Practical Research 2 – Grade 11

Quarter 3 – Module 1: The Characteristics of Quantitative Research

First Edition, 2020

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 Practical 11
Research 2
Quarter 3
Self-Learning Module 1
The Characteristics of Quantitative Research

Introductory Message
 For the Facilitator:

Welcome to Practical Research 2 Grade 11 Self-Learning Module on The

Characteristics of Quantitative Research!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and

independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims
to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely:
Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them
to manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the Learner:

Welcome to Practical Research 2 Self-Learning Module on The

Characteristics of Quantitative Research!
 This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an
active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module. 

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS

This module aims to enlighten you on the nature of quantitative research

specifically on its characteristics. It will guide you to understand the main
characteristics of quantitative research.

The module describes the characteristics of quantitative research.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. describe the characteristics of quantitative research;
2. differentiate quantitative research to qualitative research; and,
3. explore a sample quantitative research describing the evident
characteristics of quantitative research

PRETEST

Directions: Read the following statements carefully. Choose the letter

of the best answer. Write your answer in your notebook.

1. Which characteristic of quantitative research is evident if the conclusions

and problem solutions are interpreted by the researcher based on the target
concepts?
A. Objective
B. Numerical Data
C. Structured Research Instruments
D. Clearly defined Research Questions

2. What characteristic of quantitative research is applied when the

researcher uses structured research tools such as questionnaires to collect
measurable characteristics of the population?
A. Objective
B. Numerical Data
C. Structured Research Instruments
D. Clearly defined Research Questions
3. Quantitative research differs from qualitative research in terms of
participants. What is the characteristic of the participants in quantitative
research?
A. Large and randomly selected
B. Large and purposely selected
C. Small and randomly selected
D. Small and purposely selected

4. Quantitative research differs from qualitative research in terms of data

being presented by the researcher. How does a researcher present data in
quantitative research?
A. non-numerical
B. numerical
C. textual
D. verbal

5. To determine if there is the same result in Pasig City, a researcher

repeated the study conducted on the effectiveness of having mobile palengke
to lessen public market trips in Valenzuela City. What is the most evident
characteristic of quantitative research is used by the researcher?
A. Structured Research Instruments
B. Large Sample Size
C. Numerical Data
D. Replication

RECAP

In your Practical Research 1, you were able to explore qualitative

research. Do you still remember what is qualitative research and its
qualities?
Write down 5 words and/or phrases that you remember about
qualitative research.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
 Indeed, it is great that you could still remember qualitative research.

LESSON

Quantitative research is an objective, systematic, empirical

investigation of the observable phenomena through the use of computational
techniques. It highlights numerical analysis of data hoping that the
numbers yield unbiased results that can be generalized to some larger
population and explain a particular observation. Simple quantitative
research is concerned with numbers and its relationship with events.
(Faltado et. al 2017)

Quantitative research has seven (7) characteristics and these are the
following:

1. Objective. Quantitative research is objective. This means that the

researcher is unbiased. His/her main goal is to look for accurate
measurement and analysis of target concepts of inquiry. In doing this type of
research, the researcher does not consider his/her personal
opinion/perspective in his/her findings.

2. Clearly defined Research Questions. In quantitative research, the

researcher is expected to have clearly defined research questions to which
the objective answers are gathered. Unlike in qualitative research where the
researcher has flexible research questions as the researcher conducts the
study.

3. Structured Research Instruments. Quantitative research normally

gathers data using structured research tools such as questionnaires to
collect measurable characteristics of the population such as age, gender,
religion, etc. It is expected in quantitative research that the researcher
designs his/her instrument/tool to contain closed-ended questions. It is for
him/her to make the data measurable.

4. Numerical Data. Normally, the data in the quantitative research is in the

form of numbers and statistics, and organized and presented using tables,
charts, graphs, and figures that consolidate large numbers of data to show
trends, relationships or differences among variables. This is in contrast with
the qualitative research, where the data are in the verbal language (in
words).

5. Large Sample sizes. To have a more reliable data analysis, quantitative

research considers the normal population. It usually involves a large
number of population sizes, depending on how the characteristics of the
population vary. The researcher usually selects the number of respondents
randomly to become objective with the results of the study. Unlike in
qualitative research where the participants of the study are few and
purposively selected.

6. Replication. If quantitative research is reliable, usually, it can be

replicated or repeated to verify and confirm the results of such study in
another setting. This happens as a researcher conducts a study copying the
process done by other researchers and determines if the result of the
original study would be the same if a different set of participants/time/place
would be used.

7. Future Outcomes. With the help of complex mathematical calculations

and computers, quantitative research can be used to generalize concepts
widely, predict future results, or investigate a causal relationship.
Quantitative research collects and analyzes data from a sample to make
generalizations and predicts about a population. For instance, using
mathematical calculations, a researcher can answer easily the percentage of
students that belongs to a specific group, the general opinion of students
with the mandatory opening of classes, or predict the test scores on a unit
test of a student using the number of hours he spends studying
independently, and/or identify possible causes for the differences in the
scores of the students on the annual standardized test.
 ACTIVITIES

Directions: Complete the needed information on the given tables. Write your
answer in your notebook.
1. Describe the characteristics of quantitative research in your own words
by completing the table below.

Characteristics of
Description
Quantitative Research

1. Objective

2. Clearly defined research questions

3. Structured research instruments

4. Large sample size

5. Numerical data

6. Replication

7.Future outcomes

2. Differentiate quantitative to qualitative research using the Venn diagram.

 Quantitative Qualitative
Research Research

3. Explore a sample quantitative research in your area of specialization.

From at least one (1) family member/relative/friend who has conducted
quantitative research, interview him/her of his/her study, and complete the
following table.

Title of the Research

Name of the researcher
Characteristics of
Quantitative observed
(you may interview the
researcher for
unobservable
characteristics to
confirm)
Your impression on the
quantitative research
paper sample

WRAP-UP

To summarize what you have learned today, in your notebook, draw

something you can relate to quantitative research. Write a 5-sentence
paragraph to explain your work.
 VALUING

Nowadays, we are generally aware of the things happening in our

surroundings caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic. How would you apply
your knowledge of the characteristics of quantitative research in this
phenomenon? How important is research in this pandemic? Write your
answer in your notebook.

POSTTEST

Directions: Read the following statements carefully. Choose the letter of the
best answer. Write your answer in your notebook.

1. Which characteristic of quantitative research is evident when the

researcher uses numbers and statistics in presenting the results?
A. Objective
B. Numerical Data
C. Structured Research Instruments
D. Clearly defined Research Questions
2. What characteristic of quantitative research is utilized when the research
questions are well-defined and stated in advance for which objective
answers are sought?
A. Numerical Data
B. Future Outcomes
C. Large Sample Size
D. Clearly defined research questions

3. Quantitative research is different from qualitative research in terms of

data analysis. What does a researcher use to analyze data in quantitative
research?
A. Codes
B. Patterns
C. Statistics
D. Themes

4. Quantitative research is different from qualitative research in terms of

research instruments. Which of the following instrument is best used in
conducting quantitative research?
A. interview
B. journal
C. observation
D. questionnaire

5. A research aims to find out the percentage of Manila private universities

considering the use of grammar textbooks as the most effective way to help
college students attain communicative competence. What is the most
evident characteristic of quantitative research used by the researcher?
A. Objective
B. Replication
C. Numerical Data
D. Structured Research Instrument
 KEY TO CORRECTION

Pretest Posttest
1. A 1. B
2. C 2. D
3. A 3. C
4. B 4. D
5. D 5. C

References

Ballera, Charlene B., Jonalyn D. Gungon, Mary Jane A. Dalisay, and

Renee Rose C. Reyes. 2019. Practical Research 2: Learning Module for
Senior High School. Unpublished.

Faltado III, Ruben E., Medardo B. Bombita, Helen B. Boholano and

Angeline Pogoy. 2017. Practical Research 2: Quantitative Research for
Senior High School). Cubao, Quezon City: Lorimar Publishing Inc.