 'crest' or crown
likely the fly's antenna. 'Gauzy wings' have now become 'pearl and silver wing', 'brilliant eyes' are now 'eyes
like diamond bright'.
"…with the pearl and silver wing;
Your robes are green and purple – there's a crest upon your head;
Your eyes are like the diamond bright, but mine are dull as lead!" (10th stanza)
AVERAGE STUDENTS
Poem : The Spider and the Fly

Poet : Mary Botham Howitt
Theme : Flattery
“The spider and the Fly”, is written by Mary Howitt. It has the skill of flattery. The spider flatters the
fly to trap her into his parlor. The Spider's parlor has a comfortable little bed, with light sheets to rest on.
It is a quiet place, with pretty curtains drawn around to make it cool and dark. But the fly does not flatter.
So it tries to praise her loveliness. The fly has beautiful wings. He talks about those gauzy wings and
brilliant eyes. The 'robes of green and purple' refers to the color of the fly's body, the 'crest' or crown
likely the fly's antenna. 'Gauzy wings' have now become 'pearl and silver wing'. 'brilliant eyes' are now
'eyes like diamond bright'. Now the fly is yielded to the spider. Slowly it became a prey to the spider.
SLOW LEARNERS
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Poem : The Spider and the Fly
Poet : Mary Botham Howitt
Theme : Flattery
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 "The spider and the Fly", is written by Mary Howitt.
 A spider flatters the fly to eat it.
 The Spider has a comfortable little bed and sheets in parlor.
 A quiet place, with pretty curtains and dark.
 The fly does not give in by these words.
 So it tries to praise her loveliness.
 The fly has beautiful, gauzy pearl and silver wings; brilliant and diamond bright
eyes.
 Green and purple body; crown like the fly's antenna.
 It makes a round and return and became a prey to the spider.
B. Complete the summary by filling in the spaces 1. Consonance : Repetition of similar consonant
with suitable words. sounds in the neighboring words.
The poem begins with the spider's praise of the fly. Ex: T'is the prettiest little parlour that ever you did
He requests to the fly to come into its home. The spider spy;
describes his parlor as the prettiest one. The spider Pick out one more instance of consonance from
kindles the curiosity of the fly so that she may enter his the poem.
home. Fortunately, the fly was alert and refused to get 2. Assonance : Repetition of similar vowel sounds in
into his home. Now the spider pretends to be a the neighbouring words.
harmless and asks her to come and rest in his home. He Ex: 'T is the prettiest little parlour that ever you
offers her bed and a sheet to rest. This time also the fly did spy;
rejects the spider's offer very politely. The next weapon Pick out one more instance from the poem.
that the spider uses is flattery. The spider praises the 3. Anaphora : Repetition of a word or a phrase at the
wings and eyes of the fly and also praises her robes. He beginning of a sequence of sentences, paragraphs
invites her to look at herself in the mirror which is in and lines.
his par lour. The fly is moved by the words of the Ex. How handsome are your gauzy wings, how
spider and she falls a prey to her words. brilliant are your eyes!
Identify the figures of speech
“Your eyes are like the diamond bright, but mine
are dull as lead!”
4. Alliteration: Repetition of consonant sounds \ at

the beginning of words.
Listen to the passage and fill in the blanks with
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Pick out the words in alliteration.
"Sweet creature!" said the Spider,"You're appropriate answers.
witty and you're wise," 1. Without trust there is no relationship.
2. Trust is a very rare thing to find in life.
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3. When people betray you learn from the situation
4. Don't let small bumps on the road threw you
back.
If we keep moving forward you will have a
wonderfully fulfilling life
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Norman Little ford |(18 May 1889 – 20 May 1947) was an American poet,
born in Mayland, USA and most of his works focused on life and nature. The
poems are simple but deep in thought and provoke the readers to absorb the
ideas beyond the usual.
Bright Comets
Faster than a cheetah Wha path do comets follow
Scientist observes the comet No better spectacle than a comet in full flight
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The Comet huge like mountain Characteristics of the comet
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focused on life and nature orter 2 ice melts
travels all the day night vapour rise and leaves behind
Comes near to earth-destroy

speed compared to cheetah
some part of the earth
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This poem is written by Norman Littleford. The poet describes a moving comet which speeds through the heavens
and it never takes a break. It speeds through day and night. A comet is an icy small solar body which warms and when it
passes close to the sun and begins to release gases that are seen on rare occasions from the earth as a bright line in the
sky. It is a wonderful spectacle to view the Comet to a Cheetah which runs very fast. It is bigger than a mountain and is
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so powerful and strong. The outer ice melts which causes a vapour from the force and leaves behind a trail, as it travels
on the way. When the Comet comes close to the atmosphere of the earth, it results in a shake which in turn produces a
shock wave that reaches the earth's surface, causing great damage. According to the scientists, the comets leave behind
chemicals in the form of dust which resulted in the emerging of life and mankind came into existence. The poet is not
sure whether it is true or false. But he knows for sure, the sight of the Comet in full flight is the best spectacle.

Rampaging through the heavens thd;ntspapy; Xa;T ,d;wp ,uTk; gfYk; tho;ehspd;
Never stopping day or night, mjpra Njhw;wj;ij nfhz;L
A spectacle of a lifetime xU KO tPr;rpy; gwe;J nfhz;bUf;Fk;
A comet in full light. #whtsp Nghd;w thy;el;rj;jpuk;.
Faster than a cheetah rpWj;ijia tpl ,d;Dk; Ntfkhfmjd; thypd; ePsNkh
With a tail that’ miles long, gy iky; J}uk;kiyiatpl ngupajhfkpfTk; rf;jp
Bigger than a mountain tha;e;jjhf cWjpahfgazpf;Fk; thy;el;rj;jpuk;.
The outer ice is melting thy;el;rj;jpuk; gazpf;Fk; nghOJ> cUFk;
Causing vapor from the force, mjd; ntspg;Gw gzp xUePuhtp rf;jpia mJ NghFk;
And leaves a trail behind it ghijapy;cUthfp mJ gazpf;Fk; ghijapy; xUmofpa
As it travels on its course. jlj;ij Vw;gLj;JfpwJ.
If one should come too close to earth ,e;j thy;el;rj;jpuq;fspy; VNjDk; xd;W g+kpf;F kpf
The atmosphere will shake, mUfpy; tUk; nghOJ
with shockwave reaching to the ground tspkz;lyNk FYq;Fk;.mJ jiuapuq;fpa ,lj;jpy; g+kp
Causing the land to quake. mjpHTk; mij Rw;wp g+kpapy; xU mjpHT tisaj;ij
cUthf;FfpwJ.
Scientists say the chemicals thy; el;rj;jpuk; tpl;Lr; nry;Yk; Jfs;fs; g+kpapy;
In the dust they leave behind, jd;tho;it njhlq;fp mjd; ,urhadq;fspd; kpr;rk;
Could have started life on the earth kdpj ,dj;jpd; kPJk; tpidGuptjhf tpQ;Qhdpfs;
Which resulted in mankind. $Wfpd;wdH.
I cannot say if this is true Mdhy; ,J cz;ikNah my;yJ ngha;Nah
I do not have the right, mijnrhy;Yk; cupik vdf;F ,y;iy vdpDk; ,J
But I know no better spectacle KOtPr;rpy; epw;fhky; gazpf;Fk; thy;el;rj;jpuj;jpd;
Than a comet in full light. tho;ehspd; xU fhl;rpahFk;.
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Word Meanign Word Meaning
rampaging - going through an area making a lot of noise spectacle - an unusual or unexpected event
(v) and causing damage (n) or situation that attracts
attention, interest
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comet (n) - an icy small Solar body, which when trail (n) - a path often made or used for a
passing close to the Sun, warms and begins particular purpose
to release gases that are seen on rare
occasions from the earth as a bright line in
the sky
quake (v) - a sudden violent movement of the earth's
surface, some times causing great damage
(short form of earthquake).
Refers Means
They comet rampaging - going through an and ---- noise
I poet
shock wave a movement of very high air spectacle - a sight
pressne caused by a comet
spectacle the falling of a comet comet - an icy small folar body
trail - path
quake - a sadden violent movement of the
earth's surface.
POEM LINES FIGURE OF SPEECH

Rampaging through the heavens 1. The Rhyming scheme of the poem is – a,b,c,b
S–1 Never stopping day or night,
A spectacle of a lifetime
A comet in full light.
With a tail that's miles long,
Bigger than a mountain
The outer ice is melting Rhyming words are
S-2 Causing vapor from the force, S-1 – night – flight
And leaves a trail behind it S-2 – long – strong
As it travels on its course. S-3 – force – course
If one should come too close to earth S-4 – shake – quath
The atmosphere will shake, S-5 – behind – mankind
with shockwave reaching to the ground S-6 – right – flight
Causing the land to quake.
S- 3 Scientists say the chemicals Alliteration -

In the dust they leave behind, S-1 – So-strong
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Could have started life on the earth S-2 – from – force
which resulted in mankind. S-3 – come – close
S-4 – causing – quake
I cannot say if this is true S-5 – scientist – saws
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I do not have the right,
But I know no better spectacle
Than a comet in full light.
a) What does the word 'they' refer to?

'They' refers to the Comets.
Read the following lines and answer the b) According to scientists, how did life start on
questions: earth?
1. Rampaging through the heavens According to scientists, the comets leave
Never stopping day or night, behind chemicals in the form of dust which
a) How does the comet travel? make the life start on earth.
The comet travels by making a lot of noise. 5. But I know no better spectacle
b) Which word could you replace 'rampaging' Than a comet in full flight.
with? a) Who does 'I' refer to?
a. charging b. rolling 'I' refers to the poet.
c. speeding d. wing b) What is the best spectacle mentioned in the
2. Faster than a cheetah above lines?
With a tail that's miles long, A moving comet is the best spectacle
a) Why is the comet compared to a cheetah? mentioned in the above lines.
The comet is compared with Cheetah for its
sheer speed.
b) Whose tail is compared here? 1. A spectacle of lifetime
The tail of comet is compared here. A comet in full flight
3. With shockwave reaching to the ground a) What is the spectacle of a lifetime?
Causing the land to quake A comet in full flight is the spectacle of a
a) What is reaching to the ground? lifetime.
The shock wave is reaching to the ground. It b) What do you mean by the word 'spectacle'?
was caused by Comet. It means an unusual or unexpected event or
b) What is causing the land to quake? situation which attracts attention and
The comet causes a shake which in turn interest.
produces a shock wave. It causes the land to c) Write out the words of alliteration.
quake. Full and flight are the words of alliteration.
4. In the dust they leave behind, 2. 'With a tail that's miles long,
Could have started life on the earth Bigger than a mountain
Which resulted in mankind So powerful and strong
a) What is bigger than a mountain? As it travels on its course.

A comet is bigger than a mountain. a) What is melting?
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b) What is the figure of speech employed by the The outer ice is melting.
poet? b) Which causes vapor?
Metaphor The outer ice causes vapour / vapor.
c) How long is the tail? c) What is caused from the force of the comet?
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The tail is a mile long. Vapor is caused from the force of the comet.
d) Is the comet powerful and strong? d) Write out the rhyming words.
Yes, the comet is powerful and strong. Force and course are the rhyming words.
3. The outer ice is melting e) Mention the rhyme scheme used in the above
Causing vapour from the force stanza.
And leaves a trail behind it abcb
1. Narrate how the poet describes the comet.

The poet Norman Littleford describes a moving comet with vivid images. It speeds through the heavens. A
comet is an icy small solar body. When it passes close to the sun, it is warm and begins to release the gases
that are seen rarely form earth in a bright line in the sky. We can compare the spectacular scene of the comet
with nothing else. The comet can be compared to the Cheetah. The poet also compares the comet to a
powerful mountain for its strength.
With a tail that's miles long
2. Give a detailed account of the serious effects caused by the comet to the earth.
The poet describes the moving comet which speeds through the heavens. If the comet comes very close to
the atmosphere, it causes a wave which in turn produces a shock wave that reaches the earth's surface.
According to the scientists, the chemicals in form of the dust that the comets leave behind could have resulted
life on the earth. As a result mankind came into existence. But the poet is not sure about this.
AVERAGE STUDENTS
Poem : The Comet

Poet : Norman Littleford
Theme : Strength of the Comet
Norman Littleford (18 May 1889 – 1947) was an American poet, born in Maryland, USA. Most of his
works focused on life and nature. The poet describes the story of the comet how it travels all day and all
night and still it is with the full energy. The poet is comparing the speed of the comet with the cheetah but
the poet is also describing the size of the comet that it is very huge just like a mountain. The outer ice of
the comet is melting and causes the vapour to rise, and it leaves a trail behind its own way. And it is so
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huge that if it comes near to the earth, it will leave the earth destroyed or some part of the earth will be
destroyed. So the poem is just directed towards the characteristics of the comet and the nature of it.
SLOW LEARNERS
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Poem : The Comet
Poet : Norman Littleford
Theme : Strength of the Comet
 Norman Littleford was an American poet.

 This poem is about the comet's travel.
 The speed of the comet is compared with the cheetah and a mountain.
 The outer ice melts and causes the vapour.
 It leaves a trail behind its own way.
 If it nears earth, it will destroy the earth.
 So the poem shows characteristics of the comet and its nature.
form of dust which resulted in the emerging of life on

earth and mankind came into existence. But the poet is
not sure whether this principle is true or not but he
A. Complete the summary by filling in the given
knows for sure that whatever the truth may be, the sight
spaces with suitable words/ phrases given below
of the comet in full light is the best spectacular.
a trail best spectacu outer a
B. Poem Appreciation
spectac lar ice cheetah
If one should come too close to earth
ular scene
The atmosphere will shake
day emergi powerfu shock scientist With shock wave reaching to the ground
or ng of l and wave s Causing the land to quake.
night life strong 1. Pick out the rhyming words.
The poet describes a moving comet which speeds Shake, quake
through the heavens and never takes a break by day or 2. Mention the rhyme scheme of the stanza.
night. When a comet is in full light, it gives a Abcb
spectacular scene which can never be compared to 3. When you read the poem aloud, you can feel /
anything else for a lifetime. The comet is compared to a hear a rhythm. What according to you give
cheetah for its speed and a mountain as it is powerful rhythm to the poem – the rhymes or the words
and strong. The outer ice melts which causes a vapour in a line. Support the answer with examples
from the force and leaves behind a trail as it travels on from the poem.
its way. If it comes very close to the atmosphere, it The rhythmic words in the poem gives a rhythm to
causes a shake which in turn produces a shock wave the poem.
that reach the Earth's surface. According to the
scientists the comets leave behind chemicals in the
Astronaut : Well! I am Adarsh from Delhi.

Reporter : What was the mission about?
*Listen to the passage on 'Comet' and ll in the
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Astronaut : I went to Mars along with a crew.
blanks by choosing the correct answer. Reporter : What type of food did you consume?
1. Comets are believed to be remnants of the materials Astronaut : I consumed a package full of
created by the __________ proteins and nutrients which was
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a) Moon b) Sun c) star d) asteroids supplied by NASA.
2. Comets are mostly made of _________ Reporter : How did you feel on the Mars?
a) dust b) ice c) sand d) snow Astronaut : Yeah I was very excited.
3. The _______ can be seen in the night sky as a bright, Reporter : Is it really difficult to become an
quickly – moving light. astronaut?
a) head b) star c) tail d) wings Astronaut : Nothing is difficult when you like
4. Comets orbit at the very edge of the galaxy, past the what you do. All you have to do is to
______ study hard, gain a lot of knowledge
a) Earth b) Neptune c) Pluto d) Satur and a lot of patience to survive in
5. State whether the statement is true or false space.
The melting process causes bits of dust and debris Reporter : Thank you sir for your valuable
to trail behind the comet. guindance.
B. Complete the summary (Text Page 97) Astronaut : Thank you.
Examples:
 Never stopping day or night
A comet in full flight G. WRITING : (Text Page 98)
 Causing vapor from the force Imagine that you and your friend get a chance to
As it travels on its course visit another planet. There you befriend an alien
 I do not have the right who takes you around the planet. After reaching
Than a comet in full flight the earth, write a letter thanking him for all the
 With a tail that's miles long help he did.
So powerful and strong
Earth,
 In the dust they leave behind th
11 January 2019.
Which resulted in mankind
My Dear Sophia,
 The atmosphere will shake
Hope you are hale and healthy in
Causing the land to quake
Pluto. Here I and Vinu landed safely. We are very
happy to have you as our first alien friend. You are
F. SPEAKING: (Text page 98) really wonderful alien friend. You took us to
Imaging you are interviewing an astronaut about almost to all the places in Pluto. Try to come to
his / her experiences in space. Select a partner to be earth. We shall take you around the world.
an astronaut and present the interview as a role play Lovingly Yours,
in front of the class. Kanmani & Vino.
Reporter : This is live from NASA. An
astronaut has just returned from space. Let me ask
him a few questions about his experience. Excuse
me Sir, I am Rajesh from NEWS 7 Channel. I wish
to interview you. Kindly introduce yourself.
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SUPPLEMENTARY
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Isaac Asimov, born on January 2nd, 1920 was an American writer and
professor of Biochemistry at Boston University. He was known for his
work of science fiction and "popular science'. Asimov was a prolific
writer and edited more than 500 books, an estimated 90,000 letters and
postcards. Asimov wrote "Hard Science Fiction' along with Robert A.
Heinlein and Arthur
thur C. Clarke. He was considered one of the best
science fiction writers during his lifetime.
CULTIVATING THE A CLASSROOM FUTURE

HABIT OF READING SITUATION
CLASSROOM IN 2157 ROBOT ADVANCED ROBOT
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Margie and
Tommy were
friends
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In the year
Ancient 2157, they saw
school- a printed book
Happiest life
Margie
classroom Next
to her bedroom
Margie hated her
Except school teacher. It
Saturday & conducted tests
Sunday-classes often and corrected
conducted in no time
Hundreds of years ago,
the teacher-human
being school-Building
Discuss-Homework
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Margie was eleven. Tommy was thirteen. They were friends. In the year 2157, they happened to see a printed book.
It was about school. Margie hated school. In her school, she had a mechanical teacher. It used to conduct tests often.
When she could not study geography well, the Country Inspector was called to check. She wished that there was no more
mechanical teacher. But it was brought back. Margie hated the slot where she had to put homework and test papers. It
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was corrected by her teacher in no time. Tommy began to say about the school in the past. Hundreds of years ago, the
teacher was a human being. The school was a big building, where the students went and studied. It was funny for Margie
to read about that. Next, she was called by her mother to the school room. It was next to her bedroom. Margie entered.
The mechanical teacher began to teach arithmetic. Margie was reminded of the school in the past. At that time, the
students could have enjoyed together in the ground. They might have discussed their homework and helped each other. It
might be a great fun.
SUPPLEMENTARY ENGLISH
Jizg;ghlk; jkpo; tphpthf;fk;
EXPLANATION
Now, share your views about the changes that you ,g;nghOJ> cq;fs; tFg;G Njhoh;fSk; ePq;fSk; ,d;Dk;
and your classmates expectin your school and 20-50 Mz;Lfspy; tFg;giwapy; epfOk; vd
classroom in about 20-50 years. vjph; ghh; fF; k; khw; w q; f isg; gw; w pa cq; f s; fUj; J f; fs;
gfph;e;J nfhs;Sq;fs;.
Read the story to find out how a student like 2157 Mk; Mz;by; khh;fp Nghd;w xU khzth; vt;thW
Margie studies in the year 2157. fw;Wf;nfhs;fpwhh; vd;gij mwpa ,e;jf;fijia
gbAq;fs;.
Margie even wrote about it that night in her diary. md;wpuNt khh;fp mijg;gw;wp jdJ ilhpapy; vOjpdhs;.
On the page headed 17 May 2157, she wrote, 2157> Nk-17 vd;w gf;fj;jpy; ‘lhkp xU cz;ikahd
“Today Tommy found a real book!” Gj;jfj;ij ,d;W fz;Lgpbj;jhd;’ vd;W vOjpdhs;.
It was a very old book. Margie’s grandfather once mJ xU kpf goikahd Gj;jfk;. khh;fpapd; jhj;jh xU
said that when he was a little boy his grandfather ehs; mtsplk; jdJ rpWtajpy; midj;J fijfSk;
told him that there was a time when all stories were jhs;fspNy mr;rplg;gl;Nl ,Uf;Fk; vd;W $wpdhh;.
printed on paper.
They turned the pages, which were yellow and jpiuapy; efh;e;J nfhz;Nl ,Uf;Fk; vOj;Jf;fis
crinkly, and it was awfully funny to read words that ghh;j;j mth;fSf;F> jhq;fs; njhl;Lj; jpUg;gpa
stood still instead of moving the way they were kQ;rshd me;j frq;fpa fhfpjq;fspy; cs;s
supposed to - on a screen, you know. And then vOj;Jf;fs; efuhky; ,Ug;gij thrpg;gij Ntbf;ifahf
when turned back to the page before, it had the ,Ue;jJ. gbj;J Kbj;j gf;fj;ij kWgbAk; ghh;f;Fk;
nghOJ mNj thh;j;ijfs; Kjypy; thrpj;jJ mg;gbNa
same words on it that it had when they read it the
,Ue;jJ
first time.
“Gee!”, said Tommy, “What a waste. When you’re ‘[P’ - vd;d xU tPz;. ,e;j Gj;jfj;ijg; gbj;J Kbj;jJk;
through with the book, you just throw it away, I J}f;fp vwpe;J tplj;jhd; Ntz;Lk; vd fUJfpNwd;.
guess. Our television screen must have had a Mdhy; ekJ njhiyf;fhl;rpg; ngl;bapy; kpy;ypad;
million books on it and it’s good for plenty more. I fzf;fhd Gj;jfq;fs; Vuhskhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ.
wouldn’t throw it away.” mitfis J}f;fp vwpaj; Njitapy;iy.
“Same with mine,” said Margie. She was eleven ‘vdf;Fk; mg;gbNa Njhd;WfpwJ’ vd;W $wpdhs; khh;fp.
and hadn’t seen as many telebooks as Tommy had. mtSf;F gjpndhU taJ> mts; lhkp ghh;j;j msTf;F
kpd;D}y;fs; khh;fp ghh;jj
; J ,y;iy. lhkp -f;F taJ
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He was thirteen.
gjp%d;W.
She said, “Where did you find it?” ‘,ij vq;Nf fz;Lgpbj;jha;?” vd;W Nfl;lhs;.
“In my house”. He pointed without looking, mtd; thrpg;gjpy; ftdk; nrYj;jpajhy;> epkph;e;J
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because he was busy reading. “In the attic.” ghuhkNy irif nra;J fhl;bdhd;> ‘vdJ tPl;by;”
‘guz; Nky;”.
“What’s it about?” vijg; gw;wpaJ ,J?
“School.” ‘gs;spf; $lk;’.
Margie was scornful. “School ? What’s there to khh;fp ntWg;Gld; ‘];$y;’ vd;W Kfk; Rspj;jhs;.
write about school? I hate school.” gs;spia gw;wp vOj vd;d ,Uf;fpwJ. ehd;
gs;spf;$lj;ij ntWf;fpNwd;.
Margie always hated school, but now she hated it khh;fp vg;nghOJk; gs;spia ntWg;ghs;. Mdhy;
more than ever. The mechanical teacher had been ,g;nghOJ mjpfkhf ntWf;fpwhs;. mtsJ ,ae;jpu
giving her test after test in geography and she had Mrphpah; mtSf;F epytpay; ghlj;jpy; mbf;fb ghPl;ir
been doing worse and worse until her mother had itj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhs;. mtsJ mk;khNt Nrhfkhf
shaken her head sorrowfully and sent for the ghPl;ir Ntz;lhk; vd;W nrhy;Yk; tiu
country inspector. nfhLikg;gLj;jpaJ. gpd;dh;> mk;kh me;j Chpd;
Nkw;ghh;itahsiu mioj;jhs;.
He was a round little man with a red face and a
mtUf;F rpte;j cUz;ikahd Kfk;. mtUila
whole box of tools with dials and wire. He smiled
ngl;bapy; fUtpfSk;> fk;gpfSk; ,Ue;jd. mth;
at Margie and gave her an apple, then took the
khh;f;fpiag; ghh;j;J> Gd;difj;J> xU Mg;gpisf;
teacher apart. Margie had hoped he wouldn't know
nfhLj;J> me;j ,ae;jpu Mrphpaiu mioj;jhh;.
how to put it together again, but he knew how all khh;f;fpapd; tpUg;gk;>mtUf;F mij rhpghh;j;J kPz;Lk;
right, and, after an hour or so, there it was again, nfhLf;f njhpaf;$lhJ vd;gJjhd;. Mdhy;> xU kzp
large and black and ugly, with a big screen on Neuj;jpw;Fs;> mij rhp nra;J> vy;yh ghlq;fSk;>
which all the lessons were shown and the questions Nfs;tpfSk; tUk;gb fhl;bdhh;. mJ Nkhrkhf
were asked. That wasn't so bad. The part Margie njhpatpy;iy. khh;fpntWf;Fk; xd;W vd;dntd;why;>
hated most was the slot where she had to put tPl;Lg;ghlq;fSk;> ghPl;ir vOJtJk; MFk;. mij xU
homework and test papers. She always had to write JisapLk; fUtpapy; vOj Ntz;LK;. ,ij> mtsJ
them out in a punch code they made her learn when Mwhk; tajpNy fw;Wf;nfhz;lhs;. ,ae;jpu Mrphpah;
she was six years old, and the mechanical teacher ,ij xU rpy epkplq;fspy; jpUj;jptpLths;.
calculated the marks in no time.
The inspector had smiled ofter he was finished and ,ae;jpu Nkw;ghh;itahsh;> jdJ Ntiy Kbe;jTld;
patted Margie’s head. He said to her mother, "It’s khh;fpapd; jiyia jl;bdhh;. 'jpUkjp.N[hd;];> ,J
not the little girl’s fault, Mrs. Jones. I think the rpWkpapd; jtW my;y. ,jpy; cs;s Gtpapy; gFjp
geography sector was geared a little too quickly. Ntfkhf cs;sJ. ,J rpy Neuk; elf;Fk;. ehd; mij
Those things happen sometimes. I’ve slowed it up ghh;j;J taJ Foe;ijf;Nfw;g khw;wp cs;Nsd;. mtsJ
to an average ten year level. Actually, the overall Kd;Ndw;wk; jpUg;jpfukhf cs;sJ. kWgbAk;> khh;fpapd;
jiyia jl;bdhh;.
pattern of her progress is quite satisfactory.” And
khh;fp Vkhw;wk; mile;jhs;. mts;> ,ae;jpu Mrphpaiu
he patted Margie’s head again.
J}f;fpf; nfhz;L Ngha;tpLthh;fs; vd;W epidj;jhs;.
Margie was disappointed. She had been hoping
,jw;F Kd;dh;> lhkpapd; Mrphpaiu tuyhW gFjp
they would take the teacher away altogether. They
fhypahdjhy;> xU khjk; nfhz;L nrd;wdh;.
had once taken Tommy’s teacher away for nearly a
mjdhy;> mts; lhkpaplk;> 'gs;spiag; gw;wpnay;yhk; Vd;
month because the history sector had blanked out vOJfpwhh;fs;?" vd;W Nfl;fpwhh;fs;.
completely.
So she said to Tommy, “Why would anyone write
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about school?”
Tommy looked at her with very superior eyes. lhkp> mtis fh;tj;Jld; ghh;j;jhd;. 'Kl;lhs;> ,J ehk;
“Because it’s not our kind of school, stupid. This is gbf;fpd;w gs;spf;$lk; fpilahJ. gy E}W
the old kind of school that they had hundreds and tUlq;fSf;F Kd; cs;s gs;sp MFk;" mtd; kWgbAk;>
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hundreds of years ago.” He added loftily 'E}w;whz;LfSf;F Kd;" vd;whd;.
pronouncing the word carefully, “Centuries ago.” khh;fpapd; kdJ fhak; mile;jJ. 'vdf;F mth;fspd;
Margie was hurt. “Well I don't know what kind of gs;spf;$lk; vg;go ,Ue;jJ vd;W njhpahJ". jdJ
Njhs; Nky; ,Ue;j Gj;jfj;ijg; ghh;j;J> 'vJ vg;gbNah>
school they had all that time ago.” She read the
mth;fSf;Fk; Mrphpah; ,Ue;jhh;."
book over his shoulder for a while, then said,
Mkhk; mth;fSf;Fk; Mrphpah; ,Ue;jhh;. Mdhy;> ekJ
“Anyway, they had a teacher.”
Mrphpaiug; Nghy my;y. mth;fs; kdpjh;fs;".
“Sure they had a teacher, but it was not a regular
'kdpjdh? vt;thW xU kdpjd; Mrphpauhf Mf
teacher. It was a human.”
KbAk;?"
“A human? How could a human be a teacher?”
'Mk;. mth;fSk; khzt khztpah;fSf;F tPl;Lg;ghlk;
“Well, she told boys and girls things and gave them
nfhLj;J> ghpl;irAk; itj;jhh;fs;."
homework and asked them questions.”
“A human isn’t smart enough.” 'xU kdpjdhy; ,g;gb Gj;jprhypahf ,Uf;f KbAkh>"
“Sure one is.” 'Mk;"
Margie wasn’t prepared to dispute that, She said, khh;fp> ,ijg;gw;wp tpthjpf;f jahuhf ,y;iy. 'cdf;F>
“I wouldn’t want a stranger in my house to teach ,ij gw;wp mjpfkhf njhpahJ. Mrphpah;fs; tPl;by;
me.” thotpy;iy.
Tommy screamed with laughter. “You don’t know mth;fSf;nfd;W jdp fl;blk; ,Ue;jJ. Foe;ijfs;
much, Margie. The teachers didn’t live in the mq;Nf nrd;W gbj;jdh;."
house. They had a special building and all the kids vy;yh Foe;ijfSk; xNu ghlj;ij gbj;jhh;fsh?"
went there.” 'Mkhk;. XNu taJ khzth;fs; XNu ghlj;ij
“And all the kids learned the same thing?” gbj;jhh;fs;"?
“Sure, if they were the same age.”
'Mdhy; vdJ mk;kh xU Mrphpah; xt;nthU khzt
“But my mother says a teacher has to be adjusted to khztpah;fSf;F Vw;g nrhy;ypf; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;
fit the mind of each boy and girl it teaches and that vd;W nrhy;Yfpwhs;."
each kid has to be taught differently.”
me;j Kiwia gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk;. cdf;F ,e;j
“Just the same they didn’t do it that way then. If
Gj;jfj;ij gbf;f gpbf;ftpy;iynad;why;> gbf;fhNj."
you don’t like it, you don’t have to read the book.”
'vdf;F gpbf;ftpy;iy vd;W ehd; nrhy;ytpy;iy"
vd;whs; khh;fp
mtSf;F me;j Ntbf;ifahd gs;spiag; gw;wp gbf;f
Mh;tk; ,Ue;jJ.
“I didn’t say I didn’t like it, “Margie said quickly. mth;fs; ghjpg; Gj;jfj;ijf; $l gbj;J Kbf;ftpy;iy.
She wanted to read about those funny schools. mjw;Fs;> mtsJ mk;kh> 'khh;fp‚ gs;spf;$lk; ‚" vd;W
They weren’t even half finished when Margie’s $g;gpl;lhs;.
mother called, "Margie! School!” khh;fp> ',d;Dk; Neuk; Mftpy;iy mk;kh" vd;whs;.
Margie looked up. “No yet, Mamma.” jpUkjp N[hd;];>" ,J lhkpf;Fk; gs;sp nry;Yk; Neuk;"
“Now!” said Mrs. Jones, “And it’s probably time vd;whs;.
for Tommy, too.” Margie said to Tommy, “Can I khh;fp> lhkpaplk;> 'gs;sp Neuk; Kbe;jTld; ehd; ,e;j
read the book some more with you after school?” Gj;jfj;ij gbf;fyhkh?" vd;whs;.
“Maybe,” he said nonchalantly. He walked away
whistling, the dusty old book tucked beneath his 'gbf;fyhk;" vd;W ,ay;ghf $wpdhd;. me;j gioa
arm. Gj;jfj;ij ifapy; itj;Jf; nfhz;L> tprpy; mbj;jgbNa
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Margie went into the schoolroom. It was right next nrd;whd;.
to her bedroom, and the mechanical teacher was on khh;fp gs;sp miwf;F nrd;whs;. me;j miw> mtsJ
and waiting for her. It was always on at the same gLf;Fk; miwf;F mUfpy; ,Uf;fpwJ. mtsJ ,ae;jpu
time every day except Saturday and Sunday, Mrphpah; fhj;jpUf;fpwhh;. me;j ,ae;jpuj;ij>
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because her mother said little girls learned better if rdpf;fpoik kw;Wk; Qhapw;Wf;fpoik jtpu jahuhf
they learned at regular hours. itj;jpUg;gh;. Vndd;why;> mtsJ mk;kh> rpWkpfs;
Fwpj;j Neuj;jpy; jpdKk; ghlk; gbf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W
$Wths;.
In October 2017, the robot became a Saudi Arabian jpiuapy; ghlk; njhpa Muk;gpj;jJ. ,d;iwa vz;fzpj
citizen, the first robot to receive citizenship of any ghlj;jpy; gpd;dq;fis $l;Ljy; gw;wp gbf;fg; NghfpNwhk;.
country. In November 2017, Sophia was named the jaT nra;J> New;iwa tPl;Lg;ghlq;fis mjw;Fhpa
United Nations Development Programme’s first mr;rpy; itf;fTk;".
ever Innovation Champion, and the first non-human khh;fp xU ngU%r;Rld; nra;jhs;. mts;> jdJ
to be given any United Nations title. jhj;jhtpd; jhj;jh gbj;j gs;spf;$lj;ij epidj;jhs;.
The screen was lit up, and it said: “Today’s gf;fj;jpy; cs;s midj;J Foe;ijfSk; xnu ,lj;jpw;F
tUthh;fs;. rphpj;J> kfpo;e;J tpisahb> midtUk;
arithmetic lesson is on the addition of proper
Nrh;eJ
; tPl;Lf;F nry;yyhk;. mth;fs; midtUk; xNu
fractions. Please insert Yesterday’s homework in
tp\aj;ij gbg;ghh;fs;. mjdhy;> midtUk; Nrh;eJ ;
the proper slot.”
tPl;Lg;ghlk; nra;ayhk;.
Margie did so with a sigh, She was thinking about
the old schools they had when her grandfather’s
grandfather was a little boy. All the kids from the
whole neighborhood came, laughing and shouting
in the schoolyard, sitting together in the
schoolroom, going home together at the end of the
day. They learned the same things, so they could
help one another with the home work and talk
about it.
And the teachers were people… NkYk;> Mrphpah;fs; kdpjh;fs;...
The mechanical teacher was flashing on the screen: ,ae;jpu Mrphpah; jpiuapy;> 'ehk; 1/2 kw;Wk; 1/4 vd;Dk;
“When we add fractions 1/2 and 1/4… gpd;dq;fis $l;Lk;nghOJ..." vd;W kpd;dpaJ.
Margie was thinking about how the kids must have gioa fhyq;fspy;> Foe;ijfs; vt;thW mDgtpj;J
loved it in the old days. She was thinking about the gbj;jhh;fs; vd;W khh;fp epidj;jhs;. mth;fs; kpfTk;
fun they had. re;Njh\khf ,Ue;jpUg;ghh;fs; vd;W vz;zpf;
nfhz;lhs;.

crinkly (adj.) - with many folds or lines awfully(adv.) - very, extremely
attic (n.) - a place just below the roof used scornful(adj.) - feeling or expressing contempt
as a store room
loftily (adv.) - something done in a proud or nonchalantly(adv.) - in a casually calm and relaxed
haughty manner manner
READ THE FOLLOWING PASSAGE AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS
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1. It was a very old book. Margie’s grandfather once said that when he was a little boy his grandfather told him that there
was a time when all stories were printed on paper. They turned the pages, which were yellow and crinkly, and it was
awfully funny to read words that stood still instead of moving the way they were supposed to-on a screen, you know.
And then when turned back to the page before, it had the same words on it that it had when they read it the first time.
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“Gee!,” said Tommy, “What a waste. When you’re through with the book, you just throw it away, I guess. Our
television screen must have had a million books on it and it’s good for plenty more. I wouldn’t throw it away.”
Questions Answers
1. What Margie’s grandfather told? 1. Margie’s grandfather told that he had read the stories in a
paper book.
2. How were the stories printed in his 2. The stories were printed in paper.
childhood time?
3. How was the book was? 3. The book was old and it was yellow and crinkly.
4. How was the book was in 2157? 4. In 2157, the book was moving in screens in television.
5. How many books did the television screen 5. The television book contained a million of book.
contain?
2. Margie wasn’t prepared to dispute that. She said, “I wouldn’t want a stranger in
my house to teach me.”
Tommy screamed with laughter. “You don’t know much, Margie. The teachers didn’t live in the house.
They had a special building and all the kids went there.”
“And all the kids learned the same thing?”
“Sure, if they were the same age.”
“But my mother says a teacher has to be
Adjusted to fit the mind of each boy and girl it teaches and that each kid has to be
taught differently.”
Questions Answers
1. Who screamed in laughter? 1. Tommy screamed in laughter.
2. Who had special building for schooling? 2. The olden days students had special building for
schooling.
3. How did the kids learned? 3. The kids learned same lesson.
4. What did her mother tell? 4. Her mother told that the teacher would adjust to fit the
mind of each students.
5. Why the teacher has to teach differently? 5. The teacher know the mentality of the students so he/she
has to teach differently.
3. Margie was disappointed. She had been hoping they would take the teacher away altogether. They had once taken
Tommy’s teacher away for nearly a month because thehistory sector had blanked out completely. So she said to
Tommy, “Why would anyone write about school?”
Tommy looked at her with very superior eyes. “Because it’s not our kind of school, stupid. This is the old kind of
school that they had hundreds and hundreds of years ago.” He added loftily pronouncing the word carefully, “Centuries
ago.”
Questions Answers
1. Why was Margie disappointed? 1. Margie was disappointed at her school.
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2. Why did she hope that they would take the 2. She didn’t like her teacher.
teacher away?
3. For how many days the history sector had 3. The history sector had taken away for Nearly a one month.
been blocked out?
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4. What is not their kind of their school? 4. The school of olden days was not their kind of school.
5. What word did he pronounce carefully? 5. “Centuries ago” was the word pronounced carefully by
Tommy.
4. They turned the pages, which were yellow and crinkly, and it was awfully funny to read words that stood still instead
of moving the way they were supposed to – on a screen, you know. And then when turned back to the pages before, it
had the same words on it that t had when they read it the first time.
“Gee!” said Tommy, “What a waste.When you are through with the book, you just throw it away, I guess. Our
television screen must have had a million books on it and it’s good for plenty more. I wouldn’t throw it away”.
“Same with mine” said Margie. She was eleven and hadn’t seen as many telebooks as Tommy had. He was thirteen.
She said, “ Where did you find it?”
“In my house”. He pointed without looking because he was busy reading. “In the attic”.
Questions Answers
1. How was the pages in the book? 1. The pages in the book was yellow and crinkly
2. What was not changing in the book? 2. The words were not changing in the book.
3. Which has million books on it? 3. The television screen has million books on it.
4. How old are Margie and Tommy? 4. Margie was 11 years old and Tommy was 13 years old.
5. Where did Tommy find the book? 5. Tommy found the book in the attic.
5. Margie always hated the school, but now she hated it more than ever. The mechanical teacher had been giving her test
after test in geography and she had been doing worse and worse until her mother had shaken her head sorrowfully and
sent for the country inspector. He was a round little man with a red face and a whole box of tools with dials and wires.
He smiled at Margie and gave her an apple, then took the teacher apart. Margie had hoped that he wouldn’t know how to
put it again, but he knew how all right and after an hour or so, there it was again, large black and ugly, with a big screen
on which all the lessons were shown and the questions were asked. That wasn’t so bad. The part Margie hated most was
the slot where she had to put the homework and test papers. She always had to write them out in a punch code they made
her learn when she was six years old, and the mechanical teacher calculated the marks in no time.
Questions Answers
1. What did Margie hate? 1. Margie hated the school.
2. What was the test given by the mechanical 2. The test given by the mechanical teacher was geography
teacher? area.
3. Describe the country inspector. 3. The country inspector was a round little man with a red
face.
4. What is slot? 4. The slot is a part where the homeworks and testpapers had
to be put.
5. How did the mechanical teacher calculate 5. The mechanical teacher calculated the marks in no time.
the mark?
6. “A human? How could a human be a teacher?”

“Well, she told boys and girls things and gave them homework and asked them questions.”
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“A human isn’t smart enough” “Sure one is”
Margie wasn’t prepared to dispute that. She said “I wouldn’t want a stranger in my house to teach me”.
Tommy screamed with laughter. “You don’t know much, Margie. The teachers didn’t live in the house. They had a
special building and all the kids went there”.
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“And all the kids learned the same thing?” “Sure, if they were the same age”.
Questions Answers
1. Who was the teacher in the olden days? 1. The human being was the teacher in the olden days.
2. What was the job of the teacher? 2. The job of the teacher was to teach, give the homework
and ask the questions.
3. How was the teacher? 3. The teacher was smart.
4. Where was the teacher? 4. The teacher was in a special building.
5. Did the kids learn the same thing? 5. Yes, the kids learnt the same thing if they were of the
same age.
7. Margie went into the schoolroom. It was right next to her bedroom, and the mechanical teacher was on and waiting for
her. It was always on at the same time, every day except Saturday and Sunday, because her mother said little girls
learned better if they learned at regular hours. The screen was lit up, and it said: “Today’s arithmetic lesson is on the
addition of proper fractions. Please insert yesterday’s homework in the proper slot”.
Questions Answers
1. Where is the schoolroom? 1. The schoolroom is right next to the bedroom.
2. When is the school on? 2. The school is on everyday except Saturday and Sunday.
3. What did the mother say? 3. The mother said that little girls learned better if they
learned at regular hours.
4. What is today’s lesson? 4. Today’s lesson is arithmetic.
5. Where does yesterday’s homework to be 5. The yesterday’s homework is to be inserted in the proper
inserted? slot.
Characters and their Hints

1 Margie - 11 years old
- Hated school
2 Tommy - 13 years old
- Found a real book
3 Mechanical Teacher - Gives tests in gepgraphy
- slot
- punch code as homework
- screen
4 Country Inspector - Round little man
- Red face
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E-1. Describe Margie’s mechanical Teacher and her Classroom in your own words.
In the year 2157, Margie has mechanical teacher. Her book is a big screen. She can see millions of books
in the screen. The mechanical teacher conducts tests often and corrects in no time. When she could not study
geography, country inspector comes to check it. Its speed is lessened. Her classroom is in the house itself. It is
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next to her bedroom. Except on Saturday and Sunday, she has classes.
2. Why did Margie hate her school? What was she thinking about at the end of the story?
Margie hated her school because the mechanical teacher conducts tests often and corrects in no time.
When she could not study geography, country inspector comes to check it. She thought that the mechanical
teacher would never come back. But, it came back. Its speed is lessened. Moreover, there is no classmate. The
homework has to be done by her alone. But in the past, school is a building where students went together.
They discussed their homework and helped each other. At the end of the story, she thought high of the ancient
school system.
3. What was strange about he book”? why did Margie find it strange?
The “book’ was strange because it was about the school in the past. The teachers were human beings.
They taught a group of students. The school is a building where students went together. They discussed their
homework and helped each other. They didn’t learn inside the house. They had a lot of fun. They wer happy.
So, it was strange to Margie.
AVERAGE STUDENTS
Story : The Fun They Had

Author : Issac Asimov
Theme : Advancement in Science
Moral : Old is Gold
The short story, ‘The Fun They Had’ written by Isaac Asimov deals with a boy and a girl. In 2157,
Tommy finds a real book from the attic of Margie. It is a cranky, old printed paper book. The book is
about centuries old schools. Those days they had real teachers. Students and teachers met in a place
for education. It is called as schools. But in 2157 they have mechanical teachers and schools are at
home. Margie hates her school and geography teacher. Her geography teacher is too fast so she fails
often. The story about the old school impresses her. So she wants to read it. It is her school time so she
goes to her school room with the thought of the book.
fun - Ntbf;if; attic - guz;; centuries old schools - E}w;whz;LfSf;F Kd;gpUe;j gs;spf;$lq;fs;; real -
cz;ikahd; impresses - <h;f;fg;gl;L; mechanical - teacher - ,ae;jpu Mrphpah;
SLOW LEARNERS
Story : The Fun They Had

Author : Issac Asimov
Theme : Advancement in Science
Moral : Old is Gold
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 ‘The Fund They Had’ is written by Isaac Asimov deals with a boy and a girl in the year
2157.
 Tommy finds a real book from Margie's house.
 It is about old schools.
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 The human teachers and students gathered in a place called schools.
 Margie hates her school and geography teacher.
 Because a room in the home is school and teacher is a machine.
 There is no fun at all.
was thinking about the old school and how much fun
the children had, (xiii) learning and spending time
together.
B. Fill in the blanks with the clues given below to
C. Bring out the difference between your school and
complete the paragraph.
Margie's school in the given tabular column. An
millions of books real book example is done for you.
yellow and crinkly same thing Margie's school Your school
learning and spending person
Teacher is a machine. Teacher is a human
gerography schools
being.
test papers words
Books are in digital form Books are in printed
attic house
form.
time
School is at home. school is at separate
Tommy and Margie found something about the (i) place.
schools of the past. Tommy found a (ii) real book There is no playground. There is playground.
which has been printed on paper. The book was old and
the pages were (iii) yellow and crinkly. At present, the D. Complete the following statements based on your
(iv) words were moving on a television screen. The reading.
television had over (v) million of books. He had found 1. The old book was found by Tommy
the old book in the (vi) attic of his house. While reading 2. Margie was surprised to see the old book because she
Tommy found that it was about the old schools. Margie hadn't seen any printed book
hated school because she was having problems with 3. The mechanical teacher was giving Margie
learning (vii) geography. The mechanical teacher was homework and tests.
black and large with a screen. Margie hated the slot 4. Margie had to study always at the same time every
where she had to insert her homework or (viii) test day, because her mother said little girls learned
papers. Margie did not understand how a (ix) person better if they learned at regular hours.
could be a teacher and how the students were taught the 5. The geography sector in mechanical teacher was
(x) same thing. Then it was (xi) time school for Margie geared a little too quickly.
and Tommy. Margie went to the school room in her
(xii) house, where the mechanical teacher stood. She
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OTHER PLANET LANDSCAPE VIEW
EMERGING MAN
ASTRONAUTS OUTER SURFACE OF THE MAN
A BIRD’S EYE VIEW
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Mother’s
Mother Mother
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Voiec sweet at Moon
not happy on her son’s son geto ready to go another

departure space, planet
sentimental reasons two space ship in ready
earth is the space given by he doesn’t say about his

God departure
give scientific reasons but mother understands
earth is beautiful fishing spot,

covered with snow, get fruits, trying to compromise her
vegetables; seasons; can walk
bare foot
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The theme of the story is about the love and affection between a mother and a son. The son, being an explorer, tries
to convince his mother as he is parting to neighboring galaxy. His return is uncertain. He invites his mother to the moon
and makes her admire the beauty of the moon. He shows her echoing tunnels and spacious caves and also shows the tents
where the different nationalities work. At first he enjoys her voice and also listens to her talk. Her talk makes a little
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diversion towards his native planet. She highlights the glittering ocean, snowcap on pole and the fabulous beauty of earth
which tempted him. His heart started aching but it is time to depart from his mother. She pleaded him to give a visit on
holidays. But the explorer is not sure about his return to earth. His unlucky mother requested him to return in autumn to
enjoy his favorite sports and fruit. But the explorer heard a voice which would take him to a different world. He pushed
the button and the screen went dark. But he often plays back the recording of his mother's voice and feels as if he is with
his mother on the moon. But they started off to another galaxy to the distance where the sun looked as 12th magnitude
star through telescope. They became invisible to the earth.
SUPPLEMENTARY ENGLISH IN
EXPLANATION
When she came to the Moon she looked around and epyhtpy;> mts; te;jnghOJ> mq;Fs;s gFjpfis
admired the moonscape: ‘I never realized it was ghh;j;J> ',J ,t;tsT mofhf ,Uf;Fk; vd ehd;
such a beautiful place’. epidf;fNt ,y;iy"
He took her along the endless tunnels of mtd;> mtis nghpa kiyg;gFjpfsf;F $l;br;
Selenopolis, showing her the tall structures, which nrd;whd;. mq;Nf> el;rj;jpuq;fs; jiyia jl;baJ.
propped up the star – studded sky.
‘It’s so easy to walk here, son!’ ',q;Nf elg;gJ Rygkhf ,Uf;fpwJ> kfNd"
His mother had still a young, ringing voice: perhaps mtDila mk;khTf;F ,d;Dk; ,sikahd>
because she had been such a great singer! So long ,dpikahf Fuy;: Vndd;why; mts; xU rpwe;j ghlfp.
as he could remember her, she had always liked mtDf;F epidT njhpe;j ehs; Kjy; mtSf;F ghLtJ
singing. On holidays, when they had guests, she kpfTk; gpbf;Fk;. tpLKiw ehs;fspy;> tpUe;jpdh;fs;
sang cheerily and enthusiastically, but on tUk;nghOJ> mts; re;Njhrkhf ghLths;. thu
weekdays, as she went about the chores, her singing ehs;fspy; Fk;gyhf ghLk;nghOJ> mtsJ Fuy; xir
,y;yhky; Ngha;tpLk;. mts; NgRk; nghOJ$l ghLtJ
was muted and a little sad. She even talked in a
Nghy; ,Uf;Fk;. ,g;nghOJ$l> mtsJ Fuypy; xU
singsong manner. Now, too, there was something
tpj;jpahrk; njhpfpwJ. ,J mtsJ epyhtpy; tUk; Kjy;
unusual in her voice – perhaps she was excited
gazk; vd;gJ$l fhuzkhf ,Uf;fyhk;. mtDf;F
because it was her first visit to the Moon! As he njhpe;j Fuy; vd;gjhy;> ,dpikahf ,Uf;f fhuzk;
listened to her familiar voice that was so dear to vd;d vd tpae;jhd;.
him, he wondered why it had this ringing sound.
‘Back home the orchards are in bloom. There will 'ekJ tPl;by;> goj;Njhl;lj;jpy; goq;fs; fdpe;J cs;sJ.
be a lot of fruit this year, if only the frosts don’t ciwgdp kl;Lk; ,y;iynad;why;> epiwa goq;fs;
strike. Will you come for a holiday in the summer?’ fpilf;Fk;. ,e;j ntapy; fhyj;jpw;F tUthah?
He almost told her about the expedition. The words mtdJ gaz jpl;lj;ij gw;wp mk;khtplk; Vw;fdNt
were on the tip of his tongue, but he checked $wpapUf;fpwhd;. thh;j;ijfs;> mtdJ ehf;Ftiu
himself. te;jJ. Mdhy;> mij jLj;jhd;. Vd; mts; ftiyg;gl
itf;f Ntz;Lk;? ftiy mJjhd;. mtSila Fuypy;
ftiy cs;sJ. mtsJ thh;j;ijfs; kfpo;r;rpahf

cs;sJ. Mdhy;> mtsJ Fuy; ftiyahf cs;sJ.
mth;fs; ,UtUk; gphpAk; Neuk; te;jJ vd;gij
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fz;Lgpbj;J tpl;lhsh?
Why make her worry? Worry. That was it. There ',q;Nf elg;gJ Rygk;" vd;W nrhd;d mtd;> 'Mdhy;
was worry in her voice. The words were cheerful J}uk; mjpfkhf ,Uf;Fk;. mjd; tl;lk; E}w
fpNyhkPl;lUf;f Nky; ,Uf;Fk;. ehk; mq;Nf elf;fyhk;".
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but the voice was worried. Had she guessed that
this was their parting!
‘It’s easy to walk here,’ he said, ‘but the distances xU ghijapy;> mjpf Ruq;fg;ghijAk;> FifAk;>
are long. Square kilometers. Let’s ride for a bit’ gytz;z tpsf;FfSk; ,Ue;jd. kpd;J}f;fp> mth;fis
mq;Nf ,wf;fpaJ. mts;> mikjpahf mq;Nf ,Ue;j
jhkiu tbtj;jpy; mikf;fg;gl;l $lhuq;fis
ghh;j;jhs;. mtw;wpd; Rw;wsT> xU fpNyhkPl;lh; ,Uf;Fk;.
A moving pavement covered with green plastic ',J Njrpa Jf;fj;jpd; rKjha $lhuk; MFk;" vd;whd;.
strips rushed them through echoing tunnels and ',q;Fs;s ePy; ghijapy; Ntiy nra;gth;fs; ,q;F
spacious caves with walls sparkling in the light of ,Ug;ghh;fs;. rpy Rw;Wyh gazpfSk; ,Ug;ghh;fs;. ,e;j
the quartz lamps. The elevator delivered them to Vhpia Nehf;fp nry;thh;fs;. epyhtpy; ePr;ry; mbg;gJ ey;y
the surface. She looked in silence at the enormous mDgtkhf ,Uf;Fk;".
lily-shaped tent over a crater that was at least a
kilometer in diameter.
‘The community of Nations Square’, he told her ',ijtpl cd; tpLKiw ehspy; G+kpapy; bdpgh; Mwpy;
‘People of different nationalities who work in Fspg;gJ Rfkhf ,Uf;Fk;".
Selenopolis come here after work. And there are
some tourists. They’re walking towards the lake.
It’s quite an exotic experience to have a swim on
the Moon.’
‘I’ m sure it’s better in the river Dnieper when you m];lq;fpNdh Btp NfhGuj;ij Nghy;> ,uz;L tpz;fyk;
come to the Earth for your holiday.’ nghpajhf ,Ue;jJ. mij ghh;j;J ngU%r;R tpl;lhs;.
when they looked at the astrodrome, where two
spaceships the size of the Ostankino TV tower were
pointed into the blake void of the universe, she
sighed again
‘What are these?’ ',it vd;d?"
‘Long – range spaceships, Mother. They’re 'mjpf rf;jpAs;s tpz;fyq;fs;> mk;kh. irt gf;fj;jpy;
planning an expedition to a neighbouring galaxy’. cs;s tpz;kpd; ,lj;jpw;F nry;fpd;wJ".
She screwed up her eyes to look at the rockets mtsJ ghh;it> uhf;fl;il xUq;fpizf;Fk;
where assembly men were busy. They looked quite gzpahsh;fspd; Nky; nrd;wJ. J}uj;jpy; ,Ue;J ghh;f;f>
small from a distance. mth;fs; rpd;djhf njhpe;jhh;fs;.
She said quietly: ‘Why should people go into the 'Vd; mth;fs; njhpahj ,lj;jpw;F nry;fpwhh;fs;? Vd;
unknown? Why ask for trouble?’ gpur;ridia ,Oj;J nfhs;fpwhh;fs;?" vd;whs; mk;kh.
‘These are very reliable spaceships, Mother!’ 'mitnay;yhk; kpfTk; ek;gpf;if tha;ej
; kpd;fyq;fs;
‘Wouldn’t it make more sense tosettle properly on mk;kh" vd;whd;.
the Moon, and then on the planets in the solar 'ehk; epyhtpy; Fb GFe;Njhk;. mLj;jjhf> R+hpa
system, before going further?’ kz;lyj;jpy; cs;s midj;J Nfhs;fSf;Fk; nry;Nthk;.
,J ekJ mwpT tsh;r;rp MFk;".
It was now his turn to sigh. ‘You may be right, mts; kWgbAk; ngU%r;R tpl;lhs;. 'Mdhy;..."
but…’ 'Mdhy; vd;d..."
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‘But what?’
‘How do I know?’ 'vdf;F vd;d njhpAk;?"
He longed to tell her about the flight he was mtd; ,e;j ePz;l J}u Nfhs;fs; gazj;jpw;F vt;thW
longing for and about how nervous he had been Vq;FfpNwd; vd;gijAk;> mtd; mjw;F Njh;e;njLj;jgpd;
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when confronted by the selection commission. But kpfTk; kfpo;r;rp mile;jijAk; mk;khtplk; nrhy;y
he checked himself. It was their last meeting before epidf;fpwhd;. Mdhy;> nrhy;ytpy;iy. ,Jjhd;
his departure, so why spoil it? ,th;fspd; filrp re;jpg;G. mij nfLf;f
tpUk;gtpy;iy".
Mothers were all the same, and she was sure to get mk;khf;fs; vy;yhk; xd;WNghy; ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;. mts;
upset. fz;bg;ghf kdR f\;lg;gLths;.
He felt good listening to her. It didn’t matter what mtDf;F> mtd; mk;kh NgRtijf; Nfl;gj ed;whf
she was talking about, he just wanted to hear the ,Ue;jJ. mts; vd;d Ngrpf;nfhz;bUf;fpwhs; vd;gij
voice that was so dear to him. Nfl;ftpy;iy. mtDf;F> mtd; mk;khtpd; Fuiyf;
Nfl;f Ntz;Lk; Nghy; cs;sJ.
‘Do you know why people settle down on the 'Vd; kf;fs; Rygkhf epyhtpy; FbGFfpwhh;fs;?" mts;
Moon so easily?’ she was philosophizing. ‘It’s jj;Jtkhf Ngr Muk;gpj;jhs;. Vndd;why;> ,q;Nf>
because they are in the gravitation eld of their mth;fSf;F nrhe;jkhd R+hpaDf;F mbapy;> mth;fs;
native Earth, under their native Sun. It’s the space gpwe;j G+kpapd; Gtp<h;g;G tpirapy; cs;s epyhtpy;
allotted to us by nature. But if you leave your ,Uf;fpd;wdh;. ,e;j ,lk; ,aw;if mikj;J nfhLj;j
,lk;. Mdhy;> R+hpaid tpl;L tpyfptpl;lhy; vJTk;
Sun…anything might happen…’
elf;Fk;.
He listened and listened as if drinking water from a mtd; mk;kh NgRtijf; ftpdj;jhd;>
spring on the Earth, in the shade of trees. His ftdpj;Jf;nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jhd;. mJ> G+kpapy;> xU
mother, looking in the direction of the vast blue eP&w;wpy; kuj;jpd; mbapy; jz;zhP ; Fbg;gJ Nghy;
globe, lowered her voice and continued: ,Ue;jJ. mtd; mk;kh> cyf cUz;iliag;
ghh;j;Jf;nfhz;Nl mikjpahf Fuiy jho;j;jpNa NgR
Muk;gpj;jhs;.
‘Look, son, isn’t it a miracle? The Earth floats ',q;Nf ghh;! kfNd! ,J xU nghpa mw;Gjk; my;yth? G+kp
through space, all by itself. See the snow-cap on the thd;ntspapy; jhdhfNt kpjf;fpwJ. JUtg;gFjpapy;
pole, and the glittering ocean! The cradle of life. gdp glh;e;J %b fplf;fpwJ. fly;fs; xsptpLfpd;wd.
And you want to leave this fabulous beauty!’ ekJ tho;f;if cUthd njhl;by; ,e;j xU mw;Gjkhd
moif tpl;L tho Ntz;Lk; vd vz;Zfpwha;!
He suddenly saw everything with die rent eyes. He jpBnud> mtd; tpj;jpahrkhf fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; ghh;f;fj;
saw how beautiful his native planet was, a real njhlq;fpdhd;. mtdJ nrhe;j Nfhs; vt;tsT mofhf
wonder of nature. cs;sJ. mJjhd; cz;ikahd ,aw;ifapd;mjprak;
vd;W ghh;jj
; hd;.
He had never felt that way before. His heart ached. mtd; ,jw;F Kd;G ,JNghy; epidj;jNj ,y;iy.
mtdJ ,jak; typj;jJ.
‘When will you take your holidays?’ 'vg;nghOJ tpLKiw vLg;gha;?”
‘I don’t know, Mother... That’s why I asked you to 'vdf;Nf njhpatpy;iy mk;kh.....mjdhy; jhd; ehd;
come. I don’t know when we’ll see each other cq;fis ,q;F tur; nrhd;Nd;. ,dpNky; ehk; ,UtUk;
again’. vg;nghOJ re;jpg;Nghk; vd;W njhpatpy;iy".
But he knew very well that there would be no Mdhy;> mtDf;F ,dpNky; tpLKiwNa ,y;iy vd;gJ
holidays and that his mother was seeing him for the mtDf;F njhpAk;. mtdJ mk;khitg; ghh;g;gJ ,Jjhd;
last time. The thought of such a tremendous filrp vd;gJk; njhpAk;. mj;jifa gaq;fukhd
journey was already sending a chill through his gazj;ij Nkw;nfhz;L ,Uf;Fwhd; vd;W epidj;jhNy
heart. mtdJ ,jak; Fsph;e;J epd;W tpLfpwJ.
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‘At least try to come in the Autumn,’ she pleaded, 'Fiwe;jgl;rk; ,iyAjph; fhyj;jpyhtJ tug;ghh;" vd;W
‘in time for the apples and pears… and the water- mts; nfQ;rpdhs;. 'Mg;gps;> Nghpf;fha; kw;Wk; jh;G+rzp
melons.’ rhg;gpl th" vd;whs;.
‘You think I don’t want to walk barefoot on the 'ehd; ntWq;fhYld; gdpj;Jspfs; cs;s Gy;ypy;
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dewy grass?’ elf;ff;$lhJ vd;W epidf;fpwPh;fsh?" vd;whd;.
‘Of course, you’ll walk on the dewy grass. And you 'epr;rakhf. eP gdpj;Jspfs; cs;s Gy;ypy; elf;f
could visit your relatives and friends’. Ntz;Lk;. ekJ nrhe;jq;fisAk;> ez;gh;fisAk; ghh;f;f
Ntz;Lk;.
She shrank from the thought that her son might go mtSf;F> jdJ kfd; tpz;ntspapy; nrd;W> jdJ
off into space and belost to his relatives forever. nrhe;jq;fis tpl;L vg;nghOJNk tpyfptpLthd; vd;w
vz;zk; nfhQ;rkhfNt ,Ue;jJ.
‘They’ve deepened our pond; it’s full of fish now, 'ekJ Fsj;ij Mog; gLj;jpAs;sdh;. mjdhy; epiwa
You like fishing...’ kPdf
; s; cs;sd. cdf;F kPd; gpbj;jy; gpbf;Fk;".
‘Operator on duty, . … report too office,’ a voice ',af;Fgth; Ntiyapy; cs;shh;... mYtyfj;jpw;F jfty;
bellowed from the loud – speaker. nrhy;yTk;" vd;W xU Fuy; rj;jkhf Nfl;lJ.
He pushed a button and the screen went dark. His mtd; xU gl;lid mKf;fpdhd;. jpiufUg;ghf khwpaJ.
mother fell silent. mtd; mk;kh mikjpahdhs;.
‘Coming.’ 'tUfpnwd;"
He often plays back this recording and he feels as if mtd; ,e;jg; gjptpid mbf;fb Nghl;Lg;
he is walking again with his mother on the Moon, ghh;j;Jf;nfhs;thd;. mtd; mk;khTld; jdJ nrhe;j
looking down at his native planet. Their group had Nfhis ghh;j;jgbNa epyhtpy; elg;gJ Nghy; ,Uf;Fk;.
gone to another galaxy after all: they had left their mth;fsJ $l;lk; mLj;j tpz;kPd; $l;lj;jpw;Nf
native Sun, which was now just a 12th – magnitude te;Jtpl;lJ. mth;fsJ nrhe;j R+hpaid tpl;L te;J
tpl;lhh;fs;. ,g;nghOJ mJ 12tJ nghpa el;rj;jpuk;
star, visible through the telescope. And they
MFk;. njhiyNehf;fpapy; kl;LNk ghh;j;Jf;nfhs;syhk;.
couldn’t see the Earth at all.
NkYk;> G+kpia ghh;f;fNt KbahJ.
Why had they gone? Because they were young. Vd; mth;fs; mq;Nf nrd;whh;fs;? Vndd;why; mth;fs;
And humanity is young. ,stajpdh;. ekJ kdpjFyk; ,sikahdJ.

chores(n) - a routine task, especially a orchards(n) - a piece of enclosed land planted
household one with fruit trees
expedition(n) - a journey undertaken by a group of quartz(n) - a hard, transparent mineral
people with a particular purpose, substance, used in making electronic
especially that of exploration, equipment
research, or war
exotic(adj.) - unusual and exciting void(n) - a completely empty space
confronted(v) - to face, meet, or deal with a difficult departure(n) - the action of leaving, especially to
situation or person start a journey
pears(n) - a sweet, juicy, yellow or green fruit galaxy (n) - one of the large, independent groups
with a round base and slightly of stars in the universe
pointed top
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Character Key words
Young man (He)  Thinks about his future.
 He takes his mother to Moon.
 He takes his mother to the moon to give send off to him.
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 He likes earth but he wishes to establish human kind in
faraway places.
 A spaceship is ready to take him to take him to another
planet and to another space.
 Admires the earth
 Has a beautiful voice and occasionally she used to sing.
 Goes to Moon, to give a send off to other planet.
Young man's Mother
 She makes his son to remember his happy entertainments
(She) like fishing and swimming.
 Makes him to remember the beauty of earth.
 Has heavy heart on leaving her son.
 Dislikes to send her son to for away planet and atmosphere.
1. ‘Back home the orchards are in bloom. There will be a lot of fruit this year, if only the frosts don’t strike. Will you
come for a holiday in the summer?’ He almost told her about the expedition. The words were on the tip of his
tongue, but he checked himself. Why make her worry? Worry. That was it. There was worry in her voice. The words
were cheerful but the voice was worried. Had she guessed that this was their parting! ‘It’s easy to walk here,’ he
said, ‘but the distances are long. Selenopolis occupies more than a hundred square kilo metres. Let’s ride for a bit’.
Questions Answers
1. Who has to come to the holidays in summer? 1. The son has to come to the holidays.
2. What words were in the tip of the tongue? 2. ‘Leaving the earth’ were the words in the tip of the tongue.
3. Why did he checke himself? 3. He did not want to spoil his mother’s mood of happiness
so he checked himself.
4. Why was her voice in worry? 4. Her voice was in worry because she guessed what was
going to happen in future.
5. How many square kilometers do Selenopolis 5. A Selenopolis has more than a hundred square kilometers.
have?
2. ‘The community of Nations square,’ he told her. ‘People of different nationalities who work in Selenopolis come here
after work and there are some tourists. They’re walking towards the lake. It’s quite an exotic experience to have a
swim on the Moon.’ ‘I’m sure it’s better in the river Dnieper when you come to the Earth for your holiday.’ When
they looked at the astrodrome, where two spaceships the size of the Ostankino TV tower were pointed into the black
void of the universe, she sighed again. ‘What are these?’
Questions Answers
1. Who work in Selenopolis? 1. People of different nationalities work in Selenopolis.
2. Why they were moving towards the lake? 2. They were moving towards the lake to have a swim.
3. Where was the Dnieper River? 3. The Dnieper River was in earth.
4. Who sighed again? 4. His mother sighed again.

5. How many spaceships were in the astrodome? 5. Two spaceships were in the astrodome.
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3. He suddenly saw everything with different eyes. He saw how beautiful his native planet was, a real wonder of nature.
He had never felt that way before. His heart ached. ‘When will you take your holidays?’ ‘I don’t know, Mother…
That’s why I asked you to come. I don’t know when we’ll see each other again’. But he knew very well that there
would be no holidays and that his mother was seeing him for the last time. The thought of such a tremendous
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journey was already sending a chill through his heart.
Questions Answers
1. Which was his native planet? 1. The Earth was his native planet.
2. What was the real wonder of nature? 2. The Earth was the real wonder of nature.
3. Why he asked his mother to come with him? 3. He was going far away from earth and he did not know
when he would return. So he asked his mother to come with
him.
4. What did he know? 4. He knew that he would not come back and it was their last
meet.
5. What did his mother ask? 5. His mother asked about his holidays.
C. Answer the following question in about 100 – 120 words:

1. Write a paragraph listing all the sentimental and the scientific reasons given by the mother against
the expedition to neighboring galaxy.
Topic : MOTHER'S VOICE

Author: Vasil Berezhnoy
Theme : Bond between mother and a son
Mother feared that the expedition to another galaxy would invite many troubles since it would be risky to
go off into the unknown. Mother felt that it would be sensible to settle properly on the moon and then on the
other planets in the solar system. They could explore the neighboring galaxy after sometime. She said that
people would easily settle down in the moon because they are in the gravitation field. She was not sure what
would happen if they left the familiar place. The snow cap on the pole, the glittering ocean and the cradle of
life are spectacular. During the Autumn one could see apples, pears and the water melons. She wondered it
would be wise to go off into the unknown, ignoring the fabulous beauty of the Earth.
AVERAGE STUDENTS

Author : Vasil Berezhnoy
The story occurs in a time when people have started settling on the moon. A mother visits her son
who is going on an expedition to a neighboring galaxy and his mother is not happy about it. His mother
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gives some scientific reason against the youths' this expedition. She says going to an unknown planet
could be dangerous. It is better to get familiarized to the moon and other solar planets that are known to
humans. The moon is in the gravitational field of earth and the sun. So it is safe to be on the moon. It is
the space given to humans by nature and going beyond it may not be safe. Following these his mother
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gives some sentimental reasons also. The earth is a fabulous place to live with its snow-covered
mountains and the occans. The mother says he will miss beautiful flowers and fruits, the various
seasons, walking bare feet on the grass, fishing in the ponds.
setting on the moon - eptpy FbNawpdh;; neighboring galaxy - mUfpYs;s; mz;lk;; gravitational field - Gtp
<h;g;G; fabulous place - mUikahd ,lk;; walking bare feet on the grass - ntw;Wf; fhy;fSld; Gy;
jiuapy; elg;gJ; expedition - gazk;
SLOW LEARNERS

Author : Vasil Berezhnoy
 The story occurs in a time of travel to moon.

 A mother's son is going to a neighboring galaxy.
 His mother is not happy about it.
 His mother tries to stop the youths’ expedition.
 She says it may be dangerous, best is familiar solar reign.
 His mother sentimentally says the earth is a safe place.
 It has snow-covered mountains and the oceans.
 The people will miss flowers, fruits, seasons, walking bare feet on the grass, and
fishing.
THINK AND ANSWER

D. Think and answer:
The explorer who travels to another galaxy who must possess certain qualities like being patient and pressure free,
scientific bent of mind and presence of mind. He must have proper communication skills and above all he must have a
thorough knowledge of astronomy and astrophysics. The above mentioned qualities are essential because he is going off
into the unknown territory. He must possess these skills for a panic- free journey and successful exploration.
I think I too possess some of these qualities. I develop communication skills and scientific spirit by reading related
books. I apply logical thinking when I encounter problems. I remain tension free and have the spirit of endurance under
trying circumstances.
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Aaron Shepard (October 7, 1950) is the award-winning
award author of
Savitri: A Tale of Ancient India, The Legend of Lightning Larry, The
Sea King's Daughter, and many more children's books. Aarons'
Specialty is retelling folktales and other traditional literature from
around the world. His work has been honoured by the American
Library Association, the National Council for the Social studies, the
American Folklore Society, the New York Public Library, and the
Bankk Street College of Education.
AARON SHEPARD WITH FRIENDS
CONGRATULATING FIGHT Vs PEACE
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exchange gifts, newspapers
British Christmas eve badfes, uniforms, coffee &
Tea buttons and addresses,
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cigarettes
See the arrangement of
at trenehes
germans
All nations need peace
light candles, plant Christmas

at war palce
tree sing songs
John together to celebrate the

germans
eve
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This is a British Soldier's letter to his sister on how all enmity was forgotten at the war field by British and German
soldiers. It was during the World War I. There was a war between British and German. It was Christmas eve while
everyone sang Christmas Carols before fire place. Tom, one of the British soldiers was on the battle field of France. They
had stayed in a long narrow ditch. It was terrible. The German's trench was only fifty yards from them. Between them lay
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No man's land bordered both sides with barbed wire. The shooting was stopped completely on Christmas Eve. There was
complete silence after many months. The German soldiers had placed Christmas trees lit by candles or lantern, like
beacon of good will. They both exchanged sweets and gifts and sang songs. Thus they celebrated in the midst of war.
The author was wondering whether there had been such a Christmas Eve in history when enemies were befriended. He
expected the same spirit of cordiality and comradeships from the nations all over the world.
SUPPLEMENTARY ENGLISH IN
EXPLANATION
This piece, set during World War I, highlights the ,e;jf; fbjkk; Kjyhk; cyfg;Nghhpd; NghJ ele;j
beauty of unlikely friendships and fellowship. It tpj;jpahrkhd NjhoikAk;> $l;LwitAk; gw;wp cs;sJ.
is a British soldier’s letter to his sister on how all ,J xU Mq;fpy tPuh;jdJ rNfhjhpf;F vOjpa fbjk;.
enmity was forgotten as British and German mjpy;> igifk vt;thW kiwe;J Mq;fpy kw;Wk;
soldiers celebrated Christmas together. n[h;kdpa tPuh;fs; fpU];Jtj;ij nfhz;lhbdh; vd;W
vOjpAs;shh;.
Christmas Day, 1914 fpwp];Jk]; ehs;> 1914
My dear sister Janet, vdJ md;ghd rNfhjhp n[ndl;bw;F>
It is 2:00 in the morning and most of our men are ,J mjpfhiy 2 kzp vd;Dld; ,Ug;gth;fs; $lhuj;jpy;
asleep in their dugouts – yet I could not sleep cwq;Ffpwh;fs;. Mdhy; fpwp];Jk]; jpdj;jd;W vd;d
before writing to you about what happened here ele;jJ vd;W vOjhky; vdf;F J}f;fk; tuhJ. cz;ik
on Christmas Eve. In truth, what happened seems vd;dntd;why;> ele;jJ vy;yhk; fw;gid fijNghy;
almost like a fairy tale, and if I had not been cs;sJ. ehNd ,JNghy; ehlhFk; vd epidf;ftpy;iy.
through it myself, I would scarce believe it. While ,ij ek;gNt Kbatpy;iy. ePAk;> ekJ FLk;gKk;>
yz;ldpy;> jPapd; Kd; topghl;L ghly; ghLk; nghOJ>
you and the family sang carols before the fire
ehd; gpuhd;rpy; cs;s Nghh;f;fsj;jpy; vjphp tPuh;fSld;
there in London, I did the same with enemy
fpwp];Jk]; nfhz;lhbNdhk;.
soldiers here on the battle fields of France!
As I wrote before, there has been little serous ehd; Vw;fdNt vOjpaJ Nghy;> ,q;F jPtpukhd rz;il
fighting of late. The first battles of the war left so elf;fpd;wJ. Kjy; Nghhpd; NghJ epiwa Ngh; ,we;jdh;.
many dead that both sides have held back until mth;fSf;F gjpyhf tPuh;fs; tUk;tiu> ehq;fs;
replacements could come from home. So, we have GijFopapy; jq;fp ,Ue;Njhk;.
mostly stayed in our trenches and waited.
But what a terrible waiting it has been! Knowing Mdhy;> mJ xU gaq;fukhd fhj;jpUg;ghf ,Ue;jJ.
that any moment an artillery shell might land and gPuq;fpfs; vg;nghOJ Ntz;LkhdhYk;> vq;fs;
explode beside us in the trench, killing or maiming GijFopapy; te;J ntbj;J ehq;fs; rhfyhk; vd;gJ
several men. And in daylight not daring to lift our njhpAk;. gfypy; jiy J}f;Fk; ijhpak; ,y;iy.
heads above ground, for fear of a sniper’s bullet. giltPuh;fs; te;J Rl;L tpLthh;fs; vd;w gak;.
And the rain – it has fallen almost daily. kio mJ jpdKk; nga;Ak;. kioePh; rhpahf vq;fs;
GijFopapy; te;J tpOk;. mjid Flj;jpYk;> jl;bYk;
Of course, it collects right in our trenches, where gpbg;Nghk;. kio te;jTld;> rf;jpahf khWk;. ehq;fs;
we must bail it out with pots and pans. And with mzpAk; ghjzpfs; mKq;fpg;NghFk;. Gjpjhf Nrh;e;j
xUj;jUf;F> fhy; kw;Wk; iffs; khl;bf;nfhz;ld.
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the rain has come mud – a good foot or deeper. It
splatters and cakes everything, and constantly
sucks at our boots. One new recruit got his feet
stuck in it, and then his hands too when he tried to
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get out.
Through all this, we could not help feeling curious vt;tsT ele;jhYk;> vq;fis fle;J nry;Yk; n[u;kdpa
about the German soldiers across the way. After tPuu;fspd; Nky; xU md;G ,Ue;jJ. mtu;fSk;
all, they faced the same dangers we did and vq;fisg;Nghy; Mgj;ij re;jpf;fpwhu;fs;> ,e;j Nrw;wpy;
slogged about in the same muck. What’s more, Nrhu;tilfpwhu;fs;. mtu;fsJ Kjy; GijFop rw;W J}uk;
their first trench was only fifty yards from ours. cs;sJ. vq;fs; ,U gilfSf;Fk; eLNt> NehNkd;];
,lk; vd;W ,Uf;Fk;. ,U gf;fKk; fk;gpfshy;
Between us lay No man’s Land, bordered on both
nfl;lg;gl;bUf;Fk;. MdhYk;> mtu;fs; Fuy;fspy; rpy
sides by barbed wire – yet they were close enough
Neuk; Nfl;Fk;.
we sometimes heard their voices.
Of course, we hated them when they killed our mtu;fs; vq;fsJ ez;gu;fis nfhy;Yk;NghJ> mtu;fis
friends. But other times, we joked about them and gpbf;fhJ. kw;w Neuq;fspy;> mtu;fisg; gw;wp Nfyp nra;J
almost felt we had something in common. And nfhs;Nthk;> vq;fSf;Fk;> mtu;fSf;Fk; ,ilNa
now it seems they felt the same. nghJthf VNjh cs;sJ vd;W epidg;Nghk;. mtu;fSk;
mijNghy; czu;e;jhu;fs; vd;gJ ,g;nghOJ njupfpwJ.
Just yesterday morning – Christmas Eve Day – we New;W fhiyapy; fpU];Jk]; tpLKiw md;W ey;y xU
had our first good freeze. Cold as we were, we ciwgdpahf ,e;jJ. kpfTk; Fspu;e;J. ehq;fs; mij
welcomed it, because at least the mud froze solid. tuNtw;Nwhk;. rfjpahtJ fl;bahf cs;sNj vd;W
Everything was tinged white with frost while a epidj;J nfhz;Nlhk;. vy;yhNk gdpapy;
bright sun shone over everything. Perfect %bf;nfhz;bUe;jJ gpd;du;> #upad; mjd; Nky; gl;lJ
Christmas weather! mofhd fpU];Jk]; thdpiy.
During the day, there was little shelling or rife inre gfy;Neuj;jpy;> Jg;ghf;fp #L eilngw;wJ. ,uT Neuk; tu>
from either side. And as darkness fell on our Jg;ghf;fp #L epd;wJ gy khjq;fSf;F gpd;du;> mijp
Christmas Eve, the shooting stopped entirely. Our epytpaJ ehq;fs; ,J xU mikjpahd tpLKiw vd;W
first complete silence in months! We hoped it epidj;Njhk;. Mdhy;> mg;gb KOtJkhf ek;g
might promise a peaceful holiday, but didn’t count Kbatpy;iy n[u;kdpau;fs; vg;nghOJ Ntz;LkhdhYk;
on it. We’d been told the Germans might attack jhf;Fjy; elj;jyhk;.
and try to catch us of guard
I went to the dugout to rest, and lying on my cot, I ehd; $lhuj;jpw;Fr; nrd;W> vd;Dila fl;bypy;
must have drifted asleep. All at once my friend gLj;Njd;. ehd; ed;whf J}q;fpapUg;Ngd;. jpbnud>
John was shaking me awake, saying, “Come and vd;Dila ez;gd; [hd; vd;id vOg;gpdhd;.',q;f ghu;
see! See what the Germans are doing!” I grabbed n[u;kdpau;fs; vd;d nra;Js;shu;fs; vd;W ehd; vdJ
my rife, stumbled out into the trench, and stuck Jg;ghf;fpia vLj;Jf;nfhz;L> nkJthf kzy; rhf;fpd;
my head cautiously above the sandbags. topahf ghu;j;Njd;.
I never hope to see a stranger and more lovely ehd; ve;j xU Gjpa egiuAk; ghu;f;f tpy;iy. xU mofhd
sight. Clusters of tiny lights were shining all along fhl;rpiag; ghu;j;Njd; gytpjkhd tz;z tpsf;Ffshy;
the German line, left and right as far as the eye n[u;kdpa ,lk; myq;fupf;fg;gl;lJ.
could see.
“What is it?" I asked in bewilderment, and John ',J vd;d?" vd kdf;Fog;gj;jpy; Nfl;Nld;.
answered, “Christmas trees!” [hd;>'fpU];Jk]; kuk; vd;whd;.
And so it was. The Germans had placed n[u;kdpau;fs; mtu;fsJ GijFop Kd; fpU];Jk];
Christmas trees in front of their trenches, lit by kuj;ij itj;J> gy tpsf;Ffs; itj;J> jq;fsJ ey;y
vz;zj;ij ntspg;gLj;jpdhu;fs;.
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candle or lantern, like beacons of goodwill
And then we heard them singing mtu;fs; ghbf; nfhz;bUe;jhu;fs;.
Stille nacht, heilige nacht.... 'mikjpahd ,uT> Gdpjkhd ,uT..."
This carol may not yet be familiar to us in Britain, gpupl;ldpy; ,e;j ghl;L Nfs;tpg;gl;ljpy;iy. Mdhy;>
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but John knew it and translated: “Silent Night, [hdpw;F njupe;jjhy;> nkhopngau;g;G nra;jhd;
Holy Night.” I’ve never heard one lovelier- or 'mikjpahd ,uT Gdpjkhd ,uT" ehd; ,JNghy; xU
more meaningful, in that quiet, clear night, its ghl;il Nfl;lNj ,y;iy. epyh ntspr;rj;jpy; uk;akhd
darkness softened by a first – quarter moon ghl;lhf ,Ue;jJ.
When the song finished, the men in our trenches me;j ghl;L Kbe;jTld; vq;fs; Ms;fs; ifjl;bdhu;fs;.
applauded. Yes, British soldiers applauded Mkhk;> Mq;fpNya tPuu;fs;> n[u;kdpau;fSf;F
Germans! Then one of our own men started ifjl;bdhu;fs;. gpd;du;> vq;fspy; xUtu; ghl Muk;gpf;f>
singing, and we all joined in. ehq;fSk; ghbNdhk;.
The first Nowell, the angel did say... 'xU Gjpa ,uT...Njtijfs; nrhy;Yfpwhu;fs;...
In truth, we sounded not nearly as good as the cz;ik vd;dntd;why;> ehq;fsa;
Germans, with the fine harmonies. But they n[u;kdpau;fisg;Nghy;> xw;Wikahf ghltpy;iy. Mdhy;>
responded with enthusiastic applause of their own mtu;fs; ifjl;b ghuhl;b> mLj;j ghly; ghbdhu;fs;.
and then began another
O Tannenbaum, o Tannenbaum… 'X fpU];Jk]; kuk;...X fpU];Jk]; kuk;..."
Then we replied gpd;du; ehq;fs; ghbNdhk;.
O come all ye faithful… 'ek;gpf;ifahdtu;fs; thUq;fs;..."
But this time they joined in, singing the words in ,g;nghOJ Nyz;by; gpupl;lDk;> n[u;kdpahu;fSk;
Latin. xw;Wik Mdhu;.
Adeste fideles
Britain and Germany harmonizing across No ,ijtpl xU mjprakhd tp\ak; ,y;iy. Mdhy;>
Man’s Land! I would have thought nothing could mijtpl xU ngupa mjprak; ele;jJ.
be more amazing – but what came next was even
more so.
“English, come over!” we heard one of them 'Mq;fpNyau;fs; thUq;fs;" xUtu; fj;jpdhu; 'ePq;fSk;
shout. “You no shoot, we no shoot.” Rl Ntz;lhk; ehq;fSk; Rl tpy;iy".
There in the trenches, we looked at each other in ehq;fs; xUtiunahUtu; mjprakhfg;
bewilderment. Then one of us shouted. Jokingly, ghu;j;Jf;nfhz;bUe;Njhk;. xUtu; Nfypahf ePq;fs; Kjypy;
“You come over here.” thq;fs;" vd;whu;.
To our astonishment, we saw two figures rise from ehq;fNs jpiff;Fk;gb ,uz;L cUtq;fs; fk;gp topahf
a trench, climb over their barbed wire, and NkNywp te;jJ. xU ghJfhg;Gk; ,y;iy mjpy; xUtd;
advance unprotected across No Man’s Land. One 'cau; mjpfhupaplk; NghfNtz;Lk;" vd;whd;.
of them called, “Send officer to talk.”
I saw one of our men lift his rife to the ready, and vq;fspy; xUtd; Jg;ghf;fpia J}f;fpdhd; ehq;fSk;
no doubt others did the same – but our captain mijr; nra;a jahuhNdhk;. vq;fsJ gilj;jiytu;
called out, “Hold your fire.” Then the climbed out 'epg;ghl;Lq;fs;" vd;whu;. mtu;> fk;gpapd; Nky; Vwp
and went to meet the Germans halfway. n[u;kdpau;fis ghu;f;fr; nrd;whu;.
We heard them talking, and a few minutes later, mth;fs; ,UtUk; Ngrpdh;. rpy epkplq;fSf;F gpd;dh;
the captain came back and announced, “We’ve gilj;jiyth; ntspNa te;J> ehis ,uT itu ek;Ks;>
agreed that there will be no shooting before Jg;ghf;fpr;#L Ntz;lhk; vd KbntLj;J ,Uf;Nfhk;.
midnight tomorrow. But sentries are to remain on Mdhy; fhtyhspfs; Ntiyapy; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
duty, and the rest of you, stay alert.” kw;wth;fs; ftdkhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;whh;.
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Across the way, we could make out groups of two mq;Nf midtUk; $bdhh;fs;. ,uz;L my;yJ %d;W
or three men starting out of trenches and coming Ngh; GijFopapy; ,Ue;J ntspte;jdh;. rpy epkplq;fs;>
towards us. Then some of us climbed out too, and me;j ,lj;jpy;> giltPuh;fSk;> mjpfhhpfSk; $bdh;.
in minutes, there we were in No Man’s Land – ahiunay;yhk; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;W Jbj;NjhNkh>
mth;fSld; if mirj;J> Ngrpf; nfhz;bUe;Njhk;.
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over a hundred soldiers and officers of each side,
shaking hands with menwe'd been trying to kill
just hours earlier!
Before long, a bonfire was built and around it we gpd;dH> neUg;gpid %l;b> ,uz;L ehl;bdUk; Mq;fpy
mingled – British khaki and German grey. fhf;fp> n[h;kdpa rhk;gy; epwKk; mkh;eJ
; ,Ue;jhh;fs;.
I must say, the Germans were the better dressed, n[h;kdpah;fs;> tpLKiw rPUilapy; vq;fistpl ed;whf
with fresh uniforms for the holidays ,Ue;jhh;fs; vd;W ehd; fz;bg;ghf nrhy;y Ntz;Lk;.
Only a couple of our men knew German, but more vq;fspy; ,uz;L NgUf;Fj;jhd; n[h;kd; njhpAk;.
of the Germans knew English. I asked one of them Mdhy;> mth;fspy; epiwa NgUf;F Mq;fpyk; njhpe;jJ.
why that was so. ehd; mjw;Fhpa fhuzj;ij mth;fsplk; Nfl;Nld;.
“Because many have worked in England!” he said. 'Vndd;why;> vq;fspy; gyNgh; ,q;fpyhe;jpy; Ntiy
“Before all this, I was a waiter at the Hotel Cecil. nra;Js;Nshk;" vd;whd;. 'ehd; rprpy; tpLjpapy;
Perhaps I waited on your table!” gzpahsuhf Ntiy nra;Js;Nsd;. ePq;fs; te;j nghOJ
$l> cq;fs; Nkirapy; gzpGhpe;jpUg;Ngd;.
"Perhaps you did!" I said, laughing 'Mkhk;. eP jhd; ,Ue;jha;" vd;W rphpj;Jf; nfhz;Nl
nrhd;Ndd;.
Another German had been a porter at Victoria ,d;ndhU n[h;kd; tpf;Nlhhpah uapy; epiyaj;jpy;> Rik
Station. He showed me a picture of his family J}f;Fgtdhf Ntiy ghh;jj ; hd;. mtd;> jdJ FLk;gk;
back in Munich. It was so lovely, I told him I Kdpf; vd;w gFjpapy; ,Uf;fpwJ vd xU Gifg;glj;ij
would like to meet his family members someday. fhl;bdhd;. mJ ghh;f;f ed;whf ,Ue;jJ. ehd; mth;fs;
He happily gave me his family’s address. FLk;gj;ij xU ehs; ghh;f;f tUNtd; vd;W $wpaTld;
mth;fs; tpyhrj;ij FLj;jhd;.
Even those who could not converse could still xUtUf;nfhUth; NgrKbahjth;fs; mth;fspilNa
exchange gifts – our tea for their coffee, our ghpRfis vq;fs; Bf;F mth;fspd; fhgp> vq;fspd; fwpf;F>
corned meat for their sausage. Badges and buttons mth;fspd; Ritr;rhW vd tpj;jpahrkhf ele;jJ.
from uniforms changed owners, and one of our rPUilapy; cs;s Ngl;[;fSk;> gl;ld;fSk; ,lk; khwpd.
boys walked of with a spiked helmet! I myself
traded a jack knife for a leather equipment belt – a
fine souvenir to show when I get home.
As it grew late, a few more songs were traded vq;fs; igad; xUtd;> mth;fsJ ];gPf; cs;s
around the fire, and then all joined in for – I am jiymzpia mzpe;jhd;. ehDk;> xU fj;jpiaf;
not lying to you – “Auld Lang Syne.” Then we nfhLj;J xU Njhypdhy; Md ngy;l;il thq;fpNdd;.
parted with promises to meet again tomorrow, and ,J ehd; tPl;Lf;F tUk; nghOJ nfhz;L tUk; xU
there was even some talk of a football match epidT rpd;dk;.
I was just starting back to the trenches when an Neuk; Mf> epiwa ghly;fs;> neUg;gpid Rw;wp ghlg;gl;lJ.
older German soldier clutched my arm. “My ehq;fs; midtUk; Nrh;e;J ghbNdhk;. ehd; Ngha;
God,” he said, “why cannot we have peace and all nrhy;ytpy;iy. ehq;fs; midtUk; ehis re;jpj;J>
go home?” fhy;ge;J tpisahlyhk; vd;Nwhk;.
I told him gently, “That you must ask your ehd;> vq;fsJ Gijf;F NghFk;nghOJ> xU tajhd
emperor.” n[h;kd; giltPuh; vdJ ifia gpbj;jhh;. mth;> ehk; Vd;

xw;Wikahf ,Uf;ff;$lhJ? ehk; vy;yhk; tPl;Lf;F
Nghfyhk;?"
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He looked at me searchingly and said, “Perhaps ehd; mikjpahf> ePq;fs; ,ij cq;fs; murhplk;
my friend. But we must also ask our hearts.” nrhy;yyhNk?"
And so, dear sister, tell me, has there ever been rNfhjhpNa ,J Nghy; xU fpU];Jk]; tuyhwpay;
nfhz;lhlg;gl;Ls;sjh? ekJ vjphpfis ez;gdhf;f
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such a Christmas Eve in all history? What does it
all mean, this impossible befriending of enemies? Kbahjh?
For the fighting here, of course, it means ,q;Nf rz;il NghLtJ tUj;jkhd tp\ak;. mth;fs;
regrettably little. Decent fellows those soldiers kpfTk; ey;yth;fs;. nrhd;dgb nrhy;fpwhh;fs;. ehq;fs;
may be, but they follow orders and we do the mth;fis jLf;ftpy;iy. mth;fs; Ntiyia
same. Besides, we are here to stop their army and nra;atpl;Nlhk;.
send it home, and never could we shirk that duty.
Still, one cannot help but imagine what would ,q;F ele;jij ntspNa nrhd;dhy; vd;d ehlhFk;
happen if the spirit shown here were caught by the vd;W njhpatpy;iy. rz;il cUthFk;. Mdhy; ekJ
nations of the world. Disputes may arise but what jiyth;fs;> vr;rhpf;if nfhLg;gjw;F gjpy; ey;y
if our leaders were to offer good wishes in place of thh;j;ijfis gad;gLj;jyhNk? kdR Gz;gl NgRtjw;F
warnings; songs in place of insults; gifts in place gjpy; ghly;fs; ghlyhk;. gop thq;Ftjw;F gjpy; ghpRfs;
of reprisals? Would not all wars end at once? nfhLf;fyhk;. ,e;j Nghh;fs; vy;yhk; KbTf;F tUk;.
All nations say they want peace. Yet on this vy;yh ehLfSk; mikjp Ntz;Lk; vd;fpwhh;fs;. Mdhy;>
Christmas morning, I wonder if we want it quite ,e;j fpU];Jk]; ehspy; midj;Jk; elf;f Ntz;Lk; vd
enough ehd; tpUk;GfpNwd;.
Your loving brother, Tom cdJ md;ghd rNfhjud; lhk;

truce (n) - an agreement to stop ghting or dugout (n) - a trench that is dug and roofed
arguing for a period of time over as a shelter for troops.
carols (n) - a religious folk song or popular trenches (n) - a long, narrow ditch
hymn, particularly one associated
with Christmas
maim (v) - injure or wound seriously and leave splatter (n) - a small quantity of something
permanent damage to body or parts moist or liquid
slog (v) - work hard over a period of time muck (n) - dirt, rubbish, or waste matter.
stumble (v) - trip or momentarily lose one's bewilderment (n) - a feeling of being perplexed and
balance; almost fall confused
Character Key words

Janet  Sister of Tom
 Getting letter from her brother.
 Lives in London.
Tom  Britain Soldier

 In the war field of World war I.
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 Celebrating the Christmas Eve in War field.
 Writing letter to his sister.
 Sharing gifts to his soldiers.
 Getting address from a German Soldier.
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 Hating wars.
German Soldiers  They are in war field

 Arranging for the Christmas Eve.
 Placing Christmas trees, lighting candle,
and sing a song.
 Celebrating Christmas with Britain soldiers.
 Sharing gifts with them.
 Hate wars.

I never hope to see a stranger and more lovely sight. Clusters of tiny lights were shining all
along the German line, left and right as far as the eye could see.
“What is it?” I asked in bewilderment, and John answered, “Christmas tree!”
And so it was. The Germans had placed Christmas trees in front of their trenches, lit by
candle or lantern, like beacons of goodwill.
And then we heard them singing.
Stille nacht, heilige nacht…
Questions Answers
1. What were shining in the German line? 1. Clusters of tiny lights were shining all along the German
line.
2. How were the lights arranged? 2. The lights were arranged in left and right as far as the eye
could see.
3. Why the Germans placed the Christmas tree? 3. It was a Christmas Eve so the Germans placed Christmas
tree.
4. Where they placed the Christmas tree? 4. They placed Christmas trees in front of their trenches.
5. What did the Germans sing? 5. The Germans had sung, “Stille nacht, heilige nacht…”
2. To our astonishment, we saw two figures rise from a trench, climb over their barbered wire, and advance unprotected
across No Man Land. One of them called, “send officer to talk.”
I saw one of our man lift his rifle to the ready, and no doubts others did the same – but our captain called out, “hold
your fire”. Then he climbed out and went to meet the Germans halfway.
We heard them talking, and a few minutes later, the captain came back and announced,
“We’ve agreed that there will be no shooting before midnight tomorrow. But sentries are to remain on duty, and the rest
of you, stay alert.
Questions Answers
1. How many figures rise from a trench? 1. Two figures rise from a trench.
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2. Why the man raised the rifle? 2. He thought that that man was his enemy.
3. What the captain called out? 3. The captain called out “hold your fire”.
4. Where he went? 4. He went to meet the Germans halfway.
5. What the captain announced? 5. The captain announced that there would not be no
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shooting before midnight tomorrow.
3. Through all this, we could not help feeling curious about the German soldiers across the way. After all, they faced the
same dangers we did and slogged about in the same muck. What’s more, their first trench was only fifty yards from
ours. Between us lay No Man’s Land bordered on both sides by barbed wire - yet they were close enough we
sometimes heard their voices.
Of course, we hated them when they killed our friends. But other times, we joked about them and almost felt we had
something in common. And now it seems they felt the same.
Questions Answers
1. What was the same danger faced by the both? 1. The same danger faced by both was the war.
2. Where was the first trench? 2. The first trench was only fifty yards from them.
3. Where was the No Man’s Land? 3. No Man’s Land was between Germans and English army.
4. When they hated them? 4. They hated them when they killed their friends.
5. What was common among them? 5. Killing our friends in war and in other time they joked
about them, these were common among them.
C. Answer the following questions in about 100 – 120 words:

1. Narrate the Christmas celebration as happened in the war field.
Topic : The Christmas Truce

Author : Aaron Shepard
Genre : Narration
Theme : Celebrations beyond enmity
On Christmas Eve, the soldiers had their first good freeze. Everything was tinged while with frost and a
bright sun shone. It was perfect Christmas weather. Clusters of tiny lights shone all along the German line.
They had placed Christmas trees, lit by candles, or lanterns,beacons of goodwill. The Germans started singing,
"Stille nacht….". The British applauded the Germans. Both the British and German troops crossed the barbed
wires and were in No man's Land. They shared their joy. They greeted and wished each other. They
exchanged wonderful presents with all that they had. The Christmas celebration was wonderful as joy
prevailed everywhere and they longed for peace.
“Always forgive your enemies; nothing annoys them so much”...
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AVERAGE STUDENTS

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Genre : Narration
Aaron Shepard tells the true story of how World War I troops on both sides of the trenches
spontaneously observed Christmas 1914 together. This is the story in the form of a letter to his sister
Janet in London. After a heavy war the German soldiers gathered to celebrate the Christmas eve. The
Germans were singing and they had placed Christmas trees, complete with burning candles, all along their
trenches. The Germans invited the Allied soldiers to come out of their trenches and meet in the
middle. They exchanged gifts - badges and uniform buttons, cigarettes, coffee and tea, and even
newspapers. The soldiers parted and went back to their trenches. As Tom ends his letter to his sister, he
writes: “All nations say they want peace”. In this fictional letter from Tom, Shepard tries to clear up
some false beliefs and misconceptions.
trenches - kiw Fopfs;; allied soldiers - mUNf ,Ue;j tPuh;fs;; exchanged gifts - ghpRg; nghul;fis
ghpkhw;wk; nra;J nfhz;ldh;; fictional letter - fw;gidf; fbjk;; peace - mikjp; clear up some false
beliefs and misconceptions - jtwhd vz;zq;fs; kw;Wk; ngha;ahd ek;gpf;iffis njspTgLj;j
vz;zpdhh;
SLOW LEARNERS

Genre : Narration
 Aaron Shepard tells a Christmas eve of 1914 and how World War I troops observed it.
 This story was a letter from Tom, a soldier to his sister.
 After a heavy war the soldiers were in Christmas eve.
 The Germans invited the Allied soldiers for Christmas Eve.
 They exchanged gifts.
 The soldiers parted and went back to their trenches.
 As Tom ends his letter as "All nations say they want peace”.
 Shepard tries to clear up some false beliefs and misconceptions on war
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ENVELOPE My Dear Mom,
D. Think and answer: It was a wonderful Christmas this year. We had
1. Do you envision a similar truce taking place in any the opportunity of celebrating with our foes. Sorry I
wars or fighting today? Explain. should not say like that because they are our friends
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Yes, I could feel the same enmity between India now. We crossed boundaries and exchanged gifts.
and Pakistan borders. During Independence day, the We even sang Christmas songs.
soldiers of India and Pakistan exchange the wishes, It’s all like a dream. Hope all this truce ends soon.
shake hands and sharing sweets. Enemies are We long for peace.
befriended. They offer good wishes in place of With love,
warnings. The bond of brotherhood still exists. (John)
2. Today, much of what we know about the truce Address on the Envelope:
comes from soldiers' postcards home. In the post To
card given below, write a short message home. Mr. Jerome,
Imagine that you took part in the 1914 36, Sundar street,
Christmas Truce. Pasumlai,
Srivilliputhur 9.
PART I
Answer all the questions. 20X1=20
Choose the most appropriate synonyms of the underlined words in the following sentences.
 ,it Prose gFjpapypUe;J tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLk;
 nfhLf;fg;gl;l thf;fpaj;jpy; mbf;Nfhbw;Fk; (m) rha;j;J nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s thh;ji ; jf;Fk;
,izahd mh;j;jk; nfhz;l thh;j;ijia fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s ehd;F thh;j;ijfSs; rhpahd
tpilia Njh;e;njLj;J vOJf
Choose the most appropriate antonyms of the underlined words in the following sentences.
 ,it Prose gFjpapypUe;J tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLk;
 nfhLf;fg;gl;l thf;fpaj;jpy; mbf;Nfhbw;Fk; (m) rha;j;J nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s thh;j;ijf;Fk; vjpuhd
mh;j;jk; nfhz;l thh;j;ijia fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s ehd;F thh;j;ijfSs; rhpahd tpilia
Njh;e;njLj;J vOJf
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There are two number of noun. They are singular and plural.
nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s nrhy;ypd; rhpahd xUik>gd;ikia jug;gl;Ls;s option-y; njhpT nra;a
Ntz;Lk;. xUik nfhLj;J gd;ikiaNah my;yJ gd;ik nfhLj;J xUikiaNah Nfl;fg;gLk;.
Let us see how to form plural from singular.
xUikiag; gd;ikahf;Fk; Kiwfis ,q;Nf fhz;Nghk;.
1. By merely adding ‘s’ we can form plurals. xUikg; ngah; nrhw;fs; ‘y’ y; Kbj;J Kd;
rpy xUik ngah; nrhw;fis gd;ikahf;fp capnuOj;Jf;fs; ,Uf;Fk;. (a,e,i,o,u) gl;rj;jpy;
,Wjpapy; ‘S’ Nrh;ff ; . ‘y’ ePff ; p tpl;L ‘s’ I Nrh;j;jhNy mit gd;ik
Pen – Pens tbtkhf khwp tpLk;.
Pencil – pencils Ex : day – days ; Toy – toys; chimney –chimneys;
dog – dogs essay – essays
cat – cats 5. If singular nouns end with ‘o’ preceded by consonant,
grown up – grown ups pen add ‘es’ to make it plural.
spoonful – spoonfuls xUikg; ngah; nrhw;fs; ‘o’ y; Fbj;J mjw;F
dining room – dining rooms Kd; Consonant ,Ue;jhy; ‘es’ Nrh;j;jhy;
2. If singular noun end with s, sh, ss, ch, x, add ‘es’ at mit gd;ik tbtpy; khwptpLk;.
the end to make plural. potato – potatoes
xUik ngah; nrhw;fs; s, sh, ss, ch, x Mfpa tomato – tomatoes
vOj;Jf;fspy; Kbj;jhy; mtw;wpd; ,Wjpapy; buffalo – buffaloes
‘es’ Nrh;j;jhy;> mit gd;ikahf khwptpLk;. These are some exceptions. Here they are ,tw;wpy;
Ex : Fox – Foxes rpy tpjptpyf;Ffs; cs;sd. mitahtd
Tax – Taxes Torch – Torches Ex : kilo – kilos
glass – glasses class – calsses memo – memos
brush – brushes dynamo – dynamos
3. If singular nouns end with ‘y’ preceding consenaut, 6. If singular nouns end with ‘o’ preceded by vowel
then remove ‘y’ and add ‘ies’. (a,e,i,o,u) then add ‘s’ to make it plural.
xUikg; ngah; nrhy;ypd; ,Wjp vOj;J ‘y’ vd xUikg; ngah; nrhw;fs; ‘o’ tpy; Kbj;J
,Ue;J mjw;Fz;lhd nka;naOj;J mjw;F Kd;dh; capnuOj;Jf;fs; ,Ue;jhy;>
(Consenant) ,Ue;jhy; ‘y’ ePff ; p tpl;L ‘ies’ ntWk; ‘s’ kl;Lk; Nrh;j;jhy; mit gd;ik
Nrh;ff ; Tk;. tbtq;fshf khwptpLk;.
Ex : lady – ladies folio – folios
army – armies city – cities studio – studios
story – stories baby – babies radio – radios
duty – duties 7. If singular nouns end with ‘f’ or ‘fe’, then add ‘s’ by
4. If singular nouns end with ‘y’, preceded bythe vowel deleting ‘f’ or ‘fe’ and then add ‘es’ ‘p’.
letters, then romove ‘y’ and add ‘s’ to form the xUikg; ngah; nrhw;fs; my;yJ ‘fe’y;
plural. Kbtile;jhy;> mij ePf;fp tpl;L ‘ves’
Nrh;ff ; Tk;.
wife - wives self - selves 13. If singular noun ends with ‘am’ change ‘a’ instead
wolf – wolves thief – thieves of ‘um’ to form the plural noun.
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knife – knifes loaf – loaves Ex : bacterium – bacteria ; aquarium – aquaria;
calf – calves agendum – agenda, medium – media, erratum –
There are some exemptions. errata, curriculum – curriaila, phylum – phyla
Kerchief – kerchiefs roof – roofs 14. Singular nouns which end with ‘on’ add ‘a’ instead
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grief – griefs hoof – hoofs of ‘on’ to make plural form – ‘on’ y; KbAk;
8. Some singular noun have entirely different plural xUikg; ngah; nrhw;fs; ‘a’ vd khw;wk;
form. They are called irregular plurals spelling nra;jhy; gd;ikahfptpLk;.
changes internally for such plurals. Ex : Phenomenon – phenomena
rpy xUik ngah; nrhw;fspd; gd;ik Kw;wpYk; critenion – criteria
NtWgl;ljhf ,Uf;Fk;. ,it irregular verbs automation – automata
vd;wiof;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,t;tifahd polyhedron – polyhedra
gd;ikg; ngah; nrhw;fSf;F thh;j;ijapd;> 15. Singular nouns that end with ‘ex’ change it to ‘ices’
xUikapYs;s vOj;Jf;fs;. to make plural noun.
Man – men woman – women ‘ex’ vd KbAk; xUikg; ngah; nrhw;fSf;F
child – children ox – oxen ‘ex’ I ePf;fp tpl;L ‘ies’ Nrh;j;jhy; mit
tooth – teeth mouse – mice gd;ikahfptpLk;.
Goose – geese foot – feet Ex : Index – indices / indexes
9. When the singular nown ends with ‘a’ and ‘e’ to it to 16. If singular noun ends with ‘ix’ then change ‘ix’ to
make it plural ‘ices’ to form plurals.
Ex : antenna – antennae ; vertebra – vertebrae Ex : matrix – matrices
formula – formulae ; alumina – aluminae appendix – appendices
10. When the singular noun ends with ‘is’ changes in to ‘ix’ f;F gjpyhf ‘ices’ Nrh;j;jhy; mit gd;ik
‘es’ to form plural. ngauhf khwp tpLk;.
‘is’ y; KbAk; xUikg; ngah; nrhw;fSf;Fg; 17. The following compound words have ‘s’ in the first
gjpy; ‘es’ Nrh;j;J gd;ikahf;fyhk;. word in their plural form.
Ex : Crisis – Crises; axis – axes, thesis – theses, oasis – $l;Lr; nrhw;fspd; Kjy; nrhy;Yld; ‘s’
oases; synopsis – synopses; hypothesis – ypotheses; Nrh;j;jhy; mit gd;ik tbtkhf khwp tpLk;.
diagnosis – diagnoses, analysis – analyses Ex : son – in – law = sons – in- law
11. If Singular nown ends with ‘us’ add ‘i’ by removing daugher – in law = daughters – in – law
‘us’ to make it plural. commander – in – chief = commanders – in – chief
‘us’ y; KbAk; xUikg; ngah; nrhw;fSf;F passer – by = passers – by
‘us’ia ePff ; p tpl;L ‘i’ vdr; Nrh;j;jhy; mit governor – general = governors – general
gd;ikahFk;. runner – up = runners – up
Ex : Radius – Radii, Fungus – Fungi, focus – foci, 18. Some compound words have plural form in both the
Alumnus – Alunini, terminus – termini, Cactus – words.
cacti rpy $l;L nrhw;fis gd;ikahf;f
12. Some singular noun which ends with ‘us’, may take mtw;wpYs;s ,uz;L noun fisAk;
‘ora’ or ‘era’ for their plural form gd;ikahf khw;w Ntz;Lk;.
‘us’ y; KbAk; rpy xUikg; ngah; nrhw;fs; Woman student - women students
‘ora’ my;yJ ‘era’ vd khw;wptpLk; NghJ mit Man servant – Men servants
gd;ik ngah; nrhy;yhf khwp tpLk;. 19. The follwing nouns have the same form in both
Ex : Corpus – corpora singular and plural.
genus – genera News – News Corps – Corps
Series – Series Things – Things 6. What is the plural form of ‘stratum’?

Kudos – Kudos means – means a) stratum b) strati c) stratums
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eyeglasses – eyeglasses shorts – shorts 7. Which is the plural form of ‘aquarium’?
Premises – premises spectales – spectales a) aquariums b) aquarium
trousers – trousers pants – pants c) aquaria
scissors – scissors
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20. The following nouns don’t have ‘s’ in their plural 8. What is the plural for ‘alumna’?
form. a) alumnas b) alumnae c) alumnea
fPo;fz;l xUikg; ngah; nrhw;fSf;F ‘s’ 9. What is the plural for ‘alumnus’?
Nrh;ff ; Ntz;bajpy;iy. a) alumna b) alumni c) alum
Ex : Cattle – cattle 10. What is the plural form of ‘sheep’?
deer – deer furniture – furniture a) sheeps b) sheepes c) sheep
luggage – luggage advice – advice 11. What is the plural form of ‘grown-up’?
stationary – stationery bison – bison a) growns -up b) grown -ups
equipment – equipment sheep – sheep c) grown-up
swine – swine staff – staff 12. What is the plural form of ‘man servant’?
scenery – scenery a) man servants b) men servant
Easy to Remenber c) men servants
Singular Plural 13. What is the plural form of ‘spectacles’?
End with s, sh, ss, ch, es a) spectacleses b) spectaclesis
End with y (a,e,i,o,u) s c) spectacles
end with y (consonant) ies 14. What is the plural for ‘analysis’?
end with o (consonent) es a) analyis b) analyses c) analyises
end with oc (voud) s 15. What is the plural for ‘erratum’?
end with f / fe ves a) erratum b) erratums c) errata
end with a ae 16. What is the plural for ‘thief’?
end with is es a) thiefs b) thiefes c) thieves
end with us ‘i’ 17. What is the plural for ‘index’?
a) indices b) indexs c) indice
end with um a
18. What is the plural for ‘criterion’?
end with on a
a) criterioins b) criteriae c) criteria
end with ex/ ix ices
19. What is the plural for ‘fungus’?
a) fungi b) fungae c) funguss
20. What is the plural for ‘locus’?
a) locuses b) loci c) locae
1. What is the plural form of ‘axis’?
21. What is the plural for ‘son-in-law’?
a) axiss b) axes c) axis
a) son-in-laws b) son-in-law
2. What is the plural form of ‘crisis’?
c) sons-in-laws
a) crisis b) crises c) crisae
22. What is the plural for ‘species’?
3. What is the plural for ‘focus’?
a) specie b) specy c) species
a) focuses b) focus c) foci
23. What is the plural for piece of furniture?
4. What is the plural for ‘terminus’?
a) pieces of furniture b) pieces of furnitures
a) terminus b) termine c) termini
c) piece of furnitures
5. What is the plural for ‘memorandum’?
a) memoranclam b) memoranda 24. What is the plural for ‘buffalo’?
a) buffalos b) buffaloes c) bafflos
c) memorandums
25. What is the plural for ‘goose’? 7) strata 20) loci

a) geese b) gooses c) geeses 8) aquaria 21) sons- in-law
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Answers: 9) alumni 22) species
1) axes 14) analyses 10) sheep 23) pieces of furniture
2) crises 15) errata 11) grown - ups 24) buffaloes
3) foci 16) thieves 12) men- servant 25) geese
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4) termini 17) indices 13) spectacles
5) genii 18) criteria
6) memoranda 19) fungi
PREFIX
Prefixes cannot function as independent words. They modify the meaning of the words to which they are added.
One set of prefix reverses the meaning of the word.
thHj;ijf;F Kd;dhy; ,izAk; thHj;ijfs; jdp thHj;ijfshf nray;gl KbahJ. mitfs; NrUk;
thHj;ijfspd; mh;j;jj;ij khw;Wk;. xUtif Kd;dhy; Nrh;fF ; k; thHj;ij> thHj;ijapd; mh;j;jj;ij
jiyfPohf khw;Wk;.
1. In – 5. Pro –
In active Inactive Pro claim Proclaim
land Inland democracy Pro-democracy
sight Insight long Prolong
vocate Invocate noun Pronoun
2. Im – 6. De –
Im possible Impossible De code Decode
polite Impolite fame Defame
print Imprint grade Degrade
pure Impure forest Deforest
3. Pre – 7. Bi –
Pre caution Precaution Bi cycle Bicycle
face Preface labial Bilabial
paid Prepaid lateral Bilateral
record Pre-record monthly Bi-monthly
4. Post – 8. Tri –
Post box Postbox Tri angle Triangle
paid Postpaid colour Tricolour
graduate Post graduate cycle Tricycle
colonial Post-colonial lateral Tri-lateral
Prefix Meaning Example

Contra Against/ Opposite Contraindicate
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Contradiction
Counter Contrary/ Opposite Counteract
Counterclockwise
Dia Passing Through/ Across/ Between Dialogue
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Diameter
Fore Before Foretell
Forecast
Pan Pertaining to All Pan American
Pan Indian
PREFIX
S. NO PREFIX WORD NEW WORD
1 Anti Biotic Antibiotic
2 Co Worker Co-worker
3 De Forest Deforest
4 Dis Agree Disagree
Appear Disappear
Approve Disapprove
5 Em Brace Embrace
6 Ex Terminate Exterminate
7 Extra Ordinary Extraordinary
8 Hyper Active Hyperactive
9 Il Legal Illegal
10 In Definite Indefinite
11 Ir Responsible Irresponsible
12 Inter Act Interact
13 Micro Biology Microbiology
14 Mis Understand Misunderstand
15 Mono Syllable Monosyllable
16 Post Mortem Post-mortem
17 Pre Fix Prefix
18 Re Discover Rediscover
19 Semi Circle Semicircle
20 Super Star Superstar
21 Trans Port Transport
22 Tri Angle Triangle
23 Un Happy Unhappy
SUFFIX
A suffix is a letter or a group of letters linked to the end of a word. By adding suffixes, the grammatical function
of the words gets changed.
suffix vd;gJ thHj;ijapd; filrpapy; ,izf;fgLk; xU vOj;J my;yJ xU rpy vOj;Jfs;.
gpd;tUk; vOj;J my;yJ vOj;Jfis ,izg;gjhy;> me;j thHj;ijfspd; ,yf;fz nray; khWk;.
Eg : adding “ment” to the root word “manage” which is a verb, the new word becomes a noun – “Management”
Suffix Function Examples
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- ile It is used to express capability, liability, Docile, Fragile, Juvenile, Volatile, Ductile
Susceptibility etc
-ling It refers to one that is young, small or inferior Princeling, Duckling, Hireling
-let Indicate Smallness Booklet, Eaglet, Leaflet
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-ette It is generally used in diminutive sense reoffering Novelette, Kitchenette
to something small and tiny
-ity It is used for changing adjectives into noun of Visibility, Ability, duravlity, Capability,
quality and condition Ductility, Senseblity
-ise It is used to change a adjective or noun into adverb. Familiarize, Verbalise, Popularise, Criticise,
It is also used to indicate quality condition or Vandalise, Publicise
function.
-ly It is used to change a adjective into adverb Slowly, Sweetly, Immediately and Frequently
S. NO WORD SUFFIX NEW WORD

1 Remedy Al Remedial
2 Post Age Postage
3 Count Able Countable
4 Free Dom Freedom
5 Invent Or Inventor
6 Escape Ism Escapism
7 Valid Ity Validity
8 Enjoy Ment Enjoyment
9 Happy Ness Happiness
10 Friend Ship Friendship
11 Promote Tion Promotion
12 Power Ful Powerful
13 Number Wise Numberwise
14 Wire Less Wireless
15 Awe Some Awesome
16 Child Hood Childhood
17 Fortune Ate Fortunate
18 Book Let Booklet
19 Clear Ly Clearly
20 Child Ish Childish
21 Danger Ous Dangerous
22 Cruel Ty Cruelty
23 Full Y Fully
Book Back
Read the list of words formed by adding suffixes :
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Frequent - frequently
Satisfy - satisfaction
Willing - willingness
Comfort - comfortable
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Resemble - resemblance
Noble - nobility
Form two derivatives from each of the following words by adding prefixes and suffixes :
Word Prefix Suffix
patient impatient patiently
honour dishonour honourable
respect disrespect respectful
mange mismanage management
fertile infertile fertility
different indifferent differently
friend befriend friendly, friendship
obey disobey obedienct, obedience
Suffixes
Form a derivate by adding the right suffix to the words.
1. ‘frequent’ 8. ‘honour’
a) – ance b) – able a) – ity b) – able
c) – ful d) – ly c) – iance d) – ly
2. ‘satisfactory’ 9. ‘respect’
a) – ion b) – ness a) – ful b) – ity
c) – less d) – ance c) – ige d) – ian
3. ‘willing’ 10. ‘manage’
a) – less b) – ence a) – y b) – ar
c) – ly d) – ness c) – er d) – r
4. ‘comfort’ 11. ‘fertile’
a) – able b) – ly a) – ity b) –ness
c) – ness d) – ment c) – less d) – ful
5. ‘resemble’ 12. ‘different’
a) – ence b) – ance a) – ance b) – ly
c) – ity d) – less c) – ness d) – ism
6. ‘noble’ 13. ‘friend’
a) – ize b) – less a) – ship b) – ness
c) – ity d) – ance c) – ness d) – in
7. ‘patient’ 14. ‘obey’
a) – ly b) – ate a) – ly b) – dient
c) –ity d) – ness c) – at d) – ness
Prefixes 4. ‘manage’
Add a suitable prefix to the root word : a) mis - b) dis -
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1. ‘patient’ c) ir - d) – al
a) in - b) – ins 5. ‘fertile’
c) – ill d) – ir a) un - b) in -
2. ‘honour’ c) im - d) dis –
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a) dis - b) – un 6. ‘friend’
c) – im d) – semi a) be - b) re -
3. ‘respect’ c) dis - d) en –
a) un - b) – dis 7. ‘obey’
c) – il d) – en a) in - b) im -
c) ir - d) dis –
fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s AbbreviationAk; AcronymAk; ed;F gbf;fTk;. ,J vspjhd gFjp. khzth;fs;

KO kjpg;ngz;fs; ngwyhk;.
Abbreviation vd;gJ VjhtJ Kiwapy; thHj;ij my;yJ nrhw;nwhliu RUf;FtjhFk;
ABBREVIATION :
a) An abbreviation is shortening of a word or a phrase by any method. It can be spelt word by word.
Eg : prof. sr. B.Tech B.A. M.A.
b) A contraction is a reduction of word size
Contraction vd;gJ thHj;ijapd; msit Fiwg;gjhFk;.
Eg : Dr, Er, can’t they’re

c) An acronym is a word formed with the first letters of the words in the phrase. It can be pronounced as a word.
Acronym vd;gJ nrhw;nwhlhpy; cs;s Kjy; vOj;Jfshy; cUthf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,ij> xU

thHj;ijahf cr;rhpf;f KbAk;.
Eg : UNESCO, AIDS, SIM, AVADI, AIR

No. Abbreviation Expansion
1. P.A. Personal Assistant
2. P.S. Personal Secretary / Post Script
3. B. Tech. Bachelor of Technology
4. B.P. Blood Pressure
5. A.I.R. All India Radio
6. Dr. Doctor
7. G.M. General Manager

8. S.B.I State Bank Of India
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9. B. Pharm. Bachelor of Pharmacy
10. S.S.L.C. Secondary School Leaving Certificate
11. B.Com Bachelor of Commerce
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12. M.Com Master of Commerce
13. B.Sc. Bachelor of Science
14. M.Sc. Master of Science
15. M.S. Master of Surgery
16. M.B.B.S. Bachelor of Medicine And Bachelor Of Surgery
17. B.E. Bachelor of Engineering
18. M.E. Master of Engineering
19. B.L. Bachelor of Law
20. B.Ed. Bachelor of Education
21. M.Ed. Master of Education
22. L.P.G. Liquefied Petroleum Gas
23. F.A.O. Food and Agriculture Organization
24. F.A.Q Frequently Asked Question
25. A.U.T. Association of University Teachers
26. F.C.A. Fellow of the Institute of Charted Accountants
27. G8 Group of Eight Nations
28. C.M. Chief Minister
29. P.M. Prime Minister
30. F.M. Frequency Modulation
31. A.T.M. Automated Teller Machine
32. D.E.O. District Educational Officer
33. A.E.O. Assistant Educational Officer
34. I.A.S. Indian Administrative Service
35. I.P.S. Indian Police Service
36. M.L.A. Member of Legislative Assembly
37. M.P. Member of Parliament
38. B.P.O. Business Process Outsourcing
39. K.P.O. Knowledge Process Outsourcing
40. C.B.I. Central Bureau of Investigation

41. K.K.N.P.P. Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant
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42. B.B.C. British Broadcasting Corporation
43. C.C.T.V. Closed Circuit Television
44. R.T.E. Right To Education
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45. S.A.T. Scholastic Aptitude Test
46. C.A.D. Computer Aided Designing
47. C.D. Compact Disc
48. C.P.U. Central Processing Unit
49. M.B.A. Master of Business Administration
50. M. Phil. Master of Philosophy
51. I.F.S. Indian Foreign Service (Or) Indian Forest Service
52. N.D.A. National Defence Academy
53. L.A.N. Local Area Network
54. U.P.S. Uninterrupted Power Supply
55. S.M.S. Short Messaging Service
56. N.S.S. National Service Scheme
57. U.N.O. United Nations Organization
58. V.I.P. Very Important Person
59. U.G.C. University Grants Commission
60. P.I.N. Postal Index Number
61. T.N.P.S.C. Tamil Nadu Public Service Commission
62. M.C.A. Master of computer Application
63. W.H.O. World Health Organization
64. T.O.E.F.L. Test Of English as a Foreign Language
65. I.E.L.T.S. International English Language Testing System
66. G.A.T.E. Graduate Aptitude Test for Engineering
67. C.A.T. Common Aptitude Test
68. I.S.R.O. Indian Space Research Organization
69. N.A.S.A. National Aeronautics and Space Administration
70. AVADI Armed Vehicles and Ammunition Deport of India
71. TANSI Tamil Nadu Small Scale Industries
72. PAN Permanent Account Number
73. AIDS Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome

74. RAM Random Access Memory
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75. ROM Read Only Memory
76. VISCOM Visual Communication
77. SAARC South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation
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78. OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
79. UNESCO United Nations Economic Scientific and Cultural Organization
80. NEWS North East West South
81. HUDCO Housing and Urban Development
82. POTA Prevention Of Terrorist Activities Act
83. ESMA Essential Services Maintenance Act
84. SALT Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
85. UFO Unidentified Flying Object
86. ILO International Labour Organization
87. TAFE Tractor and Farming Equipment
88. RBI Reserve Bank Of India
89. SSC Staff Selection Commission
90. IOC Indian Oil Corporation
91. NGO Non-Government Organization
4. IELTS
a) International English Language Testing
Choose the expanded form of the following System
abbreviations : b) Indragandhi English Language Testing System
1. RSC c) Intercontinental English Language Test System
a) Reference Stopped contest d) Interested English Learnerst Test System
b) Refer Stopped contest 5. GST
c) Refined Selected contest a) Good and Service Taxation
d)Return Stoppage content b) Good and Services Taxable
2. USA c) Goods and Services Tax
a) Union States of America d) Google and Services Taxes
b) United States of America 6. TNPSC
c) Union States of America a) Tamil Nadu Public Service Commission
d) Unlimited States of America b) Tamil Nadu Publish Service Commission
3. AIBA c) Tamil Nadu Public Success Commission
a) Association of Inter states Boxes Amateur d) Tamil Nadu People Service Commission
b) Association International de Boxing Amateur
c) Administrative International Boxing Amateur
d) Admission to International Boxing Amateur
7. STD 16. IIM

a) Subscribe Trunk Dialing a) Indian Institute of Management
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b) Subscriber Trunk Dialing b) Indian Institute Manager
c) Subscription Truck Dialing c) Indian Inservice Management
d) Subordinate Truck Dialing d) Indian Interstate Mangement
8. ISD 17. MRI
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a) International Subscriber Dialing a) Magnet Resource Imaging
b) Inter Sate Successive Dialing b) Mantel Resource Imaging
c) Intersection Subscribe Dialing c) Magnetic Resource Imaging
d) Intermission Subsequent Dialing d) Magnetism Resource Imaging
9. MBA 18. ECG
a) Master of British Academy a) Electro Cardio Gram
b) Master of Bengal Accademy b) Electric Cardio Gram
c) Master of Business Administration c) Electrical Cardio Gram
d) Master of Business Administrator d) Electro Card Gram
10. MHRD 19. NCC
a) Ministry of Human Resource Developer a) National Cadet Corps
b) Ministry of Humour Resource Development b) Nation’s Candidate Corps
c) Ministry of Human Record Development c) National Cadet Corpse
d) Ministry of Human Resource Development d) National Candid Corps
11. GPS 20. LED
a) Global Placing System a) Light Emitting Diode
b) Global Pointing System b) Light Emission Display
c) Global Positioning System c) Light Emit Disorder
d) Global Pearing System d) Light Emission Diode
12. NSS 21. CPU
a) National Subscriber Scheme a) Central Public Unit
b) National Satellite Scheme b) Central Processing Unit
c) National Service Scheme c) Central Process Union
d) Nationals Service Scheme d) Central Procedure Unit
13. PTA 22. CBSE
a) Parental Technique Association a) Central Board of School Education
b) Parents Teachers Association b) Central Board of Secondary Education
c) Parents Teachers Association c) Central Board of Schooling Education
d) Parent Teaching Academy d) Central Board of School Education
14. NGO 23. GDP
a) Non Government Organization a) Gross Domestic Product
b) Non Government Orientation b) Grass Domain Premise
c) Non Governmental Orientation c) Gross Domain Produce
d) Non Government Organization d) Gross Domain Product
15. ICU 24. LCD
a) Intense Caring Unit a) Liquidity Crystal Display
b) Intensive Care Unit b) Liquid Cryst Display
c) Intensive Caring Unity c) Liquid Crystal Display
d) Intense Care Union d) Liquid Crystal Disorder
25. NRI 27. ITI

a) Non Residing Indian a) Industry Trainee Institute
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b) Non Recovery Indian b) Industrial Training Institute
c) Non Resistering Indian c) Industries Training Instituter
d) Non Resident Indian d) Industry Tariff Instruction
26. IIT 28. EMI
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a) Indian Institute of Technology a) Equated Monthly Instalment
b) Indian Institute of Technique b) Equal Month Investment
c) Indians Institute Teaching c) Equality Monthly Investment
d) India Institute of Tethering d) Equity Month Instalment
A phrasal verb is a verb followed by a preposition or an adverb.
xU tpidr;nrhy; (verb), cUgPilr; nrhy; (preposition) clNd my;yJ tpidchpr;nrhy; (Adverb)

clNdh ,izAk; NghJ nrhw;nwhlh; tpidr;nrhy; (phrasal verb) cUthfpwJ.
give – distribute nfhLg;gJ

give up – abandon tpl;Lf;nfhLg;gJ
A phrasal verb looks like a phrase. But it functions as a single word.
Phrasal verbs are combination of
(i) A verb + A preposition
xU tpidr;nrhy; + xU cUgPilr; nrhy;
look + after – look after – take care.
We must look after our aged parents.
(ii) A verb + An Adverb
xU tpidr;nrhy; + xU tpid chpr;nrhy;
look + around – look around – examine (possibilities) turn the head.
(iii) A verb + adverb + A preposition
xU tpidr;nrhy; + xU tpid chpr;nrhy; + xU cUgPilr; nrhy;
look + down + on – look down on –despise
Phrasal verbs have very distinct meaning which can’t be guessed from the literal meanings of the adverbs in them.
,t;tifahd tpidr;nrhw;fs; jdf;nfd jdp mh;j;jk; nfhz;litahf ,Uf;Fk;. thH;j;ijapy;

cs;s tpid chpr;nrhy;iy nfhz;L mh;j;jj;ij KbTf;F tuf;$lhJ.
Ex : give away – distribute
Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l phrasal verb jdpj;jdpahf ghHj;jhy; give nfhL away - J}uj;jpy; vd;W jtwhf
mh;j;jk; fzpf;ff;$lhJ. mjw;F toq;F vd;W nghUs;.
Ex : The chief guest gave away the prizes.
Sometimes the meaning of phrasal verb is different from the meaning of the verb and adverb or preposition.
rpy Neuq;fspy; thH;j;ijapy; cs;s tpidr;nrhy;> tpid chpr;nrhy; kw;Wk; cUgPilr; nrhy;
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,itfspy; ,Ue;J $l;L tpidr; nrhy;ypd; mHj;jk; Kw;wpYk; khWgl;bUf;Fk;.
Look at the photo.

Don’t come out. A snake is at the door.
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He gave up smoking.
gave up - quit / abandoned
You go through the lessons.
Go through – revise
Often a phrasal verb, having the same combination, has more than one meaning
$l;L tpidr;nrhy;ypd; mh;j;jk; thf;fpaj;jpw;F Vw;whw;Nghy; khWgLk;.
Ex : Come off – take place

Came off – succeeded, suffer
His wedding comes off tomorrow.
Out team came off victoriously.
He ran his car into a lorry and came off with severe injuries.
List of phrasal verbs with meanings :
No Phrasal verbs Meanings Tamil Meaning
1 Look at Consider vz;zpg;ghh;j;jy; / fUJjy;
2 Look over / look into Examine, investigate tprhuiz nra;
3 Look through Revise, study briefly jpUg;Gjy; (m) RUf;fkhf gbj;jy;
4 Put off Postpone, delay extinguish xj;jpg;NghL> js;sp it> jPia miz
5 Put on Wear mzpe;jpL
6 Put up with Tolerate rfpj;Jf;nfhs;
7 Put up at Stay / provide jq;Fjy;
8 Run away Elope / escape Xbg;Ngh> jg;gpj;Jf;nfhs;
9 Run into Encounter / face gpur;ridfis vjph;nfhs;
10 Run over Crushed eRf;FtJ
11 Stand by Support MjuT nfhL
12 Stand for Represent, symbolize cjhuzkhf jpfo;jy;
13 Stand up Valid nry;Ygbahfpw
14 Back out Withdraw gpd;thq;F> jpUk;gngW
15 Back up Support MjuT nfhL
16 Bear down Defeat Njhw;fb
17 Bear up Endures rfpj;Jf;nfhs;
18 Blow out Extinguish mizj;jy;
19 Blow up Explode ntbf;fr;nrhy;
20 Break down Stop working gOjiljy;
21 Break in/break into Entrr forcibly mDkjpapd;wp Eiojy;
22 Break off End KbTf;F nfhz;L tUjy;

23 Break out Escape from a place Xhplj;jpypUe;J jg;gpj;jy;
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24 Break through Penetrate CLUTjy;
25 Break up Shatter rpjWjy;
26 Bring about Make something / happen / eilKiw gLj;Jjy;
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implementation
27 Bring down Make somebody lose power rpyUf;F mjpfhuk; ,of;fr; nra;jy;
28 Bring forth Produce cUthf;F
29 Bring out Publish ntspapL
30 Bring up Rear tsh;
31 Call for Demand NfhUjy;
32 Call in Summon tutio
33 Call off Cancel uj;Jnra;
34 Call on Visit a person xUtiu nrd;W ghh;jj
; y;
35 Call out Summon tutio
36 Call up Recall epidT $h;jy;
37 Call upon Urge eph;ge;jpj;jy;
38 Carry off Win nty;tJ
39 Carry out Obey fPo;gbjy;> epiwNtWjy;
40 Come about Happen epfo;tJ
41 Come off Take place eilngWjy;
42 Come on Hurry Jhpjg;gLj;Jjy;
43 Come over Appear Njhd;Wjy;
44 Come round Recover Fzkiljy;
45 Come upon/come Meet by chance VNjr;irahf/jw;nrayhf elg;gJ
across
46 Cut short Reduce Fiwg;gJ
47 Cut off Chop Jz;bg;G
48 Cut up Slice Jz;Lfshf;Fjy;
49 Dealt with Manage rkhspj;jy;
50 Drop in Arrive tUif Ghpjy;
51 Drop out Discontinue tpl;L tpyFjy;
52 Fall for To be declared Vkhw;wg;gLjy;
53 Fall off Decrease Fiwj;jy;
54 Fall out Quarrel rz;ilapLjy;
55 Fall through collapse Njhy;tpAWjy;
56 Fall upon Attack jhf;F
57 Get away Escape jg;gpj;jy;
58 Get back Return jpUk;g tUjy;
59 Get on Continuous, harmonius terms, ,zf;fkhd el;ig njhlUjy;

60 Get over Recover Fzkiljy;
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61 Get round Persuade ,zq;fr;nrhy;
62 Give away Allow toq;F
63 Give in Yield tpl;Lf;nfhL
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64 Give out Come to an end KbTf;F tUjy;
65 Give up Abandon, quit tpl;Lf;nfhL
66 Give away Allow mDkjp
67 Go about Perform, do nray;gLj;J
68 Go after Chase, follow gpd; njhlUjy;
69 Go down To be remembered epidT $h;jy;
70 Go into Investigate tprhhp
71 Go on Continue njhlUjy;
72 Go through Examine Ma;T nra;
73 Hold back Withhold epWj;jpit
74 Hold on Stop, wait epWj;J> fhj;jpU
75 Hold out Give, offer toq;F> nfhL
76 Hold up Delay jhkjp
77 Keep back Withhold epWj;jp it
78 Keep down Control fl;Lg;gLj;J
79 Keep off Avoid jtph;
80 Keep up Maintain jf;fitj;Jf; nfhs;Sjy;
81 Lay by Reserve, keep for future vjph;fhyj;jpw;fhfr; Nrkpj;J it
82 Lay arm down Surrender ruzil
83 Lay life down Sacrifice jpahfk; nra;
84 Lay a rule down Pass a law rl;lj;ij cUthf;F
85 Look after Take carse of ftdpj;Jf;nfhs;
86 Look back Remember / recollect epidT $h;
87 Look for Search NjL
88 Look on Consider fUj;jpy; nfhs;
89 Look out Be watchful tpopg;Gld; ,U
90 Look to Depend on rhh;e;jpU
91 Look up Search for, refer NjLjy;
92 Make after Follow gpd;gw;W
93 Make away Steal jpULjy;
94 Make fast Secure gj;;jpug;gLj;J
95 Make for Set out Vw;ghL nra;jy;
96 Make off Run away Xbg;Nghjy;
97 Make out Understand Ghpe;Jnfhs;
98 Make up Compensate <L nra;

99 Pass away Die ,wj;jy;
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100 Pass for Consideration fUjg;gLfpwJ
101 Pass off End KbTf;F te;jJ
102 Pass out Faint kaf;fkiljy;
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103 Pass through Traverse FWf;fhf Ngh
104 Pick on Tease, insult Vsdk; nra;> ghpfhrk; nra;
105 Pick out Choose Njh;e;njL
106 Pick over Sort out gphpj;njL
107 Pick up Improve Nkk;gLj;jpf;nfhs;
108 Pull back Withdraw gpdthq;Fjy;
109 Pull on Tag ,oj;jy;
110 Pull through Get thrown FzkhFjy;
111 Pull up Catch gpbg;gJ
112 Put across Communicate your ideas to open gpwUf;F cq;fs; fUj;Jf;fis gfph;jy;
113 Put by Save Nrkpj;J it
114 Put down Repress mlf;Fjy;
115 Put form To grow tsUjy;
116 Put out (fire) Extinguish jPia miz
117 Put through Implement mkyhf;F> eilKiwgLj;J
118 Run across Meet accidentally vNjr;irahf re;jp
119 Run after Chase, follow gpd;njhlH
120 Run down Collide Nkhjp tpOjy;
121 Run on Keep going Ngha; nfhz;lhL
122 Run out Be exhausted jPh;j;J Nghjy;
123 See about Investigate tprhhp
124 See off Send off top mDg;Gjy;
125 See through Penetrate CLUT
126 See to Attend fhz;
127 Set about Start njhlq;F
128 Set against Oppose vjph;j;J epy;
129 Set a side Keep loof xJf;fp it
130 Set in Begin commence njhlq;F
131 Set out/set off Begin a journey gazj;ij njhlq;F
132 Set to Fishquard rz;ilapL
133 Set up Establish epWTjy;
134 Settle down Calm down mikjpahf ,Uj;jy;
135 Stand back Move back gpd;dhy; Ngh
136 Stand off Keep away xJq;fp Ngh
137 Stand out Continue to resist/oppose vjph;j;J epy;;

138 Step down Resign uh[pdhkh nra;
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139 Stir up To route fpsh;e;njO
140 Take after Resemble xj;jpUg;gJ
141 Take down Write vOJ
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142 Take in Decode Vkhw;W
143 Take off Start njhlq;F
144 Take on Assume fUJtJ
145 Take out Remove ePf;F
146 Take up Raise at cah;j;J
147 Throw away To get rid off as useless tPz; vdj; J}f;fp vwpjy;
148 Throw up Relinquish tpl;L tpyFjy;
149 Turn against Dislike ntWg;G
150 Turn away Refuse admission mDkjpg;gJ
151 Turn down Reject, ignore epuhfhp> kwe;JtpL
152 Turn on Handover xg;gil
153 Turn off Stop epWj;J
154 Turn on To make water flow Fohiaj; jpw
155 Turn up Appear, gain Njhd;wy;> epfuyhgk;
156 Turn upon retalife gjpyb nfhL
Phrasal verbs 7. Please, get in.

Substitute the phrasal verbs in the sentences with a a) go b) out
single word. c) arrive d) reach
1. I’ll turn the tap on. 8. He got on the bus.
a) close b) open a) enter b) exit
c) shut d) leaf c) went d) depart
2. CBS Records was taken over by sony. 9. They get off the bus
a) lead b) sold a) enter b) arrive
c) bought d) purchased c) leave d) lease
3. The villagers set off to the capital.
a) start b) over 10. We want to get away from home.
c) close d) end a) go away b) stay away
4. Don’t put off your good decisions. c) leaved d) gather
a) finish b) half 11. We have checked in at the hotel
c) continue d) postpone a) arrived and registerd b) vacated
5. I went to see off my friend yesterday. c) stayed d) departed
a) say good bye b) say good morning 12. We have checked out the hotel room by noon.
c) say good night d) say good evening a) paying and staying b) paid left
6. we had a two day stopover in Chennai. c) leaving d) departing
a) short stay b) long stay
c) no stay d) non-stop
phrasal verbs 5. My mother became unconscious on seeing the blood.

Replace the underlined word with a phrasal verb. a) pass on b) pass away
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1. The doctors removed his finger. c) pass out d) pass by
a) cut in b) cut up 6. Fire fighters stopped the car burning.
c) cut off d) cut with a) put off b) put on
2. He met his friend by chance. c) put out d) put up
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a) came upon b) came off 7. My friend helped me in my trouble.
c) came up d) came in a) stand off b) stand in
3. We rely on your help. c) stand with d) stood by
a) bank on b) bank up 8. The plane is may leave the run way.
c) bank in d) bank out a) take off b) take out
4. The cab arrived and stopped at the house. c) take in d) take on
a) drew on b) drew up 9. The people were not allowed to enter the hall.
c) drew off d) drew away a) turn off b) turn out
c) turn away d) turn up
What are compound words?

Compound words are formed by combining two or more words and that new word gives a different and new
meaning to the formed compound word.
Ex : School + bus = School bus
$l;Lr; nrhw;fs; vd;why; vd;d?

,uz;L my;yJ mjw;F Nkw;gl;l thHj;ijfis ,izf;fg;gl;L> cUthf;fg;gLk; xU Gjpa
thHj;ijf;F Compound word vd;W ngah;
School, bus Mfpa ,U jdpj;jdp thh;j;ijfis ,izf;fg;gl;L School bus vd;w Gjpa thh;j;ij
cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
There are three ways of writing a compound word.

3 tiffshy; ehk; $l;Lr;nrhw;fis cUthf;fyhk;.
A. Closed form
There is no space or hyphen between two words.
Ex : football, keyboard, notebook.
,izf;fg;gl;l ,U thh;j;ijfSf;fpilNa Space ,Uf;fhJ. Hyphen(-)Ak; ,Uf;fhJ.
B. Hyphenated form : (rpW eLf;fNfhL tif)

There is a hyphen between two words or more than two.
,izf;fg;gl;l ,U my;yJ mjw;F Nkw;gl;l thHj;ijfSf;fpilNa Hyphen mjhtJ rpW eLf;NfhL

(-) ,Uf;Fk;.
Ex : two-year-old six-pack day-to-day

Mother-in-law brother-in-law father-in-law
Sister-in-law
C. Open form :
There is a space between the words.
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,izf;fg;gl;l ,U thh;j;ijfSf;fpilNa (Space) ,ilntsp ,Uf;Fk;.
Eg : real estate, post office, public speaking
xU Compound word-I cUthf;f> Njitahd thh;j;ijfs; fPo;fz;l tiffspypUe;J ngwg;gLk;.
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(i) parts of Speech : Noun, verb, Adjective, Adverb, Preposition
(ii) Gerund : A verbal noun which ends in-ing
‘ing’ d; KbAk; verbal noun.
Ex : Noun + Noun = School boy Noun + Verb = Sun rise
Noun + Adj = Home less Noun + Preposition = Passer-by
Noun + Gerund = dreaming
(i) parts of Speech :
1. Noun – ngah;r;nrhy; Eg : Mother, sister, brother, cricket
2. Verb – tpidr;nrhy Eg : run, care, wait, use
3. Adjective – ngah; chpr;nrhy; - ngaiu tpsf;f cjTk; nrhy;
Eg : huge, white, old, good, bad
4. Adverb – tpid chpr;nrhy; - tpidia tpsf;f cjTk; nrhy;
Eg : after, well, loudly
5. Preposition – cUgPilr; nrhy; Eg : up, down, on, out, by
(ii) Gerund :
‘ing’ vd;W KbAk; tpidr; nrhy;
Eg : swimming, going, looking, working
Examples :
Bee hive, door knob, courtyard, eyelashes, gentlefolk, grandmother, half hour, home coming, mantel piece,
over-straining, sing song, spinning wheel, spotless, sunset, tollgate, water proof.
A. Noun + Noun :
School bus, school boy, school girl, class room, air ticket, bed room, bee hive, honey bee, handcuff, school
building, bed time, lady bug, book stall, news tand, sun-dial, water proof, white paper, river bank, hand bag, fire man,
rail road, post man, cork-screws, post office, post master, post box, border line, chessmen, postcard, time limit, truck-
load, water tank, dream world, bus-station, picture book, train truck.
B. Noun + Verb :
Snow drop, sun rise, sun set, hair cut, rain fall, air tight, bench mark, breast feed, headache, bus stop, day break,
earmark, finger-painting, finger print, hand wash, root cause, landline, snow fall, house sitting, ship read, moon walk,
tooth brush, way lay, paint brush.
C. Noun + Adjective :
Age old, dead slow, duty free, accident prone, bad tempered, careless, black gold, merciless, henpecked,
homeless, homesick, jet blag, life long, knee-deep, milk white, snow white, sky blue, world famous, silver white.
D. Noun + Gerund :
Mind reading, day dreaming, air conditioning, hand writing, air lifting, mind blowing, mind boggling, oil
drilling, roller station, time consuming, train spotting, soul sitting, breath taking, air lifting, cross-questioning, sight-
seeing, story telling, soul stirring, snow sking.
E. Noun + Preposition :
Countryside, passerby
F. Verb + Noun :
Handle bar, guide book, cry baby, bath room, break fast, cross fire, cross word, drive inn, fire place, pass word,
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pass port, pick pocket, pay day, show room, search light, show room, watch dog, taste buds, stop clock, rest room, rest
house, play ground, pop corn, search engine, spoil sport, walk man, stop-clock, cut throat.
G. Verb + Gerund :
Type setting, type writing, note making.
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H. Verb + Preposition :
Look up, look down, put in, put on, put out, put off, look into, give in, give up, give off, give out, give away,
lock up, show in, show off, slow down, run on, run out of, run down, run in.
I. Verb + Adverb :
Draw back, fall out, look out, take off, drop-out.
J. Adverb + Verb :
Intake, input, output, outset, back ground, back drop, back track, overcome, overnet, overcharge, over grow,
over spend, under change, over grow, over spend, under change, under estimate, up turn, under take, under go, under
rate, up keep, uptrain, upset.
K. Gerund + Noun :
Visiting card, writing pad, winning post, swimming pool, cooking gas, dining table, driving school, driving
license, fishing net, looking glass, reading room, washing machine, waiting list, waiting hall, walking stick, stepping
store, burning stove.
L. Adverb + Adjective :
Newly rich, blue back, terriby hot, carefully chosen, amazingly good, vitally important.
M. Adverb + Participle :
Overloaded, over worked, under privileged, well dressed, ill gotten, well behaved, well manner, ill mannered.
N. Preposition + Gerund :
Outgoing, incoming
O. Adjective + Noun :
Black board, blue cross, blue moon, blue sky, black box, blue berry, blue cross, full moon, gentle woman, deep
well, green house, green board, red cross, noble man, short change, software, hardware, black berry, short change, black
forest, blue print, highway, clever boy, white board.
P. Preposition + Noun :
Inbox, off spring, over work, after noon, back ground, over age, under weight, over bridge, after thought, by
lane, by path, down hill, down fall, fore thought, inside, out number, off spring, over time, over confidence, over bridge,
under production, outshine, outwit, inservice, over coat.
Q. Adjective + Verb :
Clear out, long awaited, short change, safeguard, long forgotten, time taken, white-wash, side walk, easy-going,
dry-cleaning, short change.
R. Preposition + Verb :
Undercharge, under estimate, upload, overload, byline, input, output, income, out come, out look, outshine,
overact, over do, overboard, over fed, over ride, under rate, understand, down load.
2. ‘knife’
a) sharp b) blunt
c) edge d) end
1. choose the suitable option to pair it with the word 3. ‘wind’
‘ice’ a) proof b) prove
a) full b) fill c) flow d) fall
c) fall d) fell
4. ‘sweeping’ 4. Choose the word from the options given to form a

a) bach b) bags compound word with ‘gentle’.
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c) book d) bat a) music b) folk
5. ‘half’ c) repost d) mark
a) day b) time 5. Choose the word from the options given to form a
c) way d) path compound word with ‘grand’
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a) channel b) building
6. ‘never’ c) mother d) kid
a) begin b) stant 6. Choose the word from the options given to form a
c) end d) ending compound word with ‘court’
7. ‘partly’ a) yard b) premise
a) fill b) empty c) veranda d) door
c) full d) seen 7. Choose the word from the options given to form a
8. ‘ice’ compound word with ‘sun’
a) ox b) axe a) set b) bright
c) bull d) cow c) gliter d) fine
9. ‘ice’ 8. Choose the word from the options given to form a
a) berg b) bulk compound word with ‘half’
c) broken d) melt a) loaf b) second
10. ‘ice’ c) hour d) day
a) cab b) cat 9. Choose the word from the options given to form a
c) cap d) can compound word with ‘home’
11. ‘ice’ a) arriving b) reaching
a) flow b) flow c) coming d) depaiting
c) flg d) fill 10. Choose the word from the options given to form a
compound word with ‘mantel’
12. ‘ice’ a) work b) lock
a) shit b) sheet c) piece d) peace
c) seat d) seal 11. Choose the word from the options given to form a
13. ‘ice’ compound word with ‘eye’
a) ring b) rink a) lashes b) strainins
c) rank d) rank c) exercise d) look
1. Choose the word from the options given to form a 12. Choose the word from the options given to form a
compound word with ‘sing’ compound word with ‘water’
a) man b) bird a) leakage b) proof
c) song d) long c) scarcity d) drain
compound word with ‘over’ compound word with ‘bee’
a) straining b) singing a) hones b) hive
c) dancing d) drilling c) busy d) lazy
compound word with ‘spot’ compound word with ‘toll’
a) erring b) less a) cat b) hate
c) loss d) man c) gate d) hat
15. Choose the word from the options given to form a a) wheel b) car
compound word with ‘door’ c) tyre d) guard
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a) knot b) side
c) open d) knob
16. Choose the word from the options given to form a
compound word with ‘spinning’
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‘pre’ is a latin word which means ‘before’. The position of the noun or before the enoun is called preposition. In
other words, a preposition can be defined as the relationship between two objects.
cUgPilr;nrhw;fs; vd;gJ ngaHr;nrhy;ypd; miktplj;ijf; Fwpg;gjhFk;. NtW tbtj;jpy; $w

Ntz;Lnkd;why; ,U ngaH nrhw;fSf;fpilNa cs;s cwitf; Fwpg;gpLtJ ‘preposition’ vdg;gLk;.
The cat is below the table.
,q;F vd;w cUgPilr;nrhy; (preposition) G+id (cat) kw;Wk; Nki[ (Table) Mfpa ,Ug;ngaH
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nrhw;fSf;fpilNa cs;s cwitf; Fwpf;fpwJ. NkYk; ,J G+idapd; miktplj;ijf; Fwpf;fpwJ.
vdNt below vd;gJ preposition MFk;.
There are three kinds of prepositions:

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1. Simple prepositions
2. Compound prepositions
3. Phrase prepositions
cUgPilr; nrhw;fs; %d;W tifg;gLk; mit:

1. Simple prepositions - in, an, from, to, with, unter, below, behind, between, among
2. Compound prepositions - along, about, around, beside.
3. Phrase prepositions - Inspite of, owing to, due to, beause of, on account of, according to, on the basis of.
List of Prepositions:
S. No. Prepositions Tamil Meaning Illustration
1. About gw;wp I know about the causes of world war.
2. In (place) cs;Ns The pencil is in the box.
3. In (Time ,y; I will visit Vatican city in May.
4. On (place) NkNy The at is on the wall.
5. On (Time) md;W I was born on 1 st Dec. 1972.
6. At (place) ,y; Our regional office is at Karur.
7. At (Time) xU Fwpg; gpl; l The movie will be shown at 6.20 a.m.
Neuj;jpy;
8. For Mf I’ve waited for my friend
9. By (Time) Neuj;jpw;Fs; / I’ll come ther by 11’o clock.
(Noun) kzpf;Fs;
(Place) My;
mUfpy;
10. From (place) ,Ue;J I’m from Kolkatta.
(Time) ypUe;J Our special class is from 7 a.m. to 8 a.m.
(Noun) xUthplkpUe;J I got a letter from Sudha.
11. Since (Time) ypUe;J I have been working here since 2002.
12. Above (place) gw;wp God is above us.
13. Across (place) FWf;Nf There is a bridge across the river.
14. After (Time) gpwF I will meet your after some time.
(place) gpd;dhy; The police run after the thief.
15. Along (place) Topahf Raga walked along the railway track.
Neuj;jpy; I stood along the room
16. Among (place) ,ilapy;> kj;jpapy; The members discussed among themselves.
17. Below fPNo Answer the questions below.
18. Between ,ilapy; (,Uth; The teacher stands between Ram and Shyam.
kl;Lk;)
19. Down (place) fPNo Get down from the ladder.
20. In front of (place) Kd;Gwk; Don’t park the vehicles infront of the gate.
21. Into (place) cs;Sf;Fs; He divred into the well.

22. Near (place) mUfpy; My house is near Meenakshi Amman Temple.
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23. Of cila> f;fhd This is a school of music.
24. Off epWj;J miz> He switched off the fan.
mg;ghy; Keep off the inflammable things.
25. Over NkNy Bird flies over the sky.
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26. Through Topahf I went to Chennai through Trichy.
27. Under fPNo The cat is under the table.
28. Up NkNy He went up the hill.
29. Upon kPJ The tree fell upon the can.
30. With cld; I went to zoo with my friend.
31. Beside gf;fj;jpy; I sat beside Prema in the class.
32. Besides $Ljyhf Besides a car, he bought a scooter.
13. Many ideas were discussed I _________

three weeks before the annul day theme was
1. I was studying ___________ the morning (TB) finalised. (TB)
a) at b) in c) on a) towards b) for c) Since
2. She was born ____________ the 5th of July 14. We will be visiting my grand parents _________
(TB) the summer vacation (TB)
a) at b) in c) on a) during b) in c) during (or) in
3. I will reach there ____________ 6’o clock (TB) 15. Discussion on a sports meet __________our
4. The cat is ____________ the wall (TB) school and other schools are going on for two
a) in b) on c) between days. (TB)
5. Jenny lives ____________ her work place. (TB) 16. The sailors divided the money ________
a) under b) over c) near themselves; and the ship sailed on. (TB)
6. Raj is __________ his room (TB) 17. The final match will be held __________
a) in b) on c) at India and Australia (TB)
7. I went ___________ the book store (TB) a) Between b) for c) among
a) into b) to c) towards 18. We’d discussed this point ourselves many times
8. The swimmer jumped __________ the pool. over the past months. (TB)
(TB) a) among b) after c) between
a) to b) into c) into 19. We have been living in chennai ________
9. The dog was coming _________ him (TB) eight years (TB)
a) into b) towards c) to a) since b) for c) among
10. I have been studying _________ 5 am., and 20. Abdul has taken _______ his father (TB)
a) after b) at c) for
I am at in even now. (TB)
a) since b) for c) in 21. Viral generally goes to his work value
11. The construction of this building has been going ________ bus. (TB)
a) on b) by c) at
on ________ January. (TB)
a) for b) since c) into 22. The cricket ball was hidden _______ the
12. Maya has worked in this institution as an leaves. (TB)
a) among b) between c) on
accountant _________23 years. (TB)
a) since b) During c) for 23. Mani divided his toys _______ his
brothers and sisters (TB)
a) between b) among c) since
Answer :
1. in 7. into 13. for 19. for
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2. on 8. into 14. during\in 20. after
3. at 9.towards 15. between 21. by
4. on 10. since 16. amoung 22. amoung
5. near 11. since 17. between 23.between
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6. in 12. for 18. amoung
‘Tense’ means ‘Time’. It denotes three times namely

1. Present Tense 2. Past Tense 3. Future Tense
%d;W tifahd fhyq;fs;:
1. epfo;fhyk; 2. ,we;j fhyk; 3. vjph;fhyk;
‘Tense’ denotes the time of action.
xU nray; vg;nghOjpy; eilngw;wJ / eilngWfpwJ / eilngWk; vd;gij Fwpf;f Tense gad;gLfpwJ.
If one gets through knowledge in Tense, he / she can get mastery over the language. Tense is the fundamental of all
grammatical Competencies.
Let us see the classification of Tenses.
(a) PRESENT TENSE: 3. In proverbs gonkhopfisf; Fwpf;f

Format: Ex : Haste make waste.
Sub + V, (Present form of the Verb) Face is the index of the mind.
Note : Add ‘s’ or ‘es’ to the verb if the subject is III 4. To indicate pre planned future action which are
person singular. certain.
Fwpg;G : vOtha; (Subject) %d;whk; eguhf (He / She Kd;djhf jpl;lkplg;gl;l vjph;fhyr;
/ If) ,Ue;jhy; tpidr;nrhy;Yld; ‘s’ my;yJ nray;fisf; Fwpf;f.
‘es’ Nrh;ff ; Ntz;Lk;. The Prime Minister visits New York next month.
Conjugation : We go to Ooty during vacation.
I, We play He/She/It –plays 5. To refer historical events in the past.
You play They Play Vw;fdNt eilngw;w tuyhw;W epfo;Tfis
Usage : Fwpf;f.
1. To refer day to day activities / regular habits / Here goes Laika into space.
habitual actions. 6. In commentaries – th;zidapy;
md;whl nray;fis Fwpf;f / gof;f Pandya bowls from the East end.
tof;fq;fis Fwpf;f. Clue words: daily, regularly, usually, every day, every
I get up at 5 a.m. daily. morning, every night, always, never, seldom, rarely,
He drinks coffee every morning. occasionally, scarcely, hardly.
2. mwptpay; cz;ikfisf; Fwpf;f to refer (b) PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE:
scientific truth Sub + is / am / are + V + ing
Ex : The sun rises in the east. Conjugation:
The sun sets in the west. I am playing. We, you, they – are playing
The earth revolves around the sun. He, She, It – is playing
Usage: xU nray; fle;j fhyj;jpy; Muk;gpj;J

1. To refer to an action which is going on continuously epfo;fhyj;jpy; eilngw;W vjph;fhyj;jpy;
njhlUkhdhy; mt;tif nray;fSf;F ,e;j
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to a certain period.
epfo;fhyj;jpy; xU nray; eilg;ngw;W Tense -I gad;gLj;jyhk;.
nfhz;bUj;jiy Fwpf;f. Ex: 1. He has been living in Coimbatore since 2000.
I am playing chess now. 2. Radhika has been working in this institution for
She is reading a novel at present.
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five years.
2. to express the future action with the word ‘going to’.
1. mtd; 2000Mk; Mz;L Kjy;
‘Going to’ vd;w thHj;ijAld; vjph;fhyj;ijf;
NfhaKj;J}hpy; trpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhd;.
Fwpf;f.
(,dpAk; mtd; mq;F trpg;ghd;.)
I am going to attend semester next week.
We are going to appear for the public exam next 2. uhjpfh ,f;fy;tp epWtdj;jpy; 5
year. tUlq;fshf gzp Ghpe;J tUfpwhs;. (,dpAk;
3. With ‘always’ to express anger or imitation. mts; gzpiaj; njhUths;.)
Nfhgk; kw;Wk; vhpr;riy Fwpf;f ‘always’ vd;w Note: ‘Since’ is followed by particular time.
thHj;ijAld; gad;gLk;. ‘For’ is followed by total time.
My neighbour is dog is always barking. Fwpg;G: ‘Since’ tUk;nghOJ Fwpg;gpl;l fhyKk;> For
(c) PRESENT PERFECT TENSE: tUk; nghOJ nkhj;j msitAk; Fwpg;gpl
Format: Ntz;Lk;.
Sub + have / has + V3 Clue words: Since, For
V3 – Past participle PAST TENSE :
Conjugation: (a) SIMPLE PAST TENSE
I, we, you, they – have played He, She, It – has Format:
played Sub + V2 V2 – Past Form of the Verb
Note: ‘Has’ for III person singular. (He / She / It) Conjugation:
Usage: I, we, you, he, she, it, they – wrote
1. To refer recently completed action. Usage:
rkPgj;jpy; ele;J Kbe;j nray;fisf; Fwpf;f. 1. To refer all the past events completed.
I have finished my homework just now. fle;j fhyj;jpy; ele;J Kbe;j nray;fis
Latha has returned home from Chennai this Fwpf;f.
morning. Ex: India got independence in 1947.
2. To refer to the earlier action whose results are known He became a doctor last year.
now. (b) PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE:
Vw;fdNt eilngw;w epfo;r;rpfspd; Format:
tpistpid Fwpf;f. Sub + was / were + V1 + ing
He has passed the entrance exam. Conjugation:
It has rained heavily last night. I, He, She, It – was writing We, you, they – were
(d) PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE: writing.
Format: xU nray; fle;j fhyj;ij njhlHe;J
Sub + have / has + been + V1 + ing eilngw;Wf; nfhz;bUe;jijf; Fwpj;jy;.
Conjugation: I was watching TV when somebody knocked the
We, I, you, they – have been playing door.
He, She, It has been playing Clue words: while, when
Usage: While I was bathing, somebody called me.
To refer an action which began in the past,
happening now and continues in future.
(c) PAST PERFECT TENSE: Conjugation:

Format: I, We – Shall read
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Sub + had + V3 You, He, She, It, They – Will read
Conjugation: Usage:
I, we, you, he, she, It, they – had played. 1. To refer uncertain future actions
When two actions occur one after another in the epr;rakw;w vjph;fhyr; nray;fis Fwpf;f.
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past, the first completed action should be in the past (b) FUTURE CONTINUOUS:
perfect tense and second completed action should be in Format:
simple past tense. Sub + Shall / Will + be + V1 + ing
fle;j fhyj;jpy; ,U nray;fs; xd;wd; gpd; Conjugation:
xd;whf eilngw;J Kjyhtjhf ele;J Kbe;j I, We – Shall be reading
nraYf;F Past Perfect Tense Ak; ,uz;lhtJ ele;J You, He, She, It, They – Will be reading
Kbe;j nraYf;F Simple Past Tense Ak; vOj Usage:
Ntz;Lk;. 1. To refer an action of Future while will be happening
When I reached the railway station, the train had continuously.
left already. xU nray; vjph;fhyj;jpy; njhlHe;J
NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l cjhuzj;jpy; ehd; Giftz;b eilngw;Wf; nfhz;bUf;Fkhdhy; mij Future
epiyaj;jpw;F nrd;wile;J ,uz;lhtJ nray;. continuous tense – y; vOj Ntz;Lk;.
vdNt reached simple past tense-y; cs;sJ. I will be travelling to Chennai by this time
Giftz;b fpsk;gp tpl;lJ vd;gJ Kjy; nray;. tomorrow.
vdNt mJ had left vd;w Past Perfect Tense-y; Karthigai Murugan will be writing his public exam
cs;sJ. by next March.
Clue words: When, before Clue words: by this time, next week / month / year.
(d) PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE: (c) FUTURE PERFECT TENSE:
Format: Format:
Sub + had been + V1 + ing Sub + will (shall + have + V3)
Conjugation: Conjugation:
I, we, you, he, she, It, they – had been writing. I, We – Shall have read
Usage: You, He, She, It, They – Will have read
When an action began in the past and occurred Usage:
continuously. To refer to an action which is expected to be
xU nrhy; fle;j fhyj;ijj; njhlHe;J completed by near future.
eilngw;W nfhz;bUe;J mwpahJ mJ Kbe;J xU nray; xU Fwpg;gpl;l (vjph;) fhyj;jpw;Fs;
tpl;lhy; Past Perfect Continuous Tense gad;gLj;j KbAk; vd;W vjph;ghHj;jjhy;.
Ntz;Lk;. I shall have completed this assignment by next
Ex: She had been learning Hindi for the past 2 years. Tuesday.
He had been watching TV for a long time (but not We will have reached Delhi by next week.
now) (d) FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE:
3. FUTURE TENSE: Format:
(a) SIMPLE FUTURE: Sub + will / shall + have been + V + ing
Format: Conjugation
Sub + Shall / Will + V1 I, We – shall have
I / We – Shall
BOOK BACK utter hand (visit)

Complete the sentences in present forms. (TB) 5. If you listen carefully, you ____________ my point.
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1. Saravanan always __________ (go) for a walk in the 6. By next year I __________ in Chennai for fifteen
morning. years (line)
2. We _________ (gather) here for a meeting and the 7. The new edition of this both __________ out shortly
chair person is yet to arrive. (come)
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3. Aruna _______ eagerly ________ (wait) to meet her 8. She hopes you _________ her (help)
friend since morning. Answers:
4. Sheeba _________ (move) to a new house next week. 1) will, go 2) will have done
5. Naseera __________ (attend) music classes regularly. 3) will ring 4) will visit
6. Ilakiya and Adhira __________ (enjoy) each other’s 5) will understand 6) will have lived
company very much. 7) will come 8) will help
7. Mani _________ (work) in this school for five years.
8. It _________ (pour) outside now.
Answers:
1) goes 2) have gathered
1. All children _____ something new every day.
3) has been waiting 4) moves / is moving a) learn b) learns c) learned
5) attends 6) enjoy / are enjoying
7) has been working 8) is pouring 2. A good student always ______ hard.
Complete the sentences in past forms. (TB) a) work b) works c) worked
1. I _________ (go) to her place on fort. 3. Engineers ______ bridges.
2. The children _________ (play) in the ground when a) build b) builds c) built
the teacher arrived. 4. My sister is an architect. She ______ skyscrapers.
3. They _________ (request) him when the manager a) design b) designs c) designed
arrived. 5. The Himalays ______India from the cold winds.
4. If you _________ (work) hard, you would have won a) protect b) protects c) protected
the relay match. 6. It always _____ here in the afternoon.
5. Joanna and joy ________ already ________ (leave) a) drizzle b) drizzles c) drizzied
for Ooty, when the others reached the station. 7. My mother ______ in a factory.
6. We all ________ (sing) in the choir last week. a) work b) works c) worked
7. Nancy ______ always _______ (ask) for help. 8. Stella ______ English very well but she doesn’t
8. The office goers ________ (wait) for the train. understand Hindi.
Answers: a) speak b) speaks c) spoke
1) went 2) were playing 9. Cows _______ us milk.
3) were requesting 4) had worked a) give b) gives c) gave
5) had left 6) sang 10. The trains to Chennai always ______ on time.
7) was asking 8) were waiting a) run b) runs c) ran
Fill in the blanks using the verbs in the brackets in 11. Who is that boy _____ on the chair?
the future form: (TB) a) stand b) stands c) standing
1. We ___________ not ___________ to take market, 12. What are you ______ (do) I ______ (listen) to
in case it rains (go) music.
2. Keerthi __________ her work by next weak (do) a) did, listened b) does, listen
3. The peon _________ the ball by the time I reach the c) doing, am listening
school (ring). 13. My brother ______ (work) in London now.
4. I _________ my sister’s house next spoil if I go to a) work b) is working c) works
14. I _______ (wait) for my mother. 28. She ______ to anybody.

a) am waiting b) wait c) was waiting a) never apologized
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15. It is better not to disturb her, she _______ b) has never apologized
(works) c) have never apologized
a) work b) works c) is working 29. My mother ______ to London.
16. You _______ (listen) to the music. a) has been b) being in c) have been
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a) listen b) are listening c) will listen 30. I _____ all the plays of spakespeare.
17. He _____ (Cry) a) read b) had read c) have read
a) cries b) cry c) is crying 31. Have you ____ your Lunch?
18. I _______ (swim) in the pool. a) finish b) finished c) had finished
a) swim b) swims c) am swimming 32. ______ he brought his bike.
19. Latha ______ (wait) for her daughter. a) had b) has c) have
a) waits b) wait c) is waiting 33. How long ______?
20. _______ she _______ (watch) TV. a)are you waiting b) have you been waiting
Ans : is, watiching c) have you waited
21. Who _____ he ______ (help) 34. She _____ in the garden since morning.
Ans : is, helping a) is working b) has been working
22. Her father _________ (not / cook) dinner. c) work
Ans : is not cooking 35. I _______ this mobile for three years.
23. Akila ______ (not / sing) a song. a) am using b) has used
Ans : is not singing c) have been using
24. My brother _______ (not / do) his homework. 36. The children ______ in the park.
Ans : is not doing a) has been playing b) have been playing
25. ______ your mother _____ (work) today. c) had been playing
Ans : is, working 37. The workers _____ higher wages for a long time.
26. Amutha and praba ______ (play) tennis. a) has been demanding
Ans : are playing b) have been demanding c) demand
27. Amitha and Ravi ______ (not / swim) in the lake. 38. The children _____ (write) for the bus.
Ans : are not swimming Ans :were waiting
Type of Linker Examples Board meaning Examples

cause and effect because, so, accordingly, thus, introduces a reason and we had to wait because,
consequently, hence, therefore, as show result It was raining
comparison similarly, likewise, whereas, but, on identifies similarities life is difficult in extreme
the other hand, except by comparison between two ideas polls; similarly, it is
when compared to, equally, in the horrible near the
same way Equatorial regions.
contrast but, however, yet, still, even though, identifies differences raj did not perform well
nevertheless, on the hand, otherwise, between two ideas in the exam;
after all, for all of theat, on the nevertheless, he got a
contrary, notwithstanding, in contrast, distinction In english
unlike, whereas, instead of,

alternatively, although
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time at once, immediately, meanwhile, at indicates time and the bell rang and the
length, in the meantime, at the same frequency of events students left
time, in the end, when, then as, before immediately
that, after that
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addition and, also, even, again, moreover, adds ideas in support of it is very hot today;
further, furthermore, similarly, in the main idea moreover, there is a
addition, as well as power outage.
example for eample, such as, for instance, in introduces illustrations there is a students'
this case, in another case, on this in support of the main procession today;
occasion, in this situation, in this idea therefore, they diverted
manner, to illustrate the traffic.
sequence first, second, third, next, then, shows the importance of there is a students'
following, now, at this point, after, the ideas by listing procession today;
after this, subsequently, eventually, according to the priority therefore, they diverted
finally, previously the traffic.
summary in brief, on the whole, in sum, to sum draws conclusion by it is a love story, the
up, thus summarizing the ideas actors performed well,
the direction is excellent,
the settings are beautiful;
in brief, it is a good film.
5. She went to school _________ her mother told

her to.
Choose the most appropriate linker from the given a) because b) though
four alternatives. c) even if d) while
1. _________ he is ninety years old, he is in the pink of 6. I am going to the palace even _________ I have been
health. there before.
a) When b) Since a) despite b) never the less
c) Even though d) yet c) though d) however
2. She did well in the test, _________ Tom didn’t. 7. Debbie hid her diary _________nobody could read it.
a) despite b) when a) sothat b) where as
c) inspite of d) where as c) because d) while
3. She came to work _________ her cold. 8. _________ Johnny eats fish, his brother won’t touch
a) where as b) inspite of it.
c) how ever d) although a) When b. Inspite of
4. We arrived safely, _________ the train was two hour c) Although d) However
slate. 9. I can’t stand pop music _________ my sister loves it.
a) despite b) while a) because b) however
c) because d) although c) where as d) never the less
10. _________ I have lost a few pounds I am still over
weight.
a) Despite b) Although
c)Where as d) When
PART II
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SECTION I
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ANSWER ANY TWO OF THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN ABOUT 30 WORDS EACH
 nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s 4 tpdhf;fspypUe;J VNjDk; 3 tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;fTk;
 ,it Prose gFjpapypUe;J tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLk;.
SECTION II
Read the following set of poetic line and answer any four sets.
 nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s 4 tpdhf;fspypUe;J VNjDk; 3 tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;fTk;
 ,it Poem gFjpapypUe;J tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLk;.
SECTION III
Voice is that form of the verb which shows the relation of the subject of the verb to the action expressed by it. It
shows whether the subject of the verb acts or is acted upon, ie whether the doer of an action is the subject or object in a
sentence. For example,
Ajit ate a mango. (Subject)
A mango was eaten by Ajit. (Object)
Kind of Voice
A transitive verb has two voices: active and passive. In active voice the subject names the actor that is, the subject
is the performer of the action expressed by the verb. In other words, we can say that the person or thing denoted by the
subject does something that is, it is the doer of the action. For example,
Rajesh kills a tiger.
(Here the person denoted by the subject, namely Rajesh, does something to a tiger.)
In passive voice the subject names the object or receiver of the action. In other words, it means that something is
done to the person or thing denoted by subject. For example,
A tiger is killed by Rajesh.
(Here the thing denoted by the subject, namely a tiger, suffers something from Rajesh.)
The active voice is used when the doer of the action (that is, agent) is to be made prominent. The passive voice is
used when the person or thing acted upon is to be made prominent. The passive voice is generally used when the doer of
the action is not known, is not important, or is not to be mentioned.
To change sentences from active to passive voice, the following points must be taken note of :
i) The object of the active sentence becomes the iv) The past participle of the main verb is preceded by
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subject of the passive sentence. the appropriate form of the verb ‘to be’ (am, is, are,
was, were, be, been, being), keeping in mind the
number of the subject and tense of the verb.
ii) The subject of the active sentence becomes the v) ‘By’ precedes the agent of the passive voice, if it is
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object of the passive sentence. necessary.
iii) The past participle of the main verb is used.
Since the active object has to become the passive subject in the passive voice, intransitive verbs are always in the
active voice. It is only transitive verbs that can be put into the passive voice.
It is to be noted that it does not change the basic meaning of a sentence, so it is a kind of transformation that alters
the grammatical functions of the constituents.
Tense and mood too are the indicators of verbforms but they do not change the functions of subject and object nor
do they affect word order in a sentence, therefore voice is different from tense and mood.
Note: We can, use another word in place of ‘by’specially when the verbs express ‘states’ rather than ‘actions’ done
by the agent. For example,
Active Passive
The result surprised me. I was surprised at the result.
The news shocked me. I was shocked at the news.
His manners pleased me. I was pleased with his manners.
Subject Verb Object

Vineet kills snakes
Active Subject Active verb Active object
Passive Subject Passive verb Optional Agent

Snakes are killed by Vineet
Active and Passive Structures

Look at the sentences given below:
(1) They built this house in 1980. (active)
This house was built in 1980. (passive)
(2) Indians speak Hindi. (active)
Hindi is spoken by Indians. (passive)
(3) A friend of hoursis repairing the roof. (active)
The roof is being repaired by a friend of hours. (passive)
(4) This book will change your life. (active)
Your life will be changed by this book. (passive)
When A does something to B, there are often two ways to talk about it. If we want A (the doer) to be the subject, we
use an active verb: built, speak, is repairing, will change. If we want B (the receiver of the action) tobe the subject, we
use: was built, is spoken, is beingrepaired, will be changed.
OBJECT
Active : They built this house in 1980.
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Passive : This house was built in 1980.
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SUBJECT
The object of an active verb corresponds to the subject of a passive verb.
In most cases, the subject of an active verb is not expressed in the corresponding passive sentence. If it does have to
be expressed, this usually happens in an expression with ‘by’; the noun is called the ‘agent. For example,
This house was built in 1980 by my Father.
In a passive clause, we usually use ‘by’ to introduce the agent – the person or thing that does the action, or that
causes what happens. (Note, however, that agents are mentioned in only about 20 per cent of passive clauses.) For
example,
All the trouble was caused by your mother.
These carpets are made by children who work twelve hours a day.
The passive of an active tense is formed by putting the verb ‘to be’ into the same tense as the active verb and adding
the past participle (V3)of the active verb. You would do well to look at the table of active tenses and their passive
equivalents.
Tense / Verb form Active Voice Passive Voice

Present simple keep / keeps am / is / are kept
Present continuous am / is / are / keeping am / is / are being kept
Present perfect have kept been kept
Past simple kept was / were kept
Past perfect had kept had been kept
Past continuous was / were keeping was / were being kept
Future simple will keep will be kept
Future perfect will have kept will have been kept
Modal verb may keep may be kept
These carpets are made by children who work twelve hours a day.
The passive of an active tense is formed by putting the verb ‘to be’ into the same tense as the active verb and adding
the past participle (V3)of the active verb. You would do well to look at the table of active tenses and their passive
equivalents.
Note: Future Continuous (progressive) passives (willbe being + past participle) and perfect progressive
passives (has been being + past participle) are unusual.
Confusing Forms
Students often confuse active and passive verb forms in English. Typical mistakes are given below:
I was very interesting in the lesson. (Incorrect) I was very interested in the lesson. (Correct)
2. We were questioning by the immigration officer. (Incorrect)
We were questioned by the immigration officer. (Ccorrect)
She has put in prison for life. (Incorrect) She has been put in prison for life. (Correct)
Mistakes like these are not surprising, because
(a) ‘Be’ is used to make both passive verb forms and active progressive tenses.
(b) Past participles are used to make both passive verb forms and active perfect tenses. Now compare the following:
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He was calling. (Active – past progressive)
He was called. (Passive – past simple)
He has called. (Active – present perfect)
We have different rules for conversion of the verb of active sentences into passive form. Here they are:
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Rule 1 Rule 4
Present Indefinite Tense Past Indefinite Tense
Subject+am/is/are+V3+by/Preposition+Object Subject+was/were+V3+Object
For example, For example,
Active Passive Active Passive
I sip tea. Tea is sipped by me. He wrote an essay. An essay was written by
him.
I help the poor. The poor are helped by me. He wrote several Several novels were
He helps me. I am helped by him. novels. written by him.
Rule 5
Rule 2 Past Continuous Tense
Subject+was/were+being+V3+by+Object
Present Continuous Tense For example,
Subject+am/is/are+being+V3+by+Object Active Passive
For examples, He was writing an An application was
Active Passive application being written by him.
I am eating a mango. A mango is being eaten They were singing folk Folk songs were being
by me. songs. sung by them.
He is singing a song. A song is being sung by
him. Rule 6
He is teaching me. I am being taught by him. Past Perfect Tense
He is abusing them. They are being abused by Subject+had been+V3+by+Object
him. For example,
le 3 Active Passive
I had purchased a A scooter had been
scooter. purchased by me.
Rule 3
They had invited me. I had been invited by
Present Perfect Tense them.
Subject+has/have+been+V3+by+Object
For example, Rule 7
Active Passive Future Indefinite Tense
He has done this work. This work has been Subject+shall/will+be+V3+by+Object
done by him. For example,
She has helped them. They have been helped Active Passive
by her. I shall help Ravi. Ravi will be helped by
me.
He will feed me. I shall be fed by him.
Rule 8
Rule 9
Future Perfect Tense
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Verb ‘to have’
Subject+shall/will+have een+V3+by+Object
For example, Subject+has/have/had+to be+V3+by+Object
For example,
Active Passive
Active Passive
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He can teach you. You can be taught (by
You have to teach him. He has to be taught by
him)
you.
She may win the The match may be won (by
He has to feed the The beggars have to be
match. her).
beggars. fed by him.
He could fry fish. Fish could be fried (by
him). She had to help me. I had to be helped by
her.
I must help her. She must be helped (by
me)
Rule 10
I should please her. She should be pleased (by
me). Sentences having may/can/could/should/must/
I shall have helped He will have been helped Subject+may/can/could+be+V3+by+Objectetc+
him. by me. Verb
He will have taught I shall have been taught by Active Passive
me. him. I shall help Ravi. Ravi will be helped by me.
He will feed me. I shall be fed by him.
5. I have been asked to pay the fine by them.

6. The Police were taking the militants to the prison.
Active voice and Passive voice 7. I am vexed by his behavior.
Change the following sentences to the Other voice: 8. The problem will be solved by Rosy.
1. The Manager appointed many office assistants. (TB)
2. You are making a cake now. (TB) 9. The enemy has been defeated by our army.
3. That portrait was painted by my grandmother. (TB) 10. All the questions were answered by the salesman
4. Malini had bought a colourful hat for her daughter. patiently
(TB) Change the following into Passive Voice.
5. They have asked me to pay the fine. (TB) 1. Please call me at once. (TB)
6. The militants were being taken to prison by the 2. How did you cross the river? (TB)
police(. TB) 3. No one is borrowing the novels from the library.
7. His behavior rexes me. (TB) (TB)
8. Rosy will solve the problem. (TB) 4. Will you help me? (TB)
9. Our army has defeated the enemy. (TB) 5. Go for a joy early in the morning. (TB)
10. The salesman answered all the questions patiently. 6. Why have you left your brother at home? (TB)
(TB) 7. Nobody should violate the rules. (TB)
Answers: 8. Someone has to initiate it immediately. (TB)
1. Many office assistants were appointed by the 9. Have you invited Raman to the party? (TB)
manager. 10. Please do not walk on the grass. (TB)
2. A cake is being made by you now. 11. Cross the busy roads carefully. (TB)
3. My grandmother painted that portrait. 12. When will you book the tickets to Bengaluru? (TB)
4. A colourful hat had been bought by Malini for her Answers:
daughter. 1. You are requested to call him/me at once.
2. How was the river crossed by you? 7. The rules should not be violated.
3. Novels are not being borrowed from the library by 8. It has to be initiated immediately.
9. Has Raman been invited to the party by you?
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anyone
10. You are advised not to walk on the grass.
4. Will I be helped by you? 11. You are advised to cross the roads carefully.
5. You are advised to go for a joy early in the morning 12. When will the tickets be booked to Bengaluru?
6. Why has your brother been left at home by you?
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1. Direct Speech – Neh;$w;W
2. Indirect Speech – maw;$w;W
1. Direct Speech : It is the actual words of the speaker.
NgRgth; $wpa thHj;ijfis mg;gbNa khw;whky; $WtJ Neh;$w;W MFk;.

Ex : The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east”.
2. Indirect Speech : It is just like a report of what the speaker said.
NgRgth; $wpa thHj;ijfis ehk; $WtJ Nghy; $wpdhy; mJ maw;$w;W MFk;
The teacher said that the sun rises in the east.

Note : No inverted commas for Indirect speech.
Fwpg;G : maw;$w;W thf;fpaj;jpy; ‘ ” tuhJ.
Change of Pronouns
Rule 1 :
The first person pronouns in the statements, questions, commands and exclamations refer to the first (pro) noun
before the introductory verb (say, tell etc.) In short, the first person pronouns refer to the first (pro) noun.
Rule 2 :
The second person pronouns in the statements, questions, etc. refer to the (pro) noun after the introductory verb.
In short, second person pronouns refer to the second (pro) noun.
Rule 3 :
Sometimes the first person plural pronouns may refer to both the pronouns before and after the introductory verb
(eg. Peter said to Jane, "We are happy")
In Tamil the use of direct speech is more common. So the learner should avoid indirect speech in conversation.
vd;W / vd = that; nrhy; / $W = say / tell; Nfs; / tpdT = ask
THE FOUR KINDS OF SENTENCES:

1. declarative sentences. (rhjhuz thf;fpak;) 3. exclamatory sentences.(tpag;G thf;fpak;)
2. interrogative sentences. (tpdh thf;fpak;) 4. imperative sentences. (fl;lis thf;fpak;)
SIX RULES FOR CHANGING DIRECT SPEECH EXAM :

INTO INDIRECT SPPECH: He said,“ I am very happy now“.
1. COMMAS AND QUOTATION MUST BE He said I am very happy now.
CHANGED FwpaPLfis ePfF; tJ
2. REPORTING VERB MUST BE CHANGED EXAM :

Neu;$w;W tpidnrhw;fis khw;WtJ He said,“ I am very happy now“.
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EXAM : He told he was very happy now.
He said,“ I am very happy now“. 5. SUITABLE COUNJUNCTIONS jFe;j ,izg;G
He told I am very happy now. nrhw;fis gad;gLj;JtJ
3. CHANGE IN PRONOUN gpujpngau; nrhw;fis EXAM :
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khw;WtJ. He said,“ I am very happy now“.
EXAM : He told that he was very happy now.
He said,“ I am very happy now“. 6. CHANGE IN TIME ADVERBIALS fhy tpid
He told he am very happy now. chpkhw;wq;fs;.
4. CHANGES OF A TENSE FORMS He said,“ I am very happy now“.
tpidnrhy;ypd; fhykhw;wk; He told that he was very happy then.
SUBJECT CHANGES WHEN DIRECT SPEECH IS CHANGED INTO INDIRECT SPEECH :

I – HE , SHE WE – THEY
ME – HIM , HER US – THEM
MY – HIS , HER OUR – THEIR
MINE – HIS(1) , HERS OURS – THEIRS
MYSELE – HIMSELF, HERSELF OURSELVES – THEMSELVES
LISTEN:
I - ehd; HIMSELF - mtidNa> ,tidNa> mtNd>
,tNd
HE - mtd; HERSELF - mtisNa> ,tisNa> mtNs>
,tNs
SHE - mts; WE - ehk;
ME - vdf;F> vd;id THEY - mth;fs;> mitfs;> ,th;fs;>
,itfs;
HIM - mtDf;F> mtid> US - vq;fSf;F> vq;fis> ekf;F> ek;ik
,tDf;F> ,tid
HER - mtSf;F mtis> THEM - mtu;fSf;F> mitfSf;F>
,tSf;F> ,tis ,th;fSf;F> ,itfSf;F
MY - vd;Dila OUR - vq;fSila> ek;Kila
HIS - mtDila> ,tDila THEIR - mth;fSila> mitfSila>
,tu;fSila> ,itfSila
HER - mtSila> ,tSila OURS - vq;fSilaJ> ek;KilaJ
MINE - vd;DilaJ THEIRS - mth;fSilaJ> mitfSilaJ>
,th;fSilaJ> ,itfSilaJ
HIS(1) - mtDilaJ> ,tDilaJ OURSELVES vq;fisNa> ek;ikNa> ehq;fNs
HERS - mtSilaJ> ,tSilaJ THEMSELVES mtu;fisNa> mitfisNa>
,th;fisNa> ,itfisNa>
mth;fNs> mitfNs> ,th;fNs>
,itfNs
MYSELF - vd;idNa> ehNd
SOMEWORDS ARE CHANGED WHEN DIRECT SPEECH IS CHANGED INTO INDIRECT SPEECH:
THIS – THAT ,J> ,e;j - mJ> me;j
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THESE – THOSE ,itfs; - mitfs;
HERE – THERE ,q;Nf - mq;Nf
NOW – THEN ,g;nghOJ - mg;nghOJ
THUS – SO ,g;gbahf - mg;gbahf
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AGO – BEFORE Kd;G - Kd;ghf
HENCE – THENCE ,jpypUe;J - mjpypUe;J
TODAY – THATDAY ,d;W - md;W
TONIGHT –THATNIGHT ,d;wpuT - md;wpuT
HEREAFTER –THEREAFTER ,jd;gpwF - mjd;gpwF
TOMORROW – THE NEXT DAY / THE FOLLOWING DAY ehis - mLj;jehs;
YESTERDAY – THE DAY BEFORE /THE PREVIOUS DAY New;W - Ke;ijaehs;
LAST NIGHT – THE NIGHT BEFORE /THE PREVIOUS NIGHT fle;j ,uT - Ke;ija ,uT
LAST WEEK – THE WEEK BEFORE /THE PREVIOUS WEEK fle;j thuk; - Ke;ija thuk;
NEXT WEEK – THE WEEK AFTER / THE FOLLOWING WEEK mLj;j thuk; - mLj;j thuk;
NEXT MONTH – THE MONTH AFTER /THE FOLLOWING mLj;j khjk; - mLj;j khjk;
MONTH
NEXT YEAR – THE YEAR AFTER /THE FOLLOWING YEAR mLj;j tUlk; - mLj;j tUlk;
DAY AFTER TOMORROW – DAY AFTER NEXT DAY ehisa kWehs; - mLj;j ehSf;F
gpe;ija ehs;
DAY BEFORE YESTERDAY – DAY BEFORE THE PREVIOUS New;W Kd;jpdk; - Ke;ija ehSf;F
DAY Ke;ija ehs;
9. He said, “Consult the doctor”

Ans : He advised me to consult the doctor.
Rewrite the in indirect speech 10. He said, “I won’t go to the party”.
1. My father said, “You are a good boy now” Ans : He said that he wouldn’t go to the party.
Ans : My father said that I was a good boy then. 11. She said, “When did you come?”
2. She said, “I have won the first prize”. Ans : She asked me when I had come.
Ans : She said that she had won the first prize. 12. She said, “Don’t touch the wire.”
3. Kowsalya said, “We watched a film yesterday”. Ans : She warned me not to touch the wire.
Ans : Kowsalya said that they watched a film the 13. He said, “I’ll pass the exam”.
previous day. Ans : He said that he would pass the exam.
4. Karthi Said to Ram, “Please, switch on the fan”. 14. He said, “Learn good habits”.
Ans : Karthi requested Ram to Switch on the fan. Ans : He advised me to learn good habits.
5. She said to me, “Where did you go?” 15. Banu said, “Do not spoil the eco – system”.
Ans : She asked me where I had gone. Ans : Banu advised not to spoil the eco System.
6. Praveen asked, “Have you watered the plants” 16. Pranav said, “Have you booked the tickets to Delhi?
Ans : Praveen asked me if I had watered the plants. Ans : Pranav asked if I had booked the tickets to Delhi.
7. He said, “I have to go”. 17. Rekha said to Tilak, “When are we leaving to our
Ans : He said that he had to go. native?”
8. She said to me, “Can you hear me?” Ans : Rekha asked Tilah when they would be leaning to
Ans : She asked me if I could hear her. their native.
18. Sujith said, “Ryan, yen should get up early in the Ans : Sudar said that the next day he had to take a test
morning (TB) in English.
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Ans : Sujith told Ryan that he should get up early is the 21. Pragathi said to her sister, “I need your help to
morning. arrange the books in the shelf”
19. Vivaan said to his mother, “Can you, please, buy me Ans : Pragathi told her sister that she needed her help to
a hot – chocolate? arrange the books in shelf.
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Ans : Vivaan asked his mother if she could buy him a 22. Why don’t you use crayons for colouring?” said
hot – chocolate. Dhilip to his son.
20. Tomorrow I have to take a test in English”, said Ans : Dhilip asked his son why he didn’t use crayons
Sudar. for colouring.
REPORT THE DIALOGUES

1. Adhira : Hi Yazhini! How are you?
Yazhini : I am fine. Congrats. I heard that you have scored very good marks in the SSLC
examination. What is the group that you have chosen?
Ans:
Adhira greeted Yazhini and asked how she was. Yazhini replied that she was fine and congratulated her by adding
that she had heard that she had scored very good marks in the SSLC examination. Yazhini asked Adhira what the group
she had chosen was.
2. Adhira : Thank you. I have chosen the arts group.
Yazhini : Good. Tell me about your future plan.
Ans:
Adhira thanked Yazhini and told her that she had chosen the arts group. Yazhini appreciated it and asked her to tell
her about her future plan.
3. Adhira : I have already made up my mind to pursue law.
Yazhini : Is there any specific reason?
Ans:
Adhira told Yazhini that she had already made up her mind to pursue law. Yazhini asked her if there was any
specific reason.
4. Adhira : Yes. I would like to start my own law firm and defend the innocent.
Yazhini : Do you know it calls for a lot of tolerance and hard work?
Ans:
Adhira replied positively and said that she would like to start her own law firm and defend the innocent. Yazhini
asked her if she knew it called for a lot of tolerance and hard work.
5. Adhira : Yes I know that it is not going to be easy but I like challenge.
Yazhini : Go a head! Study well! You will succeed.
Adhira : Thank you so much.
Ans:
Adhira accepted and added that she knew that it was not going to be easy but she liked challenges. Yazhini cheered
her up to go ahead and study well and said that she would succeed. Adhira thanked her.
6. Prabhu : What are you doing here, Kiran? I haven’t seen you for a few months.
Kiran : I have just come back from my native town Virudhunagar.
Ans:
Prabhu asked Kiran what he was doing there and added that he hadn’t seen him for a few months. Kiran replied that
he had just come back from his native town Virudhunagar.
7. Prabhu : Did you enjoy your vacation?

Kiran : Yes. I love the place. It is clean and busy town.
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Ans:
Prabhu asked Kiran whether he had enjoyed his vacation. Kiran replied positively and said that he loved the place
and it was a clean and busy town.
8. Prabhu : Where did you go and what did you see?
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Kiran : I went to Courtallam falls in Tenkaski.
Ans:
Prabhu asked Kiran where he had gone and what he had seen. Kiran said that he had gone to courtallam falls in
Tenkasi.
9. Prabhu : Share some pictures of your trip.
Kiran : Sure. See you later.
Ans:
Prabhu asked Kiran to share some pictures of his trip. Kiran promised so and departed.
10. Taj : Where are you going note?
Harsha : I am going to the library. Are you comedy with me?
Ans:
Taj asked Harsha where he was going then. Harsha replied that he/she was going to the library and asked him if he
was coming with him/her.
Punctuation means the right use of the stops and  Semicolon ( ; )

pauses in writing ‘Punctuation’.  Exclamatory mark ( ! )
Punctuation vd;gJ Njitahd ,lj;jpy;  Question Mark ( ? )
epWj;JtJk; ,ilntsp tpLtJNk MFk;.  Quotation Marks (“ ”)
The main punctuation marks are:  Dash ( - )
 Full stop ( . )  Capital letter
 Comma ( , )  Apostrophe ( ‘ )
 Colon ( : )  Hyphen ( - )
Usage of punctuation Marks
Full stop ( . ) a. at the end of sentence.
xU thf;fpaj;jpd; Kbtpy; gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.
b. to make abbreviations and Initials.
abbreviations and Initials cUthf;fj;jpw;F gad;gLk;
Eg: Birds are flying.
Comma ( , ) To separate words / after a phrase / clause / each item in a list.
thHj;ijfs; gphpg;gjw;fhf gad;gLk;
Eg: Being ill, he is unhappy Phrase.
When I saw the snake, I ran away.
Clause
Colon ( : ) To introduce words / after a phrase / clause / each item in a list.
xU list-ia nrhy;Ytjw;F Kd;dh; gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.
Eg: There are four directions.

1. South 2. North 3. East 4. West
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Semicolon ( ; ) To separate a services of loosely related clauses.
thf;fpaq;fis gphpg;gjw;fhf gad;gLk;
Eg: The chair is made of plastic; it is nice.
Exclamatory mark ( ! ) After an interjection / Exclamatory sentence:
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Exclamatory Mark
Mr;rhpa thf;fpaq;fSf;F gpd;dhy; gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.
Eg: Oh dear!
Alas! He’s dead!
Hurrah! We have won the match
Question Mark ( ? ) In Question tags at the end of question sentence.
Nfs;tp thf;fpaq;fSf;F gpd;dh; gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.
Eg: What are you doing?
Who are you?
Quotation Mark ( “ ” ) To denote direct speech
Neh;kiw thf;fpaq;fspy; gad;gLk; To denote the speaker’s own words.
xUtUila nrhe;j thf;fpaq;fis Fwpg;gpl cjTk;.
Eg: 1) Karthick says, “Do what I say”.
2) The Bible says, “Love the neighbour”.
Dash ( -- ) After a part of sentene to explain it.
gpd;dhy; VjhtJ tpsf;Ftjw;F ,Ue;jhy; cjTk;
Eg: Abdul Kalam – the former President comes to our school.
Capital letter To being a sentence.
thf;fpaq;fis njhlq;Ftjw;F cgNahfg;gLk;.
Eg: God is great.
I am a student.
Apostrophe ( ‘ ) Possessive adjective.
Eg: I’ve done all my work.
Karthick’s father is kind to all.
Hyphen ( - ) In compound words.
$l;Lr;nrhw;fspy; gad;gLk;.
Eg: Woman servant, brother-in-law, mother-in-law
5. you see kumar though they have stayed here for

almost half a year and enjoyed our climate and the
1. thank you shelly the lady said holding her hand out food available they knew that their home is in the
for me to shake for taking care of Sam arctic
2. What you told that old beggar all my private affairs 6. the old man said alas ive lost my health
cried Hughie looking very red and angry 7. we are facing an unsustainable situation says dinesh
3. Ice what happened to you I asked as I knelt down 8. rita shouted come and get me out
beside him 9. we wake up every morning fighting over water says
4. smallest of all the willow warbler half the size of a kamal bhate
sparrow covers as many as 3200 km to reach us 10. oh for this I get two thousand pound
every winter 11. what will he think of me said my friend
12. have I been here for five hours food available. They knew that their home is in the
13. mother said to her son don’t play with fire arctic.
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14. ill never see her again she thought 6. The old man said “Alas! I’ve lost my health”.
15. father said to his son don’t be worried 7. “We are facing an unsustainable situation”, says
16. nagaraj said to his father will you a low me to go on Dinesh.
an excursion to kerala 8. Rit shouted, “Come and get me out.”
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17. an amazing model shouted trevor at the top of his 9. “We wake up every morning fighting over water,”
voice says Kamal Bhate.
18. how much does a model shouted get for sitting 10. “Oh! For this I get two thousand pounds.”
asked Hughie 11. “What will he think of me?” said my friend.
19. she said your wasting your sat scores 12. “Have I been here for five hours?”
20. we are facing an unsustainable situation says dinesh 13. Mother said to her son. “Don’t play with fire.”
21. riat shouted come and get me out 14. “I’ll never see her again”, she thought.
22. we wake up every morning fighting over water says 15. Father said to his son. “Don’t be worried.”
kamal bhate 16. Nagaraj said to his father, “Will you allow me to go
23. oh for this I get two thousand pounds on an excursion to Kerala?
24. what will he think of me said my friend 17. “An amazing model?” shouted Trevor at the top of
25. have I been here for five hours his voice.
26. mother said to her son don’t play with fire 18. “How much does a model get for sitting?” asked
Hughie.
Answers: 19. She said, “You’re wasting your SAT scores”
1. “Thank you!” Shelly, the lady said holding her hand 20. “We are facing an unsustainable situation”, says
out for me to shake for taking care of Sam. Dinesh.
2. “What you told that old beggar about all my private 21. Rita shouted, “come and get me out”.
affairs” cried Hughie, looking very red and angry. 22. “We wake up every morning fighting over water”,
3. “Ice what happened to you?” I asked as I knelt down says Kamal Bhate.
beside him. 23. “Oh! for this I get two thousand pounds.”
4. Smallest of all the willow warbler, half the size of a 24. “What will he think of me?”
sparrow covers as many as 3200 km to reach us 25. “Have I been here for five hours?”
every winter. 26. Mother said to her, “Don’t play with fire”.
5. You see Kumar though they have stayed here for
almost half an year and enjoyed our climate and the
Note :
1. ‘ck; $l’ is added for emphasis as given above.
2. The same example sentences given for ‘after’, ‘before’, ‘though’, ‘when’ etc
Can be used with ‘even after’, ‘even before’, ‘even though’, ‘even when’ ect.
What is Simple sentence?

A simple sentence has only one main clause with or without Phrase.
Ex: On seeing a snake, I killed it. (with phrase)
Phrase Main clause
I killed a snake. (without phrase)

Main clause
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jdp thf;fpak; vd;why; vd;d?
jdp thf;fpak; vd;gJ xNu xU gpujhd clause (main)I ngw;wpUf;Fk; nrhw;nwhlh; (phrase)
,Uf;fyhk; my;yJ ,y;yhkYk; ,Uf;fyhk;.
What is a compound sentence?
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A compound sentence should have two main clauses or more than that but no subordinate clause joined by sub
ordination conjunction.
Ex : I saw a snake and I killed it. I don’t feel will so I consult a doctor.
Main clause Main clause Main clause Main clause
$l;L thf;fpak; vd;why; vd;d?

$l;L thf;fpak; vd;gJ ,U gpujhd clauseI my;yJ mjw;F Nkw;gl;l main clause
ngw;wpUf;Fk;. ,jw;F sub ordinate clause fpilahJ. ,t;thW thf;fpaq;fSf;F ,izTr; nrhy;yhf
Co-ordinate conjunction tUk;.
What is a complex sentence?

A complex sentence has only one main clause and one or more sub ordinate clauses. It is joined by sub-ordinate
conjunction.
Ex : Though he is ill, he attends the class.
As there is bandh, all the shops are closed.
fyit thf;fpak; vd;why; vd;d?
fyit thf;fpak; vd;gJ xNu xU main clause Ak; xd;W my;yJ mjw;F Nkw;gl;l sub ordinate clause
Ak; nfhz;ljhf ,Uf;Fk;. ,J subordinate conjunctions I ngw;wpUf;Fk;.
Now let us how these types of sentences can be transformed.
ehk; ,g;NghJ ,t;tif thf;fpaq;fis vt;thW khw;wyhk; vd;gij ghh;gN
; ghk;.
S.No. Complex Compound Simple

1. Though / Although / Even But / yet / still In spite of / Despite + V + ing (or)
though Inspite of (Despite + possessive Adj
2. As / Since / Because and so V + ing / Due to / on account of / owing
to / Because of
3. If and In case of + V + ing
4. Unless or / otherwise In case of + not + V + ing
5. After (sub + perfect tense) and then After + V + ing / Having + PP
6. When and On + V + ing
7. As soon as And at once / and On + V + ing
immediately
8. Before And before that Before + V + ing
9. Till / until And till then Till + V + ing
10. So ….. that …. Not Very ….. and so too …… to
11. That and of / to
15. fifty candidates appeared for the interview but only

five was selected. (use ‘Though’)
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Simple, Complex, Compound 16. Ramesh did not know Spanish so he wanted a
Do as directed translator. (change into ‘simple’)
1. Ravi is a celebrity. He mingles easily with everyone. 17. He is a good doctor, still he is not popular. (use
(Form a simple sentence using ‘Despite’) ‘Inspite use’)
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2. You must speak clearly to make yourself understood. Answers:
(change into compound) 1. Despite being celebrity, Ravi mingles easily with
3. The children being away, the in unable to approve the everyone.
proposal. (change into compound) 2. If you speak clearly, you will make yourself
4. Getting down from the car the chief Guest walked understood.
towards the dais amidst applause. (change into 3. The chairman is away, so the clerk is unable to
compound) approve the proposal.
5. If there is emergency, please contact this number. 4. As soon as the chief Guest got down from the car, he
(use In case of) walked towards the dais amidst applause.
6. The sun having set the temperature full rapidly. (use 5. In case of emergency, please contact this number.
‘After’) 6. After the sun had set, the temperature fell rapidly.
7. But for your help I could not have completed the 7. If you had not helped me, I could not have completed
assignment. (change into complex) the assignment.
8. Nobody knows when the supply will resume. (change 8. Nobody knows the resumption of the power supply.
into simple sentence) 9. Please tell me what the time is?
10. The man who directed the film was my schoolmate.
9. Please tell me the time (change into complex) 11. I believe that men are basically good.
10. The man was my schoolmate. He directed the film. 12. No one knows the time if his return.
(combine the two sentences using who) 13. It started raining suddenly and people ran for
11. All men and basically good (change into complex) shelter.
12. No one knows when he will return (change into 14. Understand the concept well, otherwise you cannot
simple) solve the problem.
13. It started raining suddenly. People ran for shelter 15. Though fifty candidates appeared for the interview,
(combine the two sentence using ‘and’) only five was selected.
14. Unless you understand the concept well, you cannot 16. Not knowing Spanish, Ramesh wanted a translator.
solve the problem. (change into compound) 17. In spite of being a good actor, he is not popular.
MODEL EXERCISES: 2. a) music / lives / our / in / place / important / has /in

1. a) them/ being/ is/ a house /constructed/ by . Music has an important place in our lives.
A house is being constructed by them. b) I love / because / the / I / can / down / dress / and /
b) the door/ not/ slammed/ be/ let. weekend / he /myself I love the weekend
Let the door not be slammed. because I can be myself and dress down.
c) one / finish / work /early/ can / go / and / a/ for walk / c) good books / in / home / every / and / up / the / lamp /
one’s magazines / and / light / of / knowledge.
One can finish one’s work early and go for a walk. Good books and magazines light up the lamp of
knowledge in every home.
3. a) eating / cool / is / to / off / cream / ice / way /good 7. a) sports / not / in /body /also / his / developing /
Eating ice cream is a good way to cool off. mind / only / a child’s / but / help
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b) vibin / next year / for / a / holiday / to / come / hopes b) they / exercise / the / total / body / give / to
/ back / to / Disneyland / the Vibin hopes to come c) science / man / weapons / also / given / warfare / has /
back to the Disney land for a holiday next year. deadly / of
c) The / gave / baby /mother / her / apple / red / a 8. a) even/respectful/ person / is / who / like / a /
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The mother gave her baby a red apple. strangers
4. a) too / the /spoil / broth / cooks / many b) the / violently / ship / the / rocked / storm
Too many cooks spoil the broth. c) a soft / away / and / many / saves / pit / turns / fall /
b) I/ will / opportunity / right / for / wait/ the / strike / to anger / from / a / us / answer
c) the king / that / authority / curbed /was / his / 9. a) the / worked / masterpiece / painstakingly / artist /
annoyed / was his / at
5. a) they / compass / a / the / and / stars / sun / also / as b) good / the v/ and / others / was / respect / love / of /
b) the doctor / a / serious / operate / may / the / case / if manners
c) unlike / animals / maps / travelers / human / have / do c) coffee / popular / many / world / is / of / parts / in /
/ not very / the
6. a) then / is / decides / he / treatment / or / she / needed 10. a) we / in science / age / the / live
/ of / kind / if b) dad / free / the / by / offered / him / a / gift / was
b) they / the / fit / body / and / keep / fresh c) they / up / muscles / strengthen / bones / their / and /
c) the / doctor / makes / of / illness / an / a / first / their / tone
diagnosis
SECTION -IV
ftdj;jpy; nfhs;s Ntz;bait

Kjypy; tiuglj;ijg; ghHj;J topia njhpe;J nfhz;L gpd;dh; tpilaspf;fTk;.
mbf;fb gad;gLk; thf;fpaq;fs;
i) Go straight – Neuhfr; nry;f
ii) turn left or turn right – ,lJGwkhf jpUk;gTk; my;yJ tyJGwkhf jpUk;gTk;.
iii) opposite to – vjpuhf
iv) walk past – fle;J nry;f.
Observe the map given below and write the instructions required:
G A road map is given below. Answer the questions that follow with the help of the road map. Work is pairs and discuss
to give directions to get to one place from another.
1. You are at the market. You need directions to go Exercise – 2

the pharmacy. Observe the map given below and write the
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Step on the road and walk along the main road. instructions required.
Cross the library and the bakery street. You will reach You are near the school. An old man who is sick asks
the intersection. Take the right and pass through the gift you to direct him to the hospital nearby.
shop on the south road. Walk through the hospital and Guide him with your directions in about 50 words.
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cross the road. The pharmacy is on the left.
2. Your are ina book shop. Ask your partner to
direct you to the Art Gallery.
Step down the road on the park street. Take the first
right and walk along the Central Avenue. Walk forward
and cross the school. Take the Zebra crossing and pass
through the shoe shop. Turn left and take the South Exercise – 3
Road. Walk straight and at the end of the road you will You are near the Government Hostpital. A stranger asks
reach the Art Gallery. you to direct him to a nearby school. Guide him with
3. Give your partner the direction to go from the your directions in about 50 words.
Bank to the hotel.
Step down onto the Park Street and pass through the
Swimming pool. Turn right and walk along the George
Street. Pass the police station and take the zebra
crossing. The Hotel is opposite to the bakery.
4. Direct your partner from the post office to the
market.
Exercise – 4
Get onto the Central Avenue road and walk along
You are near the school. An old man who is sick as asks
the shoe shop and the school. At the intersection, take
you to direct him to the Apollo hostpital. Guide him
the right onto the Park Street. Walk along the Park
with your directions in about 50 words.
Street and pass through the bank and the swimming
pool. Cross the road and you will reach the market.
5. Your partner wants to go the library from school.
Give suitable directions.
Step down the Central Avenue road and take the
first left and walk along the North road. Cross through
the Zebra crossing. The library is opposite to the police
station.
Exercise – 1
You are a leader at school and you have to send
your schoolmates to the Public Hall for the
Exercise – 5
Annual Day Rehearsals, Guide them with your
Observe the map and write the instructions required.
directions in about 50 words.
You are near the computer centre. A stranger asks you
to direct him to the post office. Guide him with your
directions in about 50 words.
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Exercise – 10
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Guide the stranger to the Petrol Bunk. Give instructions.
Exercise – 6
Observe the map. Guide the stranger to Malar Hospital.
Write the instructions required.
ANSWERS:
Exercise - 1:
Instruction to the Schoolmates:
1. step down the road and turn left.
2. Go straight along the 2nd lane.
3. Turn Right.
Exercise – 7
4. Walk past the 1st lane and reach Major Lal Road.
5. Turn right and cross the road.
6. Walk past the Deep stores and Amit Hotel.
7. turn left and enter into the 1st Cross Road.
8. You will find the Public Hall on your left.
Exercise - 2:
1. Walk along the road.
2. Turn left in the first cut.
Exercise – 8 3. Walk straight in the Gandhi road for a few minutes.
Guide the stranger to the State Bank of India. Write the 4. Reach the signal.
instructions for helping him. 5. Turn right and walk a few steps.
6. You will see the Get Well Hospital on your right
side.
Exercise - 3:
Instrucions to reach the school:
1. Walk straight and reach the park road.
2. Turn right and walk along the Park road.
3. You will find a park on your left.
4. Walk straight to the road ahead of you.
Exercise – 9 5. Don’t turn left or right
You are near the school. An old man asks you to direct 6. Within a few minutes of walk, you will reach the
him to the Indian Bank. Guide him with your directions school on your left.
in about 50 words. Exercise - 4:
Instrucions to reach Apollo Hospital:
1. Step down the road and turn right.
2. Go straight along the T.K.Road.
3. Turn Right. 5. Go (walk) straight.

4. Go straight along the 1st Main Road. Walk Past SBI 6. After a few minutes’ walk, you will reach State Bank
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Bank. of India on your right side.
5. Reach New Bus stand Road. Exercise - 8:
6. Don’t turn left or right. Go straight. Instructions to the stranger:
7. Within few minutes walk, you will find the Apollo 1. Go Straight along the Mount Road.
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Hospital on your left side. It is opposite to Scan 2. After a few minutes walk, Turn Right.
Centre. 3. Walk along the 1st street.
Exercise - 5: 4. Skip the Railway Station
Instructions to the stranger: 5. Turn Right
1. Walk straight and turn left. 6. Walk along the Gandhi Road.
2. Go straight in the Patel street and reach main road. 7. Turn into the 2nd Street.
3. Turn right and walk straight in the main road. 8. You’ll find the SBI on your left side
4. Walk past the bank. Exercise - 9:
5. Turn left in the Nehru street. 1. Step down the road and turn right.
6. You will find the post office next to the Medical shop 2. Go straight and reach the Main road.
on your right side. 3. Turn Left
Exercise - 6: 4. Go straight
Instructions: 5. Walk past the bus stop.
Instructions to the stranger: 6. Go straight
1. Go straight along the road. 7. Turn left and Go straight
2. Turn left. 8. You will find Indian Bank opposite to Raja store.
3. Go straight along the Main Road. Exercise - 10:
4. Walk a few minutes. 1. Go straight
5. You’ll find Malar Hospital on your right side. 2. You will reach Main Road
Exercise - 7: 3. Turn right.
Instructions: 4. Walk along the main road
1. Go (walk) straight. 5. Turn left in the Bharathi nagar street. 6. Walk past the
2. Turn Left. bus stop.
3. Go (walk) straight along the Main Road. 6. You will find the petrol bunk next to the bus stop.
4. Turn Left
PART III
SECTION - I
Answer the following in a paragraph of about 150 words.

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 ,jw;F Penguin Prose gFjpapYs;s gj;jp tpdh tpilfis ed;F gbj;J nfhs;sTk;.
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Answer the following in a paragraph of about 150 words.
 nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s ,uz;L tpdhf;fspypUe;J VNjDk; xU tpdhtpw;F tpilaspf;fTk;
 ,jw;F Penguin Poem gFjpapYs;s gj;jp tpdh tpilfis ed;F gbj;J nfhs;sTk;.
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,ij Poem gFjpiag; ghh;j;J gbj;Jf; nfhs;sTk
,ij Poem gFjpiag; ghh;j;J gbj;Jf; nfhs;sTk;.
SECTION - III
ANSWER ANY ONE OF THE FOLLOWING QUESTION
,ij supplementary gFjpiag; ghh;j;J gbj;Jf; nfhs;sTk;.
Supplementary gFjpapy; cs;s Comprehension Questions I gbj;J nfhs;sTk;.
,g;gFjpapy; rpy jfty;fs; nfhLf;fg;gLk;. Exercise - 1:

mtw;iwf; nfhz;L tpsk;guk; jahhpf;f Ntz;Lk;. Prepare an advertisement on the information given
Fwpg;Gfs;: below.
1. Rhyming-y; tUk; khjphp ftuf;$ba a) MN Silks - all varieties - latest collecitons - low cost
thf;fpaq;fs; mika Ntz;Lk;. - authorised silk mark show room - festival offer -
2. eifr;Ritahd thf;fpaq;fs; ,Uf;fyhk;. good customer service.
3. Kjypy; xU tiua Ntz;Lk;.
4. nfhLf;fg;gl;l jfty;fs; midj;Jk;
tpsk;guj;jpy; ,lk; ngw Ntz;Lk;.
5. Kfthp fz;bg;ghf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
6. vspjpy; Qhgfk; itj;Jf; nfhs;sf; $ba
nrhw;nwhlh;fis gad;gLj;jyhk;.
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EXERCISE - 3
b) Grand discount sale-mobile
mobile store exchange offer -
a) Zee fine Arts Academy - admission open - Carnatic
Buy one and get one free - Dual SIM mobile
Vocal, Veena, Violin Guitar, Keyboard classes -
Rs.12,999/-.. Android mobile even at Rs.2,499/-
Rs.2,499/ All
Contact No. duration of course fees.
spare parts available - Sundary Working day.
EXERCISE - 2 : b) Kids, Toddlers and Pranksters ! Rush in, Swarm in !

a) Videocon sale - 20% discount - gift hampers Adi –
special offer. (Cell No.9998887771) GRAB THE OFFER ! PAY 20 less. Toys to play with
Colourful ones, novel, handy
handy, easy to operate, Pick
and choose from a wide. Variety - Raj street - Chennai.
b) Singapore - 4 rights and 3 days - Rs.30,000 -

accommodation - sights - seeing - book now - tours
EXERCISE - 4:
and travels. No.1 Maharaja Road - Pudukkottai.
a) Mouth watering - delicious food - hygenie
preparation
- affordeble prices - makes you long for more - crave
and rave vegetarian Resturant, Coimbatore.
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EXERCISE - 6:
b) Educational Material - Classes VI to X. Plenty of a) Fresh Fruits - Vegetables from farms - healthy - juicy
exercises - interesting games - puzzles - English, Maths, - tasty - low price - care for helath - fruits and
vegetables - 59, Mini street, Trichy
Science - gain knowledge our books enlighten you
contact Genius kids publications - No.20, Nehru
Road, Chennai-34.
b) Colourful toys - novel - lovely, safe to Use - non

toxic - handy etc. - 10% discount. Sale for 3 days
EXERCISE - 5: only. Venue - Guild of Service Hall
Hall-egmore
a) Best furniture - for classrooms, houses, Teak wood Chennai - 8
and Rose wood - elegant style - comfort - cheap and
best - Discount for bulk orders
EXERCISE - 7:
a) Pen World - mightier than sword - variety of pens -
different dazzling colours - writers smoothly - prices
b) Kanchipuram Silk, Sarees Sale - discount for Pongal
from Rs.10 to Rs.1000/
Rs.1000/- for gifts - personal use.
& Wedding Collections - Abundant Collection -
Computer design sarees and New Varieties
V - 106,
West Perumal Maistry Street, Madurai - Mobile -
9843141557
b) Susee - Hyundai - New Cars - Sales - Special Offer

spot booking - exchange offer - Venue: Gandhi Nagar,
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Madurai.
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EXERCISE - 9:
a) Laptop & Computer Shop - Systems for students -
Special discounts - affordable price - limited period
offer - details : visit www.stulap.com
EXERCISE - 8:
a) Mouth watering - delicious food - Hygienic
Preparation - affordable price- excellent service -
open air - elegant and post.
b) Malaysia - 3 nights and 2 days - Rs.20,000/-

accommodation - sight seeing - book
now - Tours and Travels - M.G. Road,
b) Sale of furniture - Wooden Chairs - dining tables - Bangalore.
teak wood tables - comfortable sofa cum bed all under
one roof - door delivery - 15% less - hurry.
EXERCISE - 10 b) Egale Electronics Ltd. 30% discount sale all

a) Zee fine Arts Academy - admission open - Carnatic electronic appliances - additional warranty gifts
Vocal, Veena, Violin Guitar, Keyboard classes - with every purchase.
Contact No. duration of course fees.
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,g;gFjpapy; fbjj;jpd; Kf;fpag; gFjpia Thank You,
kl;Lk; tpilahf vOj Ntz;Lk;. vOJgth;> Yours faithfully / Sincerely,
ngWeh;fspd; cwT Kiwfis fUj;jpy; nfhz;L
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S/d
thh;j;ijfis ifahs Ntz;Lk;. (Name in Capital Letter with Designation)
Format of Business / Official / formal Letter. Address on the envelope :
From Place To
_________ date _________
_________ _________
_________ _________
To Letter Writing
_________ A situation is given in this question where will be
_________ hints regarding the sender and he subject matter.
_________ Depending on the given hints, imagine the content of
Sub : _________ the letter and then write on your own.
Ref : _________ fbjk; vOJjy;> tpdhtpy; xU #oy;
Sir / Madam, nfhLf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. xUth; ahUf;F> vjw;fhff;
_________ fbjk; vOJfpwhh; vd;w Fwpg;Gfs; ,Uf;Fk;.
_________ mjidg; gbj;J nfhLf;fg;gl;l Fwpg;GfSf;F
_________ jFe;jhw; Nghy fbjj;jpd; cs;slf;fj;ij fw;gid
_________ nra;J nrhe;j eilapy; ve;j Ntz;Lk;.
Letters C text
Formal or Official Letters Informal or personal letter
Letters Govt and other public bodies Letter to relatives and friends
Business Job Application Orderiry Letters of Complaint Inviting congratulating thanking

Personal or informal Letters To
,it ez;gh;fs;> cwtpdh;fs; kw;Wk; J. Draft letters
ngw;Nwhh;fSf;F vOJk; fbjq;fs;. 1. You are Ajeet, living in a remote village in
Format of Informal / personal Letters Tirunelveli. You participated in a health camp.
Place Organized by your school. You were surprised to
Date observe that most of the residents were unaware of
Dear Friend / Mom / Dad etc health and hygiene. As a concerned citizen. Write a
_________ letter to the editor stating the need to organize such
_________ camps focusing on the importance of health and
_________ hygiene. (TB)
_________ 141, Simon Nagar
with love / yours lovingly Tirunelveli
Address on the envelope : 24.6.2019
The Editor Every citizen should have civic sense and use the
The Times of India natural resources judiciously.it will safeguard the future
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Chennai – 6 of the nation.
Sir Thank you
Sub: Awareness camp on health and hygiene Yours faithfully
I wish to bring it to your kind attention that the Sanjay
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health and hygiene of our locality was deplorable. 3. You are Sada Sivam. You recently visited your
People were unaware of the health implications of poor native town in Vellore. You happened to accompany
hygiene. your grandmother to your family temple. You were
Due to the unhygienic conditions, people suffer shocked in notice the poor condition and aintenance
from various ailments and diseases. They spend their of the temple. Write a letter to the Editor of local
hard earned money on health issues. The authorities newspaper highlighting the poor condition of the
were never concerned about the plight of the village temple. Also give some suggestions and request the
people. HRC to take steps to improve the situation. (TB)
I request you to create awareness about the health 45, Pillars Gate
and hygiene and make sure that the health officials Cross cut road
create awareness and regular camps to improve the Vellore-610016
health conditions of the people. 25-10-2109
Thank you The Editor
Yours faithfully Dinakaran
Ajeet Vellore
2. You are Sanjay. Your colony utilizes solar energy Sir
to light the common areas. You find many friends of Sub: Poor condition and maintenance of temple
your colony forgetting to switch off the lights in the I would like to bring it to your kind attention that
common area. As a responsible citizen. Write a letter the ancient temples are not maintained properly and
to a newspaper, echoing the importance to conserve they are on the verge of destruction.
and preserve solar energy. (TB) It was painful to see such a huge temple, where
Raja nagar people visit in hundreds everyday, is in shambles.
Cross street, Madurai I request you to highlight the plight of the people
12-4-2019 and the temple and bring this to the notice of the temple
The Editor authorities and the government, so that the temple
The Hindu restored its lost glory.
Maduri- 625001 Thank you
Sir Yours faithfully
Sub: Conserve and preserve solar energy Sadasivam
The natural resources are fast depleting and a day is 4. You are Sudha. Your neighbor has a pet dog that
not far away, where people will go back to the Stone barks continuously. Write a letter to the Editor of
Age. This is a common occurrence in India that energy a weekly newspaper of your locality, highlighting
is being wasted in the form of burning the lights even in the nuisance and noise pollution created thus. Also
the morning or failing to switch off the lights after using suggest ways to solve the problem. (TB)
it. 121, Chris Lane
Solar energy is a great source of energy which can Ramanputhur
illuminate the whole world. It is a source of clean Nagercoil-2
energy and it should be used to the maximum potential. The Editor
Deccan Chronicle
Nagercoil Exercise 1
Sir Babu wanted to join a technical course in the
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Sub: Dog menace and nuisance evenings at an institution. He started writing a letter
This is to highlight the nuisance caused by the dog tothe Principal of his school, requesting him to
and the noise pollution in the locality. This has been a provide him with a bonafide certificate enabling him
recurrent issue in our locality. to join the course. Babu could not complete the
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The dogs have created a scary atmosphere in our letter. Complete the content of his letter in about 100
area. People couldn’t walk on the streets without fear. words.
There should be separate enclosure for the dogs, so From
that it may not threaten the commuters. Proper care and A.Babu, X Standard A,
vaccination should be administered the animals. ABC. Hr. Sec. School, XXXX.
Thank you To
Yours faithfully The Principal
Sudha ABC. Hr.Sec. School, XXXX.
5. You are Raja. The street lights of your area do Respected Sir,
not work. Properly. As a responsible citizen. write a I am a student of class X-B in our school. I am
letter to the news paper enlightening them about the interested in doing a computer course run by XYZ
problem and also suggest ways to brighten the area. institute of computers. So I am in need of a bonafide
(TB) certificate enabling me to join the course. So kindly
307, kurusady permit me so that I can successfully complete the
Ramavarmapuram course.
Tirunelveli Thank you,
The Editor Date : Yours faithfully,
Dinamani Place : A.Babu.
Tirunelveli Exercise 2 :
Sir Maha celebrated her birthday last week. Her uncle
Sub: No proper street lights in our locality Raman had presented her a watch. Maha wants to
This is to highlight the pathetic plight of the street thank him for the gift. The format of the letter is
lights in our locality. The street lights does not work ready. Help Maha to complete the content of her
properly in our area. I have written complaints to the letter in about 100 words.
civic authorities, but they haven’t taken any steps. 36, Sastri Stree,
The pitch darkness at night is a apt place for obbery Siva Nagar, Trichy,
and theft. A few cases have happened in our locality 27th March, 2014.
due to poor lightings. My dear uncle,
Solar lights can be fitted, so that it can save energy How are you? I am fine. I was so surprised on
and glows even when there is power failure. The seeing the watch you gave as gift on my birthday . It is
authorities should maintain the street lights. just awesome and always reminds me of your love and
Through this letter let me appeal to the authorities care. Thank you so much for the gift. Convey my
to take necessary steps to address the issue at the regards to aunty.
earliest. yours lovingly,
Thank you Maha.
Yours faithfully Address on the envelope:
Raja Mr. Raman,
15, Thiru nagar, Kanchipuram,
Exercise 3 : Exercise 5
Ram started writing a letter to the Book Company D. Ramya wrote a letter to the collector of Chennai
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complaining about the bad state of books received on District expressing her wish to contribute some
transit. He is unable to complete the letter. Complete funds she had collected for the victims of a recent
the content of his letter in about 100 words. flood in her city. She started her letter but could not
From complete it. Complete the contents of her letter in
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RAM, ABC School, Y City. about 100 words.
To: 6th November, 2013.
The Manager, X Y Z Publications, Y City, From
Sir, D.Ramya, 19th Std, ‘C’ Section,
Sub: Complaining about the damaged parcel. Ref: Govt. Hr. Sec. School, Chennai- 600024.
Bill No, C 425 dated 6th April 2013 To
I wish to bring to your kind notice the bad condition The District Collector,
of the parcel received on 14th may. Chennai -600016.
A few days before, we ordered nearly 20 books. Respected Sir/Madam,
Out of which, seven books’ wrappers got damaged. The Sub: Contribution to the Flood Relief Fund-Reg
corners are torn and also for few of the books some I am D.Ramya the class leader of class X-B of XYZ
pages were damaged. Now we need new books for these school. I feel extremely sorry for all those who have lost
damaged books. So please kindly do the needy to us. their life and are affected by the recent flood in the city.
Kindly replace this damaged books at the earliest. We the students have collected an amount of Rs.20000.
Thanking you, I have hereby enclosed the DD with this letter. Please
Yours faithfully, use the amount for a good Cause.
RAM. Thank you,
Exercise 4 Yours faith fully,
YYYY is planning to celebrate Bakrid in her house D. Ramya.
at Madurai. She started writing a letter to her cousin Exercise 6 :
XXXX asking her to come over with something that Rani wrote a letter to her friend Revathy describing
she needed for the celebration. For some reason she her visit to a holiday resort. She started her letter
could not complete the letter. Complete the content but could not complete it. Complete the content of
of her letter in about 100 words. her letter in about 100 words.
12, Kamaraj Nagar, Madurai 14A 3rd Street,
23.03.2013 K.K. Nagar, A.City.
DearXXXX 2nd October, 2012.
Hi, How are you? I am fine. This year we have My dear Revathy,
planned to celebrate Bakrid in our home. Your presence How are you and your parents? Here we all are
shall make all of us happy and cherished too. Special quite good. How did u spend your holidays? I went to
prayers and some functions have also been organised. It Kerala last week with my family. We stayed there for a
would be helpful if your bring your camera and take the week. It was a very lovely experience. There we went to
beautiful moments on that day. So please come and museum and had a lot of fun. The chill weather filled
bring your digital camera. We accept your presence. my mind and heart with happiness. My joys knew no
convey my regards to all. bounds to express which I felt in Kerala. Ok take care of
Yours Lovingly, your health. Convey my regards to your parents.
YYYY Yours lovingly,
Rani.
Address on the envelope addresed to me to the new address mentioned above. In

To the mean time I will write the change of new address to
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K.Revathy, my friends and relations.
15,A.V.R. Road, B.City, Pin xxxxxx Thank you,
Exercise 7: Yours sincerely,
Mani started writing a letter to his father asking V.Sriram
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permission to join an excursion party. He is unable Penguin 382 IX - English
to complete the letter. Complete the content of his Exercise 9:
letter in about 100 words. Sreeja celebrated her birthday last week. Her uncle
NSK Hr. Sec. School, Trichy, Ranjan had presented her a watch. Sreeja wants to
12.03.2013 thank him for the gift. The format of the letter is
My dear father, ready. Help Sreeja to complete the content of her
Dear Dad, How are you, Mom and sister? I am letter in about 100 words.
keeping good health and good at my studies. Our class 36, Q.R.Street, P.K. Nagar, A City.
teacher has arranged an excursion to kanyakumari on 29th March, 2012.
next Saturday. It is an educational excursion only. It My dear uncle,
will be very useful for me and my studies. Many of my Dear uncle, How are you and aunty? Here we all
friends have joined with them. are good. I am very happy to receive your gift of a
Please Dad give me permission and send Rs 1000. watch on my birthday. It is very useful to me. I am very
Convey my regards to all. happy and I like it very much. It is always remind me of
Your loving son, your love and affection towards me. Tank you very
S. Mani. much for your lovely gift.
Address on the envelope convey my regards to aunty.
To Yours lovingly,
Mr. K. Sivaram, Sreeja.
60 -B Gandhi salai,
Thirunelveli. Address on the envelope:
Exercise 8 Mr. Rajan, 15,
Sriram wanted to write to the Postmaster of his Tata Nagar, B City,
village informing him of his change of address. He Pin:xxxxxx
had the format of his letter ready but had yet to Exercise 10:
write the content. Complete the content of his letter Kavya wanted to write a letter to her uncle to ask
in about 100 words. him if she could spend her summer holidays with
C village, 3rd, March,2012. him. She had started her letter but had not
From completed it. Complete the content of her letter in
V.Sriram, about 100 words.
12, South Street, C Village.Pin XXX XXX 20, 4th Street. Gandhi Nagar,
To Chennai- 600 020.
The Postmaster, Dated 13th April, 2012.
Post Office, C Village. Pin XXX XXX Dear Uncle,
Sir, Dear uncle, How are you, aunty and Anu...... Here
Sub: Regarding change of address. we all are in good health. I have completed my exams
I am M.Sriram. I have shifted my residence to the well. How about Anu? I would like to spend my
above mentioned address. Earlier I was residing at 126, summer vacation with u all. If u r free inform me uncle.
West Street, Melur. Kindly redirect all the letters Convey my regards to all.
Your loving niece, XYZ Higher Secondary School,

Kavya B City, Pin XXXXXX.
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Address on the envelope: To
Mr. S.Ramesh, Mr C. Nagaraj, Professor of English<
20, Everon Heights, Ootacamund, ABC Arts College, K City, Pin YYY YYY.
Nilgris District. Dear Sir,
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Sub: Invitation to preside over the inauguration of
Literary Association
I am Ramesh, School Pupil Leader of St. Xavier
Exercise 11: Higher Secondary School. We have planned to celebrate
Ramesh wanted to write to Mr. Nagaraj asking him the inauguration of Literary Association in our school
to be the ChiefGuest for a function in his school. He on January 5, 2016. We are in immense pleasure to
had the format of his letter ready but had yet to invite the chief Guest for the function. I will meet you
write the content. Complete the content of his letter in person to give the invitation from our head Master. If
in about 100 words. you accept our invitation we will be very happy.
B City, Thank You.
3rd November, 2010. Yours sincerely,
From K.Ramesh (SPL)
K.Ramesh, School Pupil leader,
What is a Notice ? 4. They are brief and to the point, having no scope for
A notice is a written or printed news announcement irrelevant or superfulous material.
or information. A notice can be on the form of a formal 5. The signatures of the issuing Authority, of the notice,
announcement of public importance. It can be a warning for example, the principal / president of secretary of
in advance and may be used for giving information to a the students / council / secretary of the Drama and
section of people or people at large. Notices are given cultural club etc. are made at the bottom on the left
generally in newspapers or magazines Educational side.
notices are displayed on notice boards in schools and 6. The date is given either at the top or at the bottom.
colleges. A notic can also find a place in columns of a 7. The students ca choose any of the following ways of
newspaper as an advertisement. writing the date.
Notices are effective means of communication in (i) 17 Jan 2019 (ii) 17 Jan, 2019
the modern age. They are the effective ways to beach a (iii) 17th Jan, 2019 (iv) Jan 17, 2019.
large number of persons in a short time. As such we Unless mentioned in the question, students should
must be clear and brief in writing notices. write the ame date on which they are taking the
Points to Remember : examination.
1. Generally school notices are written on printed pads 8. It should be enclosed in a box.
of the students council / Institution / Drama or Notice vd;gJ xU mwptpg;igNah my;yJ xU
Cultural club etc. jftiyNah vOJtjhFk;. xU jftiy Fwpg;gpl;l
2. Notices are written in a very formal and simple lan- gphptpdUf;F Kd;$l;bNa njhptpg;gjd; Kf;fpa
guages. Nehf;fkhFk;. fy;tp njhlh;ghd mwpg;Gfs; kw;Wk;
3. Notices for schools notice boards contain certain an- nra;jpfs; gs;sp kw;Wk; fy;Y}hpfspy; cs;s jfty;
nouncmenets or information to students. gyifapy; vOjg;gLtjhFk;. Notice writing vd;gJ
jw;fhyj;jpy; jftiy tpiuthfj; njhptpf;f

gad;gLk; xU El;gkhFk;.
epidtpy; nfhs;s Ntz;bait :
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1. nghJthf
ghJthf gs;sp jfty; gyiffspy; fy;tp
epWtdk; / fy;tp FO / ,yf;fpa kd;wk; /
tpisahl;L kd;wk; Mfpa kd;wq;fspd;
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rhh;ghf mwptpf;fg;gLk;.
2. vspa kw;Wk; Kiw rhh;e;j nkhop eilapy;
vOjg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
3. Notice RUf;fkhfTk; mN Nj rkaj;jpy; $w ii. You are the Secretary of Park Circus Residents
Welfare Association. Write a notice to inform the
Ntz;ba tp\aj;ij Nehpilahf
ehpilahfTk; $wg;gl
residents of your colony of a Meditation program
Ntz;Lk;. under the guidance of Dr. P. Ranjit with a view to
jhptpf;Fk; eghpd; ifnaOj;
4. jfty; njhptpf; if J understanding the self better. The program is
gjtpAld;
ld; ,lg;gf;f Xuj;jpy; ,Uf;f xclusively for the residents It will be conducted on
ntz]Lk;. the second Saturday of the following month from
7.00 a.m. to 9.00 a.m. at the children’s park nearby.
5. Njjp nkNyNah (m) fPNoh
Noh vOjg;
vO glyhk;.
10th (TB)
6. khzt khztpah; Njjpia jjpia fPo;fz;lthW
Fwpg;gplyhk;.
(i) 17 Jan 2019 (ii) 17 Jan, 2019
th
(iii) 17 Jan, 2019 (iv) Jan 17, 2019.
7. Nfs;tpapy; Njjp
jjp Fwpg;gplg;glhj tiuapy; khzt
khzt khztpah;fs; Njh;T vOJk; Njjpiaj;
jhd; Fwpg;gpl Ntz;
tz;Lk;. mth;fshf
fw;gidapy; VNj xU Njjpiaf; jjpiaf; Fwpg;gplf;
$lhJ. iii.You are Ganesh/Gayathri Head boy/Head girl, of
8. xU ngl;bf;Fs; tpil ,Uf;f ntz]Lk;. your school. Write a notice for your school notice
Q. Prepare notice for the following board informing the students about the ‘Fancy Fete’
i. You are the school monitor, of Modern Matriculation that is going to be organised in your school campus
School, Villupuram. Your school Principal has on the 10th of next month. 10th (TB)
requested you to inform the students
tudents about a trip to
Yercaud for 3 days. Prepare a notice giving the
details such as date of journey, mode of
etc. th (TB)
transportation, amount, dress code etc.10
EXERCISES :
1. You are Praveen / Praveena. As President of the Cultural Forum of your school, you have organized an
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interschool orchestra competition on the occasion of the Silver Jubliee Celebration of your school. Write a
notice in about this competitions.
Cultural Forum
ABC Hr. Sec. School, Chochin.
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NOTICE
Cultural Forum of our school is going to organize an Inter School Orchestra competition on the
occasion of the Silver Jubliee celebration. The orchestra temas of 20 schools are participating in the
competition. The program will commence at 9 a.m. on 2nd Feb in the school auditorium. Free entry, Entry
passes can be obtained from the undersigned on or before 27th Jan, 2019.
Praveen,
Cultural Forum. 17 Jan,
2. You are President of the cultural society of your school. You are planning to organize or cultural programme.
Cultural Society
ABC School, Trichy.
NOTICE
The cultural club of our school is organising a musical evening on the 5th of the next month. The
programme will include light and classical music and dance. The minister of education has kindly consented to
preside over the function. The students interested in participating in the cultural activities should give thir
names to the undersigned later by 20th April.
Raga,
President. 5 April,
3. You are Navi / Naveena, the cultural secretary of Kings Senior Secondary School, Valliyoor. Write a notices for
your school notice board giving the details for participation of students in a cultural programme to be
organized by your school.
Cultural Society
King’s Senior Secondary School, Valliyoor
NOTICE
The cultural club is going to organize cultural programme on 18th Aug 2019. The commissioner of
police has kindly consented to preside over the function ad will gave away the prizes to the winners. Those
who are interested can register with the undersigned on or before 10th Aug.
Naveena,
Secretary. 1 Aug, 2019.
4. You are Abhishek / Aishwarya of Class XI. Being on Activity co ordinator. Draft a notice to all the other
activity council members to discuss and plan the activities for Christmas Day celebration.
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XYZ Public School, Pune.
NOTICE
1 Dec 2019.
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Activities for celebration of Christmas. All the activity council members are informed to attend a
meeting tomorrow at 10.30 A.M. in the multimedia Hall. The meeting is called to discuss the activities for
Christmas Day. You should come with your ideas and the estimated cost as well as the infrastructure required.
Please contact the undersigned for further details.
Class XI,
Activity Co-ordinator.
5. You are Vikarm, School captain of Presentation Convent, Chennai. Write a notice informing the students of
Class XI about a guest lecture by Mr. Rao, environmentalist of the topic “Conservation of Water”. Write a
notice in not more than 50 words.
PRESENTATION CONVENT, CHENNAI.

NOTICE
30th Oct 2020.
Guest Lecture by Environmentalist. All the students of Class XI are hereby informed that there will be
a guest lecture on “Conservation of Water” by renowned environmentalist Mr. Rao, on 5th Nov 2020 on the
auditorium from 11 to 12.30. Attendance of Class XI students is compulsory. For more information contact the
undersigned.
Vikram,
(School Captain).
6. You are the cultural society of your school, you have been asked to inform students of class VI to XII about an
Inter House Dramatics competition. Draft a notice in not more than 50 words with necessary details. You are
Vasanth / Vasudha.
St. Joesph’s Hr.Sec.School, Nagerkoil.

NOTICE
11th Oct 2020.
Inter House Dramatics Competition. The school is organising an Inter House Dramatics competition
for class VI to XII on 25th Oct in the auditorium. All the house captian must submit the scipts of the play being
in acted by the house to undersigned latest by 15th Oct for making for making the necessary arrangements.
Vasudha, Class XI.
(Cultural Secretary).
7. You are Manish / Manisha, the secretary of Tours and Trips society of Translectic Academy, Thiruchoor. The
school is organising a 20 days historical tour to some importance places in South India. He / she has been
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asked by the Activity Co ordinator to put up a notice inviting students interested in visiting those places.
Write this notice in about 50 words to be putup on the school notice board.
TRANSLECTIC ACADEMY, THIRCHOOR

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NOTICE
5th July 20xx.
20 Days Historical Tour
The school society is organising a 20 days historical tour to Mysuru, Bengalure and Aruangabad.
Interested students must submit their parents acceptance and deposit Rs.5000 by 22nd June to the undersigned.
The tour is only for students of Classes IX to XII.
Manish / Manisha,
Secretary,
Tours and Trips Society.
8. Isha, the Head Girl of Vikash Publc School, Coimbatore. She has lost her Hall Ticket for the Board
examination. She put up a notice on the school notice board. Draft the notice in not more than 50 wards.
VIKASH PUBLIC SCHOOL, COIMBATORE.

NOTICE
27th Feb 2019.
LOST HALL TICKET
I lost my Hall ticket for the Board Examination in the school playground during lunch time. It has my
photograph along with my Reg.No. 12345. Anyboydy who finds it is requested to give it to me in class XI or is
the Administrative Officer. The Person finding it and handering it over will be fairly awarded.
Isha,
Class XII.
9. You are Vineeth / Vineetha, School public leader of Thiru.Vi.Ka. Corp. Hr.Sec.School, Madurai. Draft a notice
to your school notice board in not more than 50 words inviting the names of the students who want to
participate in the cultural programme organized in aid of the victims of the recent Gaja cyclone.
Thiru.Vi.Ka. Corp. Hr.Sec.School, Madurai.

NOTICE
5th Sep 20xx.
Help for the Victims of GAJA cyclone
The school is organising a cultural programe on 11th Sep 20xx in aid of the victims of the recent Gaja
cyclone. Those who are interested to participate may, give their names to their respective class teachers before
8th Sep. for further information, please contact the undrsinged.
Vineth / Vineetha
School Pupil Leader.
10. Draft a notice on Sangeetha, Secretary of Lion's club, Erode to inform all the members about Diwali Mela and
sale of items in not more than 50 words.
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LION’S CLUB, ERODE.
NOTICE
10th Oct 20xx.
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DIWALI MELA
The Lion’s club, Erode is organising, a Diwali Mela on Sunday 15th Oct 20xx from 10 a.m. to 8 p.m.
in the club grounds. There will be sale of various items along with snacks and beverages Registration. For
stalls is open till 12th Oct. 20xx. For more details contact the undersigned.
Sangeetha,
(Secretary).
11. You are Sunil / Suchitra. Write a notice in not more than 50 words to invite articles not exceeding 50 words
for the school magazine.
EKALAVVA HR.SEC.SCHOOL, THIRUNELVELI.

NOTICE
11th Aug 20xx.
CRYSTAL (The School Magazine)
Articles, poems, stories, cartoons, crossword puzzles, brain teasers etc. are invited from the students
for publication in school magazine crystal. Entries should reach the editor latest by 30th Sep 20xx. Each entry
should be neatly written and carry the name and class of the contributor.
Sunil / Suchithra,
Editor.
12. Young astronauts have to be selected for MISSION NASA. The preliminary round will be conducted in
Velammal Bodhi Campus. Write a notice inviting students who wish to become astronauts to take the preliminary
round for final selection in not more than 50 words. You are the Director of Science Research and Centre.
SCIENCE RESEARCH CENTRE, CHENNAI.

NOTICE
14th Mar 20xx.
MISSION NASA
All students who are appearing for Class XII this year are eligible for the preliminary round.
(Entrance Exam) of Mission NASA that will be conducted at Velammal Bodhi Campus, Chennai on Sunday
the 21st Mar 20xx.
A fee of Rs. 500/- should be deposited by 17th Mar at the Center’s Fee conuter. Interested candidates
should enroll themselves with the Science Club Manager at Velammal Bodhi Campus and receive a copy of
the sample papers and a CD for preparation.
Director.
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Look at the picture given below. Express your views Exercise –5
on it about five sentences:
(fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s glj;ijg; ghu;j;J cdJ
fUj;Jf;fis njhptpf;fTk;).
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Exercise – 1:
Exercise –6
Exercise –2
Exercise –7
Exercise –3
Exercise –8
Exercise –4
Exercise –9 Exercise –14
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Exercise –10 Exercise –15
Exercise –11
ANSWERS
Exercise – 1:
This picture has a serious genre. Looks like some
serious discussions are going on. They seem like
colleagues. They might be doing their last minute
preparations for their
official meeting. They may be discussing various
statistics. There may also discuss about their future
goals, deadlines or even about their targets or upcoming
Exercise –12
projects. Who knows, this could be a gang of students
who are preparing for their exams..!!
Exercise – 2:
This picture depicts a rainy day. They could be
strangers possibly. Seems like the boy want to share his
umbrella with that strange hatman. The man looks
pathetic. The boy might have felt pity on him. The boy
must be smart. He wants to help the needy. He was
Exercise –13 taught to love fellow people.
Exercise – 3:
This picture shows a tea stall. The people might
have gathered for their morning tea. This people are
possibly the regular customers of this tea stall. There are
hances that these people are friends. They have known
each other’s family. This picture also has a message to
say. It has people of various religions, smiling and
greeting each other. Clearly resembling, “Love Is God“.
Exercise – 4: Exercise – 9:
A father and his son might have gone for a fish This seems like a railway station of early days. The
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hunt. This could be a Sunday morning. The father is days, when trains were introduced. The days, when
teaching him to catch fish. The father can also make his trains were driven using steam engines. It might be a
son to understand the importance of patience. The son source of pollution. This picture reminds me the stories
seems to be smart. Looks like he is totally nfluenced by of which the people used to get excite on seeing the
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his father’s words.It also shows the always silenced train. I hope every people might have a dream of
love of a father. Hope that Sunday might be meaningful travelling in train those days. The introduction of train
to both of them. was a milestone in Indian Traveler’s history. They made
Exercise – 5: journeys faster and pleasant.
This picture is a theatre hall. Seems like a boring Exercise – 10:
movie. Many seats remain empty. Children had started This picture depicts Love is divine. A boy sharing
playing. It might be a hot summer. That’s why people his food with a duck is really beautiful. The duck seems
had Children had started playing. It might be a hot to be surprised by the share. The boy might have got a
ummer. That’s why people had come to enjoy the AC, habit of sharing. He might have passed through that
by the name of that boring movie. The attitude of the river where he saw the duck. And so, he shared his food
person who is talking over phone add fuel to my with the duck. Animals should also be loved. They are
assumption. The movie may appear better to them than also a part of this world.
the corching sun. Exercise – 11:
Exercise – 6: This is an overwhelming stadium with all sorts of
This seems like a farm house. It must be left people.This will be an emotional bundle. People will be
uncared. It must be left uncared. The people who roaring for their team. Some people might have crossed
enjoyed their life here might have grown old. I hope seas to support their team. Their voice will be a greater
they are not left out like this old house. They must be boost to the players. They will get motivated with their
nature lovers. The style of this house made me to think claps. But it seems like the match will be called off.
so. One should worship nature. Taking care of nature Because, the crowd of clouds is as equal as that of the
only can save lives of our grandchildren. crowd of people.
This picture is highly energetic. This seems to be This image is quite pleasing. I wonder how it feels
group of friends. I guess it is a birthday celebration. living in a floating house..!! This seems like an isolated
Nothing matches the joy you get, when you are with island. The people will surely use boats to move around.
your friends. The birthday buddy will remember this till Surrounded by water they need to be careful. The
his end. This moment is purely ecstatic to all of them. children should be taken good care. The homes will be
Everyone should have friends. A friend, who used to be often threatened by nature. Life must be really
with you even at your bad times, is the reason behind interesting.
your survival. Exercise – 13:
Exercise – 8: This picture is the climax of a running race. They
This is the real temple, A place, which opens are about to be the winners. There is not a bigger
everyone’s eye of wisdom. The place, which imparts difference between three of them. But the early bird
discipline too human. As this seems like a nursery, the only can catch the worm. The person who makes the
students should be treated with more love. The children smartest move of all can only win. One needs to work
must be taught with moral. They should teach that God hard in a smarter way to succeed. Of course only one
is One. It is the responsibility of every teacher to mould can be the winner, it does not mean that the remaining
them as great personalities. A single voice of a healthily are losers. You need to understand where you are
brought up person can light the world. lagging. There the game lies.

This seems to be a railway station. This could This image is a riverside view of a village. This
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possibly be a developing town rather than a city. The must be a wealthy village. It might have got beautiful
crowd in it says it all. Otherwise it could be a noon sceneries. A boy is climbing on a coconut tree. He may
time. Because, all the people will be in their working wants to pluck a coconut. He may also be playing hide
places. Many won’t wish to travel in noon time. I guess and seek with his friends. Playing with sands of river is
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people in the station are vendors. They might be busy in definitely a thrill. Only the village people can get it.
their noon chores.
,f;Nfs;tpf;F nfhLf;fg;gl;l gj;jpia ed;F Ghpe;J nfhz;l gpd; Kf;fpakhd Fwpg;Gfis vOjpf;
nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. gj;jpf;F xU gpujhd jiyg;G nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. gpd;G mjpfgl;rkhf 4 cl;jiyg;Gfs;
nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. gpwF nfhLj;j gj;jpia %d;wpy; xU gq;fhf RUf;fp vOjp ,Wjpahf nghUj;jkhd
jiyg;ig vOj Ntz;Lk;.
I. Note making tips :

1. Read the passage twice or thrice (gj;jpia ,uz;L my;yJ %d;W Kiw gb)
2. Get idea of the theme (ika fUj;ij ngw;Wf; nfhs;)
3. Underline the main points (Kf;fpa fUj;Jfis mbf;Nfhbl Ntz;Lk;)
4. Reduce the lengthy sentences (ePs thf;fpaq;fspd; msit Fiwf;f Ntz;Lk;)
5. Write the notes pointwise / using the dasher (fUj;Jfis thpirahfNth my;yJ Nfhbl;L
vOjTk;)
6. Give a suitable title for the passage (me;j gj;jpf;fhd nghWj;jkhd jiyg;igf; nfhLf;fTk;)
II. Summary writing tips :
1. Understand the given paragraph well (nfhLf;fg;gl;l gj;jpia ed;whf Ghpe;J nfhs; Kjy;
gpujpia vOJ ,Wjpahf kpf rhpahd gpujpia (gjpiy) vOJ)
2. Write a rough copy
3. Write finally fair copy
4. Words in the given passage
5. Words in the fair copy
6. Avoid Illustrations and Phrases
7. Use Simple Sentences.
Make notes and the write asummary for the state of Oklahoma. I agreed and went off with the
following passage. preparation immediately.
Model 1 We took a flight to Cherokee and visited a town
During my vacations last May, I had a hard time called Qualla Boundary Surrounded by magnificent
choosing a tour. Flights to Japan, Hong Kong and mountain scenery. With its Oconalufee Indian Village
Australia are just too common. What I wanted was reproducing tribal crafts and lifestyles of the 18th
somewhere exciting and exotic. I was so happy when century, Qualla Boundary tries to present a brief image
my wife suggested a trip to Cherokee, a county in the of the Cherokee past to the tourists.
Despite the language barrier, we managed to find Fair Copy Memorable Visit
our way to the souvenir shops with the help of the We visited Qualla Boundary, a town in Cherokee.
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natives. The shops are filled with rubber tomahawks The mountain scenery surrounding the town was a
and colorful traditional war bonnets, made of dyed breathtaking sight. The traditional lifestyle of the
turkey feathers. “Welcome! Want to get anythins?” We Indians, the tribal crafts they made, presented to tourists
looked up and saw a middle-aged man smiling at us. a rough image of Cherokee in the 18th century. We also
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We were very surprised by his fluent English. He visited the souvenir shops which sold rubber
introduced himself as George and we ended up chatting tomahawks and war bonnets. There we befriended a
till lunch time when he invited us for lunch at a nearby local, George, who told us that besides trade, they had
coffee shop. other ways to earn money. Finally, we visited the
“sometimes, I’ve to work from morning to sunset town’s museum where different kinds of arts, like
during the tour season. Anyway, this is still better off handwoven haskets and carved figurines are displayed.
than being a woodcutter …” Remembrance weighed Model 2
heavy on George’s mind and he went on to tell us that As what geographers have estimated, about twenty
he used to cut firewood for a living but could hardly percent of the earth’s surface is occupied by deserts. A
make ends meet. We learnt from him that the Cherokees majority of us view deserts as oe unique knid of
do not depend solely on trade for survival. landscape – areas with little rainfalls.
Our final stop in Qulla Boundary was at the In actual fact, there are differences between the
museum where arts, ranging from the simple hand- deserts, though in varying degrees. Despite the fact that
woven oak baskets to wood and stone carvings of rainfall is minimal, temperatures do change in deserts,
wolves, ravens and other symbols of Cherokee ranging from seasonal ones to daily changes where
cosmology are displayed. extreme hotness and coldness are experienced in the day
Back at home, I really missed the place and I would and night.
of course look forward to the next trip to another exotic Unfavourable conditions in the deserts, especially
place. the lack of water, have discouraged many living things
Answer: from inhabiting these landscapes. One such kind is the
Note making: specialist annual plants which overcome seasonal
Decided on Cherokee for their tour temperature changes with their extremely short, active
The scenery was breathtaking life cycles. Their flowers bloom and set seeds that ripen
Tribal crafts quickly in the hot sun too. Once the water runs dry, the
Visited souvenir shop mother plant dies, leaving behind the drought-resistant
Befriended a local George seeds, waiting patiently for the next rainy season to
Visited town’s museum arrive.
Rough draft The Cacti, a native in American deserts, adapts to
We visited Qualla Boundary, a town in Cherokee. the dry surroundings by having unique body structures.
The mountain scenery surrounding the town was a The plant has swollen to help store water that carries it
breathtaking sight. The traditional lifestyle of the through months. By having sharp pines instead of
Indians, the tribal crafts they made, presented to tourists leaves, water loss through respiration is minimized.
a rough image of Cherokee in the 18th century. We also Besides plants, there are also animals with distinct
visited the souvenir shops which sold rubber surviving tatics in deserts too. For instance, Skinks
tomahawks and war bonnets. There we befriended a (desert lizards) producing water to supplement their
local, George, who told us that besides trade, they had needs, just like what camels do with the stroed food in
other ways to earn money. Finally, we visited the their humps during long journeys through deserts, it
town’s museum where different kinds of arts, like keep fat in its tail. It generates water from the fats.
handwoven baskets and carved figurines are displayed. Antelopes like the addax, have very low water needs
and hence are able to tolerate the conditions in deserts, Make notes and wrote summary of the following
extracting moisture from the food they eat. passages:
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Finally, there are the sandgrouse (desert birds) 1. Communication is part of our everyday life. We
which do not have special features to overcome the greet one another, smile or frown, depending on our
drought-like nature in deserts. Hence, to survive in these moods. Animals too, communicate, much to our
hot, dry deserts, they need to spend a large part of their surprise. Just like us, interaction among animals can
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time flying in search of waterholes. be both verbal and non-verbal.
Note making Singing is one way in which animals can
Deserts have plants and animals interact with one another. These songs are usually
Specialist annual plants – short life cycles rich in notes variations, encoding various kinds of
Cacti adapts to the dry weather – swollen stems, pine messages. Songs are also used to warn and keep off
like leaves Skinks a desert lizard – generate water from other blackbirds form their territory, usually a place
fats Antelopes requires very little water Sandgrouse where they dwell and reproduce. Large mammals in
moves to waterholes the oceans sing too, according to adventurous
Rough draft sailors. Enormous whales groan and grunt while
Despite the dry conditions in the deserts, some smaller dolphins and porpoises produce pings,
plants and animals still manage to survive there. One of whistles and clicks. These sounds are surprisingly
them is the specialist annual plants. Their short life received by other mates a far as several hundred
cycles allow them to germinate, grow and produce kilometers away.
seeds during short rainy seasons. The Cacti adapts to the Besides singing, body language also form a
dry weather by having swollen stems for water storage large part of animals communication tactics.
and pine like leaves to minimize water loss through Dominant hyenas exhibit their power by raising the
respiration. Skinks, desert lizard generate water from fur hackles on their necks and shoulders, while the
stored fats in their tails and antelopes which requires submissive ones normally “surrender” to the
very little water, survives in deserts by extracting water powerful parties by crouching their heads low and
from food they eat. Finally, sandgrouse with no curling their lips a little, revealing their teeth in
adaptive features turns to waterholes constantly for friendly smiles.
help. Colours, which are most conspicuously found
Fair copy on animals are also important means of interaction
Despite the dry conditions in the deserts, some among animals. Male birds of paradise, which have
plants and animals still manage to suvive there. One of the gaudiest colored feathers often hang themselves
them is the specialist annual plants. Their short life upside down from branches, among fluffing
cycles allow them to germinate, grow and produce plumes, displaying proudly their feathers, attracting
seeds during short rainy seasons. The Cacti adapts to the the opposite sex.
dry weather by having swollen stems for water storage Insects such as the wasps, armed with
and pine like leaves to minimize water loss through poisonous bites or stings, normally have brightly
respiration. Skinks, desert lizard generate water from painted bodies to remind other predators of their
stored fats in their tails and antelopes which requires power. Hoverflies and other harmless insects also
very little water, survives in deserts by extracting water make use of this fact and colored their bodies
from food they eat. Finally, sandgrouse with no brightly in attempts to fool their predators in to
adaptive features turns to waterholes constantly for thinking that they are as dangerous and harmful as
help. the wasps too.
2. all snakes are hunters and predators, feeding on the 3. Bombay is often regarded as India’s Capital of
animals and sometimes their eggs. Having no limbs Hope. Often wondering why this is so, I mate a
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snakes cannot hold their preys down to bite; hene furuitful trip down to the busy city, solving most of
they usually swallow them whole. Poisonous my queries. Bombay consists of seven islands,
snakes sometimes immobilizethier preys with their joined by land reclamation. Many Indians,
venom to make consumption easier. especially those from the rural areas, regard
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Most poisonous snakes are conspicuously Bombay as their paradise, since they could find
coloured to warn others off. One example is the work relatively easily here, as compared to their
redheaded krait which has a bluish-black body and homelands.
scarlet head and tail. Snakes like the cobras, which Being the pillar for revenue collection,
have less outstanding body colors, display their Bombay’s economic growth has far outperformed
fatality by lifting the front part of their body and the other cities. In fact, its per capita production of
spreading their hoods. goods and servies is about three times greater than
Is their venom so deadly? In general, there are that of Delhi – India’s second most prosperous city.
three kinds of poisons in the venom, though in Despite the economic boom, Bombay gives me an
varying amounts, depending on the type of snake in astonishing image of deterioration when I first
question. Venoms usually contain susbstances that stepped into the city.
weaken the blood corpuseles and the lining of the Though unemployment is not a significant
blood vessels. Profuse bleeding, often a common problem in Bombay, housing is. A visit in Dharavi,
result of snakebites, is caused by the anitcoagulants a slum area in Bombay will help clarify our
present in the poison which prevents blood clotting. imagination. The Bobmayites’ so called “houses”
The paralysis of the heart and respiratory muscles is are actually movable shacks, built from unwanted
performed by the nervous system attacking toxins. bits of tarpaulin, tin and cardboard. Curious about
Though these bites are deadly, certain actions the living conditions. I wondered around the maze,
can be taken to slow down the spread of the venom, meeting groups of scantily clad kids and hungry,
hence saving the victim’s life. Attempting to cut stray dogs. Popping myinquistive head into one of
open and suck at the spot of the bite is more likely the small huts, I was totally amazed by their living
to be harmful than a cure. The poisonous venom conditions. Estimating about twelve or more
usually travels fast into the body upon being Bombayites living in each hut, these two-storey
released; hence sucking at the mouth of the wound houses are usually partitioned by rough platforms
will not help remove the poison, rather incising the with ceilings no higher than five feet from the
bite may lead the victim to great pain and further ground. Furthermore, these shacks look absolutely
profuse bleeding. Instead, a broad, firm cloth bare – no furniture and I deduced that the
bandage should be applied over the wound and up inhabitants eat and sleep on the ground.
the full limb to compress the tissues and prevent the In spite of poor living conditions, many Indians
spread of the venom. After which, the victim must still hope to migrate to Bombay. Interviewing a few
be duly sent to the hospital for professional of the newcomers, a majority of them said that they
treatment. came to Bombay to find jobs. There are some who
regard Bombay as buoyant floats, saving them from
natural disasters and tyrannies in their homelands.
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Some common errors are given below in the should be used as the subject in III person
sentences that follow: singular.
1. He is an University Professor. Ans : The Minister with his secretaries has
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The error, here, is ‘an’, ‘a’ should be used come.
before University, Universal, Useful, Unique, 10. Five hundred rupees are a big sum.
European and one. The amount is always singular
Ans : He is a University Professor. Ans : Five hundred rupees is a big sum
2. He is a M.A. graduate. 11. He gave me a ten rupees note.
Here an should be used before M.A. M.Sc, Rupees should not come.
M.L.A., M.P., etc. Ans : He gave me a ten rupee note.
Ans : He is ‘an’ M.A. graduate. 12. Cauvery is a holy river.
3. Ramesh is inferior than Raghu. Name of famous places such as rivers
Here ‘than’ is the error. The words inferior, mountains and buildings, are preceded by ‘the’
superior, junior, senior, prefer, prior and elder Ans : The Cauvery is a holy river.
are followed by ‘to’ not ‘than’ 13. If you had come to me, I would help you :
Ans : Ramesh is inferior to Raghu. The if clause has the past perfect tense. So the
4. He is one of the tallest boy in the class. main clause should have would + have + pp
Here ‘boy’ is wrong. ‘one of the’ should be Ans : If you had come to me, I would have
followed by a plural noun. helped you.
Ans : He is one of the tallest boys in the class 14. Though he came late but he was allowed.
5. The price of fruits are high. In complex sentences the co-ordinating
Here the actual subject is the price but not conjunctions cannot be used.
fruits. So the erb should be ‘is’ Ans : Though he came late, he was allowed.
Ans : The price of fruits is high. In compound sentences the sub-ordinating
6. Physics are my favourite subject. conjunctions cannot be used.
Here ‘are’ is an error. Physics is singular. Ans : He came late but he was allowed.
Hence ‘is’ should be used. 15. He, I and you are going to the market.
Mathematics, Economics, Physics, Billiards etc The order of pronouns, is wrong. At first
are followed by singular verb. second person (You) should come, then third
Ans : Physics is my favorite subject. person (He, She, It) should come and finally
7. Each one of the girls are responsible. first person (I, We) should come.
Here the error is ‘are’ Each Either, Every, Ans : You, he and I are going to the market.
Neither, should be followed by a singular verb. 16. I want to know why did you come late.
Ans : Each one of the girls is responsible. The sentence is assertive. (indirect speech)
8. Many a boys have done so. Ans : I want to know why you came late.
Many a should be followed by a singular noun 17. He bought some stationeries.
and singular verb. Some words are collective noun and there is no
Ans : Many a boy has done so. plural for them.
9. The Minister with his secretaries have come. Ex : Cattle, furniture, stationery, information,
Here, the Minister is the actual subject. Any sheep, aircraft.
singular subject joined to a plural word by Ans : He bought some stationery.
‘with’ will take a singular verb. Here ‘has’
18. He asked me why I am crying. Ans : Hema is taller than any other girl in the
Tense form should be the same. class.
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Ans : He asked me why I was crying. 25. That man is sleeping below the tree.
19. He asked me that when I returned home. The preposition ‘under’ must be used, not
It is the Interrogative form of indirect speech. below.
‘that’ should be removed. Ans : That man is sleeping under the tree.
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Ans : He asked me when I returned home. 26. If you run fast, you would catch the bus.
20. Ram is taller than many other boy in the According to probable condition. If clause must
class. have present simple and Main clause must
Many other should be followed by plural. have simple future tense.
Ans : Ram is taller than many other boy in the Ans : If you run fast, you will catch the bus.
class. 27. He has a liking of story books.
21. Ramu and Somu fought among themselves. ‘liking’ should be followed by ‘for’ not ‘of’
When two nouns are given, the preposition Ans : He has liking for story books.
‘between’ should be used. ‘among’ is used for 28. He referred the dictionary.
more than two nouns. The word ‘refer’ should be followed by ‘to’
Ans : Ramu and Somu fought between Ans : He referred to the dictionary.
themselves. 29. Preposition ‘between’ should be used for
22. I have met him yesterday. only two people/thing. ‘among’ should be
‘Yesterday’ denotes past tense. Present Perfect used/three thing and more than that.
Tense should not be used. Ex : The sweets are distributed among the five
Ans : I met him yesterday. children.
23. I want your advise. Ans : There is a quarrel between brother and
Advise is a verb. The noun form is advice sister.
Ans : I want your advice. 30. Beside – by the side of / Besides – In addition
24. Hema is taller than any other girls in the is
class. Ex : I am sitting beside my friend.
In the comparative degree, any other should be Ans : Besides a scooter, Nimmy has a car.
followed by singular noun.
Error Answers :
Read the following sentences, spot the erros and 1. his noble deeds 4. hoped for
rewrite the sentences correctly. 2. meal 5. suffering from
1. My grandfather is well-known in the village for his 3. in his 6. dream career
nobel deeds.
2. I had my evening meals in a restaurant near my
office.
Look at the following, spot the error and correct
3. The Boss had full confidence on his Manager for
them
successful completion of the project.
1. Two and two make four.
4. After the complicated surgery, the patient hoped of
Ans : Two and two makes four.
complete recovery.
2. Shyam is clever than any other boys in the
5. The new health care scheme announced by the
class.
Government will bring relief to the children
Ans : Shyam is cleverer than any other boy
suffering with acute tuberculosis.
in the class.
6. In spite of his poverty and set backs, he was able to
launch his dream carrier.
3. To be healthy, one should put an end for 16. Yesterday evening our servant complained
smoking. that he had a pain in the chest.
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Ans : To be healthy one should put an end to Ans : Last evening our servant complained
smoke. that he had a pain in the chest.
4. As soon as I saw the snake, I ran away at 17. My typist and clerk are on leave.
once. Ans : My typist and clerk is on leave.
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Ans : As soon as I saw the snake, I ran away. 18. Neither of his two sons are hard working.
5. Between Radhika and Kamala, Radhika is the Ans : Neither of his two sons is hard
tallest. working.
Ans : Between Radhika and Kamala, 19. The rose is smelling sweet.
Radhika is the taller. Ans : The rose smells sweet.
6. Both the girls divided the chocolates among 20. I prefer tea than coffee.
themselves. Ans : I prefer tea to coffee.
Ans : Both the girls divided the chocolates 21. When does your father return back from
between themselves. Mumbai?
7. I and my brother went to the theratre. Ans : When does your father return from
Ans : My brother and I went to the theatre. Mumba i?
8. Cauvery is the major river in south India. 22. Don’t walk in the bot sun beam footed.
Ans : The Cauvery is the major river in Ans : Don’t walk in the hot sun bare footed.
South India. 23. Though Ram is rich but he is miser.
9. Our school is one of the best school in Ans : Ram is rich but he is miser.
Madurai. 24. A bunch of keys were found in the street.
Ans : Our school is one of the best schools in Ans : A bunch of keys was found in the
Madurai. street.
10. I have been working in this office since 5 25. The pen is more mighty than the sword.
years. Ans : The pen is mightier than the sword.
Ans : I have been working in this office for 5 26. We go to the temple to pray.
years. Ans : We go to temple to pray.
11. The shopkeeper said that he had no changes 27. Between the two singers, the former did not
for a five hundred rupees note. impress me as the later.
Ans : The shopkeeper said that he had no Ans : Between the two singers, the former
changes for a five hundred rupee note. did not impress me as the latter.
12. Balachander is both producer as well as a 28. If Rama had worked hard, she would pass.
director. Ans : If Rama had worked hard, she would
Ans : Balachander is both a producer and a have passed.
director. 29. If I am rich I would certainly help all.
13. No sooner I saw my teacher than I greeted Ans : If I were rich, I would certainly help
him. all.
Ans : No sooner did I see my teacher than I 30. My daughter has a good command in the
greeted him. English language.
14. There are a lot of furniture in this room. Ans : My daughter has a good command over
Ans : There is a lot of furniture in this room the English language.
15. Barking dogs seldom bites 31. I use to take long walks in the mornings.
Ans : Barking dogs seldom bite. Ans : I used to take long walks in the
mornings.
32. I usually have my night meal at nine p.m. Ans : How do you go to school – on foot?
Ans : I usually have my supper at nine p.m. 35. Those who does not listen to their teachers
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33. Two birds are sitting above the tree. can’t get high marks.
Ans : Two birds are sitting on the tree. Ans : Those who do not listen to their
34. How do you go to school – by walk? teachers can’t get high marks.
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PENGUIN Kjy; gf;fj;ijg; ghh;j;J gbj;Jf; nfhs;sTk;.
Answer the following in a paragraph of about 150 words, by developing the hints.
 nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s ,uz;L tpdhf;fspypUe;J VNjDk; xU tpdhtpw;F tpilaspf;fTk;
 ,jw;F Penguin Supplementary gFjpapYs;s gj;jp tpdh tpilfis ed;F gbj;J nfhs;sTk;.
Read the following passage and answer in your own words the questions given below:
1. Rainbows are often seen when the sun comes out after or during a rainstorm. Rainbows are caused when sunlight
shines through drops of water in the sky at specific angles. When white sunlight enters a raindrop, it exits the raindrop a
different color. When light exits lots of different raindrops at different angles, it produces the red, orange, yellow, green,
blue, indigo, and violet that you see in a rainbow. Together, these colors are known as the spectrum. These colors can
sometimes be seen in waterfalls and fountains as well.Did you know that there are double rainbows? In a double
rainbow, light reflects twice inside water droplets and forms two arcs. In most double rainbows, the colors of the top arc
are opposite from those in the bottom arc. In other words, the order of colors starts with purple on top and ends with the
red on bottom. In addition, rainbows sometimes appear as white arcs at night. These rainbows are called moonbows and
are so rare that very few people will ever see one. Moonbows are caused by moonlight (rather than sunlight) shining
through drops of water.
Questions Answers
1. When is the rainbow seen? 1. Rainbows are seen when the sun comes out after or
during a rain storm.
2. What happens when sunlight enters different 2. When sunlight enters the raindrop, it exits from raindrop
raindrops? with different colour.
3. What is a double rainbow? 3. In sometimes, light reflects twice inside water droplets
and forms two arcs. This is called double rainbow.
4. List the colours present in rainbow. 4. Violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange and red.
5. How are moonbows caused? 5. The rainbow may appear as white arcs in night, they are
called as moon.
2. The Civil War was waged because 11 southern states succeeded (broke away and started their own government) from
the Union and formed the Confederate States of America. The succession took place primarily because of a long-
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standing debate concerning states rights, and more specifically the issue of slavery. As new territories became states,
opponents of slavery and advocates of slavery often clashed over whether or not that state should allow slavery. After
violence broke out in Kansas over the issue, and after Kansas entered the Union as a free state, southerners began to
believe that the new president, Abraham Lincoln would take away their rights to make local decisions and would abolish
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slavery. Henceforth, Virginia, North and South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Tennessee, Mississippi, Louisiana,
Texas and Arkansas broke away from the Union and formed the Confederate States of America. Richmond, Virginia was
made its capital and Jefferson Davis was made president. Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware and Missouri were divided on
the issue and were declared “border states”. On April 14, 1861, Congress declared war on the Confederate States of
America for the purposes of preserving the Union.The first shots of the Civil War were fired April 12, 1861 at Fort
Sumter, South Carolina. Although there we no deaths reported that day, the shots at Fort Sumter signified the start of a
long, bloody war that he would become the most deadly in the history of the United States. Many major battles such as
Bull Run I and II, Antietam and Shiloh, among others, claimed tens of thousands of lives on both sides in 1861 and 1862.
Neither the Union or the Confederacy had the upper hand
Questions Answers
1. Why was the civil war waged? 1. The Civil war was waged because 11 Southern states
Succeeded from the union and formed the confederate state
of America
2. What was the reason for which opponents of 2. As new territories became states, opponents of slavery
slavery and advocates of slavery clashed upon? and advocates of slavery often clashed over whether or not
that state should allow slavery.
3. Which were the cities and which broke from the 3. Virginia, North and south Carolina, Georgia, Florida,
union? Alabama, Tenesse, Mississipi, Lousiana, Texas and Arkan-
sas broke away from the union.
4. What happened on April 14, 1861? 4. On April 14, 1861, Congress declared war on the
confederate state of America. The first State of the civil war
were fired April 12, 1861 at fort Sumter, South Carolina.
5. Give a suitable title for this passage. 5. The ‘Civill war’ will be suitable title for this passage.
3. Mars, commonly referred to as “the red planet,” is the fourth planet from the sun. Its reddish color comes from the
high amounts of iron oxide on its surface. Mars has surface features similar to those found on the moon and on Earth. It
has mountain ranges, volcanic fields, valleys, ice caps, canyons and deserts. It has numerous impact craters including
one, discovered in 2008, that measures more than 6,000 miles in length and nearly 5,000 miles in width. It is, by far, the
largest impact crater ever discovered. Mars is also home to Olympus Mons, the highest discovered mountain in the solar
system. A person standing on the surface of Mars (in any location in which the mountain was visible) would have no
chance of viewing the top. With the peak at 88,600 feet, Olympus Mons is about three times as high as Mount Everest,
the highest peak on Earth. Mars’ Valles Marineris is the solar system’s largest canyon, measuring more than seven miles
deep.
Questions Answers
1. What is the other name for mars? 1. The Planet mars is the second smallest planet.
2. What is the place of Mars from sun? 2. It takes nearly 2 years to orbit round the sun.
3. Name the highest mountain in Mars? 3. Gravity on Mars’ surface is much lower than the Earth.
4. What is the hight of the peak? 4. Distance from Sun: 227,900,000 km. Distance to Earth:
225,300,000km
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5. Which is the largest canyon in solar system? 5. It has mountain ranges, Volcanic fields, Valleys, ice caps,
canyons and deserts
4. America’s population was booming and spreading west in the early 1800’s. Westward expansion came mostly at the
expense of the Indians who were often forced to move from their native lands. In the state of Georgia, the population
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increased 600 percent in the matter of 40 years. As a result, many of its native tribes were pushed out. The Cherokee
Indians, of western Georgia, had managed to keep their land until gold was discovered in their territory in 1828. In 1830,
however, president Andrew Jackson authorized the Indian Removal Act. The Cherokees fought the law, and it was
overturned by Chief Justice John Marshall two years later.Just three years later, however, in 1835, the Treaty of New
Echota was signed. The “Treaty” was not authorized by the Cherokee Nation, but rather, a small group of Cherokee
radicals led by John Ridge. Under the “Treaty”, the Cherokee were to leave Georgia and the government would
compensate them at a price determined to be about 5 percent of the value of the land. The majority of the Cherokee
Nation would never had agreed to the “Treaty”, but the U.S. government ratified it anyway. John Ridge was thus seen as
a traitor by the Cherokees - and would later pay with his life. The Georgia government then staged a “land lottery” in
which Cherokee land was divided into 160 equal portions. They were sold to anyone who had $4.00 and who had won a
chance to own land
Questions Answers
1. In which year was the American popula1 tion 1. The American Population Was booming in the early
booming? 1800’s
2. Write about westward expansion. 2. Westward expansion came mostly at the expense of
the Indians who were often, forced to more from their
native lands.
3. Who were the Cherokee Indians? 3. The Cheker Indians are the group of people who
belong to western Georgia
4. Who became traitor later? 4. Joun Ridge became the traitor later.
5. At what price where they sold? 5. They were sold to anyone who had 4.00 and who had
won a chance to own land.
5. It is not the pride or incivility on either side that keeps us remote from each other. It is simply our London way. People
are so plentiful that they lose their identity… In London men are as lonely as Oysters, each living in his own shell. We
go out in the country to find neighbours. If the man next door took a cottage a mile away from me in country, I should
probably know all about him, his affairs, his family, his calling and his habits inside a week. This is not always so ideal
as it seems. Village life can be poisoned the neighbours until the victim finds for the solitude of a London street, where
neighbours are so plentiful that you are no more conscious of their individual existence than if they were black berries on
a hedge row.
Questions Answers
1. What keeps people in London remote from each 1. The Simple London way keeps people in London remote
other? from each other.
2. How are men described? Why? 2. Men are described as Oysters, because each live in their
own shell.
3. Why do we seek country life? 3. We seek country life to find neighbour.
4. What is the disadvantage of village life? 4. Village life can be passioned the neighbours until the
victim finds for the solitude of a London Street, Where
neighbours are so plentiful that you are no more conscious of

their individual existence than if they were black berries on a
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hedge row.
5. What can you say in the context about our 5. People in London won’t be happy if there were so ideal.
interaction with our neighbours the lifestyle in our No One will help if they lose their identity.
country?
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You Were There You were there to lend our heart
When tears fell from my eyes When I felt like no one could understand
You were there to brush them away You were there to take my hand
When I was lost in confusion When no one else was left my hand
You were there to say that everything would be okay When no one else was left to care
When I stood before you falling apart You were there - Emily Robinson
In this poem authoress Emily Robinson tells about They try to erase the memories
her_________. Her friend was there to ______the tears But can't erase the marks
and make her to feel better when she was in _______. They cut me open
When she had no one_______ her friend was there to And left me with the scars
give her heart and she gave her ______ when no one They left me with the bandage
understood the poetess. But took away my heart. - Betty Bruner.
Answer: 1.best friend 2. Wipe out 3. Confusion 4. To The author Betty Bruner tells that his dear
take care 5. support ones____ him in his bad situations. They took his
I. Time Will Pass family _____ him and made him to cry. They _____ to
Life is something you cannot fake erase all his marks but they can't. They ______ and
You live and learn from each mistake finally they ______his heart.
Sunny days or cloudy skies III. Perfection
Happy Greetings or Sad Goodbyes Water pouring down around me,
So don't sit by and let time pass Music to my ears,
For live each day like your last Washing my worries away.
This is something that you must do Lightning shooting out from the clouds, nature's
if you expect to grow and stick it through fireworks they say.
All the sadness all the pain wash Thunder pounding, Making my heart beat fast, the rush.
it away like the rain. The feeling is incomprehensible, compli cated, and
Fast or slow whatever your pace sweet. Perfect... - Laura.
take your time life is not a race. - Janelle In this poem the poetess Laura expressing her
The Author Janelle tells that we cannot make our feelings. It ______ and it seems to give _______ to her
_______. We are _______ from our _________. Even ears. That _________ away. Lightning in the sky is like
whether it maybe summer or winter, don't get upset. We a _____________ and thunder made her heartbeat
________ everyday like our last day. If we want to faster. This _________ her perfect.
become as our wish we should _________. IV. My Drug change
II. They Leave Me Heartbroken It's a whole new day
They Leave Me Heartbroken the past is gone
They taken away my family mistakes or mistakes
They tear us all apart let's move along
Changes will come makes you feel saturated.

at least I hope By 2020 India will have
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no more drama to live with the largest population of literates
no more weed or dope By 2040 India will have
I'm no longer no one Large number of brilliant people like Bill Gates.
I put my drugs aside -By S.Raghul
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my life as changed In this poem author ________ the importance of
I gained my pride education. Anyone can without be name or
I can walk down the street identification but no one _______ education. It's
feeling good about me important in everybody's life but without it life will be
difficult. Spending money unnecessarily _______ to
I'm prouder ever
unsaturated but ______ for education will surely make
thank god I'm free. -Trey Michael
________ saturated. In the upcoming years India will
In his young age the author Trey Michael wrote this
increase in its percentage of literacy.
poem. He started a new life _________ his bad habits.
VII. The Meditation
He tells that the _________. and start a new life. Here
It helps you when you are tired.
after he won't _________ any one. He was feeling It gives you all that you desire.
_________ himself and he thanks God for ______. It gives you a valuable treasure
V. AEROPLANE Which takes off your pressure.
Oh! What a wonder in the sky! It is meditation
It is an aeroplane flying so high! Which gives you perfection ...
I am faster than any other transport! Which takes your tension ...?
I hold and rest in the airports. Which helps your life's extent+ion ...?
I fly above the mountains and oceans! Do the meditation with peace
I safely drop my passengers in their destination. In the middle of the forest trees
I am a feast to your eyes as a twinkling star. with a gentle breeze
People come with me to travel fast and far. with a mat at the bottom
-By V.Mirnal with the design of the trees in the autumn...
The author Mirnal ________ the aeroplane. It -By Shashank
makes him ________ and it fly so high and ________ In this poem the author Shashank explains that
others. It _________ the mountains and oceans and meditation ________ when we _______ and fulfills our
make the passengers________ comfortable and safe. It desire. It ________ our pressure and increases our life
drops them in their destination. It was like a twinkling time. We _________ it in a peaceful place like in the
star to our eyes. middle of the forest with _________.
VIII. BUTTERFLY
VI. EDUCATION
If I were a butterfly
Education cannot be spelt
I would colour the sky.
Without U and I.
If I were a flower
Man can be without name
I would fill the air with my fragrance.
But can not be without education
If I were a dragon
No one can come to a conclusion
I would hide the moon.
Without education
As Im a child,
Education is every one's right.
I (had) better go of eight. -By Sri Gayathiri.
It cannot be stopped with light.
In this poem the poetess said that, if she were a
Education is the important part of life.
________ she would ________ and if she were a
But without education, it will be a difficult life.
flower. She would fill the _______ in the air. If she
Spending money for Party
were a dragon She ________ the moon. But now she
Makes you feel unsaturated
was only an _________ child.
Spending money for education
IX. Never Look Back of dishes made her to _______. Her parents may eat
Never look back at your past, poached egg ________ and have strong coffee.
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The past is the past, ANSWERS:
and nothing at last, I. 1. life fake 2. learning
Look into the future, 3. each mistake 4. have to live 5. keep going
for what you might see. II. 1. left 2. bad situations
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is you and me forever. -Christina Rence Donnal. 3. away from 4. tried to 5. took away
This poem ________ that no one should ______ III. 1. was raining 2. music
their past. But it _______. We should ________ our 3. washed her worries 4. nature’s fire work
future because future is only we _______. 5. feeling made
X. EVERY DAY IV. 1. after withdrawn 2. the past is gone
Every day my father 3. depend on 4. proud about
Got out of bed at five 5. god
And my mother – up before him – V. 1. tells about 2. to wonder
Had his breakfast waiting. 3. faster than 4. flies above 5. to feel
Their quiet breakfast voices VI. 1. tells about 2. can be without
And the clinking of their dishes 3. makes us 4. spending it 5. feel us
Were carried on the stillness VII. 1. will help us 2. got tired
To the darkness of my room. 3. takes off 4. have to do
They ate poached egg on toast 5. more concentration
And drank their coffee strong and black. VIII. 1. butterfly 2. color the sky
-Rich Accetta – Evan 3. sweet fragrance 4. may hide 5. eight years
In this poem the poetess explains our ________. IX. 1. reveals that 2. worry about
She said that her father ______ at five and her mother 3. has gone 4. only think about
before him and she prepared her breakfast earlier. The 5. our hands
whispering sounds _________ breakfast and the sounds X. 1. everyday life 2. got up
3. during having 4. wake up 5. on toast
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9th English Full Guide Penguin Guide - Reduced Syllabus

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Unit LESSON PAGE NO.

Unit LESSON PAGE NO.

Q. No. TOPIC MARKS PAGE NO.

28 Road Map 2 181

Rampaging through the heavens

Faster than a cheetah

The outer ice is melting

PENGUIN 1 REDUCED SYLLABUS - IX - ENGLISH

PENGUIN 2 REDUCED SYLLABUS - IX - ENGLISH

Tendulkar at field Tendulkar shares Tendulkar Leadership qualities

Shares his scret of Virutues of true Tendulkar with his

PENGUIN 3 REDUCED SYLLABUS - IX - ENGLISH

His father and brother Ajith Sachin had undergone many

PENGUIN 4 REDUCED SYLLABUS - IX - ENGLISH

PENGUIN 5 REDUCED SYLLABUS - IX - ENGLISH

PENGUIN 6 REDUCED SYLLABUS - IX - ENGLISH

PENGUIN 7 REDUCED SYLLABUS - IX - ENGLISH

PENGUIN 8 REDUCED SYLLABUS - IX - ENGLISH

Word Meaning Word Meaning

nuances (n) - subtle changes in or shades of pursue (v) - follow or chase

PENGUIN 9 REDUCED SYLLABUS - IX - ENGLISH

embarrassment - a feeling of selfconscious, shame melee (n) - a confused crowd of people

ultimately (adv.) - being the best or most extreme

Word Synonyms Word Synonyms

CHOOSE THE BEST SYNONYMS a) beginning b) end

PENGUIN 10 REDUCED SYLLABUS - IX - ENGLISH

4. I was really serious about playing cricket. a) filled b) close

Word Antonyms Word Antonyms

CHOOSE THE BEST ANTONYMS 3. Sir agreed.

PENGUIN 11 REDUCED SYLLABUS - IX - ENGLISH

1. What was coach Achrekar's first impression on Sachin?

PENGUIN 12 REDUCED SYLLABUS - IX - ENGLISH

1. Who were Sachin’s favourite players?

PENGUIN 13 REDUCED SYLLABUS - IX - ENGLISH

6. Where was the summer camp take place?

PENGUIN 14 REDUCED SYLLABUS - IX - ENGLISH

PENGUIN 15 REDUCED SYLLABUS - IX - ENGLISH

Lesson : Learning the Game

PENGUIN 16 REDUCED SYLLABUS - IX - ENGLISH

 At the age of 11, Sachin was introduced to the coach, Achrekar.

PENGUIN 17 REDUCED SYLLABUS - IX - ENGLISH

PENGUIN 18 REDUCED SYLLABUS - IX - ENGLISH

Get into groups of four. Each group will choose XXX

PENGUIN 19 REDUCED SYLLABUS - IX - ENGLISH

Best in her career : No.4 in NEWSPAPER ARTICLE

PENGUIN 20 REDUCED SYLLABUS - IX - ENGLISH

PENGUIN 21 REDUCED SYLLABUS - IX - ENGLISH

PENGUIN 22 REDUCED SYLLABUS - IX - ENGLISH

Address on the envelope : Leema : I suggest we begin with the storyline

PENGUIN 23 REDUCED SYLLABUS - IX - ENGLISH