1

Problem Business: Individual Report Project

Memorandum

Date:

To:

From:

Subject: re: MASTERS IN BUSINEES ADMINSTARTION

This is a follow-up report: I'll explain why case studies are so crucial in business school and the

history of my chosen career. More disparities in future rules are likely as a result of the

corporations' flaws in the next report, I'll go into great depth on MBA programs.

Master of Business Administration (MBA) program admissions criteria

Business administration, management, or simply management are all terms used to describe

corporate entity management. This job description covers every aspect of running a business,

from sales and marketing to accounting and finance. Full-time completion of an MBA degree

typically takes two school years (i.e. roughly 18 months of period time). ( Francesconi,2018).

North American winters typically begin in late September or early August and extend until May

or June the following year. Year two begins in May or June. In the Southern Hemisphere, for

example, there is a three- to four-month seasonal break amid years one and two. Because of the

nature of the curriculum, students are required to have some prior work experience and be in

class every day of the week, just like they would in an academic institution. Students can get an

MBA part-time, full-time, or modularly by completing 60 credits (or 600 lesson hours) of

alumna work.

The enhanced MBA program is an option for students who don't want to commit to the regular

two-year MBA program. As a result, their course loads are more demanding, and their class and
 2

test schedules are more demanding as well. During the program and between semesters, they

typically have less free time. This means that instead of having a three or even four-month

summer holiday, students might have seven or 10 days off in between semesters. (Nelson,2017)

Full-time, two-year programs often cost more than accelerated, one- or two-year curricula. Part-

time MBA lessons are typically held on weeknights after work or on weekends. On the other

hand, most part-time courses extend for three years or more. Working professionals make up the

majority of the students in these programs, which allows them to complete their degree

requirements with a lighter course load. A two-year nighttime MBA program (sometimes known

as a "second shift") is a full-time program that holds lessons on workaday evenings, after typical

working periods, or on vacations. Most of the scholars in these curriculums are working pros

who are unable to take time off from their jobs to attend a full-time, traditional MBA program.

Many universities in India offer second shift programs. (Alexander,2017) These programs are

comparable to part-time MBAs but use a lock-step structure with lessons packed organized in

blocks of lone to three weeks. There are several sectors that are covered from the management

and leadership perspective, such as office building administration and accounting as well as

design and development as well as quality assurance and data analysis. There are four

occupations in business administration:

Master of Business Administration

The MBA, often known as an M.B.A., is a graduate-level business administration degree with a

strong emphasis on management. (Farrell et al,2018) Accounting, finance, marketing, human

resources, and operations are some of the topics covered in an MBA program's core classes.

Doctor of Business Administration

 3

DBA (Doctor of Business Administration) is a Doctor of Philosophy in business administration

conferred for advanced study and research in the arena of business administration. DBA (Doctor

of Business Administration) In the field of business administration, the D.B.A. is the equivalent

of the Ph.D.

PhD in Management

In the field of management, only those who have earned a PhD have earned it. The degree is

designed for people who want to pursue academic careers in management research and teaching

at business schools across the world.

Doctor of Management

The Doctor of Management (DM) is a more recent variation on the management doctorate

(D.M., D.Mgt., DBA, or DMan). A doctorate in applied science and management is awarded to

someone who has completed extensive study and research in these fields. (Cajete,2021)

The following credentials are required for master's in business administration professional

status:

o 4 years of undergraduate study at a recognized U.S. university or an internationally

equivalent degree

o Work experience ranging from at least two and a half years, depending on your duties

o Statement of Purpose

o Two letters of recommendation from people in your field

o The ability to communicate clearly in English is necessary for many jobs. The minimum

TOEFL score is between 550 and 600 on paper, and between 213 and 250 on computer.

A GMAT score of at least 600 is required (probably the most important)

The organizations that are linked to MBA programs.

 4

Stanford University

Stanford university is a prestigious academic institution. At the Stanford University Graduate

School of Business, students learn to see the possibilities and take action by exercising principled

leadership and coming up with innovative solutions to problems. The university has established a

worldwide network of students. (Campbell et al,2021) The Graduate School of Business of

Stanford University is located in Stanford, California. Business schools like Stanford's are found

in Tertiary Education.

Harvard University

There are two-year full-time MBA programs at Harvard Business School that focus on real-

world management practice.HBS students are part of a global community that promotes lifelong

learning and career support, as well as peers, faculty and staff that both challenge and cheer you

on as you navigate your way to your goals and future success.

Master's in business administration laws and authorities.

For students and companies, external accreditation of a business school or MBA program

provides an objective look at the plan's excellence as well as a confirmation that the program

fulfills particular eminence requirements. At present, in the United States, there are three primary

accrediting bodies:

o Association for Collegiate Business Education Advancement (AACSB),

o for Business Universities and Programs Accreditation (ACBSP), and

o Association of University Business Schools and Programs.

These organizations also recognize educational institutions located external of the United States.

The Board for Higher Education Certification in the United States recognizes both the ACBSP
 5

and the IACBE (CHEA). The Directive on Accreditation of Healthcare Management Education

will accredit MBA programs with healthcare management concentrations (CAHME).

Institutions may accredit US MBA programs as well. Institutional accreditation is overseen by a

variety of organizations, including:

o Association of Independent Colleges and Schools of the Middle States (MSA),

o Association of American Universities and Colleges (AAC&U) (NEASC),

o Commission on Higher Education (HLC),

o Commission for the Accreditation of Distance Learning (DEAC),

Scandal surrounding Freddie Mac (2003)

As part of a consent decree with a federal regulator, Freddie Mac, the federally rented mortgage

lender, decided to pay a $125 million civil consequence and implement actions to remedy its

secretarial and governance flaws in December 2003. Campbell, C. D., Challen, B., Turner, K. L.,

& Stewart, M. I. (2020). # DryLabs20: A new global collaborative network to consider and

address the challenges of laboratory teaching with the challenges of COVID-19. Journal of

Chemical Education, 97(9), 3023-3027. (Campbell et al 2020) When it came to earnings, the

corporation had done the opposite of overstating or understating it. After restating its financial

statements in November, the corporation revealed that their total earnings from 2000 to 2002

were higher than what they had previously claimed and that their 2001 earnings were overstated

by approximately $1 billion dollars, according to the Wall Street Journal. Because it imitates an

even additional unpredictable genuine wages profile, news of a year of exaggerated salaries

alters the charm of the bookkeeping problem, conferring to Standard & Poor's

The Freddie Mac scandal's long-term effects

 6

Four former Freddie Mac officials agreed to wage $515,000 in civil penalties and $275,548 in

compensation to satisfy the SEC's negligent conduct claims. Former chief executive David

Glenn, ex-CFO Vaughn Clarke, and senior vice presidents Robert Dean and Nazir Dossani are

among the company's ex-leaders.

After the Freddie Mac controversy, legislation was passed to address the issues raised.

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) was passed in July 2002 to restore investor trust in the financial

markets and remove loopholes that allowed public firms to cheat investors after a protracted

period of corporate scandals in the United States from 2000 to 2002. The law had a significant

impact on American business governance. Act mandates public corporations to strengthen audit

committees, carry out internal control tests and hold directors and officials personally

accountable for the accuracy of financial statements in order to comply with Sarbanes-Oxley Act

for securities fraud, (Minif,2020) the Sarbanes-Oxley Act introduces harsher criminal penalties

and modifies the way public accounting companies function as a result.

Conclusion

Evidently, the company's management was absolutely deficient at every level. When it came to

OFHEO safety and soundness, it fell short of expectations. HUD gave it permission to deviate

from its primary objective of promoting the firm's panel, as the OFHEO account points out, was

satisfied and botched to exercise satisfactory oversight. But that does not validate calls for

denationalization of Freddie Mac and removal of its essential community task of providing

reasonably priced housing for low-income and marginal residents. Present proposals to generate

a more actual and self-governing regulatory organization could labor if they don't turn into a

target of inter-agency clashes. GSEs like Freddie Mac must have the similar disclosure

guidelines that relate to other financial organizations. When misunderstanding of an organization

 7

as vital as Freddie Mac cascades on one of the least federal controlling organizations, the civic

has details to be concerned. Presently, the business desires to do extra than just pace up its

politicization expenses and bear out its responsibility of growing chances for home possession

and reasonably priced rental housing. As the OFHEO investigation shows, the company's board

was complacent and failed to exercise proper control. HUD allowed it to divert from its primary

goal of promoting. (Kerpelman,2020) No one can argue that Freddie Mac's public goal of

providing affordable homes for low-income and minority communities justifies privatizing the

company. Inter-agency disputes could derail current efforts to form a competent and independent

regulatory agency. Financial organizations like Freddie Mac should be subject to the same

disclosure requirements as government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs). The general public has

good reason to be concerned when monitoring of a key organization like Freddie Mac relies on

lone smaller federal regulatory organizations. As well as increasing its political lobbying efforts,

the corporation must also fulfill its commitment to increase access to home ownership and low-

cost rental housing.

 8

References

Francesconi, M., & Parey, M. (2018). Early gender gaps among university graduates. European

Economic Review, 109, 63-82.

Nelson, C., & Bérubé, M. (2020). Introduction: A report from the front. In Higher education

under fire (pp. 1-32). Routledge.

Alexander, M. L. (2017). Key Performance Indicators of Part-Time Employees Teaching Online

(Doctoral dissertation, Indiana State University).

Farrell, C., Oerton, S., & Plant, E. (2018). Doing a doctorate in business administration: The case

for critical reflexivity. The international journal of management education, 16(3), 370-

379.

Cajete, G. (2021). Western science and the loss of natural creativity. In Unlearning the language

Campbell, C. D., Challen, B., Turner, K. L., & Stewart, M. I. (2020). # DryLabs20: A

new global collaborative network to consider and address the challenges of laboratory

teaching with the challenges of COVID-19. Journal of Chemical Education, 97(9), 3023-

3027.of conquest (pp. 247-259). University of Texas Press.

Mnif, Y., & Borgi, H. (2020). The association between corporate governance mechanisms and

compliance with IFRS mandatory disclosure requirements: evidence from 12 African

countries. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society.

Kerpelman, H. (2020). LET THEM EAT PAINT: CHILDHOOD LEAD PAINT POISONING

AS THE DENIAL OF CONSTITUTIONAL AND CIVIL RIGHTS. Columbia Human

Rights Law Review, 51(2).