INDIAN INSTITUTE OF SPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

THIRUVANANTHAPURAM - 695 547

Tutorial - October 2021

B. Tech - II Semester
MA211 - Linear Algebra, Complex Analysis and Fourier Series

1. Examine whether the following matrices can be diagonalized. If yes, find

an invertible matrix P such that P −1 AP is diagonal.
 
  3 2 1 0
  1 0 0
5 −1 0 1 0 1
(i) (ii)  −4 2 5  (iii) 
 0 2 −1 0 

1 3
8 0 1
0 0 0 12
2. Find the general solution of the system if it exists.
   
  x1     x1
0 2 −2 1  x2  2 2 −2 1 1
 =  2  (b)  0 −2 1 −1   x2  =
 
(a)  2 −8 14 −5    x3   x3 
1 3 0 1 8 3 −1 4 −2
x4 x4
 
1
 2 
−2
3. Find the rank of A and the augmented matrix of the following system.
 
  x1    
−2 1 −3 5 0   x1
 x2  8 7 −2 
(a)  4 −2 6 −10      (b)
 x3  = 1 x2  =
2 3 5
−6 3 −9 15 8 x3
x4
 
2
−7
4. Find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors corresponding to the following
matrices.
   
  0 1 0 0 0 2 −2 0
1 2 2 0 0 1 0  1 1 0 −1 
A= 0 2 1 B=  C =  
0 0 0 1  −1 1 −2 1 
−1 2 2
0 0 0 0 −1 1 −2 1
5. Let α1 , α2 , α3 be fixed real nos. Show that {(x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 ) ∈ IR4 , x4 =
α1 x1 + α2 x2 + α3 x3 } is a subspaces of IR4 and that it is spanned by
(1, 0, 0, α1 ), (0, 1, 0, α2 ) and (0, 0, 1, α3 ). Find the dimension of this space.

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 6. Examine whether the following subsets of IR4 constitute a vector space.
If so find the dimension and a basis of that vector space. The set of all
(x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 ) ∈ IR4 ∃
(i) x4 = 0, (ii) x1 ≤ x2 , (iii) x21 − x22 = 0
(iv) x1 = x2 = x3 = x4 (v) x1 x2 = 0.
7. Examine whether the following sets are linearly dependent or indepen-
dent
(a) {(1, −1, 0), (1, 0, −1), (1, −2, 1)} ⊆ IR3 .
(b) {(1, 0, 0, 0), (1, 1, 0, 0), (1, 1, 1, 0), (1, 1, 1, 1)} ⊂ IR4
8. Orthonormalize the following sets of vectors using Gram-Schmidt process
(a) (1,0,0,0), (1,1,0,0), (1,1,1,1)
(b) (1,-1,2,0), (1,1,2,0), (3,0,0,1)
9. Determine which of the following transformations are linear.
(a) q : IR2 → IR2 , q(x1 , x2 ) = (x1 , x2 )
(b) r : IR2 → IR2 , r(x1 , x2 ) = (x1 , −x2 )
(c) s : IR3 → IR2 , s(x1 , x2 , x3 ) = (x2 , x2 + x3 )
(d) t : IR3 → IR, t(x1 , x2 , x3 ) = x1 x2 + x1 + x3
10. Find Ker(T) and Ran(T) and their dimension for the following linear
transformations.
(a) T : IR3 → IR3 , T(x, y, z) = (x + y, z, x − y)
(b) T : IR4 → IR3 , T(x, y, z, w) = (x + y + w, z, y + 2w)
11. Examine whether the following transformations are linear. In case of a
linear transformation, write down its matrix representation with respect
to the standard basis.
(a) T : IR2 → IR3 : T(x1 , x2 ) = (3x1 + x2 , x1 + 3x2 , 3x1 + 3x2 )
(b) T : IR2 → IR2 : T(x1 , x2 ) = (5x1 − 8x2 , −7x1 + 4x2 )
12. Let T : IR3 → IR4 be a linear transformation defined by T (x1 , x2 , x3 ) =
(x1 + x2 , x2 + x3 , x1 + x3 , x1 + x2 + x3 ). Find the matrix representation

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 of T with respect to the ordered bases,
        

 0 1 1 1 

1 0  1 1
    
X = {(1, 0, 1), (1, 1, 0), (0, 1, 1)} and Y =  , , , , .


 1 1  0 1  

1 1 1 0
 
 
1 2 1
13. Let T : IR3 → IR2 be a linear transformation. Let A =
2 −3 −4
be the matrix representation of the linear transformation with respect to
the ordered basis vectors v1 = (1, −1, 1), v2 = (2, 3, −1), v3 = (1, 1, −1)
in IR3 and w1 = (1, 1), w2 = (2, 3) in IR2 . Then determine the linear
transformation T .
 
4 3 −1 5
14. Let A =  7 −2 −5 3 . Find the rank of A.
8 1 6 9
15. Find all values of µ for which the rank of the matrix
 
µ −1 0 0
 0 µ −1 0 
A= 
 0 0 µ −1 
−6 11 −6 1
is equal to 3.
16. Reduce the following matrices to row echelon form and find their ranks.
 
  1 2 3 4
1 3 5 2 1 4 5 
(i)  2 −1 4  (ii)  1 5 5 7 

−2 8 2
8 1 14 17
17. Reduce the following matrix to column echelon form and find its matrix.
 
3 1 7
1 2 4
A=  4 −1 7 


2 1 5
 
1 −1 1
18. Find the inverse of A =  2 1 −3 
1 1 1

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19. Solve the following system of equations (if possible) using Gaussian elim-
ination method.
    
2 1 −1 x 4
(i)  1 −1 2   y  =  −2 
−1 2 −1 z 2
    
2 0 1 x 3
(ii)  1 −1 1   y  =  1 
4 −2 3 z 3
    
1 −1 1 x 1
(iii)  2 1 −1   y  =  2 
5 −2 2 z 5
20. Solve the following system of equations using Gaussian elimination method:
(i)
4x − 3y − 9z + 6w = 0
2x + 3y + 3z + 6w = 6
4x − 21y − 39z − 6w = −24

(ii)
x + 2y − 2z = 1
2x − 3y + z = 0
5x + y − 5z = 1
3x + 14y − 12z = 5

21. Verify Cayley-Hamilton theorem for the matrix

 
1 2 0
A = −1 1
 2
1 2 1
Also
(i) Obtain A−1 .
(ii) Find eigenvalues of A, A2 and verify that eigenvalues of A2 are
squares of those of A.
(iii) Find the spectral radius of A.

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22. Find the eigenvalue and the corresponding eigenvectors of the following
matrices.
 
    1 0 0
1 4 1 1
(i) (ii) (iii)  0 2 1 
3 2 −1 1
2 0 3
23. Using Gauss elimination method solve the following equations, if exists
(i)
x+y = 1
x−y = 0
(ii)
2x + 3y = 13
x − y = −1
(iii)
2x + 2y = 5
x − 4y = 0
(iv)
−x + y = 1
x+y = 2
(v)
x+y = 5
3x + 3y = 15
(vi)
x − y = −1
x−y = 0
(vii)
x + 3y = 1
2x + y = −3
2x + 2y = −2

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 (viii)
x + 3y = 1
2x + y = −3
3x + 3y = 0

(ix)
x−z = 0
3x + y = 1
−x + y + z = 4

(x)
x − 2y + 3z = −2
−x + y − 2z = 3
2x − y + 3z = −7

(xi)
x − 2y + 3z = −2
−x + y − 2z = 3
2x − y + 3z = 1

(xii)
x + 2y − z = 3
3x − y + 2z = 1
2x − 2y + 3z = 2
x−y+z = −1

24. By reducing into row echelon form, find the rank of the matrix
 
2 3 −1 −1
 1 −1 −2 −4 
A=  3 1 3 −2 


6 3 0 −7

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25. By reducing into row echelon form, find the rank of the matrix
 
0 1 −3 −1
1 0 1 1 
A= 3 1 0 2 


1 1 −2 0
26. Show that the equations
2x − y + z = 7
−x + 4y + 2z = −3
3x + y − z = −2 and
5x − 2y + z = 12
are consistent and solve the same.
27. Show that the equations
3x + 3y + 2z = 1
x + 2y = 4
10y + 3z = −2 and
2x − 3y − z = 5
are consistent and solve the same.
28. Show that the equations
2x + 3y + 4z = 11
x + 5y + 7z = 15
3x + 11y + 13z = 25 and
2x + y + z = 5
are consistent and solve the same.
29. Show that the equations
2x − 5y + 2z = −3
−x − 3y + 3z = −1
x+y−z = 0
−x + y = 1
are inconsistent.

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30. Test the consistency of the system
2x + 3y − z = 1
3x − 4y + 3z = −1
2x − y + 2z = −3
3x + y − 2z = 4

31. Test the consistency of the system

x + y + 2z + w = 5
2x + 3y − z − 2w = 2
4x + 5y + 3z = 7

32. Show that the equations

5x + 3y + 7z = 4
7x + 2y + 10z = 5 and
3x + 26y + 2z = 9
are consistent and solve the same.
33. Solve the system of equations
x+y−z = 0
2x − y + z = 3
4x + 2y − 2z = 2

34. Solve the system of equations

x + y − 2z + u + 3v = 1
2x − y + 2z + 2u + 6v = 2
3x + 2y − 4z − 3u − 9v = 3

35. Determine the values of a and b for which the system

x + 2y + 3z = 6
x + 3y + 5z = 9
2x + 5y + az = b
has (i) no solution ; (ii) unique solution ; (iii) infinite number of solutions.
Find the solution in case (ii) and (iii).

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36. For what value of λ and µ do the system of equations
x+y+z = 6
x + 2y + 3z = 10
x + 2y + λz = µ
has (i) no solution ; (ii) unique solution ; (iii) more than one solution.
37. Find the values of k, for which the equations
x+y+z = 1
x + 2y + 3z = k and
x + 5y + 9z = k 2
have a solution. For these values of k, find the solutions also.
38. Solve the system of homogeneous equations
x + 2y + 3z = 0
3x + 4y + 4z = 0
7x + 10y + 12z = 0

39. Show that the equations

x + 3y − 2z = 0
2x − y + 4z = 0 and
x − 11y + 14z = 0
have a non-trivial solution and find it.
40. Solve the system of homogeneous equations
4x + 2y + z + 3w = 0
6x + 3y + 4z + 7w = 0
2x + y + w = 0

41. Determine the value of λ for which the equations

3x + y − λz = 0
4x − 2y − 3z = 0
2λx + 4y + λz = 0
may possess non-trivial solution. Also find the non-trivial solution.

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42. Show that the vectors (2, 3, 0), (1, 2, 0) and (8, 13, 0) are linearly
dependent and find a relation connecting them.
43. Show that the vectors (1, 2, 1), (4, 1, 2), (6, 5, 4) and (-3, 8, 1) are
linearly dependent and find a relation connecting them.
44. Show that the vectors (1, 2, -1, 0), (1, 3, 1, 2), (4, 2, 1, 0) and (6, 1, 0,
1) are linearly dependent.
 
1 −2
45. Find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the matrix A =
−5 4
 
−5 2
46. Find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the matrix A =
2 −2
 
3 −1
47. Find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the matrix A =
1 1
 
11 −4 −7
48. Find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the matrix A =  7 −2 −5 
10 −4 −6
 
2 2 1
49. Find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the matrix A =  1 3 1 
1 2 2
 
3 10 5
50. Find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the matrix A =  −2 −3 −4 
2 5 7
 
2 1 0
51. Find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the matrix A =  0 2 1 
0 0 2
 
2 1 −1
52. Find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the matrix A =  1 1 −2 
−1 −2 1
 
2 1 1
53. If 1 is an eigenvalue of  1 2 1 , without using its characteristic equa-
1 1 2
tion, find the other eigenvalues.

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19 6
54. Find the eigenvalues of the matrix A if A2 =
18 7
1
55. If λ is an eigen value of an orthogonal matrix, show that is also its
λ
eigen value.
 
2 −2 2
56. Determine whether or not the matrix A =  1 1 1  is diagonaliz-
1 3 −1
able.

***END***

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