Ride Quality Elevators

Elevator Ride Quality
Definition & Measurement
An International Approach
EVA-625
PMT
High Accuracy Instrumentation
PMT for the Vertical Transportation
Copyright 2002 Physical Measurement Technologies, Inc.
Why Measure Ride Quality?
• Evaluate Elevator Ride Comfort
• Improve Quality of:
– Design
– Installation
– Maintenance
• Diagnosis (Trouble Shooting)
– Reduce Time (Costs)

What Was Ride Quality?
• Qualitative
– Method
• Ride, Feel, Listen
– Analysis
• Compare Against Experience
• Flaws
– Non-Repeatable/Non-
Calibrated/Psychological
What is Ride Quality Now?
• Quantitative Measurement of Vibration
(Motion) & Sound
– Standardized Human Perception
• Measured in Standard Way
– Standard Measurement Technique
– Standard Processing Technique

New Standard
ISO/DIS 18738
• Draws From
– ISO2631
• Human Response to Vibration
– ISO8041
• Instrumentation (ISO2631)
– IEC651
• Sound Level Measurement
– Elevator Industry Experience
ISO2631/ISO8041
Frequency Weighting Z axis Frequency Weighting X,Y Axes
5
0
-5
Gain (dB)
-10
Gain dB
-15
-20
-25
-30
-35
-40
-45 0.1 0.1 1 10 100
1 10 100
Frequency (Hz) Frequency (Hz)
Human Response to Vibration ‘ISO Filter’

ISO2631/ISO8041 Vertical Axis
Frequency Weighting Z axis
-5
Gain dB
-15
-25
-35
-45 0.1 1 10 100

Frequency (Hz)

ISO2631/ISO8041 Horizontal Axes
Frequency Weighting X,Y Axes
0
Gain (dB)
-10
-20
-30
-40
0.1 1 10 100
Frequency (Hz)

ISO/DIS 18738
• Defines Terminology
• Defines Field Measurement Method
• Defines Processing Techniques
• Defines Reporting

Units of Measure
Vibration Standard: m/s2
Typical: milli(g)s, gals
Acceleration Standard: m/s2
Velocity Standard: m/s
Distance Standard: m
Jerk Standard: m/s3
Sound Standard: dBA (decibels)
9.81 m/s2 = 1g = 1000 milli(g)s 1g = 981 gals

1 milli(g)  1 gal

Field Measurement Method
• Ancillary Equipment Off
• Center of Car
• X Axis to Door, Z Vertical
• Microphone at 1 - 1.6 meters
• Agreed Upon Time of Day
• 2 People (Maximum) in Lift
• Measure Terminus to Terminus
• Begin Recording Before Doors Close
• Finish After Doors Open

Collected Data (Unfiltered)
Inte rnational Se rvice s Building Elevator 23
Un i t s: m i l l i (g ) Fi l e : 5 T W G3 E 7 1 . VE 2 1 0: 13 : 1 5 0 4/ 03 / 9 7
Run Sound: 61.5 L Aleq: 57.8 Max Sound: 74.6
75
Sound(dBA)
60.0
50
Max Pk/Pk: 47.3 A95: 26.5 0-Pk : 33.1

25
5.0
0 -5.0
X
-25
25 Max Pk/Pk: 29.0 A95: 15.9 0-Pk : 21.6
5.0
0 -5.0
Y
200 Max Pk/Pk: 54.3 A95: 32.2 0-Pk : 171.8
5.0
-0
Z
-5.0
1 2 3 4
0 5 10 15 20 25
Seconds

Performance (Acceleration)
I nte r na tiona l Se r vic e s Building E le va tor 23
U n i t s: m i l l i ( g ) Fi l e : 5 T W G 3 E 7 1 . V E 2 10: 13: 15 04/03/97
200 10 Hz Low Pass Filter
M ax Pk /Pk : 54.3 A95: 32.2 0-Pk : 171.8
150
100 0
Gain (dB)
50 -10
5.0
0 -20
Z
-5.0
-50
-30
-100
-40
-150 0.1 1 10 100
1 2 3 4
Frequency (Hz)
5 10 15 20 25
Seconds
Report
•Maximum Acceleration
1.5
M ax /95 Ac c el : 1.457/1.421 Dec el : -1.005/0.961
1.0
•A95 Acceleration 0.5
Z Accel. m/sec^2
0.0
•Maximum Deceleration -0.5
-1.0
•A95 Deceleration
-1.5
1 2 3 4
X
5 10 15 20 25
Seconds

Performance (Velocity)
1.5
M ax /95 Ac c el : 1.457/1.421 Dec el : -1.005/0.961

1.0
0.5
Z Accel. m/sec^2
0.0
-0.5
-1.0
-1.5
1 2 3 4
X
5 10 15 20 25
Seconds
Report
3.0
•Maximum Velocity 2.5

M ax Vel oc i ty : 2.56 V95: 2.53
2.0
•V95 Velocity Z Velo city m/sec

1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
1 2 3 4
X
5 10 15 20 25
Seconds

Performance (Distance)
3.0
M ax Vel oc i ty : 2.56 V95: 2.53

2.5
2.0
1.5
Z Velo city m/sec
1.0
0.5
0.0
1 2 3 4
X
5 10 15 20 25
Seconds
Report
•No Reporting Requirement

45
M ax Di s tanc e: 40.24
40
35
•Used in Boundary 30
25
Calculation Z Distance m
20
15
10
•Used for Diagnosis

5
0
1 2 3 4
5 10 15 20 25
Seconds

Performance (Jerk)
1.5
M ax /95 Ac c el : 1.457/1.421 Dec el : -1.005/0.961
1.0
0.5
Running Slope
Z Accel. m/sec^2
0.0
(Least Squares)
-0.5
-1.0
-1.5
1 2 3 4
X
5 10 15 20 25
Seconds
Report
•Maximum Jerk
3
M ax J erk : 2.7
Z Jerk m/s^3 0
-1
-2
1 2 3 4
0 5 10 15 20 25
Seconds

Performance Measurements
Acceleration/Deceleration Measurements:
Maximum: Greatest Acceleration Found Between 5% and 95% of Full Speed
(Increasing) for Acceleration And Between 95% and 5% (decreasing) for Deceleration
A95: Typical Acceleration (Acceleration that 95% of all acceleration values are less
than or equal to) Found Between 5% and 95% of Full Speed (Increasing) or between
95% and 5% of Full Speed (decreasing) (1)
5% 95% 95% 5%
3
(4)
2
0 5 10 15 20 25
1 Seconds
(3) 0
-1
0 5 10 15 20 25
(2)

Performance Measurements
Velocity Measurements:
Maximum: Greatest Velocity Found 95% of Full Speed (Increasing) And 95% of Full
Speed (decreasing)
V95: Typical Velocity (Velocity that is 95% of all acceleration values are less than or
equal to) Found Between 95% of Full Speed (Increasing) and 95% of Full Speed
(decreasing)
(1)
5% 95% 95% 5%
3
(4)
2
0 5 10 15 20 25
1 Seconds
(3) 0
-1

15 20 25
PMT 0 5 10
for the Vertical Transportation
(2)
Vibration Measurements
Ride Quality
Inte rna tiona l Se rvic e s Building
U n i t s: m i l l i (g )
M ax Pk /Pk : 47.3 A95: 26.5 0-Pk : 33.1
Fi l e : 5 T W G 3 E 7 1 . V E 2
Ele va tor 23
10: 13: 15 04/03/97
25
5.0 Frequency Weighting X,Y Axes Frequency Weighting Z axis

0 -5.0
X
5
-25 0
-5
Gain (dB)
25 -10
M ax Pk /Pk : 29.0 A95: 15.9 0-Pk : 21.6
Gain dB
-15
-20
5.0
-25
0 -30
Y
-5.0
-35
-40
0.1 1 10 100 -45 0.1
200 1 10 100
M ax Pk /Pk : 54.3 A95: 32.2 0-Pk : 171.8 Frequency (Hz) Frequency (Hz)
100
5.0
0
Z
-5.0
-100
21 43
Inte rna tiona l Se rvic e s Building Ele va tor 23

5 10 15 20 25 U n i t s: m i l l i (g ) Fi l e : 5 T W G 3 E 7 1 . V E 2 10: 13: 15 04/03/97
S o u n d ( d B A )
Seconds
M ax Pk /Pk : 9.4 A95: 4.5 0-Pk : 6.9
5.0
5
ISO X
Unfiltered (Raw) Data is Weighted -5
-5.0
M ax Pk /Pk : 9.8 A95: 5.7 0-Pk : 7.8
(filtered) According to ISO8041-1999 5

5.0
and Evaluated for Vibration Levels

ISO Y
-5.0
-5
(Maximum & A95) 20 M ax Pk /Pk : 15.5 A95: 11.8 0-Pk : 21.2 J erk Zone Max Pk /Pk : 29.4
5.0
0
ISO Z
-5.0
21 43
5 10 15 20 25
Seconds

Evaluating Vibration Level
•Vibration Level Characterized:
•Maximum Adjacent Peak to Peak Vibration (Max Pk/Pk) for Each Axis
•Typical Vibration (A95) for Each Axis
•Vibration Evaluated Within Specific Boundaries
•For X,Y Axes (Horizontal)
•Max Pk/Pk & A95 Evaluated Between 0.5m From Lift Start
Position to 0.5m From Final Position
•For Z Axis (Vertical)
•Max Pk/Pk & A95 Evaluated Between 0.5m From Lift Start
Position to 0.5m From Final Position: Jerk  0.3 m/s³ (non-Jerk
Zone)
•Max Pk/Pk Evaluated Between 0.5m From Lift Start Position to
0.5m From Final Position: Jerk  0.3 m/s³ (Jerk Zone)

Adjacent Peak to Peak:
Local Maximum Values of
Opposite Sign, Separated by
Single Zero Crossing
A95 Peak to Peak: The Peak

to Peak Level That is Greater
Than or Equal To, 95% of All
of the Peak to Peak
Measurements Within A Data
Set

Boundaries of Measurement International Services Building Elevator 23
U nits: m illi(g) File : 5T W G 3E 71.V E2 10:13:15 04/03/97
Max Pk /Pk : 9.4 A95: 4.5 0-Pk : 6.9
X,Y Axes (Horizontal) 5
5.0
Maximum Peak to Peak

and A95 Vibration is 0
ISO X
Evaluated Between the
-5.0
Point at Which the Lift Has -5
Moved 0.5 Meters From its

Max Pk /Pk : 9.8 A95: 6.1 0-Pk : 7.8
Start Position to the Point 5.0
5
at Which the Lift Has
Moved to Within 0.5 Meters
ISO Y
0
From its Final Position
-5.0
-5
21 43
5 10 15 20 25
Seconds
Start + 0.5 Meters Finish - 0.5 Meters

Boundaries of Measurement 200
International Services Building
U n its: m illi( g) File : 5T W G 3E 71 .V E 2
Ma x Pk /Pk : 5 4 .3 A9 5 : 3 2.2 0- Pk : 17 1 .8
Elevator 23
1 0:13 :15 0 4/0 3/97
Z Axis (Vertical) Maximum Peak 150
100
to Peak and A95 Vibration is 50
Evaluated Between the Point at 0

5.0
Z
-5.0
Which the Lift Has Moved 0.5 -50
Meters From its Start Position to -100
International Services Building Elevator 23

the Point at Which the Lift Has -150
U nits: m illi( g)
2 1 File : 5T W G 3E 71.V E 2 10:13:154 04/03/97
3
Moved to Within 0.5 Meters From 5

Max Pk /Pk : 20.0 A95: 14.3 0-Pk : 34.3
10 15 20
J erk Zone Max Pk /Pk : 36.3
25
its Final Position AND Where Jerk  30 Seconds
0.3 m/s 20
10
Maximum Peak to Peak Vibration is 5.0
Evaluated Where Jerk > 0.3 m/s

0
ISO Z
-5.0
-10
and is Reported as Jerk Zone
Maximum Pk/Pk -20
-30
21 43
5 10 15 20 25
Seconds

Evaluating Sound Level
International Services Building Elevator 23
U nits: m illi(g) File : 5T W G 3E 71.V E2 10:13:15 04/03/97
Run Sound: 61.5 L Aleq: 57.8 Max Sound: 74.6
Sound Level: Maximum 90
A-Weighted, Fast
Response, and L Aleq
80
Sound Level is Evaluated
& Reported Between the
70
Point at Which the Lift Has Sound(dBA)
Moved 0.5 Meters From its 60.0
60
Start Position to the Point
at Which the Lift Has
50
Moved to Within 0.5 Meters
From its Final Position 21 43
40
5 10 15 20 25
Seconds

Ride Quality Reporting


Ride Quality Elevators

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Elevator Ride Quality

Definition & Measurement

High Accuracy Instrumentation

High Accuracy Instrumentation

Human Response to Vibration ‘ISO Filter’

High Accuracy Instrumentation

-45 0.1 1 10 100

High Accuracy Instrumentation

High Accuracy Instrumentation

High Accuracy Instrumentation

9.81 m/s2 = 1g = 1000 milli(g)s 1g = 981 gals

High Accuracy Instrumentation

High Accuracy Instrumentation

Max Pk/Pk: 47.3 A95: 26.5 0-Pk : 33.1

200 Max Pk/Pk: 54.3 A95: 32.2 0-Pk : 171.8

High Accuracy Instrumentation

•A95 Acceleration 0.5

•Maximum Deceleration -0.5

High Accuracy Instrumentation

•Maximum Velocity 2.5

•V95 Velocity Z Velo city m/sec

High Accuracy Instrumentation

M ax Vel oc i ty : 2.56 V95: 2.53

•No Reporting Requirement

•Used for Diagnosis

High Accuracy Instrumentation

High Accuracy Instrumentation

High Accuracy Instrumentation

High Accuracy Instrumentation

5.0 Frequency Weighting X,Y Axes Frequency Weighting Z axis

Inte rna tiona l Se rvic e s Building Ele va tor 23

M ax Pk /Pk : 9.8 A95: 5.7 0-Pk : 7.8

(filtered) According to ISO8041-1999 5

and Evaluated for Vibration Levels

High Accuracy Instrumentation

High Accuracy Instrumentation

A95 Peak to Peak: The Peak

High Accuracy Instrumentation

Maximum Peak to Peak

Moved 0.5 Meters From its

Start + 0.5 Meters Finish - 0.5 Meters

High Accuracy Instrumentation

Z Axis (Vertical) Maximum Peak 150

Evaluated Between the Point at 0

Which the Lift Has Moved 0.5 -50

Meters From its Start Position to -100

International Services Building Elevator 23

Moved to Within 0.5 Meters From 5

its Final Position AND Where Jerk  30 Seconds

Evaluated Where Jerk > 0.3 m/s

High Accuracy Instrumentation

High Accuracy Instrumentation

High Accuracy Instrumentation

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