First 25% test – Term-2 - 2020-2021

Grade: XI
Subject and subject code: Chemistry (043)
Date :03/02/2021

General Instructions:
Read the following instructions carefully.
1. There are 12 questions in this question paper with internal choice.
2. SECTION A - Q. No. 1 to 3 are very short answer questions carrying 2 marks each.
3. SECTION B - Q. No. 4 to 11 are short answer questions carrying 3 marks each.
4. SECTION C- Q. No. 12 is case based question carrying 5 marks.
5. All questions are compulsory.
6. Use of log tables and calculators is not allowed

Section- A
1. Solutions of two electrolytes ‘A’ and ‘B’ are diluted. The Λm of ‘B’ increases
1.5 times while that graphically shows the behavior of ‘A’ and ‘B’.
(or)
Define electrochemical cell. What happens if external potential applied becomes
greater than E°cell of electrochemical cell?
2. What is the necessity to use a salt bridge in a Galvanic cell?
3. I)What are the transition elements? Write two characteristics of the transition
elements.
II)What is meant by disproportionation? Give an example of disproportionation
reaction in aqueous solutions
Section B
4. A zinc rod is dipped in 0.1 M solution of ZnSO4.The salt is 95% dissociated at
this dilution at 298 K. Calculate the electrode potential.
(or)
Calculate e.m.f. of the following cell at 298 K
2Cr(s) + 3Fe2+(0.1M) → 2Cr3+(0.01M) + 3Fe(s)
Given : E°(Cr3+|Cr) = –0.74 V, E°(Fe2+|Fe) = –0.44 V [E°Zn2+/Zn = – 0.76 V]
5. Determine the value of equilibrium constant (Kc) and ΔG° for the following
reactions :
Ni(s) + 2Ag+(aq) → Ni2+(aq) + 2Ag(s), E° = 1.05 V (1 F = 96500 C mol–1)
6. Suggest a way to calculate the limiting molar conductivity of water. Justify your
calculations by appropriate chemical reaction.
7. The conductivity of 0.001 mol L–1 solution of CH3COOH is 3.905 × 10–5 S cm–1.
Calculate its molar conductivity and degree of dissociation.
 Given : λ° (H+) = 349.6 S cm2 mol–1 and λ °(CH3COO–) = 40.9 S cm2 mol–1
(or)
–1
The conductivity of 0.20 mol L solution of
KCl is 2.48 × 10–2 S cm–1. Calculate its molar conductivity and degree of
dissociation.
Given λ ° (K+) = 73.5 S cm2 mol–1 and λ ° (Cl–) = 76.5 S cm2 mol–1
8. Assign suitable reasons for the following :
(i) The Mn2+ compounds are more stable than Fe2+ towards oxidation to their +3
state.
(ii) In the 3d series from Sc (Z = 21) to Zn (Z = 30), the enthalpy of atomization
of Zn is the lowest.
(iii) Sc3+ is colourless in aqueous solution whereas Ti3+ is coloured.
(or)
How would you account for the following :
(i) The oxidising power of oxoanions are in the order
VO+2 < Cr2O7 2– < MnO4 –
(ii) The third ionization enthalpy of manganese (Z = 25) is exceptionally high.
(iii) Transition elements are good catalysts.

9. From the given data of E° values, answer the following questions :

(i) Why is E°(Cu2+/Cu) value exceptionally positive?

(ii) Why is E°(Mn2+/Mn) value highly negative as compared to other elements?
(iii) Which is a stronger reducing agent Cr2+ orFe2+? Give reason.
10. a. Why are fluorides of transition metals more stable in their higher oxidation
state as compared to the lower oxidation state?
b. Which one of the following would feel attraction when placed in magnetic
field: Co2+ , Ag+ ,Ti4+ , Zn2+
c. It has been observed that first ionization energy of 5 d series of transition
elements are higher than that of 3d and 4d series, explain why?
11. On the basis of the figure given below, answer the following questions:
a. Why Manganese has lower melting point than Chromium?
b. Why do transition metals of 3d series have lower melting points as compared to 4d
series?
c. In the third transition series, identify and name the metal with the highest melting
point.
Section C

12. All the lanthanoids are silvery white soft metals and tarnish rapidly in air.
The hardness increases with increasing atomic number, samarium being steel hard.
Their melting points range between 1000 to 1200 K but samarium melts at 1623 K.
They have typical metallic structure and are good conductors of heat and
electricity. Density and other properties change smoothly except for Eu and Yb and
occasionally for Sm and Tm.
In their chemical behaviour, in general, the earlier members of the series
are quite reactive similar to calcium but, with increasing atomic number, they
behave more like aluminium.
The actinoid metals are all silvery in appearance but display a variety of
structures. The structural variability is obtained due to irregularities in metallic
radii which are far greater than in lanthanoids
The actinoids are highly reactive metals, especially when finely divided. The
action of boiling water on them, for example, gives a mixture of oxide and hydride
and combination with most non metals takes place at moderate temperatures.
Hydrochloric acid attacks all metals but most are slightly affected by nitric acid
owing to the formation of protective oxide layers; alkalies have no action.
The magnetic properties of the actinoids are more complex than those
of the lanthanoids. Although the variation in the magnetic susceptibility of the
actinoids with the number of unpaired 5 f electrons is roughly parallel to the
corresponding results for the lanthanoids, the latter have higher values.
It is evident from the behaviour of the actinoids that the ionization enthalpies
of the early actinoids, though not accurately known, but are lower than for the
early lanthanoids. This is quite reasonable since it is to be expected that when 5f
orbitals are beginning to be occupied, they will penetrate less into the inner core of
electrons. The 5f electrons, will therefore, be more effectively shielded from the
nuclear charge than the 4f electrons of the corresponding lanthanoids. Because the
outer electrons are less firmly held, they are available for bonding in the actinoids.
A comparison of the actinoids with the lanthanoids, with respect to different
characteristics as discussed above, reveals that behaviour similar to that of the
lanthanoids is not evident until the second half of the actinoid series. However,
even the early actinoids resemble the lanthanoids in showing close similarities with
each other and in gradual variation in properties which do not entail change in
oxidation state. The lanthanoid and actinoid contractions, have extended effects on
the sizes, and therefore, the properties of the elements succeeding them in their
respective periods. The lanthanoid contraction is more important because the
chemistry of elements succeeding the actinoids are much less known at the present
time.

I. Lanthanoids form primarily +3 ions, while the actinoids usually have higher
oxidation states in their compounds, +4 or even +6 being typical
II. Actinoid contraction is greater from element to element than lanthanoid
contraction. Why?
III. The chemistry of actinoids is not as smooth as that of lanthanoids- Justify
IV. Compare the chemistry of the actinoids with that of lanthanoids with
reference to (i) Magnetic Properties (ii) chemical reactivity.