Name: Course and Year: BS BIOLOGY 2A Date: 02/01/2022 Score:

Lab. Teacher: Prof. Nerisa M. Mantilla Group Number: 2

ACTIVITY NO. 2A
REACTIONS OF CARBOHYDRATES

Results:
Table 1. Molisch’s, Seliwanoff’s, and Bials-Orcinol Tests Reactions of
Carbohydrates

Molisch Seliwanoff’s Bials-Orcinol

There is a formation
of reddish violet ring A yellowish color
A faint pink color was
Glucose at the junction of two was observed.
observed (negative)
liquids (positive) (negative)

There is a formation
of reddish violet ring
Galactose at the junction of two X X
liquids (positive)

There is a formation
of reddish violet ring A yellowish color
A deep red color was
Fructose at the junction of two was observed.
observed (positive)
liquids (positive) (negative)

There is a formation
of reddish violet ring A yellowish color
A faint pink color was
Xylose at the junction of two was observed.
observed (negative)
liquids (positive) (negative)

There is a formation
of reddish violet ring
Maltose at the junction of two X X
liquids (positive)

There is a formation
of reddish violet ring
Lactose at the junction of two X X
liquids (positive)

There is a formation
of reddish violet ring There is appearance
Sucrose at the junction of two X
of red color (positive)
liquids (positive)

There is a formation
of reddish violet ring
Starch at the junction of two X X
liquids (positive)

Note: X – not performed

 Table 2. Iodine Test Reaction of Carbohydrates

Iodine
Before heating After heating After cooling
test
Glucose Yellow brown Colorless Yellow brown

Galactose Yellow brown Colorless Yellow brown

Fructose Yellow brown Colorless Yellow brown

Xylose Yellow brown Colorless Yellow brown

Maltose Yellow brown Colorless Yellow brown

Lactose Yellow brown Colorless Yellow brown

Sucrose Yellow brown Colorless Yellow brown

Appearance of deep Colorless Turn to deep blue -

Starch blue color black color

Table 3. Crystal Formation of Carbohydrates in Mucic Acid Test

Mucic Acid Drawing of crystals

test

Glucose THERE IS NO FORMATION OF CRYSTALS

Galactose

There is a formation of insoluble white crystals at the bottom of

the tube. (positive)
 Fructose THERE IS NO FORMATION OF CRYSTALS

Lactose

There is a formation of insoluble white crystals at the bottom of

the tube. (positive)

QUESTION GUIDE:
1. What is the chemical basis of Molisch test?
Concentrated sulfuric acid and 5% alpha-napthol added to test solution. The
color formed is due to the reaction of alpha- napthol with furfural derivatives that is
formed by the dehydration of sugars by concentrated sulfuric acid.

2. Explain for the disappearance of the color of iodine upon heating and its
reappearance upon cooling?
Starch when reacted with iodine forms absorb compound that gives dark-
blue black color. This is because iodine is trap in the coiled structure of
polysaccharide. However, on heating the coiled structure of polysaccharide
becomes linear temporarily thus released iodine and the color disappear.
However, re appear upon cooling.

3. In the Seliwanoff’s test, how fast does fructose react to give a colored
product compared with the other sugar sample?
Immediate colored product is produced in fructose because this test is
specific for ketone group and fructose is a hexoketone sugar.
4. What are the positive results, composition of reagents and the importance
of each test?

Composition of Importance
Test Positive Result
Reagents
A red cum violet Alpha – napthol and General test for
Molisch ring appears at concentrated carbohydrates.
the junction of sulfuric acid
the 2 liquids
Appearance of I2 in Kl Test for starch
dark-blue black
Iodine color

Both end carbon

groups are oxidized to
Formation of carboxylic group. The
white sandy Concentrated HNO3 resultant saccharic
Mucic acid precipitate acid which is insoluble
in water appears.
Specific test for
galactose

Orcinol,
Appearance of concentrated HCl
Bials- green color or and 10% ferric Specific test for
orcinol precipitate pentoses
chloride

Appearance of 5% resorcinol and 3 Fast test for sugars

Seliwanoff’s deep red color N HCl containing ketone
group.
5. Write the equation involved in the following tests?

Molisch test

Mucic acid test

Bials-Orcinol test

Seliwanoff’s test