ETHICS

APPLICATION FORM
(Taught Student)
Adapted Sep 2020

The completion of this form should not be seen as an end in itself but as a vehicle to ensure that you have gone
through a process of considering the ethical implications of your research in detail and that you are able to
communicate this clearly.

PLEASE CHECK THE RELEVANT BOX (NB: double click on the box and select
'checked')

BSc MSc

SECTION 1: PERSONAL DETAILS & DECLARATION

Name:      

Student Number:      

Email:      

Programme of Study & Dept:      

Supervisor:      

APPLICANT'S SIGNATURE
I confirm that this submission accords with the University Code of Conduct /
BPS / Other Body / and that all information supplied on this form is correct

Applicant's
Signature/Initials:

Date:      

SECTION 2: PROJECT DETAILS

Title of project: Music, Sports and Endurance – Does music have a

Proposed start date & duration:
positive correlation to sports endurance? If yes, are
there specific types of music and what are the
degrees of correlation between the type of music
listened to while participating in sport activity?
TBC

Purpose of the proposed investigation

The use of music during training provides a unique opportunity for trainers to motivate

participants engaged in a variety of sorts activities. However, the relationship between musical

pace and perceived effort under various metabolic demands remains unknown. Thus, the

purpose of this study was to discover whether high-intensity exercise is more susceptible to

music's therapeutic benefits than endurance exercise.

Numerous studies on the impacts of music have been conducted, culminating in several

systematic and meta-analytic evaluations (e.g., coronary heart disease—Bradt & Dileo, 2009;

cancer—Zhang et al., 2012). These evaluations drew their conclusions from a small number of

papers (ranging from 19 to 32). By comparison, the amount of research undertaken in exercise

and sport is far more. Although various narrative reviews have been published (e.g.,

Karageorghis & Priest, 2012a, 2012b; Smirmaul, 2017), no thorough quantitative evaluation of

music's impacts on exercise and sport has been published to far.

Two meta-analytic reviews (Clark et al., 2012; Kämpfe, Sedlmeier, & Renkewitz, 2011) and

two narrative reviews (Van Dyck, 2019; Ziv & Lidor, 2011) addressed research questions

relevant to the current investigation, but none provided an exhaustive summary of the central

research questions of interest. For example, Clark et al. (2012) focused exclusively on the

effectiveness of music interventions in increasing physical activity among older adults,

including only 12 studies; Kämpfe et al. (2011) conducted a more general meta-analysis of the

impact of background music on adult listeners, including a very limited number of studies on
physical activity. Ziv and Lidor (2011) reviewed 20 studies on the effects of incorporating

music into exercise programs. A distinguishing feature of the literature on this analysis is based

on is the wide range of musical stimuli, tasks, participant types, and putative effects

investigated across studies. As stated in an early study (Karageorghis & Terry, 1997), research

on music and physical activity have a history of producing ambiguous findings, in part due to

the difficulty of making fair comparisons. Thus, the sheer nature of the topic matter necessitates

the creation of a clear, objective account.

The current meta-analysis sought to measure the impacts of music in the fields of exercise and

sport. Effects were quantified in terms of Hedges' g for each of the four categories of potential

advantages outlined in Figure 1: psychological reactions, physiological responses,

psychophysical responses, and performance outcomes.

Finally, the supposed ergogenic effects of music are typically quantified using objective

performance metrics (time, distance, speed, power, repetitions, and so on). and a variety of

different types of physical performance have been evaluated experimentally (e.g., cycling—

Atkinson et al., 2004; running—Terry, Karageorghis, et al., 2012; swimming—Tate et al.,

2012). We considered including additional outcome variables (e.g., blood pressure, blood

lactate, and mood state), but our first search found a dearth of relevant research.

References

Clark, I. N., Taylor, N. F., & Baker, F. (2012). Music interventions and physical activity in

older adults: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Journal of Rehabilitation

Medicine, 44, 710–719. http://dx.doi.org/10.2340/16501977-1025

Karageorghis, C. I., & Terry, P. C. (1997). The psychophysical effects of music in sport and
exercise: A review. Journal of Sport Behavior, 20, 54 – 68. Retrieved from

http://www.cabdirect.org/abstracts/19971 804084.html

Smirmaul, B. P. C. (2017). Effect of pre-task music on sports or exercise

performance. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 57,

976–984.

Tate, A. R., Gennings, C., Hoffman, R. A., Strittmatter, A. P., & Retchin, S. M. (2012). Effects

of bone-conducted music on swimming performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning

Research, 26, 982–988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31822dcdaf

Van Dyck, E. (2019). Musical intensity applied in the sports and exercise domain: An effective

strategy to boost performance? Frontiers in Psychology, 10, e1145.

http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01145

Zhang, J. M., Wang, P., Yao, J. X., Zhao, L., Davis, M. P., Walsh, D., & Yue, G. H. (2012).

Music interventions for psychological and physical outcomes in cancer: A systematic review

and meta-analysis. Supportive Care in Cancer, 20, 3043–3053.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00520-012-1606-5

SECTION 3: ETHICS ISSUES

Ethical issues raised by the project and how these will be addressed:

1. Informed consent

2. Respect for anonymity and confidentiality

3. Respect for privacy

4. Vulnerable group of people

 5. participants have the right to withdraw

6. Beneficence- Do not harm

Inclusion criteria:

i. Minimum of 2years of resistance training

ii. Training consistently for a minimum of 5 days a week

iii. Aged between 18-35years

iv. Highly motivated persons

Exclusion criteria:

i. Reported use of anabolic steroids or any other illegal supplement

ii. Deaf or persons with hearing problems

iii. Medical history of strokes

iv. Family history of cardiovascular diseases

v. Any injury that will interfere with the ability to perform the exercise safely

There is a risk of injury associated with any exposure to resistance exercise. All ten repetition

maximum testing and each condition will be overseen by a Level 3 representative qualified

personal trainer to guarantee proper form and assist the subject in "spotting" themselves as they

execute the repetitions. Each practice will begin with an adequate warm-up to minimize the

chance of injury and to ensure peak performance.

A certified First Aider will be available

Each participant will receive the research overview in its entirety prior to fully volunteering;

they will have the opportunity to ask any questions and will have the right to withdraw from the

study at any moment without providing a reason. The research team will monitor each

participant's stress level and end the study if the researcher believes the participant's health is at
risk. Participants will be advised of any potential dangers and will be required to consent in an

informed manner. Additionally, a health questionnaire will need to be completed. All

participant data will be saved on a laptop to which only the lead researcher will have password-

protected access. Any information that may be published will be anonymous.

Have you completed the participant consent form? (see below)

YES NO

How will confidentiality and anonymity be ensured?

Will any special/vulnerable populations be involved in the research?

YES NO

If yes, please provide further information about the population and potential issues that
may arise from their inclusion:

Will participants have the right to withdraw from the study?

YES NO

If yes, please include the procedure participants will follow to withdraw from your study:

Will the study involve deception?

YES NO

If yes, please complete the participant debrief form (see below)

Have you completed the health & safety risk assessment form? (see below)
YES NO
 SECTION 4: ETHICS DECISION
Application approved

Application approved subject to conditions

Applicant to make substantial revisions and resubmit the application

Application to be referred to the Ethics Committee

Details of Decision      

Making Panel:

Signature & Position:      

Please use an electronic signature or type your name

Print Name:      

Date:      

Appendices

• Consent Form
• Debrief Form
• Health & Safety Risk Assessment Form
Appendix 1. Participant Consent Form
 PARTICIPANT CONSENT FORM

Title of Research Project:

Brief Description of Research Project, and What Participation Involves:

Note: Please include what participation involves (if appropriate), where it will take place, how
long it will take and how many participants there are likely to be.

For interview based studies: State any limits on confidentiality

Please use wording along the lines of:

The interview will be tape recorded, and transcribed with any identifying details removed. The
transcript, or extracts from, may appear in my report and in publications arising from it. The
tapes may be heard by my supervisor and others who might be involved in examining the
report.

Everything you say will be treated confidentiality, but there is a limit to this: if you disclose a risk
of serious harm then I may need to take appropriate action (this adheres to the ethical
guidelines of the …………).

For questionnaire based studies:

State that the data will be collected in a way that makes it fully anonymous.
Please use wording along the lines of:
No identifying details will be recorded on your questionnaire response so that your data will be
completely anonymous and it will therefore not be possible to link your consent form to your
questionnaire response or to the data arising from it. You will be asked to assign a code number
to your data which only you will know, so if you wish to withdraw your data you will be able to do
this by providing the research with your code number

Investigator Contact Details:

Name
Department
University Address
Postcode
Email
 Telephone

Consent Statement:

I agree to take part in this research, and am aware that I am free to withdraw at any point
without giving a reason, although if I do so I understand that my data might still be used in a
collated form. I understand that the information I provide will be treated in confidence by the
investigator and that my identity will be protected in the publication of any findings.
By signing this form, you are confirming that you have read, understood and agree with the
University's Data Privacy Notice for Research Participants.

Name ………………………………….

Signature ………………………………

Date ……………………………………

Please note: if you have a concern about any aspect of your participation or any other queries
please raise this with the investigator or the Supervisor. However, if you would like to contact an
independent party please contact the Head of Department.

Supervisor Contact Details: Head of Department Contact Details:

Name Name
Department Department
University Address University Address
Postcode Postcode
Email Email
Telephone Telephone
Appendix 2. Participant Debrief Form

Participant Number: __________

PARTICIPANT DEBRIEF

Title of Research Project:

Thank you very much for taking part in our study, we greatly appreciate your contribution.

This study is designed to examine the factors that might … Brief Description of Research
Project, and your participation is extremely valuable.

All data gathered during this study will be held securely and anonymously. If you wish to
withdraw from the study, contact us with your participant number (above) and your information
will be deleted from our files.

Should you have any concern about any aspect of your participation in this study, please raise it
with the investigator in the first instance or with the Project Supervisor or Head of Department.

Investigator Project Supervisor Head of Department

Name Name Name

Department Department Department
Address Address Address
Email: Email: Email:
Tel: Tel: Tel :

If you are a student at Roehampton University and are troubled or worried about any aspect of
the study, or issues it may have raised, you may find it helpful to contact one of the following
who will be able to advise you on agencies that can deal with your particular concern:

Student Welfare Officers:

…………….
…………….
…………….

If you feel your concerns are more serious or complex you may wish to contact the

If you are a non-student you may find it helpful to contact your GP or one of the following who
will be able to advise you on agencies that can deal with your particular concern:
[Agree with supervisor on appropriate agencies]

Appendix 3. Health & Safety Risk Assessment

Title:
Risk
Assessment Event / Date
No: Activity: Assessed: Assessor's Name:
Uncontrolled
Risk Residual Risk
Severity x Severity x
Likelihood = Risk Likelihood = Further
Rating Control Risk Risk Rating Action
Hazard To Whom S L R by S L R Needed
List the hazards Who will 0 List how you 0
involved in your be will control this
project affected hazard
by the risk

 Risk
Severity Matrix
HIGH 3 Fatality or major
injury causing
long-term disability H M L
MEDIUM 2 Injury or illness
causing short-term
disability H 9 6 3
Other injury or
LOW 1 illness M 6 4 2
Likelihood L 3 2 1
Certain or
HIGH 3 near certain
Reasonably
MEDIUM 2 likely Risk Rating
Very seldom 6 - 9 HIGH Immediate action required to
LOW 1 or never RISK reduce risk
3 - 4 MEDIUM Seek to further reduce risk
RISK
1 - 2 LOW No action but continue to
RISK monitor