Name: _________________________________________________ Grade/Score:____________

Year and Section: ________________________________________ Date:___________________

ACTIVITY 3
Subject: MAPEH 10

VOCAL AND DANCE FORMS OF LATIN AMERICAN MUSIC

1. Cumbia
Originating in Panama and Colombia, the cumbia became a popular African
courtship dance with European and African instrumentation and characteristics.
2. Tango
The word tango may have been of African origin meaning “African dance” or
from the Spanish word taner meaning “to play” (an instrument).
3. Cha Cha
The cha cha is a ballroom dance the originated in Cuba
in 1953, derived from the mambo and its characteristic
rhythm of 2 crochets – 3 quavers – quaver rest, with a
syncopation on the fourth beat.
4. Rumba
The rumba popular recreational dance of Afro-Cuban origin, performed in a
complex duple meter pattern and tresillo, which is a dotted quaver – dotted quaver
– dotted semiquaver rhythm.
5. Bossa nova
Bossa nova originated in 1958-59 as a movement effecting a radical change in
the classic Cuban samba. The word bossa comes from the Brazilian capital of Rio
de Janeiro, which means either “trend” or “something charming,” integrating
melody, harmony, and rhythm into a swaying feel, where the vocal style is often
nasal.
A foremost figure of bossa nova is Antonio
Carlos Jobim, who became famous with his
song Desafinado (1957). He collaborated with
Vincius de Moraes in the play Orfeu da
Conceicao (1956), musical recording of Cancao
do Amor Demais (1958), and the song Garota
de Ipanema or Girl from Ipanema (1962) that
turned bossa nova’s popularity into a worldwide
phenomenon.
In the Philippine pop music scene, Sitti Navarro is a
singer who has become known as the “Philippines’
Queen of Bossa Nova.” Some of her bossa nova songs
include Para sa Akin, Hey Look at the Sun, Lost in
Space, and Kung Di Rin Lang Ikaw.
6. Reggae
Reggae is an urban popular music and dance style that originated in Jamaica in
the mid 1960’s. It contained English text coupled with Creole expressions that
were not so familiar to the non-Jamaican.
The best-known proponent of
reggae music is Bob Marley,
a Jamaican singer-songwriter,
musician, and guitarist. He
achieved international fame and
acclaim for songs such as: One
Love, Three Little Birds; No
Woman, No Cry; Redemption
Song; and Stir It Up.
7. Foxtrot
The foxtrot is a 20th century social dance that originated after 1910 in the USA. It was executed as a one step,two
step and syncopated rhythmic pattern. The tempo varied from 30 to 40 bars per minute and had a simple duple
meter with regular 4-bar phrases.
8. Paso Doble
The paso doble (meaning “double step”) is a theatrical Spanish dance used by the Spaniards in bullfights, where the
music was played as the matador enters (paseo) and during passes just before the kill (faena).

GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1. What are the different vocal and dance forms of Latin American music?
2. What are the characteristics of each vocal and dance form of Latin American
music?
3. Which type of music was popularized by Bob Marley?
4. Which type of music was popularized by Antonio Carlos Jobim?
5. Who is known as the “Philippines’ Queen of Bossa Nova”?
 JAZZ
The arrival of the jazz genre did not come overnight. It was an offshoot of the
music of African slaves who migrated to America. As music is considered a therapeutic
outlet for human feelings, the Africans used music to recall their nostalgic past in their
home country as well as to voice out their sentiments on their desperate condition at that
time. Since then, these melancholy beginnings have evolved into various more upbeat
jazz forms which the world has adopted and incorporated into other contemporary styles.
RAGTIME
Ragtime is an American popular musical style mainly for piano, originating in the Afro-
American communities in St. Louis and New Orleans. Its style was said to be a modification
of the “marching mode” made popular by John Philip Sousa, where the effect is generated
by an internally syncopated melodic line pitted against a rhythmically straightforward
bass line. Its music is written unlike jazz which is mainly improvised, and contains regular
meters and clear phrases, with an alternation of low bass or bass octaves and chords.
Foremost exponents of ragtime were Jelly Roll Morton who was an American ragtime
and early jazz pianist and composed Frog I More Rag. Scott Joplin, who also composed
the popular Maple Leaf Rag, Solace, and The Entertainer. Joplin is also knows as the
“King of Ragtime.” Ragtime also influenced a number of classical composers, among
them Erik Satie, Claude Debussy, and Igor Stravinsky, who injected ragtime rhythmic
elements in their compositions.
BIG BAND
The term ‘Big Band” refers to a large ensemble form originating in the United States in
the mid 1920’s closely associated with the Swing Era with jazz elements. Relying heavily
on percussion (drums), wind, rhythm section (guitar, piano, double bass, vibes), and
Scott Joplin
Jelly Roll Morton
brass instruments (saxophones), with a lyrical string section (violins and other string
instruments) to accompany a lyrical melody. A standard big band 17-piece instrumentation
consists of the following musical instruments percussion, brass, and woodwind
instrruments: five saxophones (most often two altos, two tenors, and one baritone), four
trumpets, four trombones (often including one bass trombone), and a four-piece rhythm
section (composed of drums, acoustic bass or electric bass, piano and guitar). Some big
bands use additional instruments. Big band music originated in the United States and is
associated with jazz and the swing.
Among the great big bands were the Glenn Miller Orchestra (A String of Pearls, Moonlight
Serenade, In The Mood, American Patrol, and Smoke Gets in Your Eyes); the Count
Basie Orchestra (April in Paris); and the Benny Goodman Orhcestra (Sing, Sing, Sing);
while some solo signers such as Cab Calloway (Minnie the Moocher) Doris Day (Stardust,
I’m in the Mood for Love); Roy Eldridge, and others also collaborated with big bands.
BEBOP
Bebop or bop is a musical style of modern jazz which is characterized by a fast tempo,
instrumental virtuosity, and improvisation that emerged during World War II. The speed
of the harmony, melody, and rhythm resulted in a heavy
performance where the instrumental sound became more tense
and free.
Its main exponents were trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie, alto sax
player Charlie Parker, drummers Max Roach and Roy Haynes,
pianists Bud Powell and Thelonius Monk; guitarist Charlie
Christian; tenor sax players Dexter Gordon and Sonny Rollins,
who was also a composer; and trombonist JJ Johnson.
Glenn Miller Orchestra
Dizzy Gillespie
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electronic or mechanical including photocopying without written permission from the DepEd Central Office.
JAZZ ROCK
Jazz rock is the music of 1960’s and 1970’s bands that inserted jazz elements into rock
music. A synonym for “jazz fusion,” jazz rock is a mix of funk and R&B (“rhythm and
blues”) rhythms, where the music used amplification
and electronic effects, complex time signatures, and
extended instrumental compositions with lengthy
improvisations in the jazz style.
Popular singer/songwriters Joni Mitchell, Tim
Buckley, and Van Morrison were among those who
adopted the jazz rock style.
Some popular groups that emerged using the above music styles were the following:
Grateful Dead
Cream
Blood, Sweat, and Tears
Santana
Traffic
Chicago
Steely Dan
Lighthouse
Frank Zappa
Soft Machine
Hatfield and the North
WHAT TO KNOW
1. What are the different jazz forms?
2. What are the characteristics of each jazz form?
3. Name one of the Big Bands that became popular.
4. Which type of music was adopted by singer-songwriter Joni Mitchell?
5. Name three of the popular groups that used the jazz rock style.

Joni Mitchell
POPULAR MUSIC
Popular music literally means “music of the populace,” similar to traditional folk music
of the past. As it developed in the 20th century, pop music (as it has come to be
called) generally consisted of music for entertainment of large numbers of people, whether
on radio or in live performances. From the standard songs and ballads of the legendary
Cole Porter, George Gershwin, and Frank Sinatra to the rock and roll craze of Elvis
Presley and the Beatles and the present day idols in the alternative music and disco
modes, popular music is now shared by the entire world.
BALLADS
The ballad originated as an expressive folksong in narrative verse with text dealing typically
about love. The word is derived both from the medieval French “chanson balladee” and
“ballade” which refers to a dancing song. Used by poets and composers since the 18th
century, it became a slow popular love song in the 19th century.
Today, the term ballad now refers to a love song in a slightly pop or rock style, with the
following characteristics:
1. Blues Ballads
This is a fusion of Anglo-American and Afro-American styles from the 19th century
that deals with the anti-heroes resisting authority. The form emphasizes the
character of the performer more than the narrative content, and is accompanied
by the banjo or guitar.
2. Pop Standard and Jazz Ballads
This is a blues style built from a single verse of 16 bars ending on the dominant or
half-cadence, followed by a refrain/chorus part of 16 or 32 bars in AABA form.
The B section acts as the bridge, and the piece normally ends with a brief coda.
Some enduring pop standard and jazz ballads include The Man I Love (George
Gershwin, above left), Always (Irving Berlin, above center), and In a Sentimental
Mood (Duke Ellington, above right).
3. Pop and Rock Ballads
A pop and rock ballad is an emotional love song with suggestions
of folk music, as in the Beatles’ composition “The Ballad of John
and Yoko” and Billy Joel’s “The Ballad of Billy.” This style is
sometimes applied to strophic story-songs, such as Don McLean’s
“American Pie.”
STANDARDS
In music, the term “standard” is used to denote the most popular and enduring songs
from a particular genre or style, such as those by Irving Berlin, Cole Porter, and Rodgers
and Hart. Its style is mostly in a slow or moderate tempo with a relaxed mood. It also
features highly singable melodies within the range and technical capacity of the everyday
listener.
Among the foremost proponents of this style was Frank
Sinatra, also known as “Ol Blue Eyes,” “Chairman of the
Board,” or “The Voice.” His genre was categorized as
traditional pop and jazz. He
was a successful singer, actor,
producer, director, and
conductor. His hit singles
includeMy Way and Strangers
in the Night.
Another well-loved standards singer was American balladeer Nat King Cole. Although
an accomplished pianist, he owes most of his popular musical fame to his soothing baritone
voice, which he used to perform in big band, vocal jazz, swing. traditional pop, and jump
blues genres. He was the first black American to host his own television show and
maintained worldwide popularity over 40 years past his death. He is widely considered
“one of the most important musical personalities in United States history.” His hit songs
include Unfogettable, Mona Lisa, and Too Young.
Matt Monroe was an English singer who became one of the most popular entertainers
in the international music scene during the 1960s. Throughout his 30-year career, he
filled cabarets, nightclubs, music halls, and stadia in Australia, Japan, the Philippines, and
Hong Kong to Africa, the Middle East, Europe, and the Americas. Among his hit singles
Don McLean
Frank Sinatra (far left)
and
Nat King Cole (left)
included Portrait of My Love, Softly as I Leave You, the James
bond theme From Russia with Love, Born Free, which became his
signature song, and Walk Away.
Other popular singers of standards were Perry Como, Bing Crosby,
Andy Williams, Sammy Davis Jr., Doris Day, Patti Page, Barbra
Streisand, and Paul Anka.
ROCK AND ROLL
Rock and roll was a hugely popular song form in the United States during the late 1940’s
to the 1950’s. It combined Afro-American forms such as the blues, jump blues, jazz, and
gospel music with the Western swing and country music. The lead instruments were the
piano and saxophone, but these were eventually replaced by modern instruments.
In its classic form, rock and roll employed one or two electric guitars (lead, rhythm), a
string bass or bass guitar, and a set of drums that provided the rhythmic pattern. This
form came during the age of technological change when electric guitars were supplemented
by amplifiers and microphones to raise the volume. It derived its name from the mot of a
sonhip on the ocean, “rock and roll.”
The greatest exponent of the rock and roll style was the legendary
Elvis Presley. His hit songs such as Heartbreak Hotel and Blue
Suede Shoes were complemented by his good looks and elaborate
movements that included hugging the microphone as he sang.
Presley’s style was the precursor of the
British band known as The Beatles,
whose compositions further boosted rock and roll as the favorite genre of the times.
Examples of The Beatles’ songs in this genre are I Saw Her Standing There, Get Back,
While My Guitar Gently Weeps, Rock and Roll Music, and Ticket to Ride.
Matt Monroe
Elvis
Presley
The Beatles
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The Beatles’ John Lenon and Paul McCartney
as Composers/Songwriters
John Lennon (1940-1980) was an English musician,
singer, performer, songwriter and co-songwriter. He was
born and raised in Liverpool, England. He rose to
worldwide fame as a founder member of the rock band
The Beatles, which was considered as “the most
commercially successful band in the history of popular
music.”
Lennon formed as songwriting partnership with Paul McCartney, which is considered as
“one of the most celebrated songwriting partnerships of the 20th century.” Lennon’s hit
compositions for the Beatles include Strawberry Fields Forever, Help, In My Life,
Tomorrow Never Knows, Rain, Norwegian Road, I am the Walrus, Come Together, You’ve
Got to Hide Your Love Away, and Happiness is a Warm Gun.
When The Beatles disbanded in 1970, Lennon embarked on a solo career. Among his
solo top billboard hits include Imagine, Mind Games, Power to the People, Dream,
Nobody Told Me, Watching the Wheels, Woman, Whatever Gets You Through the Night,
and Instant Karma.
In 2002, according to a BBC poll on the 100 Greatest Britons, John was voted in eighth
place. In 2008, Rolling Stone Magazine ranked him the “fifth-greatest singer of all time.”
He was posthumously inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1987; and into the
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice as a member of The Beatles in 1988 and as a solo artist
in 1994.
Sir James Paul McCartney (1942- ) is an English singer,
songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, co-writer, and composer.
Paul gained worldwide popularity and fame as a member of
The Beatles, which included John Lennon, George Harrison,
and Ringo Starr. Beatles was one of the most influential groups
in the history of pop music.
The songwriting partnership with Lennon for the Beatles is one of the most celebrated
of the 20th century. McCartney has been “recognized as one of the most successful
composers and performers of all time, with 60 gold discs and sales of over 100 million
albums and 100 million singles of his work with the Beatles and as a solo artist.” It has
been known that more than 2,200 artists have covered his Beatles song Yesterday, which
is more than any other copyrighted song in history.
McCartney was a two-time inductee into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of
The Beatles in 1988, and as a solo artist in 1999. He is a 21-time Grammy Award winner
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electronic or mechanical including photocopying without written permission from the DepEd Central Office.
having won both individually and with The Beatles. He has written or co-written 32
songs that have reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100.
As of 2014, McCartney had sold more than “15.5 million RIAA-certified units” in the
United States. He was knighted in England for his services to music. His top hit
compositions for The Beatles include Hey Jude; Fool on the Hill; I’ll Follow the Sun; I
Will; I Saw Her Standing There; All My Loving; Paperback Writer; Michelle; Eleanor
Rigby; We Can Work It Out; And I Love Her; Here, There, and Everywhere; Penny
Lane; and others.
DISCO
The 1970s saw the rise of another form of pop music
known as “disco.” Disco music pertained to rock music
that was more danceable, thus leading to the establishment
of venues for public dancing also called discos. The term
originated from the French word “discotheque” which
means a library for phonograph records.
The disco style had a soaring and reverberating sound
rhythmically controlled by a steady beat (usually meter)
for ease of dancing, and accompanied by strings, horns,
electric guitars, and electric pianos or synthesizers.
Famous figures of the
disco genre include
ABBA, Donna Summer (“The Queen of Disco”), The
Bee Gees; Earth, Wind, and Fire; KC and the
Sunshine Band; The Village People; and Gloria
Gaynor, bringing us such hits as Dancing Queen,
Stayin’ Alive, Boogie Wonderland, and Hot Stuff.
44
The Bee Gees
ABBA
Donna Summer
Earth, Wind, and Fire
POP MUSIC
Parallel with the disco era, other pop music superstars
continued to emerge. Among them were Neil Sedaka
(Laughter in the Rain), Diana Ross and the Supremes (Stop
in the Name of Love), Olivia Newton John (Hopelessly
Devoted to You), Stevie Wonder (You Are the Sunshine of
My Life), Elton John (Skyline Pigeon), The Carpenters
(We’ve Only Just Begun), and Barry Manilow (Mandy).
Pop superstars in more recent years include solor artists
Celine Dion (My Heart Will Go On), Madonna (Material
Girl), Whitney Houston (I Will Always Love You), Mariah
Carey (Hero), Justin Timberlake (Justified), Britney Spears
(Oops, I Did It Again), Beyonce (Irreplaceable), Lady Gaga (Bad Romance), and Bruno
Mars (Just The Way You Are); as well as vocal groups such as Boyz II Men (Four Seasons
of Loneliness), The Backstreet Boys (I Want It That Way), N’Sync (This I Promise You),
Destiny’s Child (Survivor), among many others.
Michael Jackson, “The King of Pop”
Perhaps the most popular solo performer of all time is Michael
Joseph Jackson who was born on August 29, 1958 and died
on June 25, 2009. He was an American recording artist,
entertainer, singer-songwriter, record producer, musical
arranger, dancer, choreographer, actor, businessman, and
philanthropist.
The seventh child of the Jackson family, he made his debut as
an entertainer in 1968 as a member of The Jackson 5. He then
began a solo career in 1971 while still a member of the group
and was referred to as the "King of Pop" in subsequent years.
Jackson's 1982 album Thriller remains the world's best-selling album of all time, and
four of his other solo studio albums are among the world's best-selling records: Off the
Wall (1979), Bad (1987), Dangerous (1991), and HIStory (1995).
In the early 1980s, he became a dominant figure in American popular music and culture.
He was the first African American entertainer to amass a strong crossover following on
MTV. The popularity of his music videos airing on MTV, such as Beat It, Billie Jean, and
Thriller—widely credited with transforming the music video from a promotional tool
into an art form—helped bring the relatively new channel to fame. Videos such as Black
or White and Scream made Jackson an enduring staple on MTV in the 1990s.
Diana Ross and the
Supremes
With stage performances and music videos, Jackson popularized a number of physically
complicated dance techniques, such as the “robot” and the “moonwalk.” His distinctive
musical sound and vocal style influenced many hip hop, pop music, and contemporary
R&B artists across several generations world-wide. Jackson donated and raised millions
of dollars for beneficial causes through his “Heal the World Foundation,” charity singles,
and support of 39 charities.
One of the few artists to have been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice,
his other achievements include “Multiple Guinness World Records”—including one for
"Most Successful Entertainer of All Time"—13 Grammy Awards, 13 number one singles
in his solo career, and the sale of 750 million records worldwide. Jackson is one of the
world’s most famous artists because of his highly successful career which made him a
part of popular culture for nearly four decades.
At the time of his death, Jackson was preparing for “This Is It,” a series of 50 concerts
that would have been held at The O2 arena in London beginning July 13, 2009, and a
world tour to follow after the series of concerts. After Michael Jackson's death, Billboard's
entire top nine positions on Billboard's Top Pop Catalog Albums chart housed Jacksonrelated
titles on July 1, 2009.
Today’s Pop Music Idols
As the 21st century continues to unfold, more
and more pop groups emerge spanning an
entire range of musical styles and genres.
There are music groups like Black Eyed Peas,
K Pop (Korean), My Chemical Romance, Fall
Out Boys, The Red Jumpsuit Apparatus,
Souja Boy, Train, Maroon 5, and One
Direction.
While solo performers include Adele, Taylor
Swift, Ed Sheeran, Rihanna, Chris Brown,
Ariana Grande, Justin Beiber, Miley Cyrus,
Katy Perry, Nikki Minaj, Selena Gomez, and
others.
One Direction
Rihanna
Ed Sheeran
HIP HOPAND RAP
Hip hop music is a stylized, highly rhythmic type of music that usually (but not always)
includes portions of rhytmically chanted words called “rap.” In rapping, the artist speaks
ALTERNATIVE MUSIC
Alternative music was an underground independent form of music that arose in the 1980’s.
It became widely popular in the 1990’s as a way to defy “mainstream” rock music. Thus,
it was known for its unconventional practices such as distorted guitar sounds, oppressive
lyrics, and defiant attitudes. It was also characterized by high energy levels that bred new
styles such as new wave, punk rock, post-punk, indie rock, gothic rock, jangle pop,
noise pop, C86, Madchester, Industrial Rock, and Shoegazing. Examples of alternative
music are You Belong with Me, Shake It Off.
WHAT TO KNOW
1. Briefly describe the historical and cultural background of African, Latin American,
jazz, and popular music.
2. Analyze the musical characteristics of African, Latin American, jazz, and popular
music.
3. How did the following music reflect life in their respective cultures and the
conditions at that time?
a. African music – maracatu, blues, soul, spiritual, call and response
b. Latin American Music – cumbia, tango, cha cha, rumba, bossa nova,
reggae, foxtrot, paso doble
c. Jazz – ragtime, big band, bebop, jazz rock
d. Popular music – ballads, standards, rock and roll, disco, pop, hip hop and
rap, alternative music
along with an instrumental or synthesized beat. Hip hop arose in
the 1970s within the Afro-American and Latino youth in the Bronx
area of New York City. But by the 1980s, it had spread to many
other countries. It has since evolved into a subculture that
encompasses music (rapping, DJing, scratching,
and beatboxing); a nearly acrobatic style of dancing,
called break dancing; a distinct manner of dress;
and graffiti-style artwork.
Among the early hip hop artists were LL Cool J
and Run-D.M.C. While more recent popular names
in this genre have been Beastie Boys, Eminem, and
Kanye West.
Eminem
Kanye
West
PHILIPPINE POPULAR MUSIC
The one word that comes tomind when we think of contemporary Philippine music is
the type commonly termed as Original PinoyMusic orOriginal PhilippineMusic, or
OPM for short. It was originally used to refer only to Philippine pop songs, particularly
ballads, such as those popular after the collapse of its predecessor, theManila Sound, in
the late 1970s up until the present.
In the 1960s to 1970s, NoraAunor, Pilita Corrales, Eddie Peregrina, VictorWood, Asin,
APO Hiking Society, and others were highly popular OPM singers. In the 1970s to
1980s, themajor commercial Philippine popmusic artistswere Claire dela Fuente, Didith
Reyes, Rico Puno, Ryan Cayabyab, Basil Valdez, Celeste Legaspi, Hajji Alejandro, Rey
Valera, Freddie Aguilar, Imelda Papin, Eva Eugenio, Nonoy Zuñiga, and many others.
ORIGINAL PILIPINO MUSIC (OPM)
The 1980s to 1990s are also regarded as the golden era of Philippine
ballads. Among the classics that emerged were those created by:
Ryan Cayabyab (Kay Ganda ng Ating Musika,
Kahit Ika’y Panaginip Lang)
George Canseco (Kapantay ay Langit,
Kastilyong Buhangin, Tubig at Langis)
Willie Cruz (Sana’y Wala Nang Wakas,
Bituing Walang Ningning)
Jose Mari Chan (Beautiful Girl, Please Be
Careful With My Heart, Constant Change)
Gary Valenciano (Sana Maulit Muli)
Most of these compositions made use of Western-type
melody and harmony, while expressing uniquely Filipino
emotions in movingly poetic lyrics. These came to be known
as OPM, and were popularized by solo artists like Pilita
Corales, Nora Aunor, Basil Valdez, Celeste Legaspi, Hajji
Alejandro, Leah Navarro, Sharon Cuneta, Martin Nievera,
Gary Valenciano, ZsaZsa Padilla, Regine Velasquez, and
Ogie Alcasid.
At the start, OPM was centered inManila, where Tagalog and English are the dominant
languages. However, other ethno-linguistic groups such as the Visayan, Bikol,
Kapampangan, and Ilocano also began to sing and record their songs in their native
dialects.
Ryan Cayabyab
George Canseco
77
Between the 1980s and 1990s, OPM was led by artists such as Martin Nievera, Gary
Valenciano, Lea Salonga, Regine Velasquez, Sharon Cuneta, Vina Morales, Raymond
Lauchengco, Francis Magalona, Pops Fernandez, José Mari Chan, Dingdong Avanzado,
Janno Gibbs, Ogie Alcasid, Joey Albert, Manilyn Reynes, among many others.
In the 1990s, the famous solo artists and bands included The Eraserheads, Smokey
Mountain, Donna Cruz, Jessa Zaragoza, Ariel Rivera, Southborder, Afterimage, Andrew
E., Jaya, Rivermaya, Parokya ni Edgar, among many others. Underground bands emerged
and along with them were their perceptions of idealism and self-expression.
More recently, OPM stars have included Yeng Constantino, Sarah Geronimo, Aisa
Seguerra, and international singers Arnel Pineda (of the international rock group, Journey),
Charice Pempengco, and others.
PHILIPPINE POP MUSIC
Pop music in the Philippines started as an adaptation or translation, if not complete
imitation, of Western hits. It started with Bobby Gonzales’ Hahabol-habol (Hot
Pursuit), a local version of the rock and roll songs of the
1950s, and Rico Puno’s Luneta, a local adaptation of The
Way We Were. This immediately clicked with the youth and
eventually gained wide acceptance even among the “burgis”
(bourgeois or elite) crowd.
Rico J. Puno
GaryValenciano
MartinNievera
Sarah Geronimo Arnel Pineda Charice
PHILIPPINE JAZZ
Philippine musicians have also been inspired by jazz music. Among them are jazz
pianist and recording artist Boy Katindig, who comes from the well-known clan of
musicians that includes jazz piano legend Romy Katindig and saxophonist Eddie Katindig.
The Katindig family pioneered Latin jazz in Manila.
Other notable Filipino jazz musicians include Lito Molina, Angel Peña, Emil Mijares, and
internationally known jazz pianist Bobby Enriquez.
The start of the “Manila Sound” in the mid-1970s gave rise to songs using a colloquial
language called Taglish, a combination of Tagalog and English. These Filipino lyrics sung
to pop melodies resulted in highly singable songs with contemporary appeal.
Among the proponents of the Manila Sound were the Hotdog,Cinderella, The Rainmakers,
and the Apo Hiking Society. After waning briefly in the 1990’s, this sound regained
popularity in recent years with remakes of the 1970’s originals by contemporary rock
bands.
Hotdog (above) and
The Apo Hiking Society (right)
Bobby
Enriquez
Lito Molina and
the Jazz Friends
Eddie Katindig
PHILIPPINE ROCK
The year 1973 saw the birth of Philippine or
“Pinoy” rock music which successfully merged
the rock beat with Filipino lyrics. This new sound
was introduced by the legendary Juan de la Cruz Band
(with their song Ang Himig Natin) which had for its
members Joey “Pepe” Smith, Wally Gonzales, and
the originator of Jeproks, Mike Hanopol, who later
became a major symbol of Pinoy rock.
Other early exponents of Pinoy rock included the band Maria Cafra; Sampaguita, the
female rocker; and folk-rock singer Heber Bartolome and his Banyuhay band, whose
songs expressed strong messages of nationalism.
Continuing this legacy of Pinoy rock today are vocal groups
and bands that include River Maya, The Dawn, True Faith,
The Eraserheads, Wolfgang, Bamboo, Parokya ni Edgar, Hale,
Sandwich, SugarFree, Sponge Cola,and others.
PHILIPPINE ALTERNATIVE FOLK MUSIC
The Philippines also saw the rise of alternative folk music
which was different from the traditional and popular
form. This new form combined ethnic instrumentation
with electronic accompaniment, while presenting themes
or issues of society and the environment. Some of the
Filipino composers who championed this style were Joey
Ayala, Grace Nono, and Edru Abraham of Kontragapi
(“Kontemporaryong Gamelan Pilipino”).
Among other Filipino composers whose styles ranged from folk to semi-ethnic werewere
Freddie Aguilar, best known for his song Anak; Yoyoy Villame, composer of Magellan;
Florante, composer of Ako’y Isang Pinoy; and Gary Granada, composer of Ka Bayani.
Juan de la Cruz Band
Freddie Aguilar
Parokyani Edgar
Bamboo
PINOY RAP
In the Philippines, rap was also made popular by such composers and performers as
Francis Magalona (Mga Kababayan Ko and Watawat) and Andrew E (Humanap Ka
ng Pangit).
Francis Magalona was born on October 4, 1964 and died on
March 6, 2009. He is also known as FrancisM, “Master
Rapper,” and “The Man From Manila.” He was a Filipino
rapper, songwriter, producer, actor, director, television host,
and photographer. He is often hailed as the “King of Pinoy
Rap” and is considered a legend in the Philippine music
community.
With the success of his earliest albums, Magalona was the
first Filipino rapper to cross over to the mainstream. He is
also credited for having pioneered the merging of rap with Pinoy rock, becoming a
significant influence on artists in that genre as well. He was later awarded a posthumous
Presidential Medal of Merit “for his musical and artistic brilliance, his deep faith in the
Filipino, and his sense of national pride that continue to inspire us.”
Pop Music Collaborations
Philippine pop artists have also collaborated with classical artists and orchestras in a
number of their recordings and concerts. Some of the concerts of Martin Nievera, Gary
Valenciano, Regine Velazquez, Lea Salonga, and Sharon Cuneta have featured the
Philippine Philharmonic Orchestra, the ABS-CBN Orchestra, and the Manila Philharmonic
Orchestra in performances at the Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP) and the
Philippine International Convention Center (PICC), both known venues for classical music,
as well as at the Araneta Coliseum and Folk Arts Theater (FAT). Classical musicians have
also performed in malls and other commercial venues to popularize classical music, popular
music, and OPM.
SUMMARY
From theater tunes to rock and roll, pop, standards, hip hop, rap, and contemporary
ballads—whether in the West, in the Philippines, or anywhere else in the world—these all
provided a rich and diverse musical background in the development of Philippine
contemporary music. The development of Philippine music was also influenced by the
history of the country—from its pre-Spanish roots, through the Spanish and American
periods, up to the present. It has since evolved to have its own rich and distinct identity.
Francis Magalona
WHAT TO KNOW
1. How did the different forms of popular music reflect life in the 20th century?
2. Differentiate the characteristics of Philippine pop, rock, and rap music.
3. What role didmedia like radio, television, and recordings play in the development
of these different musical genres?
4. Describe the “Manila Sound” in Philippine pop music.
5. Name some well-known OPM performers.
WHAT TO PROCESS
Class Activity
1. Your teacher will play one recording of each of the following: African Music,
Latin American Music, Jazz, Popular Music (standards, rock and roll, disco), and
OPM (ballad, Pinoy rock, Pinoy rap). Listen carefully to each recording.
2. Participate in a class discussion on the distinctive features and qualities of each
musical genre and style.
WHAT TO UNDERSTAND
Activity 1: Making Improvised African and Latin American Instruments
Individual or Group Activity
1. Make improvised African or Latin American instruments using dried vegetables,
animal hide, wood, strips of roofing metal, tin cans, bamboo, etc.
2. Create a rhythmic/harmonic accompaniment for any song you know using these
improvised African or Latin American instrument.
3. How did you relate in making improvised African or Latin American musical
instruments found in the environment?
Activity 2: Choreography to Express the Music
Individual or Group Activity
1. Conceptualize a choreography to show some dance steps set to the following
music:
a. African
b. Latin American
c. Jazz
d. Popular (Pop) Music
e. OPM
2. How does it feel to conceptualize the dance movements in each music category?
WHAT TO PERFORM
Group Activities
1. Class Singing Concert – live performance
a. Your teacher will divide the class into four groups.
b. Each group will be asked to draw lots to sing a song from one of the following
musical genres:
For African Music - choose from Kumbaya, Waka Waka, or Mbube
For Latin-American music - One Note Samba
For Jazz - choose from Someone to Watch Over Me by Ella Fritzgerald
or All That Jazz from the movie Chicago
For Pop and OPM - choose your own song.
c. Decide among your group members which of you will sing, plan the
choreography or movements to accompany the song, play a musical
instrument, and record the group’s performance on video.
d. Learn your assigned song, using the lyrics on the following pages. Practice
it, with the choreography and accompaniment. Then, perform it in class.
2. Dance Interaction
a. As your group performs in class, invite the other class members to join you
in the dance movements or choreography that you have prepared.
b. Do an impromptu selection of “Best Dance Performance” among your
classmates.
3. Music Video Award
a. During the class performance, the assigned group member(s) will record
your group’s performance using a mobile phone, tablet, or video camera.
Kum-ba-ya
Kum-bay-ya is a spiritual song that was first recorded in the 1920s. It
became a popular standard campfire song in Girl or Boy Scouting
and during summer camps. The song is originally a simple petition to
God to come and help those in need. This inspiring hymn is heard in
many countries of Central Africa. It has great personal meaning and
the singer often creates his own words as he works or pray. The words
“Kum Bay Ya” mean “come by here” or “stay nearby.”
Kum bay ya, my Lord, kum bay ya;
Kum bay ya, my Lord, kum bay ya;
Kum bay ya, my Lord, kum bay ya
O Lord, kum bay ya.
Someone’s laughing, my Lord, kum bay ya
Someone’s laughing, my Lord, kum bay ya
Someone’s laughing, my Lord, kum bay ya
O Lord, kum bay ya.
Someone’s crying, my Lord, kum bay ya
Someone’s crying, my Lord, kum bay ya
Someone’s crying, my Lord, kum bay ya
O Lord, kum bay ya.
Someone’s praying, Lord, kum bay ya
Someone’s praying, Lord, kum bay ya
Someone’s praying, Lord, kum bay ya
O Lord, kum bay ya.
Someone’s singing, my Lord, kum bay ya
Someone’s singing, my Lord, kum bay ya
Someone’s singing, my Lord, kum bay ya
O Lord, kum bay ya.
b. Simulate a “Music Video Award” event by joining the other groups in
presenting your respective videos in class.
c. The class members will choose the “Best Song Performance” based on
how well the group presented their assigned music genre.
One Note Samba
Samba de Uma Nota Só ("One-Note Samba") is a song composed by
Antonio Carlos Jobim, with Portuguese lyrics by Newton Mendonça
and English lyrics by Jobim. The song title refers to the main melody
line, which at first consists of a long series of notes of a single tone.
This is just a little samba
Built upon a single note
Other notes are bound to follow
But the root is still that note
Now this new note is the consequence
Of the one we've just been through
As I'm bound to be
The unavoidable consequence of you
There's so many people
Who can talk and talk, and talk
And just say nothing
Or nearly nothing
You're a good soldier
Choosing your battles
Pick yourself up
And dust yourself off
And back in the saddle
You're on the frontline
Everyone's watching
Waka Waka (This Time for Africa)
FIFA World Cup 2010 Official Anthem
"Waka Waka (This Time for Africa)" or in Spanish, "Waka Waka (Esto
es África)" is a song by Colombian singer-songwriter Shakira. It feautures
South African band, Freshlyground, and pairs an African Colombian
rhythm with a Soca-inspired beat. Its lyrics encourage one to aim for
one’s goals, like a soldier on a battlefield. The song was used as the
official song of the 2010 FIFA World Cup held in South Africa.
You know it's serious
We're getting closer
This isn’t over
The pressure is on
You feel it
But you've got it all
Believe it
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I have used up all the scale
I know and at the end
I've come to nothing
I mean nothing
So I come back to my first note
As I come back to you
I will pour into that one note
All the love I feel for you
Any one who wants the whole show
Re mi fa so la ci do
He will find himself with no show
Better play the note you know
So I come back to my first note
I must come back to you
I will pour into that one note
All the love I feel for you
Any one who wants the whole show
Re mi fa so la ci do
He will find himself with no show
Better play the note you know
Someone To Watch Over Me
There's a saying old, says that love is blind
Still we're often told, "Seek and ye shall find"
So I'm going to seek a certain lad I've had in mind
Looking everywhere, haven't found him yet
He's the big affair I cannot forget
Only man I ever think of with regret
I'd like to add his initial to my monogram
Tell me, where is the shepherd for this lost lamb?
There's a somebody I'm longin' to see
I hope that he, turns out to be
Someone who'll watch over me
I'm a little lamb who's lost in the wood
I know I could, always be good
To one who'll watch over me
Although he may not be the man some
Girls think of as handsome
To my heart he carries the key
Won't you tell him please to put on some speed
Follow my lead, oh, how I need
Someone to watch over me
Won't you tell him please to put on some speed
Follow my lead, oh, how I need
Someone to watch over me
Someone to watch over me
Evaluation of Performing Activities
Rating scale:
5 = Very Good 2 = Poor
4 = Good 1 = Needs Follow-up
3 = Fair
Rate scores are based on the groups’ performance quality.
1. How well did our group perform our assigned music?
a. African Music _______________
b. Latin American Music _______________
c. Jazz _______________
d. Pop Music / OPM _______________
2 How well can I identify the different musical genres
based on instrumentation, melody, rhythm, text,
timbre, harmony, and purpose? _______________
3. How well can I describe the characteristics of
each genre as I listened to the melody,
harmony, rhythm, and lyrics? _______________
4. How well did our group perform the different
dance moves for our assigned song? _______________
5. How well can I (individually) sing the following
musical genres?
a. African Music _______________
b. Latin American Music _______________
c. Jazz _______________
d. Popular / Pop Music _______________
e. OPM _______________
Teacher’s Rating of the Performance
1. Musicianship (60%) _______________
(musical elements, technique)
2. Presentation impact and showmanship (20%) _______________
3. Ensemble coordination and organization (20%) _______________