LESSON 11

CONFRONTING COLONIALISM: KATIPUNAN AND THE REVOLUTION OF 1896

 LA LIGA FILIPINA
When upon his return to the Philippines in July, 1892, Rizal organized the La Liga Filipina, this constituted a forward
step in the reformist ideas of the times in the sense that the new group sought to involve the people directly in the
reform movement. Many elements of society who were anxious for change were attracted to the Liga, among them,
Andres Bonifacio who became one of the founders of the organization.
As listed in the constitution Rizal prepared, the Liga's aims were:
1. To unite the whole archipelago into one compact, vigorous, and homogenous body;
2. Mutual protection in every want and necessity;
3. Defense against all violence and injustice;
4. Encouragement of instruction, agriculture, and commerce; and
5. Study and application of reforms.
As Rizal envisioned it, the league was to be a sort of mutual aid and self-help society dispensing scholarship funds
and legal aid, loaning capital and setting up cooperatives. These were innocent, even naive objectives that could
hardly alleviate the social ills of those times, but the Spanish authorities were so alarmed that they arrested Rizal on
July 6, 1892, a scant four days after the Liga was organized.
With Rizal deported to Dapitan, the Liga became inactive until, through the efforts of Domingo Franco and Andres
Bonifacio, it was reorganized. Apolinario Mabini became the secretary of the Supreme Council. Upon his suggestion,
the organization decided to declare its support for La Solidaridad and the reforms it advocated, raise funds for the
paper, and defray the expenses of deputies advocating reforms for the country before the Spanish Cortes.
Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangang Katipunan

JULY 7, 1892- THE FORMER MEMBERS OF THE LEAGUE LED BY ANDRES

BONIFACIO MET SECRETLY IN NO. 72 AZCARRGA STREET.
THEY PERFORMED BLOOD COMPACT AND SIGNED THEIR MEMBERSHIP
WITH THEIR OWN BLOOD
THE KATIPUNAN HAD THREE VITAL GOALS:
- POLITICAL
- MORAL
-CIVIC
THREE GOVERNING BODIES OF THE KKK
- SANGGUNIANG BALANGAY
- SANGGUNIANG BAYAN
- KATAAS-TAASANG SANGUNIAN
The organizational structure of the Katipunan
entailed three ranks of membership, with new
members starting out as “katipon,” then moving
up to “kawal” and eventually to “bayani.”
Members were to pay an entrance fee of one real
fuerte, a unit of currency equal to 1/8 of a silver
real peso, as well as monthly dues and other fees
paid exclusively to the Benefit Fund and collected
at every session or meeting.
TEODORO PATINO

Teodoro Patiño’s disclosure of the Katipunan’s existence to the Spanish

authorities, we may never know if the Revolution would have turned
out in favor of the Filipinos since during that time, the revolutionaries
were still busy gathering more men and arms for the uprising.
Even more deplorable, the reason for Patiño’s revelation to the
authorities was too petty: a pay dispute.
There are different versions of the story, with one saying that he and a
katipunero named Apolonio de la Cruz fought over a two-peso wage
increase in their printing shop. A physical altercation between the two
forced the shop to close down, and a subsequent search by Spanish
authorities yielded documents and materials belonging to the
Katipunan.
CRY OF PUGAD LAWIN

News about the discovery of the Katipunan spread to Manila and nearby
suburbs, and Andres Bonifacio immediately called for a general meeting.
Various wings of the Katipunan gathered at the house of Juan Ramos
in Pugadlawin on August 23, 1896.
Bonifacio asked his men whether they were willing to fight to the bitter
end. Everyone shouted their approval, except for Teodoro Plata, who
though that it was too soon for a revolution. Heartened by his men’s
response, Bonifacio then asked them to tear their cedulas
(residence certificates) to pieces, as a sign of their defiance
and determination to rise against the Spaniards. The men immediately
tore up their cedulas, shouting, Mabuhay ang Pilipinas (long live
the Philippines) -known as the Cry of Pugadlawin.
TEJEROS CONVENTION

March 22, 1897 the Tejeros Convention was held in order to reconcile the
differences between the two factions of the Katipunan: the Magdalo, which viewed
Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy as its leader, and the Magdiwang, which gravitated
towards Andres Bonifacio. The outcome was a decision that the Katipunan should
be dissolved and a revolutionary government established. Elections were held for
its officers: Emilio Aguinaldo was elected President and Andres Bonifacio, the
former leader of the Katipunan, was elected Director of the Interior. Initially,
Bonifacio accepted his position, but was insulted when Daniel Tirona objected.
Bonifacio declared the proceedings of the Tejeros Convention null and void and
established a new government. This was seen as an act of treason by the others
and Bonifacio was charged with refusing to recognize newly established
Revolutionary Government. He was arrested and sentenced to death in
Maragondon, Cavite.
LESSON 12
CONFRONTING COLONIALISM: THE MALOLOS REPUBLIC AND THE PHILIPPINE-
AMERICAN WAR
PHILIPPINE-AMERICAN WAR

War between the United States and Filipino revolutionaries from 1899 to 1902,
an insurrection that may be seen as a continuation of the Philippine
Revolution against Spanish rule. It began after the United States
assumed sovereignty of the Philippines following the defeat of Spain in
the Spanish-American War. Although an end to the insurrection was declared in
1902, sporadic fighting continued for several years thereafter.
To save the “honor” of the Spain.
- they did not want to tell the world that Filipinos defeated them
-they want to create an image where in they were valiantly defeated by the United States in
battle
- United States and Spain faked a battle this was so called “Mock Battle of Manila” where
in United States “defeated” Spain rather than surrendering to the Filipinos.
TREATY OF PARIS

DECEMBER 10, 1898

THE TREATY STATES THAT SPAIN SOLD PHILIPPINES FOR $20MILLION
WHICH MEANS PHILIPPINES IS UNDER THE AMERICANS
PRESIDENT WILLIAM MCKINLEY PROCLAIMED THAT US POSSESED
SOVEREIGNTY HE TRIED TO SUGAR COAT THIS BY SAYING HE WILL
RESPECT THE RIGHTS AND LIBERTIES OF THE FILIPINOS
LESSON 13
UNDERSTANDING AMERICAN OCCUPATION: FILIPINO REACTION TO AMERICAN
OCCUPATION
 PAWCI stands for Philippine-American War
Centennial Initiative
ORGANIZATION THAT AIMS TO GATHER INFORMATION REGARDING THE
WAR AROUND 22,000 FILIPINOS SOLDIERS AND HALF A MILLION CIVILIANS
DIED IN LUZON AND VISAYAS. IN MINDANAO, IT IS ESTIMATED THAT
AROUND 100,000 MUSLIMS WERE KILLED.
MIGUEL
MALVAR
&MARIO SAKAY
http://msc.edu.ph/centennial/liga.html
http://malacanang.gov.ph/4304-the-founding-of-the-katipunan/