EXPERIMENT NUMBER-1.

2
Student Name: DIYA SANGAR UID:21BCS2632
Branch: BE-CSE Section/Group:22B
Semester:1st Date :- 21 September 2021

AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT-: To determine the diffraction using laser beam and find the grating element
of diffraction grating.

APPARATUS-
S. No. Equipment Range Quantity
1. Power supply 5m v/3 – 12v 1
Operating voltage

2. Laser 400 – 700 nm 1

3. Grating 250 – 500 lines per 1

mm
4. Stand - 2

OBSERVATIONS-

S. No. Order of Position Position Mean Distance SinƟ d =nλ/SinƟ

diffraction(n of nth of nth distance between = (m)
) order order of nth Grating and OP/√(OP2+
maxima maxima order screen (D) (m) D2)
on left on right maxima
(OP)(m) (OP’)(m) from
zeroth
order
OP(m)
1. 1 1.1 1.1 1.1 6 0.180 0.0000033
1 3
2. 2 2.3 2.3 2.3 6 0.358 0.0000033
5
Subject Name: Physics for Engineers Subject code: 21SPH-141
 3. 3 3.9 3.9 3.4 6 0.545 0.0000033
0

Subject Name: Physics for Engineers Subject code: 21SPH-141

 CALCULATIONS-

Distance between grating line and Screen(D)=6m

Wavelength of laser=600mm
Grating line per millimeters=300
Standard value of d=1mm/300=0.0033mm
=0.00000333m

When n=1,

D=6m

Sinθ=1.1/√(1.1)²+(6)²=1.1/6.1=0.180

d₁=n ‫ג‬/sinθ
d₁=1*600*10⁻⁹/0.180
d₁=3333.3*10⁻⁹=0.00000333m

When n=2,

D=6m

Sinθ=2.3/√(2.3)²+(6)²=2.3/6.42=0.358

d₂=n ‫ג‬/sinθ
d₂=2*600*10⁻⁹/0.358
d₂=3351.9*10⁻⁹=0.00000335m

When n=3,

D=6m

Sinθ=3.9/√(3.9)²+(6)²=3.9/7.15=0.545

d₃=3*600*10⁻⁹/0.545
1 d₃=3302.7*10⁻⁹
d₃=0.00000330m
d(avg)=(d₁+d₂+d₃)/3
Subject Name: Physics for Engineers Subject code: 21SPH-141
 d(avg)=(0.00000333+0.00000335+0.00000330)/3
d(avg)=0.00000998/3
d(avg)=0.00000332m

PERCENTAGE ERROR-

(standard value - observed value)

=--------------------------------------------------------- X100%

Standard value
(0.00000333 – 0.00000332)
=------------------------------------------X100%
0.00000333

== ERROR=0.300%

GRAPH (ATTACH IF ANY)-

Subject Name: Physics for Engineers Subject code: 21SPH-141

 SOURCES OF ERROR-

1. May be the diffraction grating is cheap and the lines are not accurate.
2. Misreading the vernier scale.
3. Error in the number of slits per meter.

RESULTS AND DISCUSION-

Result:
Observed value of grating element, d = 0.00000332m
Standard value of grating element, d = 0.00000333m
% age error =0.300%

Discussion:
We found out a diffraction grating has a very large number of equally spaced slits. When
parallel light is incident on a diffraction grating each slit acts as on a source of diffracted
wave. Those waves therefore interact with one another diffracted light shine on a distant
screen which has a center bright spot labelled m=0 and a higher order bright fringes that
can also be observed.

LEARNING OUTCOMES
 It will provide the modest experience that allows students
to develop and improve their experimental skills and
develop ability to analyze data.
 Ability to demonstrate the practical skill on
measurements and instrumentation techniques of some
Physics experiments. Students will develop the ability to
use appropriate physical concepts to obtain quantitative
solutions to problems in physics.
 Students will demonstrate basic experimental skills by
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setting up laboratory equipment safely and efficiently,
plan and carry out experimental procedures, and report
verbally and in written language the results of the
Subject Name: Physics for Engineers Subject code: 21SPH-141
 experiment.
 Students will develop skills by the practice of setting up
and conducting an experiment with due regards to
minimizing
measurement error.

Subject Name: Physics for Engineers Subject code: 21SPH-141

 EVALUATION COLUMN (To be filled by concerned faculty only)

Sr. No. Parameters Maximu Marks

m Obtain
Marks ed
1. Worksheet completion including 10
writing learning
objectives/Outcomes. (To be
submitted at the end of the day)
2. Post Lab Quiz Result. 5

3. Student Engagement in 5
Simulation/Demonstration/Performan
ce and Controls/Pre-Lab Questions.
4. Total Marks 20
5. Teacher’s Signature (with date)

Subject Name: Physics for Engineers Subject code: 21SPH-141