Class 12 - Chemistry

Sample Paper 02

Maximum Marks: 35
Time Allowed: 90 minutes

General Instructions:

1. The Question Paper contains three sections.

2. Section A has 25 questions. Attempt any 20 questions.
3. Section B has 24 questions. Attempt any 20 questions.
4. Section C has 6 questions. Attempt any 5 questions.
5. All questions carry equal marks.
6. There is no negative marking.

Section A

1. Type of stoichiometric defect shown by AgBr is

a. Schottky
b. Frenkel
c. Frenkel and Schottky
d. Interstitial
2. The following graph shows:
 a. Depression in freezing point of the solvent
b. Osmotic pressure
c. Elevation in boiling point of the solvent
d. Relative lowering of vapour pressure
3. Which one of the following acts as an antichlor?
a. MnO2
b. KMnO4
c. NaHSO3
d. K2Cr2O7
4. Hydrocarbons having double the number of carbon atoms than present
in the original alkyl halide are produced by using:
a. Sandmeyer’ reaction
b. Williamson’s synthesis
c. Fittig reaction
d. Wurtz reaction
5. One mole of an organic compound 'A' with the formula C3H8O reacts
completely with two moles of HI to form X and Y. When 'Y' is boiled with
aqueous alkali forms Z. Z answers the iodoform test. The compound 'A'
is ______.
a. methoxyethane
b. ethoxyethane
c. Propan – 2 – o1
d. Propan – 1 – o1
6. Amino acids are components of
a. Vitamins
b. Carbohydrates
c. Lipids
d. Proteins
7. Silicon carbide is an example of
a. Ionic solid
b. Molecular solid
c. Network solid
d. Non - polar solid
8. On dissolving sugar in water at room temperature solution feels cool to
touch. Under which of the following cases dissolution of sugar will be
most rapid?
a. Powdered sugar in cold water.
b. Sugar crystals in hot water.
c. Sugar crystals in cold water.
d. Powdered sugar in hot water.
9. When sugar is treated with conc. Sulphuric acid, the sugar is charred. In
this process, sugar is_____.
a. Oxidised
b. Reduced
c. Dehydrated
d. Sulphonated
10. In which of the following molecules carbon atom marked with an
asterisk (*) is asymmetric?

a.

b.

c.

d.
e. (b), (c), (d)
f. (a), (b), (c)
g. (a), (b), (c), (d)
h. (a), (c), (d)
11. Tetrachloromethane (Carbon tetrachloride) is a:
a. Antiseptic drug
b. Degreasing agent
c. Pesticide
d. Insecticide
12. Reducing sugars are
a. all monosaccharides
b. All of these
c. those carbohydrates which reduce Tollen's reagent
d. those carbohydrates which reduce Fehling’s solution
13. The radius of an ion in a body centred cube of edge a is:
a. 3a4
 b. 2a4
c. a2
d. a
14. Which among the following shows a negative deviation from
Raoult's law?
a. Acetone and chloroform
b. Acetone and benzene
c. Methyl alcohol and water
d. Carbon tetrachloride and chloroform
15. When a colourless gas is passed through the bromine water, it
decolorizes. The gas is:
a. HBr
b. SO2
c. HCl
d. H2S
16. p – Dichlorobenzene has ________ and ________ than those of
o – and m – isomers.
a. higher melting point and lower solubility
b. low melting point and low solubility
c. lower melting point and higher solubility
d. higher melting point and higher solubility
17. Anisole is called
a. Butanyl phenyl ether
b. Methoxybenzene
c. Methoxyphenol
d. Vinegar
18. Which amino acid produces Thyroxine hormone?
a. Proline
b. Arginine
c. Leucine
d. Tyrosine
19. The lattice site in a pure crystal cannot be occupied by ________.
a. ion
b. molecule
c. atom
d. electron
20. Which of the following solutions would have the highest osmotic
pressure:
a. M10Glucose
b. M10BaCl2
c. M10NaCl
 d. M10Urea
21. In qualitative analysis when H2S is passed through an aqueous
solution of salt acidified with dil. HCl, a black precipitate is obtained. On
boiling the precipitate with dil. HNO3, it forms a solution of blue
colour. Addition of an excess of an aqueous solution of ammonia to this
solution gives ________.
a. deep blue solution of [Cu(NH3)4]2+
b. deep blue precipitate of Cu(OH)2
c. deep blue solution of Cu(NO3)2
d. deep blue solution of Cu(OH)2.Cu(NO3)2
22. Arrange the following organic compounds in descending order of
their reactivity towards SN1 reaction
C6H5CH2Br, C6H5CH(C6H5)Br, C6H5CH(CH3)Br, C6H5C(CH3)(C6H5)Br
a. C6H5C(CH3)(C6H5)Br > C6H5CH(C6H5)Br > C6H5CH2Br >
C6H5CH(CH3)Br
b. C6H5C(CH3)(C6H5)Br > C H5CH(CH3)Br > C6H5CH2Br >
3

C6H5CH(C6H5)Br
c. C6H5C(CH3)(C6H5)Br > C6H5CH(C6H )Br > C6H5CH2Br >
2

C6H5CH(CH3)Br
d. C6H5C(CH3)(C6H5)Br > C6H5CH(C6H5)Br > C6H5CH(CH3)Br >
C6H5CH2Br
23. Aldehydes are reduced to the corresponding alcohols by the
addition of hydrogen in the presence of catalysts to form ________.
a. None of these
b. tertiary alcohols
c. primary alcohols
d. secondary alcohols
24. Which of the following is a fibrous protein?
a. Glycoprotein
b. Keratin
c. Proteoses
d. Prolamine

25. is the structure of:

a. Phosphoric acid
b. Phosphorous acid
c. Hypophosphorus acid.
d. Pyrophosphoric acid
 Section B

26. Which of the following is true about the value of refractive index of
quartz glass?
a. Different in different directions
b. Same in all directions
c. Always zero
d. Cannot be measured
27. Which of the following units is useful in relating the concentration
of a solution with its vapour pressure?
a. mole fraction
b. parts per million
c. mass percentage
d. molality
28. D – ribose and 2 – deoxy – D – ribose are
a. vitamins
b. hexose sugars
c. nucleic acids
d. pentose sugars
29. A radioactive element which can decay to give two noble gases is:
a. Ac239
b. U238
c. Ra226
d. Th232
30. CH3 = CH2 CH3 + H – I → CH3 CH2 CH2I + CH3 CHICH3 (major). This
reaction is________.
a. Sandmeyer’s reaction
b. Finkelstein reaction
c. Markovnikov's reaction
d. Free radical halogenations
31. Which compound is used as the cooling liquid in refrigerators?
a. Ozone
b. Ammonia
c. Phosphine
d. Nitrous oxide
32. Which of the following statements is not true about glucose?
a. It does not give 2,4 -DNP test.
b. It is an aldohexose.
c. It is present in furanose form.
d. On heating with HI it forms n-hexane.
33. Which of the following reactions will yield phenol?
 a.

b.

c.

d.
e. i, iii, iv
f. ii, iii, iv
g. i, ii, iii
h. i, ii, iv
34. Solution of hydrogen in palladium is an example of
a. Gas in gas
b. Solid in solid
c. Liquid in gas
d. Gas in solid
35. Which of the following turns lead acetate paper black?
a. H 2S
b. H2SO4
c. SO2
d. SO3
36. Identify the compound Y in the following reaction.

a.

b.
 c.

d.
37. Which of the following conditions favours the existence of a
substance in the solid state?
a. High temperature
b. High thermal energy
c. Low temperature
d. Weak cohesive forces
38. An organic compound containing oxygen, upon oxidation forms a
carboxylic acid as the only organic product with its molecular mass
higher by 14 units. The organic compound is ________.
a. a ketone
b. a primary alcohol
c. an aldehyde
d. a secondary alcohol
39. The total number of tetrahedral voids in the face-centred unit cell
is ________.
a. 6
b. 10
c. 8
d. 12
40. At equilibrium, the rate of dissolution of a solid solute in a volatile
liquid solvent is ________.
a. greater than the rate of crystallisation
b. less than the rate of crystallisation
c. zero
d. equal to the rate of crystallisation
41. A black compound of manganese reacts with a halogen acid to
give greenish-yellow gas. When an excess of this gas reacts with
NH3 an unstable trihalide is formed. In this process the oxidation state of
nitrogen changes from ________.
a. -3 to 0
b. - 3 to +5
c. – 3 to +3
d. 0 to -3
42. An organic compound X is oxidized by using acidified K2Cr2O7.
The product obtained reacts with Phenyl hydrazine but does not answer
the silver mirror test. The possible structure of X is:
a. (CH3)2CHOH
b. None of these
c. CH3CHO
d. CH3CH2OH
43. In a cyclotrimetaphosphoric acid molecule, how many single and
double bonds are present?
a. 3 double bonds; 12 single bonds
b. 3 double bonds; 9 single bonds
c. 6 double bonds; 6 single bonds
d. Zero double bonds; 12 single bonds
44. Glycogen is a branched chain polymer of α-D-glucose units in
which chain is formed by C1-C4 glycosidic linkage whereas branching
occurs by the formation of C1-C6 glycosidic linkage. Structure of
glycogen is similar to ________.
a. Glucose
b. Cellulose
c. Amylopectin
d. Amylose
45. Assertion (A): Although PF5, PCl5 and PBr5 are known, the
pentahalides of nitrogen have not been observed.
Reason (R): Phosphorus has lower electronegativity than nitrogen.
a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.
46. Assertion (A): Tertiary haloalkanes are more reactive than
primary haloalkanes towards elimination reactions.
Reason (R): The +I-effect of the alkyl groups weakens the C-X bond.
a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.
47. Assertion (A): DNA has a double helix structure.
Reason (R): The two strands in a DNA molecule are exactly similar.
a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.
48. Assertion (A): Cl2 gas bleaches the articles permanently.
Reason (R): Cl2 is a strong reducing agent.
a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.
49. Assertion (A): Crystalline solids are anisotropic.
Reason (R): Crystalline solids are not as closely packed as amorphous
solids.
a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.

Section C

50. Which condition is not satisfied by an ideal solution?

a. ΔPmix=0
b. ΔHmix=0
c. ΔVmix=0
d. ΔSmix=0
51. Bromomethane, Chloromethane, Dibromomethane, 1 –
Chloropropane, Isopropyl chloride, 1–Chlorobutane all are:
a. Completely soluble in organic solvents
b. Slightly soluble in organic solvents
c. Insoluble in organic solvents
d. Completely soluble in water
52. Ketones are reduced to the corresponding alcohols by catalytic
hydrogenation to form _________.
a. primary alcohols
b. tertiary alcohols
c. None of these
d. secondary alcohols
e.

f. Question No. 53 to 55 are based on the given text. Read the

text carefully and answer the questions:
g. Interhalogen compounds are formed when halogen group
elements react with each other. These are the compounds which
consist of two or more different elements of group-17. A halogen
with large size and low electronegativity reacts with an element of
 group-17 with small size and high electronegativity. As the ratio of
radius of larger and smaller halogen increases, the number of
atoms in a molecule also increases.
53. The stabilitv or interhalogen compounds follows the order
a. BrF3 > IF3 > ClF3
b. ClF3 > IF3 > BrF3
c. ClF3 > BrF3 > IF3
d. IF3 > BrF3 > ClF3
54. Identify the correct match from the following.
a. [ICI2]- bent
b. ClF3- trigonal planar
c. [BrF4]- -square pyramidal
d. (IF7 - pentagonal bipyramidal
55. In XA5, the central atom has (both X and A are halogens)
a. 6 bond pairs and no lone pairs
b. 4 bond pairs and one lone pair
c. 5 bond pairs and one lone pair
d. 5 bond pairs and no lone pairs

Class 12 - Chemistry
Sample Paper 02

Solution

Section A

1. (c) Frenkel and Schottky

Explanation: AgBr show both Frenkel and Schottky defect.
2. (c) Elevation in boiling point of the solvent
Explanation: This graph is for elevation in boiling point. Boiling point is
the temperature at which vapour pressure of solution becomes equal to
atmospheric pressure.
3. (c) NaHSO3
Explanation: NaHSO3 act as antichlor. Antichlor is a substance used to
decompose residual hypochlorite.
An antichlor is a substance used to remove the excess of chlorine.
Antichlors include sodium bisulfite, potassium bisulfite, sodium
metabisulfite, sodium thiosulfate, and hydrogen peroxide.
4. (d) Wurtz reaction
Explanation: The Wurtz reaction, named after Charles-
 Adolphe Wurtz, is a coupling reaction in organic chemistry,
organometallic chemistry and recently inorganic main group polymers,
whereby two alkyl halides are reacted with sodium metal in dry ethereal
solution to form a higher alkane:
2R - X + 2Na → R - R + 2NaX
5. (a) methoxyethane
Explanation: Ether reacts with HI to form alcohol and alkyl iodide.
Alcohol on oxidation will give the iodoform test.

6. (d) Proteins
Explanation: Proteins are formed by combination of α-amino acids.
7. (c) Network solid
Explanation: SiC has covalent bonding, It is hard and an insulator.
8. (d) Powdered sugar in hot water.
Explanation: Since the solution is cool to touch, the dissolution process
is endothermic. Therefore, high temperature will favour dissolution.
Further, powdered sugar has a large surface area and provide
faster dissolution.
9. (c) Dehydrated
Explanation: Concentrated H2SO4 is a strong dehydrating agent and is
hygroscopic in nature. Many wet gases can be dried by passing them
through H2SO4. So it absorbs water to form a black charry mass of
carbon.
C12H22O11 → 12C + 11H2O
10. (b) (a), (b), (c)
Explanation: Asymmetric/chiral carbon atom is that in which all of its
four valencies with four different groups or atoms (can not be
superimpose). In molecules (i), (ii), and (ii), all have asymmetric carbon
as each carbon has satisfied all four valencies with four different groups
of atoms.
11. (b) Degreasing agent
Explanation: CCl4 was widely used as a cleaning fluid in industry as a
degreasing agent.
12. (b) All of these
Explanation: All those carbohydrates which reduce Fehling’s solution
and Tollens’ reagent are referred to as reducing sugars. All
monosaccharides whether aldose or ketose are reducing sugars.
13. (a) 3a4
Explanation: The length of the body diagonal c is equal to 4r
Therefore, 3a=4r
 a = 4r3
r = 3a4
14. (a) Acetone and chloroform
Explanation: Acetone and chloroform will show a negative deviation
due to their association after mixing.

15. (b) SO2

Explanation: SO2. It is because, bromine water, being a good oxidizing
agent oxidizes SO2 to H2SO4.
SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O → 2HBr + H2SO4
16. (a) higher melting point and lower solubility
Explanation: The para-isomers of dihalobenzenes are high melting as
compared to their ortho- and meta-isomers. It is due to the symmetry of
para-isomers that fits in crystal lattice better as compared to ortho- and
meta-isomers. These compounds have a lower solubility in water but
higher solubility in organic solvents.
17. (b) Methoxybenzene

Explanation:
Anisole, or methoxybenzene, is an organic compound with the formula
CH3OC6H5. It is a colorless liquid with a smell reminiscent of anise seed,
and in fact many of its derivatives are found in natural and artificial
fragrances.
18. (d) Tyrosine
Explanation: Thyroxine produced in the thyroid gland is an iodinated
derivative of amino acid tyrosine
19. (d) electron
Explanation: Each point in a lattice is known as lattice point which is
either atom or molecule or ion which are joined together by a straight
line to bring out the geometry of lattice in pure crystal constituents are
 arranged in fixed stoichiometric ratio. Hence, the existence of free
electrons are not possible in the stoichiometric ratio, it is possible only in
case of imperfection in solid.
20. (b) M10BaCl2
Explanation: M10BaCl2
21. (a) deep blue solution of [Cu(NH3)4]2+
Explanation: Black precipitate of copper sulphide is formed which gives
blue colour of copper nitrate on boiling with dilute HNO3. When an
aqueous solution of ammonia is added to it, the deep blue colour
of(Cu(NH3)4)2+ is formed.
Cu2 + + H2S→CuSBlack⁡ + 2H +
CuS+dil.HNO3→Cu(NO3)2Blue
Cu(NO3)2+4NH3→[Cu(NH3)4]2+Deepblue
22. (d) C6H5C(CH3)(C6H5)Br > C6H5CH(C6H5)Br > C6H5CH(CH3)Br >
C6H5CH2Br
Explanation: The nucleophilic substitution in SN1 occurs in two steps. In
step I, the polarised C—Br bond undergoes slow cleavage to produce a
carbocation and a bromide ion. This is the slow rate determining step.
Thus, the stability of the carbocation formed determines the rate of
reaction. The carbocation thus formed is then attacked by nucleophile in
step II to complete the substitution reaction.
In C6H5C(CH3)(C6H5)Br carbocation will be tertiary and will be resonance
stablised. So the rate of SN1 reaction is greatest in this case. In case of
C6H5CH(C6H5)Br, the carbocation formed will be secondary and hence
less stable than the previous one, so the reaction will be slower in this
case. In C6H5CH(CH3)Br, the carbocation formed will be less stable than
that formed in case of C6H5CH(C6H5)Br because in the latter the
carbocation is stabilised by two phenyl groups due to resonance. In
C6H5CH2Br, the carbocation formed will be primary and hence
least stable causing the rate of reaction to be least in this case.
23. (c) primary alcohols
Explanation: RCHO + H2 → RCH2OH
o Aldehydes and ketones are most readily reduced with hydride
reagents.
o The reducing agents LiAlH4 and NaBH4 act as a source of 4 x H-
(hydride ion)
o Overall 2 H atoms are added across the C=O to give H-C-O-H
o Hydride reacts with the carbonyl group, C=O, in aldehydes or
ketones to give alcohols.
o The substituents on the carbonyl dictate the nature of the product
alcohol.
 o Reduction of methanal (formaldehyde) gives methanol.
o Reduction of other aldehydes gives primary alcohol.
o Reduction of ketones gives secondary alcohol.
24. (b) Keratin
Explanation: When the polypeptide chains run parallel and are held
together by hydrogen and disulphide bonds, then fibre– like structure is
formed. Such proteins called fibrous proteins are generally insoluble in
water. A common example is keratin (present in hair, wool, silk).
25. (c) Hypophosphorus acid.
Explanation: H3PO2 is Hypophosphorus acid. It has one P-OH, two P-H
and one P=O bonds.

Section B

26. (b) Same in all directions

Explanation: Since quartz glass in an amorphous solid having short-
range order of constituents in which the regular and periodically
repeating pattern is observed over a short distance. Hence the value of
the refractive index is the same in all directions, can be measured and
not be equal to zero.
27. (a) mole fraction
Explanation: Mole fraction is useful in relating vapour pressure with a
concentration of the solution. According to Raoult's law, the
partial vapour pressure of each component in the solution is directly
proportional to its mole fraction present in solution.
A is one component.
pA ∝ xA, xA=nAnA+nB
28. (d) pentose sugars
Explanation: Two aldopentoses viz. D-ribose and 2-deoxy-D-ribose are
present in nucleic acids.
29. (d) Th232
Explanation: Th232 can decay to give two noble gases. They are radon
and xenon. Any sample of thorium or its compounds contain traces of
these daughters, which are isotopes of thallium, lead, bismuth,
polonium, radon, radium, and actinium. Th232 also very occasionally
undergoes spontaneous fission rather than alpha decay, to form xenon
gas as a fission product.
30. (c) Markovnikov's reaction
Explanation: This is an electrophilic addition reaction following
Markovnikov's rule.
31. (b) Ammonia
Explanation: Liquid NH3 is used as a refrigerant. evaporation of a liquid
needs heat energy. When liquid ammonia vapourises, it absorbs large
quantities of heat without changing its temperature.
32. (c) It is present in furanose form.
Explanation: It is present in pyranose structure (six membered cyclic
structure).
33. (c) i, ii, iii
Explanation:
o Preparation of phenols from haloarenes: Chlorobenzene is an
example of haloarenes which is formed by monosubstitution of the
benzene ring. When chlorobenzene is fused with sodium
hydroxide at 623K and 320 atm sodium phenoxide is produced.
Finally, sodium phenoxide on acidification gives phenols.
o Preparation of phenols from diazonium salts: When an
aromatic primary amine is treated with nitrous (NaNO2 + HCl) acid
at 273 - 278 K, diazonium salts are obtained. These diazonium
salts are highly reactive in nature. Upon warming with water,
these diazonium salts finally hydrolyse to phenols. Phenols can
also be obtained from diazonium salts by treating it with dilute
acids.
o Preparation of phenols from benzene sulphonic acid:
Benzenesulphonic acid can be obtained from benzene by reacting
it with oleum. Benzenesulphonic acid thus formed is treated with
molten sodium hydroxide at high temperature which leads to the
formation of sodium phenoxide. Finally, sodium phenoxide on
acidification gives phenols.
34. (d) Gas in solid
Explanation: Hydrogen (solute, gas) and solvent is palladium (solid).
35. (a) H2S
Explanation: Pb2+ + S2- → PbS(black)
(CH3COO)2Pb + H2S → PbS + 2CH3COOH

36. (a)
Explanation: Haloarenes can be prepared from amines by
Sandmeyer’s reaction. In this process, a primary aromatic amine that is
dissolved or suspended in cold aqueous mineral acid is treated with
sodium nitrite and a diazonium salt is formed. This freshly prepared salt,
when mixed with cuprous chloride, resulting in the replaces the
 diazonium group with -Cl, forming the aryl chloride.

37. (c) Low temperature

Explanation: The stability and existence of solid-state favours lower
temperatures as it depends on 2 rival forces.
When the temperature is low, under these circumstances the thermal
energy of molecules (energy which tends to move molecule faster and
makes them apart; sometimes results in a change of state) is sufficiently
low and intermolecular forces (forces between molecules, ions, atoms
that tend to keep them closer) are high enough to make molecules bring
in a closer contact that they attach oneself tightly to another or cling one
another and occupy fixed position (in solid-state) but they can still
oscillate about their mean position.
38. (b) a primary alcohol
Explanation: When –CH2OH group is replaced by –COOH group then
only molecular weight will increase by 14units.
39. (c) 8
Explanation:
o We know that, if n be the number of atoms in a crystal, then the
number of tetrahedral voids must be 2n.
o And for a face-centred unit cell -

There are 8 Corner atoms i.e. (8 × 1/8) atoms per unit cell = 1atom and
for face-centred unit cell atom number is 6 i.e.( 6 × 1/2) atoms per unit
cell = 3 atom (because each atom at the face centre is used by to
adjacent unit cells)
Hence no. of tetrahedral voids for face-centred unit cell = 2(3+1) = 2(4)
= 8.
40. (d) equal to the rate of crystallisation
Explanation: At equilibrium, the rate of dissolution of solid solute is
equal to the rate of crystallisation. As the number of solute particles
going into the solution will equal to the solute particle separating out.
41. (c) – 3 to +3
Explanation: MnO2 + 4HCl ⟶ MnCl2 + 2H2O + Cl (greenish yellow gas)
When excess Cl2 reacts with NH3 the products are NCl3 and HCl
NH3 + 3Cl2 ⟶ NCl3 + 3HCl
Oxidation state change from -3 to +3.
42. (a) (CH3)2CHOH
Explanation: Secondary alcohol on oxidation forms ketone which
reacts with hydrazine bus doesn't gives a silver mirror test.
43. (a) 3 double bonds; 12 single bonds
Explanation: Cyclotrimetaphosphoric acid contains three double bonds
and 12 single bonds as shown below:

a, b and c are three (double) pi-bonds and numerics 1 to 12 are (single)

sigma bonds
44. (c) Amylopectin
Explanation: The structure of glycogen is similar to amylopectin. It is a
water-soluble polysaccharide and branched-chain polymer of α-D
glucose units in which chain is formed by C1-C4 glycosidic linkage and
 branching occurs by C1-C6 glycosidic linkage.

45. (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Nitrogen cannot expand its octet due to the non-
availability of the d-orbital.
46. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Due to steric hindrance, tertiary haloalkanes do not prefer
to undergo substitution but instead undergo elimination.
47. (c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: The two strands in a DNA molecule are not exactly similar
but are complementary.
48. (c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: Cl2 is an oxidising agent. It bleaches the articles by
oxidation permanently in presence of moisture.
49. (c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: Constituent particles are closely packed in crystalline
solids and anisotropy is due to different arrangements of constituent
particles in different directions.

Section C
50. (d) ΔSmix=0
Explanation: For an ideal solution.
ΔmixingH=0, ΔmixingV=0 and it should obey Raoult's law.
51. (a) Completely soluble in organic solvents
Explanation: All these given compounds are covalent in nature. Hence,
they are soluble in organic solvents.
52. (d) secondary alcohols
Explanation: Carboxylic acids, esters, and acid halides can be reduced
to either aldehydes or a step further to primary alcohols, depending on
the strength of the reducing agent, aldehydes, and ketones can be
reduced respectively to primary and secondary alcohols.
53. (d) IF3 > BrF3 > ClF3
Explanation: Thermal stability decreases as the size difference or the
electronegativity difference between the two halogen atoms decreases.
54. (d) (IF7 - pentagonal bipyramidal
Explanation: [ICl2]- - linear, ClF3 - T-shaped, [BrF4]- - Square planar
55. (c) 5 bond pairs and one lone pair
Explanation: It has square pyramidal shape and has 5 bond pairs and
one lone pair.