ESGUERRA, ROMA P.

9. What is the role of cholesterol in the body?

The cholesterol is one of the organic molecules and fat-like substances that is essential in the
human body. According to Independent Nurse (2012), it is crucial for the structural integrity and the
building blocks of all the cells in the body, as well as protection to its external environment. In addition,
it helps in transporting fats in the body. Some glands need cholesterol to produce steroid hormones
such as estrogen, cortisol, and testosterone. Cholesterol is also utilized by the skin during the conversion
of sunlight into vitamin D. Not only that, but it also helps liver in the production of bile acids that
dissolves fat during digestion. Moreover, it is one of the constituents of the myelin sheath that covers
the nerves as well as allows proper signal transmission. As stated by Better Health (2020), when there is
an excess cholesterol, it is responsible for the formation of plaque in the artery walls or known as
atherosclerosis. This given situation can restrict the flow of the blood, thus, resulting to various
cardiovascular diseases.

10. What are the difference between catabolism and anabolism? Explain Thoroughly.

Metabolism is a set of chemical processes that takes place in living organism in which catabolism and
anabolism are involved.

The food that we eat goes through the process of digestion and then absorption to produce food for the
cells.

Catabolism is the process of which the components obtained from food breaks down complex molecules
into simpler ones. As an example of this is proteins, a macromolecule, is broken down into its simple
molecule known as amino acids. This action releases adenosine triphosphate which is known as the
energy currency of the cell. The energy produced is utilized for various physiological activities such as
breathing, walking, running, cell generation, and other body movements. An

On the other hand, anabolism is the process of building up of large an even more complex molecules
from simple molecules. It requires energy produced by the catabolism for the building up process. As for
examples, glucose is converted into glycogen for future use of energy and amino acid combines to form
protein, hormones, and enzymes which takes part in the growth of the human body. In addition,

Anabolism centers around growth and building — the organization of

molecules. In this process, small, simple molecules are built up into larger,
more complex ones. An example of anabolism is gluconeogenesis. This is
when the liver and kidneys produce glucose from noncarbohydrate sources.
Catabolism is what happens when you digest food and the molecules break
down in the body for use as energy. Large, complex molecules in the body are
broken down into smaller, simple ones. An example of catabolism is
glycolysis. This process is almost the reverse of gluconeogenesis.

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