GMAT™ Official Guide Quantitative Review 2022

Rates, Ratios, and Percentages

FRACTIONS: PERCENTS:
Equivalent or Equal Fractions: x%= x .
100
Two fractions represent the same number if dividing xy
x % of y equals .
each fraction’s numerator and denominator by their 100
greatest common divisor yields identical results for To convert a percent to a decimal, drop the percent
both fractions. sign, then move the decimal point two digits left.
Adding, Subtracting, Multiplying, and Dividing To convert a decimal to a percent, add a percent sign,
Fractions: then move the decimal point two digits right.
a + c = ad + bc ; a − c = ad − bc
b d bd bd b d bd bd PERCENT INCREASE OR DECREASE:
a × c = ac ; a ÷ c = ad The percent increase from x to y is
y−x
b d bd b d bc ​100​(​  _x   ​)​%​.
MIXED NUMBERS: The percent decrease from x to y is
x−y
A mixed number of the form a bc is equivalent to the ​100​(​  _x   ​)​%​.
fraction ac c+ b .
DISCOUNTS:
A price discounted by n percent becomes (100 − n)
percent of the original price.
RATE:
A price discounted by n percent and then by m percent
distance = rate × time becomes (100 − n)(100 − m) percent of the original
price.
PROFIT:
Gross profit = revenues − expenses, or
WORK:
Gross profit = selling price − cost. 1 + 1 = 1 , where r is the length of time it takes one
r s h
INTEREST: person or machine to complete an amount of work
Simple annual interest = when working alone, s is the length of time it takes
(principal) × (interest rate) × (time) a second person or machine to complete that same
Compound interest over n periods = amount of work when working alone, and h is the
length of time it takes them to complete that amount
(principal) × (1 + interest per period)n − principal
of work when they are both working simultaneously.

MIXTURES:

Number of units of a Quantity of an Total quantity of that

substance or mixture ingredient per unit of ingredient in the substance or
the substance or mixture mixture

Substance A X M X×M

Substance B Y N Y×N

Mixture of A and B X+Y (X × M) + (Y × N) (X × M) + (Y × N)

     X + Y

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