217722, 850 AM 4.2.2 Inemal Text Structures - Humanties LieToxts 4.2.2: Internal Text Structures Internal Text Structures When you are reading informational text, you will notice that authors use many different text structures or organizational patterns to organize thei information. The following chart lists signal words, definitions, and examples of some of the most common text structures you will encounter when reading informational tex: ‘Text Structure Cause and Effect Comparison/ Contrast Enumeration or Listing Sequential oF Chronological ~ Process Concept/ efinition Generalization fe lystration/Fxample DrrimpsinSignal Words 0 that, because of, thus, unless, since, as a result then, reasons for, consequently, explanation for, nevertheless, thus, accordingly diferent from, same as alike, sienlar to, compared to unlike, but, ye either. in contrast, while although, unless, however to egin with, first, second, in adaltion, next, then, last finally, another also, most important first, second third, now, before, after, then, next, finally, following, while, meanwhile, last, during, not long, when, on date is, for example, involves, can be, defined, an example, for instance, infact, also, contain, make up is, for example, involves, can be, defined, an example, fr instance, infact also, contain, make up, such as, inluding External Text Structures or Features A text may contain multiple external text structures, such as: htpsshuman lorstexs oriCourses/Community_Colege_of Allegheny CountyBook%3A Reading_and_Wrting for Definition “The writer explains the reasons for an event or phenomenon. ‘The writer discusses the martes and differences of two ideas, objects, or processes ‘Tae writer presents information ina structure that resembles an ‘outline It is often presented in bulleted format. “The writer presents a series of events or explains a procedure or process in the order they happen ‘The writer introduces an idea and ‘explains what itis ‘The writer explains phenomenon and processes by listing examples and unique characteristics, Example Paychologist Alphonse Chapanis and other researchers redesigned the cockpit controls of aircraft to make ther less confusing and easier to respond to, and this led toa decrease in pilot errors and crashed, Many studies have shown that cognitive behavioral therapy can help many people suffering from depression and anxiety dlisorders In contrast, research reveals that some types of therapies actually might be harmful on average ‘There ae several extensive cthial guidelines for how human, participants should be treated in psychological research Following area few highlights: 1. Informed consent, 2 Confidentiality This module outlines the characteristics ofthe science, and the promises it holds for understanding behavior. The ethics that guide psychological esearch are biel described. IHeoneludes with the reasons you should lear about scientific paychology. Specifically, seience isthe use of systemic observation in onder to acquire knowledge. A growing body of research is concerned with determining which therapies are the most and least effective forthe treatment of paychological disorders. For ‘example, many studies have shown that cognitive behavioral ‘therapy can help many people suffering from depression and ansiety disorders, ingO4%3A_ Academic Lit... 112217122, 8:50 AM + Underlined words + Headings and Subheadings + Mustrations (graphics, images, maps, diagrams, etc.) + Halics/Bold Text 4.2.2 Inemal Text Structures - Humanties LieToxts ‘+ Definitions (within text, usually in parentheses, or in the footer or margin of a page) External text structures can help you read and understand informational (or expository) text. The following chart lists some commonly used text structures, their format and their purpose: External Text feature Table of contents Chapters Headings Bold or italicized words Graphies/ilustrations Graphics/illustrations Format Headings and Subheadings Bold or italicized words Purpose-How docs it help me read and ‘understand the information? ‘Tis provides me with a list of information Included inthe tex {ican read a brief phrase that tells me what information | will ind in the paragraph below ‘These words aze important terms that I must be able © define so I can understand the information, A picture, graph, or chart that provides me more information OR arranges the information in a visual format so | might understand it better. To help you understand how internal and external text structures are used together, the following chart lists informational (or expository) writing assignments and the internal text structure and external text structure/feature that could be used when completing them: Writing Assignment Biography Report about a country or tate Antcle for a school newspaper about a school related question or Report about aie cycle say about how something has changed overtime, such as clothing styles Article about the effects of anew law or important news event Using Graphic Organizers: Internal Text Structure/External Text Structure Caronological Order/ Timeline Description/Mi Problem and Solution/ Chart Sequential/ Diagram Compare and Contrast/Pictures Cause and Etfect/Subheadings, Definitions Italics Cluster/map/web - creative writings, just to come up with ideas for your essayFlowchart - chronological essays ‘Venn Diagram - comparing and contrasting (What goes in the center?) Listing - coming up with ideas (Outline - coming up with ideas and organizing your essay by paragraph hitpsi aman Koretexs.oriCourses/Communty Col of Allegheny CountyBook%3A Reading_and_ Writing for_LearringlO4%3A_Academic_Lit 22.