STATISTICS 1

Research Memo and Labour Markets

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STATISTICS 2

Introduction

Canada labour laws have been characterised by a longstanding commitment to achieving

gender equality in the labour market. Therefore, the federal government has implemented several

measures to achieve this endeavour through its governance framework. Special emphasis has

since been employed in labour policies and institutions. Other macro-economic and micro-

economic factors have also contributed to a change in the labour structure in the country.
STATISTICS 3

Presentation of Data tables

1. Unemployment rates

Male Female
Unemployment rate [June 2021] 8.2% 7.4%
Unemployment rate 2020 8.9% 8.6%
Unemployment rate 2019 6.0% 5.4%
Unemployment (x 1,000) – June 2021 882.4 709.2
Labour breakdown
2018 73.2% 64.2%
2017 73.1% 64.0%
2016 73.2% 64.1%
2016 73.6% 64.4%
Link: https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/210709/dq210709a-eng.htm

2. Labor force participation

June 2021 Male > 15 years Female > 15 years

Population (x 1,000) 15450.40 15,823.60
Labor force (x 1,000) 10,779.60 9,601.90
Employment (x 1,000) 9,897.20 8,892.70
Full time employment (x 1,000) 8,613.40 6,630.90
Part time employment (x 1,000) 1242.00 2,261.80
Labor force participation rate 69.80% 60.60%
Employment rate 64.10% 56.20%
Unionized jobs – 2018 26.0% 30.7%
Jobs in PEHS (Public administration, 14.9% 40.2%
education services, health care and social
assistance) – 2018
Links:
1. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1410028703&pickMembers
%5B0%5D=3.2&pickMembers
%5B1%5D=4.1&cubeTimeFrame.startMonth=06&cubeTimeFrame.startYear=2021&ref
erencePeriods=20210601%2C20210601
2. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/11-626-x/11-626-x2018086-eng.htm
STATISTICS 4

Data description

Employment trends for permanent employment, unionization, full-time employment and

pension coverage are visibly different. The percentage of women employed in unionized jobs

and full-time jobs has remained virtually the same from the data. However, there has been an

increase in the number of female employees in the registered pension schemes has considerably

increased. While the population of women per 1,000 persons is higher than that of men, the

labour participation of women is substantially lower than that of men. Males dominate in full-

time employment only. Surprisingly, females dominate in part-time jobs, unionized jobs, jobs in

PEHS. Following the COVID19 work from home policies, significant impacts were observed in

male populations as most full-time employees were laid off. Most of the PEHS jobs and

unionized jobs embraced online platforms (Statistics Canada, 2021a). For instance, educational

services and social assistance adopted work-from-home policies.

The statistics also indicate that women have been acquiring better-paying occupations

than their male counterparts. Furthermore, women experienced significant gains in job tenure

and educational attainment than men. Therefore, this translates to a higher wager growth than

men. Regarding layoffs, there has been a significant change due to institutional and technological

changes observed in Canada. Furthermore, other factors contributing to changes in layoffs

include the degree of competition in the labour market and trends in international trade.

However, women are categorized as youths and immigrants by most employers. Therefore, the

only significant statistics for layoffs by the Canadian Statistics are only for male employees

(Statistics Canada, 2021b). In population groups categorized as visible minorities, the

employment rate for females was more substantial than that of males.
STATISTICS 5

Furthermore, labour markets have significantly improved for youths and students.

Nevertheless, gains among the female youths and students were observed to be stronger. Female

youths and students had an employment gain of +18.9%, while male youths and students were

+13.4%. Therefore, the employment rate of female youths and students hit 69.4%, while that of

male youths and students grew only to 65.4%. Most of the employment gains were observed in

accommodation, retail trade, culture and recreation, information food services, and public health.

As followed, full-time employments fell drastically whereas part-time employments increased

during the pandemic. Notably, most of the sectors affected by the pandemic are male-dominated,

including warehousing, manufacturing and transportation, and construction. The statistics

suggest that employment will rise in in-person services such as healthcare and social assistance

education services (Statistics Canada, 2021c). This favours a steadier increase in employment

rates for women than for men.

While the above statistics indicate that the employment rate of men is higher than that of

women, the reverse is on the verge. This is because women are becoming more likely to be

employed in professional and related jobs as compared to men. However, the trend suggests

there is some parity in occupations in finance, business, and management. Nevertheless, the

trend indicates that men are still likely to dominate in the transport, warehousing, and

construction professions.
STATISTICS 6

References

Statistics Canada. (2021a). Canada Labor Force Characteristics. Statistique Canada. Retrieved

from https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1410028703&pickMembers

%5B0%5D=3.2&pickMembers

%5B1%5D=4.1&cubeTimeFrame.startMonth=06&cubeTimeFrame.startYear=2021&ref

erencePeriods=20210601%2C20210601

Statistics Canada. (2021b). Changing Characteristics of Canadian Jobs. Statistique Canada.

Economic Insights. Retrieved from https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/11-626-x/11-

626-x2018086-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. (2021c). Labor Force Survey, 2021. Statistique Canada. Retrieved from

https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/210709/dq210709a-eng.htm