Professional Documents
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27 Theorists and Theories About Nursing and Health
27 Theorists and Theories About Nursing and Health
Abraham Maslow
Hierarchy of Needs
Safety Needs: security of: body, employment, resources, morality, family, health, property.
Self-actualization Needs: morality, creativity, spontaneity, problem solving, lack of prejudice, acceptance
of facts.
Adolf Meyer
Alfred Adler
All persons are caring and nursing is a response to unique social call.
Betty Neuman
Nursing is concerned with all the variables affecting an individual’s response to stress, which are
interpersonal, intrapersonal and extrapersonal in nature.
Carl Jung
Dorothea Orem
Nurses have to supply care when the patients cannot provide care to themselves.
Dorothy Johnson
She also stated that nursing was “concerned with man as an integrated whole and this is the specific
knowledge of order we require”.
Erik Erikson
Psychosocial development of man.
Trust vs Mistrust, Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt, Initiative vs Guilt, Industry vs Inferiority, Identity vs Role
Confusion, Intimacy vs Isolation, Generativity vs Stagnation, Ego Integrity vs Despair.
Ernestine Wiedenbach
Wiedenbach believed that there were 4 main elements to clinical nursing. They included: a philosophy,
a purpose, a practice and the art.
Faye Abdellah
To promote safety through prevention of accidents, injury, or other trauma and through the prevention
of the spread of infection
To identify and accept positive and negative expressions, feelings, and reactions
To facilitate awareness of self as an individual with varying physical, emotional, and developmental
needs
To accept the optimum possible goals in light of physical and emotional limitations
To understand the role of social problems as influencing factors in the cause of illness
Florence Nightingale
Environmental Theory.
Pure water
Efficient drainage
Cleanliness
Galen
Four temperaments
choleric is a do-er.
Hildegard Peplau
Interpersonal model. Nursing is an interpersonal process of therapeutic interactions between the sick
and the nurse
Believed that nurses can help patients meet a perceived need that they cannot meet themselves.
Imogene King
Jean Piaget
Jean Watson
Nursing is the application of the art and human science through transpersonal caring.
Lawrence Kohlberg
Premoral or preconventional
Conventional level
Postconventional level
Madeleine Leininger
Transcultural nursing.
Nursing is a humanistic and scientific mode of helping a client through specific cultural caring process.
Margaret Newman
Humans are unitary beings in whom disease is a manifestation of the pattern of health.
Martha Rogers
Human beings are more than and different from the sum of their parts.
Myra Levine
conservation of energy,
structural integrity,
social integrity
Sigmund Freud
Each person is a unified biopsychosocial system in constant interaction with changing environment.
Virginia Henderson
Nurse functions to assist clients in performing activities contributing to health, recovery, or peaceful
death.