TERM 2 CHEMISTRY 2021

Topic 7 : Chemical Energetics

1. Consider the following reaction:

C(g) + 4H(g)  CH4 ΔH = -x kJ
What is the bond energy of the C─H bond in CH4?
A -x kJ B +x kJ
C -(x/4) kJ D (x/4) kJ

2. Which of the following ions has the most exothermic hydration energy?
A Cu2+ B Ba2+
C Zn2+ D Al3+

3. The enthalpy change of formation for manganese(IV) oxide and aluminium oxide are -480 kJ
mol-1 and -1780 kJ mol-1 respectively.
Calculate the enthalpy change of the reaction given below.
3MnO2(s) + 4Al(s)  2Al2O3(s) + 3Mn(s)
A -1440 kJ mol-1 B -2120 kJ mol-1
C -2840 kJ mol -1
D -3560 kJ mol-1

4. P, Q and R are halides compounds. Lattice energy of P more exothermic than Q, while Q more
exothermic than R.
The halide compounds P, Q and R are
A LiI, LiBr, LiCl B LiCl, NaBr, KI
C KI, KBr, KCl D NaCl, NaI, NaBr

5 The table below shows the enthalpies of the elements potassium and bromine, and the
potassium bromide compound.
Ionisation energy of K = +496 kJ mol-1
Electron affinity of Br = -349 kJ mol-1
Atomisation enthalpy of K = +108 kJ mol-1
Atomisation enthalpy of Br = +121 kJ mol-1
Formation enthalpy of KBr = -411 kJ mol-1
What is the ΔH value for the reaction below?
KBr(s)  K+(g) + Br-(g)
A +133 kJ mol -1
B -414 kJ mol-1
C +787kJ mol -1
D 1641 kJ mol-1

6 Which of the following processes is endothermic?

A the condensation of steam B the electrolysis of water

C H+(aq) + OH-(aq)  H2O(l) D Ca(s) + 2H2O(l)  Ca(OH)2(aq) + H2(g)
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7 The enthalpy changes for two reactions given by the equation below.
3
2Fe(s) + O2(g)  Fe2O3(s) ΔH= - 822 kJ mol-1
2
C(s) + ½ O2(g)  CO(g) ΔH= -110 kJ mol-1

What is the enthalpy change for the following reaction?

3C(s) + Fe2O3(s)  2Fe(s) + 3CO(g)

A +712 kJ mol-1 B +492 kJ mol-1

C -712 kJ mol-1 D -932 kJ mol-1

8 The enthalpy changes of combustion of ethyne, C2H2, hydrogen, H2 and ethane, C2H6 are:
Substance ΔHc / kJ mol-1
ethyne -1300
hydrogen -285
ethane -1560
What is the enthalpy change of the reaction C2H2 + 2H2  C2H6?
A. +25 kJ B. +310 kJ C. -25 kJ D. -310 kJ

9 Which of the following equations has an enthalpy change of reaction equal to the enthalpy
change of atomisation of iodine?
A. I2(g)  2I(g) B. ½ I2(g)  I(g)
C. ½ I2(s)  I(g) D. I2(s)  2I(g)

10 100 cm3 of 0.50 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution is added to 80 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3
hydrochloric acid in a calorimeter. If the enthalpy of neutralization for this reaction is -57.0 kJ
mol-1, calculate the change in the temperature of the solution mixture. [C=4.20 J g-1 0C-1, Density
=1.0 g cm-3]
A. 2.6 0C B. 3.4 0C C. 3.8 0C D. 4.2 0C

11 The lattice energy (formation of ionic compound )of sodium bromide is smaller than the lattice
energy of sodium chloride
because

A there is significant amount of covalent character in sodium bromide

B the melting point of sodium bromide is higher than that of sodium chloride
C the Br- ion is larger than the Cl- ion
D the presence of hydrogen bonding between the sodium chloride molecules

12 The enthalpy of formation of water is -284 kJ mol-1. What is the enthalpy of combustion of
hydrogen?
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A +284 kJ mol-1 C -142 kJ mol-1

B +142 kJ mol-1 D -284 kJ mol-1

13 The Born-Haber cycle for sodium bromide is shown below:

+736
NaBr(s) Na+(g) + Br-(g)
+490 -335

+205
Na(s) + ½ Br2(g) Na(g) + Br-(g)

What is the enthalpy of formation (in kJ mol-1) for sodium bromide?

A -376 B +376 C 0 D +1242

14 The N2O4 molecule is a dimer of the NO2 molecule. The enthalpy of formation of N2O4 and NO2
are +9.67 kJ mol-1 and +33.86kJ mol-1 respectively. Calculate the enthalpy of formation
(in kJ mol-1) of N2O4 from NO2.

A -58.05 B -24.19 C +24.19 D +43.53

15 Which of the following ions has the most exothermic hydration energy?

A Cu2+ B Ba2+ C Zn2+ D Al3+

16 The enthalpy changes for two reactions are given by the equations below:

2Fe(s) + 3/2O2(g) Fe2O3(s) ∆H = -822 kJ mol-1

C(s) + ½ O2(g) CO(g) ∆H = -110 kJ mol-1

What is the enthalpy change for the reaction, 3C(s) + Fe2O3(s) 2Fe(s) + 3CO(g)?

A +712 kJ mol-1 B +492 kJ mol-1

C -492 kJ mol-1 D -712 kJ mol-1

17 A student discovered that urea can be prepared as shown in the equation below:
C(s) + 2H2(g) + N2(g) + ½O2(g) CO(NH2)2(s) ∆Hf0 = -333 kJ mol-1
Under normal conditions, the mixture of oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and carbon does not form
urea. This could be because

A the activation energy for the reaction is high

B the reaction is endothermic
C the rate constant for the reaction is too small
D high pressure is needed

18 Which of the following ionic crystals has the highest lattice energy? (L.E increases , Ions hv
higher charge and small ionic radius)
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A MgCl2 B AlCl3 C MgO D PbO

19 The second ionisation energy for calcium is 1150 kJ mol-1.Which of the following represents
this statement accurately?

A Ca(g) Ca2+(g) + 2e- ∆H = +1150 kJ mol-1

B Ca(s) Ca2+(g) + 2e- ∆H = +1150 kJ mol-1
C Ca+(s) Ca2+(s) + e- ∆H = +1150 kJ mol-1
D Ca+(g) Ca2+(g) + e- ∆H = +1150 kJ mol-1

20 Which reaction below involves enthalpy of formation?

A 2H(g) + ½O2(g) H2O(g)

B CO(g) + ½O2(g) CO2(g)
C 2N(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)
D C(s) + 2H2(g) CH4(g)

21 What is the enthalpy change represented by the following equation?

A The ionisation energy of sodium and chlorine.
B The lattice crystal energy of sodium chloride.
C The enthalpy of hydration of sodium chloride.
D The enthalpy of solution of sodium chloride.

22 Which of the following cannot be used to explain the relative strength of the bonding
in hydrogen halide, HX (where X can be F, Cl, Br or I) in liquid state?

A Enthalpy change of vaporisation

B Entahlpy change of atomisation
C Enthalpy change of formation
D Bond energy of H-X

23 Given the enthalpy change of formation for nitrogen dioxide, NO2 and dinitrogen tetra oxide,
N2O4, are +33.86 kJmol-1 and +9.67 kJmol-1 respectively. Given the dissociation equation for
dinitrogen tetraoxide is
N2O4(g) 2 NO2(g)

Calculate the standard enthalpy change of the reaction above.

A + 77.39 kJmol-1 C + 43.53 kJmol-1

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B + 58.05 kJmol-1 D - 43.53 kJmol-1

24 In Thermite Reaction, a reactive metal such as aluminium is used to reduce iron(III) oxide to
iron. What is the entahlpy change when 2.0 moles iron(III) oxide is reduced by 3.0 moles
aluminium ?

A -855.0 kJ C -1702.2 kJ

B -1276.5 kJ D -3404.8 kJ

25 When 28.0 g sodium chloride was dissolved in 600 cm3 distilled water, the temperature of the
solution decreased by 1.0 0C. Calculate the enthalpy of solution of sodium chloride. [Specific
heat capacity of solution=4.20 Jg-1 0C-1 ; density of solution= 1.0 gcm-3]

A -7.50 kJmol-1 C +5.25 kJmol-1

B +7.50 kJmol-1 D -5.25 kJmol-1

26 Which compound has the highest lattice energy ?

A Na2O C MgO

B NaCl D MgCl2

27 Several enthalpy changes are given below:

2 Zn(s) + O2(g)  2 ZnO(s) ΔH= -710 kJ

S(s) + O2(g)  SO2(g) ΔH= -293 kJ

2 SO2(g) + O2(g)  2 SO3(g) ΔH= -184 kJ

ZnO(s) + SO3(g)  ZnSO4(s) ΔH= -222 kJ

What is the enthalpy change of formation of zinc sulphate?

A -890 kJmol-1 C -1409 kJmol-1

B -962 kJmol-1 D -2118 kJmol-1

28 The enthalpy change of solution of silver iodide is +126 kJ mol-1.

Which combination is correct ?

Equation Solubility of AgI

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A Ag(s) + ½ I2(s) + (aq)  Ag+(aq) + I-(aq) Soluble

B Ag+(aq) + I-(aq)  AgI(s) Soluble

C Ag+(g) + I-(g) + aq  Ag+(aq) + I-(aq) Insoluble

D AgI(s) + aq  Ag+(aq) + I-(aq) Insoluble

29 Which of the following equations correctly represents the enthalpy of atomisation of sodium?

A Na(s)  Na(g)

B Na(s)  Na(l)

C. Na(l)  Na(g)

D. Na(l)  Na+(g) + e

30 When one mol of sodium bromide dissolves in water, the enthalpy change is

-8 kJmol-1. If the lattice energy of sodium bromide and the hydration energy of the Na+ ion are -
736 kJmol-1 and -406 kJmol-1 respectively. What is the hydration energy of the Br- ion?

A -1150 kJmol-1

B -338 kJmol-1

C -322 kJmol-1

D +1150 kJmol-1
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Structure Questions :

1. This question is about bond energy and their use in the calculation of enthalpy changes.

(a) Define bond energy as applied to chlorine. (2M)

(b) Explain why the enthalpy of atomisation of chlorine is exactly half the bond energy of chlorine.
(1M)

(c) The bond energy for chlorine is +242 kJ mol–1 and that for fluorine is +158 kJ mol–1.
The standard enthalpy of formation of ClF(g) is –56 kJ mol–1.
(i) Write an equation, including state symbols, for the reaction that has an enthalpy change equal to
the standard enthalpy of formation of gaseous ClF (1M)

(ii) Calculate a value for the bond energy of the Cl─F bond. (2M)

(iii) Calculate the enthalpy of formation of gaseous chlorine trifluoride, ClF3(g). Use the
bond energy value that you obtained in part (c) (ii).
(If you have been unable to obtain an answer to part (c) (ii), you may assume that the Cl─F bond
enthalpy is +223 kJ mol–1. This is not the correct value.) (3M)
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2. (a) The diagram below shows an evergy level diagram of the Born Haber cycle used for the
calculation of the lattice energy of lead (II) bromide, PbBr2 from experimental data.

Energy I

Pb2+(g) + Br2(l)

Pb2+(g) + 2Br-(g)
II

III

Pb(s) + Br2(l)

IV

(i) For each of the four empty lines labelled I, II, III and IV, write in the formulae for the
species present at that stage in the cycle.

(ii) Calculate the enthalpy of formation of lead(II) bromide.

Enthalpy of atomization of Pb = +195.0 kJ mol-1
First ionization energy of Pb = +715.6 kJ mol-1
Second ionization energy of Pb = +1450.5 kJ mol-1
Bond dissociation enthalpy of Br2 = +192.8 kJ mol-1
Electron affinity of bromide = -324.7 kJ mol-1
Lattice formation energy of PbBr2 = -671.0 kJ mol-1

(b) When one mole of hydrated calcium chloride crystals, CaCl2.6H2O was dissolved in a
sufficiently large amount of water, the heat energy absorbed is +14.7 kJ. The heat energy
released when one mole of anhydrous calcium chloride, CaCl2 was dissolved in a
sufficiently large amount of water is 82.7 kJ.

(i) Write two thermochemical equations for the reactions above.

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(ii) Determine the enthalpy for the reaction below.

CaCl2(s) + 6H2O(l) CaCl2.6H2O(s)

(iii) Sketch and label an energy profile diagram for all three reactions.

3. Aluminium fluoride and aluminium chloride are two example of aluminium halide
with the formula AlX3, where X is from Group 17.

a) The melting point of aluminium fluoride and aluminium chloride are 10900C and
1930C. Explain the great difference of melting points for these compounds.

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[2 marks]
b) Aluminium fluoride is almost completely insoluble in cold water, whereas aluminium chloride
dissolves to give a clear solution. When aqueous sodium hydroxide is added to this solution, a
white precipitate is produced which dissolves in excess NaOH(aq) to give another clear
solution.

(i) What are the enthalpy factors involved in the process of dissolving a solid in water?
Hence state their relationship using suitable equations.

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[2 marks]
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(ii) Using the relative equation deduced in (b)(i), explain the solubility of aluminium
chloride and fluoride in water.

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[2 marks]

(iii) Write equations for the formation of the white precipitate and for its disslving in excess
aqueous sodium hydroxide.

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[2 marks]
TERM 2 CHEMISTRY 2021