Research Purposes

Outline

• Research Approaches
• Significance of Research
• Research Methods vs Methodology
• Research Process
• Criteria of Good Research

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Research Approaches

Quantitative approach Qualitative approach

Inferential approach

Experimental approach

Simulation approach

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Research Approaches
Quantitative approach
• Involves the generation of data in quantitative form which can be subjected to
rigorous quantitative analysis
Inferential approach
• The purpose is to form a data base from which to infer characteristics or
relationships of population
Experimental approach
• Characterized by much greater control over the research environment and in this
case some variables are manipulated to observe their effect on other variables

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Research Approaches
Simulation approach
• Involves the construction of an artificial environment within which relevant
information and data can be generated

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Research Approaches
Simulation approach
• Involves the construction of an artificial environment within which relevant
information and data can be generated

Qualitative approach
• Is concerned with subjective assessment of attitudes, opinions, and behaviour
• Research in such a situation is a function of researcher’s insights and impressions.

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Research Approaches
Approach Purpose
Quantitative To describe phenomena
numerically to answer specific
questions or hypotheses
Qualitative To provide rich narrative
descriptions with words of
phenomena that enhance
understanding
Example
The relationship between
amount of homework and
student achievement
Observations of school
renewal teams to
understand the role of
parents
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Significance of Research

“All progress is born of inquiry. Doubt is often better than overconfidence, for it leads
to inquiry, and inquiry leads to invention.

-Hudson Maxim

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Significance of Research

“All progress is born of inquiry. Doubt is often better than overconfidence, for it leads
to inquiry, and inquiry leads to invention.

-Hudson Maxim

“I know that I know nothing.”

-Socrates

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Significance of Research

Research inculcates scientific and inductive thinking and it promotes the

development of logical habits of thinking and organization

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Significance of Research

Research inculcates scientific and inductive thinking and it promotes the

development of logical habits of thinking and organization

The role of research in several fields of applied economics, whether related to

business or to the economy as a whole, has greatly increased in modern times

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Significance of Research

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graphfarm/ and-development-spending

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Significance of Research

https://www.vox.com/2017/9/1/16236506/tech-amazon-apple-gdp-spending-productivity

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Significance of Research

Research inculcates scientific and inductive thinking and it promotes the

development of logical habits of thinking and organization

The role of research in several fields of applied economics, whether related to

business or to the economy as a whole, has greatly increased in modern times

Research provides the basis for nearly all government policies in our economic
system

Research has its special significance in solving various operational and planning
problems of business and industry

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Significance of Research

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12#:~:text=Several%20ex%2Demployees%20of%20Apple,Insider's%20homepage%20for%20more%20stories.

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Significance of Research

Research inculcates scientific and inductive thinking and it promotes the

development of logical habits of thinking and organization

The role of research in several fields of applied economics, whether related to

business or to the economy as a whole, has greatly increased in modern times

Research provides the basis for nearly all government policies in our economic
system

Research has its special significance in solving various operational and planning
problems of business and industry

Research is equally important for social scientists in studying social relationships and
in seeking answers to various social problems.

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Significance of Research

The significance of research can also be understood in view of the following points:

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Significance of Research

The significance of research can also be understood in view of the following points:

• To those students who are to write master’s or PhD thesis, research may mean a
careerism or a way to attain a high position in the social structure

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Significance of Research

The significance of research can also be understood in view of the following points:

• To those students who are to write master’s or PhD thesis, research may mean a
careerism or a way to attain a high position in the social structure
• To professionals in research methodology, research may mean a source of
livelihood

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Significance of Research

The significance of research can also be understood in view of the following points:

• To those students who are to write master’s or PhD thesis, research may mean a
careerism or a way to attain a high position in the social structure
• To professionals in research methodology, research may mean a source of
livelihood
• To philosophers and thinkers, research may mean the outlet for new ideas and
insights

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Significance of Research

The significance of research can also be understood in view of the following points:

• To those students who are to write master’s or PhD thesis, research may mean a
careerism or a way to attain a high position in the social structure
• To professionals in research methodology, research may mean a source of
livelihood
• To philosophers and thinkers, research may mean the outlet for new ideas and
insights
• To literary men and women, research may mean the development of new styles
and creative work

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Significance of Research

The significance of research can also be understood in view of the following points:

• To those students who are to write master’s or PhD thesis, research may mean a
careerism or a way to attain a high position in the social structure
• To professionals in research methodology, research may mean a source of
livelihood
• To philosophers and thinkers, research may mean the outlet for new ideas and
insights
• To literary men and women, research may mean the development of new styles
and creative work
• To analysts and intellectuals, research may mean the generalizations of new
theories

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Research Methods vs Methodology
Research methods
• All those methods/techniques that are used in the conduct of research

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Research Methods vs Methodology
Research methods
• All those methods/techniques that are used in the conduct of research

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Research Methods vs Methodology
Research methods
• All those methods/techniques that are used in the conduct of research

Research methodology
• A way to systematically solve the research problem.
• It may be understood as a science of studying how research is done scientifically.

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Research Process

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Criteria of Good Research
1. The purpose of the research should be clearly defined.

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Criteria of Good Research
1. The purpose of the research should be clearly defined.
2. The research procedure used should be described in sufficient detail to permit
another researcher to repeat the research for further advancement.

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Criteria of Good Research
1. The purpose of the research should be clearly defined.
2. The research procedure used should be described in sufficient detail to permit
another researcher to repeat the research for further advancement.
3. The procedural design of the research should be carefully planned to yield results
that are as objective as possible.

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Criteria of Good Research
1. The purpose of the research should be clearly defined.
2. The research procedure used should be described in sufficient detail to permit
another researcher to repeat the research for further advancement.
3. The procedural design of the research should be carefully planned to yield results
that are as objective as possible.
4. The researcher should report with complete frankness, flaws in procedural design
and estimate their effects upon the findings.

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Criteria of Good Research
1. The purpose of the research should be clearly defined.
2. The research procedure used should be described in sufficient detail to permit
another researcher to repeat the research for further advancement.
3. The procedural design of the research should be carefully planned to yield results
that are as objective as possible.
4. The researcher should report with complete frankness, flaws in procedural design
and estimate their effects upon the findings.
5. The analysis of data should be sufficiently adequate to reveal its significance and
the methods of analysis should be appropriate.

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Criteria of Good Research
1. The purpose of the research should be clearly defined.
2. The research procedure used should be described in sufficient detail to permit
another researcher to repeat the research for further advancement.
3. The procedural design of the research should be carefully planned to yield results
that are as objective as possible.
4. The researcher should report with complete frankness, flaws in procedural design
and estimate their effects upon the findings.
5. The analysis of data should be sufficiently adequate to reveal its significance and
the methods of analysis should be appropriate.
6. Conclusions should be confined to those justified by the data of the research.

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Criteria of Good Research
1. The purpose of the research should be clearly defined.
2. The research procedure used should be described in sufficient detail to permit
another researcher to repeat the research for further advancement.
3. The procedural design of the research should be carefully planned to yield results
that are as objective as possible.
4. The researcher should report with complete frankness, flaws in procedural design
and estimate their effects upon the findings.
5. The analysis of data should be sufficiently adequate to reveal its significance and
the methods of analysis should be appropriate.
6. Conclusions should be confined to those justified by the data of the research.
7. Greater confidence in research is warranted if the researcher is experienced, has a
good reputation in research and is a person of integrity.

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Qualities of a good research
1. Good research is systematic

• Structured with specified steps to be taken in a specified sequence in

accordance with well-defined set of rules.

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Qualities of a good research
1. Good research is systematic

• Structured with specified steps to be taken in a specified sequence in

accordance with well-defined set of rules.

2. Good research is logical

• Guided by the rules of logical reasoning and the logical process of induction
and deduction

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Qualities of a good research
3. Good research is empirical

• Related to one or more aspects of a real situation

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Qualities of a good research
3. Good research is empirical

• Related to one or more aspects of a real situation

4. Good research is replicable

• Allows research results to be verified by replicating the study and thereby

building a sound basis for decisions

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