A.

Peanut Shell as Minimizer/Filter of Hydrocarbons and Carbon Monoxide

- I think this will be an interesting topic. From the existing literature, filters made from peanut
shells are effective for air pollutant degradation. For this topic, one way to present your research
is to modify the preparation of the material from peanut shells.
- Peanut Shell-Based Adsorbent for CO2 Capture
B. Makopa Leaves and Calamansi Peels for Biodiesel Production
- For this topic, you can either use these materials as the substrate (starting material) or as
catalyst.
- If used as a starting material, the most common treatment would be fermentation/biological
transformation (use of enzymes). In my professional opinion, this will involve highly maintained
and controlled environment. If you will be using these materials as substrates for
transesterification process, you have to acknowledge the limitations of existing literature (there
is a paper on the production of biodiesel from orange peels; you have to establish a strong
motivation why you have shifted from orange peels to calamansi peels or other starting
materials; maybe you can conduct a comprehensive investigation on fruit waste peels as starting
materials for biodiesel production and compare the physicochemical properties of the produced
biodiesel).
- Thermal treatment of fruit/food waste can also lead to the synthesis of a catalyst. You can
modify the material by acid treatment (for example, sulfonated catalyst) so you can use it as a
catalyst in an acid-catalyzed reaction for biodiesel/biofuel production (check transesterification,
acid-catalyzed aldol condensation, hydroxyalkylation-alkylation). Aldol condensation and
Hydroxyalkylation/alkylation are carbon-carbon coupling reactions for the production of biofuel
precursors.
- Or you can also check this: Torrefaction of Fruit Peel Waste to Produce Environmentally Friendly
Biofuel (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S095965262034720X)
- Biochar from fruit waste peels (main challenge would be lowering pyrolysis temperature)

Reference Papers:

Topic A:

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-72721-0

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cjce.23153

Topic B:

https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/3/252

http://www.bioline.org.br/pdf?ja14052#:~:text=The%20study%20provides%20evidence%20that,of
%20ASTM%20standard%20method%20specification.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0960148118307122

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0926669017305174

https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/9/2/220
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0960148121003256

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2589014X1830029X?via%3Dihub

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2021/ra/d1ra00019e

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b06280

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12649-019-00904-6

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/11/10/1215/htm

This is a recently published paper that you may want to check as well:

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468025720301199