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Ten Tips for Online Learning

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1. Dark field 123 hh 6yh

2. Bright Field 44 45 66

3. diffraction 56 rt hh

Claire Major
2020
4. SAED METALLOGRAPHIC Electrolytic polishing, or
PREPARATION of electropolishing, is
many materials can be difficult by used widely in the metallography of
mechanical stainless
means. For example, metals and alloys steels, copper alloys, aluminum alloys,
with a magnesium,
hardness of less than approximately 20 zirconium, and other metals that are
HV require difficult
special treatments, because many to polish by conventional mechanical
abrasive methods. When electropolishing is
particles can embed in the section correctlyperformed,
during abrasion, the prepared surfaces are scratch-free
and because it is difficult to obtain an and the deformation from cutting and
adequately grinding
scratch-free final polish (e.g., see the is removed. Hence, the method is ideal
section “Very Soft Materials” in the for preparation
article “Mechanical of metals that are difficult to polish
Grinding and Polishing” in this mechanically,
Volume). especially where disturbed metal or
Certain pure refractory metals (e.g., mechanical twinning artifacts are
titanium, problems.
zirconium, niobium, and uranium) are These characteristics are valuable for
soft very lowload
and readily twin at low strain rates, microhardness testing or for
and artifactfree transmission
mechanical polishing of these metals electron microscopy thin-foil work.
is difficult. When electropolishing
In these cases, the elimination of is used in metallography, it is
artifacts preceded
or scratches from fine polishing may by mechanical grinding (and
be achieved sometimes
by methods such as attack polishing, polishing) and followed by etching.
vibratory
polishing, chemical polishing,
electrolytic polishing,
and electromechanical polishing.
Attack
polishing, vibratory polishing, and
electromechanical
polishing employ some mechanical
Claire Major
2020
means and are described in the
preceding article,
“Mechanical Grinding and Polishing,”
in this
Volume

5. BN How could that

6. JH

7. GH

Claire Major
2020

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