NAME: _______________________________

GRADE/SECTION: ___________________ 12

RESEARCH /
CAPSTONE PROJECT
Semester II – Week 1
Applied and Basic Research Problems

CONTEXTUALIZED LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PUERTO PRINCESA CITY
Research/Capstone Project – Grade 12
Contextualized Learning Activity Sheets (CLAS)
Semester II - Week 1: Applied and Basic Research Problems
First Edition, 2020

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 Lesson 1

Applied and Basic Research Problems

MELC: Identify a scientific problem or question. (STEM_RP12-IIa-e-1)

Differentiate applied and basic research problems. (STEM_RP12-IIa-e-2)

Objectives:
1. Identify a scientific problem or question
2. Describe the characteristics of a scientific problem or question
3. Differentiate applied and basic research problems

Let’s Try
Multiple Choice. Carefully read the following statements. Choose and write only the
letter of the best answer on the line before each number.

_______1. It is a multifaceted assignment that serves as a culminating academic and

intellectual experience for students, typically during their final year of high
school or at the end of an academic program or learning-pathway experience.
A. Research/Capstone Project
B. Thesis
C. Scientific Research Problem
D. Dissertation

Determine whether the following statement is true or false:

______2. Statement 1- The first and most important step in any research is to identify and
delineate the research problem: that is, what the researcher wants to solve and
what questions he/she wishes to answer.
Statement 2- A research problem may be defined as an area of concern, a gap in
the existing knowledge, or a deviation in the norm or standard that points to the
need for further understanding and investigation.
A. Statement 1 and 2 are true.
B. Statement 1 is true the other is false
C. Statement 1 is false, the other is true
D. Both statements are false.

_______3. ALL BUT ONE is the characteristic of a good scientific research problem.
A. It should address a gap in knowledge.
B. It should be significant enough to contribute to the existing body of research
C. The problem should not render itself to investigation through collection of
data
D. The approach towards solving the problem should be ethical.

________4. A research problem may be defined as the following, EXCEPT:

A. An area of concern
B. A gap in the existing knowledge
C. A deviation in the norm or standard that points to the need for further
understanding and investigation

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 D. A systematic investigative process employed to increase or revise current
knowledge
________5. Which of the following is the most important when choosing your scientific
research problem?
A. Should be within the area of your interest
B. Identified and delineated research problem
C. Relevant studies
D. Relatively specific area of knowledge

________6. Which of the following describes basic research?

I. explanatory and analytical in nature
II. universal in nature
III. conducted in a controlled research environment such as a laboratory
IV. solution-specific

A. I only B. I, II C. I, II, III D. IV only

________7. Which of the following describes applied research?

I. practical-oriented
II. solution-specific
III. a more universal research method
IV. expands existing knowledge

A. I only B. I, II C. I, II, III D. IV only

________8. Basic research:_______________; Applied research: practical-oriented

A. Theory-oriented C. explanatory-oriented
B. Solution-oriented D. universal

Determine whether the following statement is true or false:

________9. Statement 1- Basic and applied research adopts different data collection
processes in order to gather relevant data and arrive at the most objective
research outcomes.
Statement 2- They typically make use of qualitative and quantitative data
gathering methods such as interviews, questionnaires, surveys, and focus
groups to gather information and arrive at research outcomes.
A. Statement 1 and 2 are true.
B. Statement 1 is true the other is false
C. Statement 1 is false, the other is true
D. Both statements are false.

________10. John Isaac a Grade 12 STEM student shows keen interest in marine biology.
Which of the following research titles do you think would suit him best?
A. Application of GSM Microcontroller for Storm Surge Early Warning and
Monitoring Device
B. Potential of Bio-enhancing Concrete Additives as a Mixture for Aquamarine
Concrete
C. Potential of Aratiles (Muntingia calabura) Tea as an Alternative Health
Supplement
D. Relationship Between the Duration of Exposure to Blue Light and Its
Effects to the Quality of Sleep

2
 Let’s Explore and Discover
Considering your interest and passion, what would
be the best scientific research you could think of?

Identifying and formulating a scientific research problem

is perhaps the most difficult part in making your own research.
I know that you have done this several times already and I
believe that you can still do it today. Designing your
research/capstone project/work includes observing scientific
and innovative methods that combines educational and
cognitive components and a huge amount of passion and
creativity. It is time to bring out again the scientist in you.
Unlocking of
Difficulties Research is a systematic investigative process employed
Research/Capstone to increase or revise current knowledge by discovering new
facts. It can be divided into two general categories: (1) Basic
Project- Also called a
research, which is inquiry aimed at increasing scientific
capstone experience,
knowledge, and (2) Applied research, which is effort aimed at
culminating project, using basic research for solving problems or developing new
or senior exhibition, processes, products, or techniques.
among many other
terms, a capstone
project-is a
multifaceted
assignment that
serves as a
culminating academic
and intellectual
experience for
students, typically
during their final year
of high school or at
the end of an
academic program or
learning-pathway
experience.

Answer fundamental questions: Creates new products,

how do things work? technologies and processes?

>Leads to new products, >Leads to new fundamental

technologies and processes. questions.

(Source: The University of Texas at El Paso. “Basic vs. Applied Research,” accessed February 5,
2021. https://www.utep.edu/couri/about-ug-research/basic-vs-applied-research.html.)

In education, applied research is used to improve teaching and learning methods

by providing practical solutions to pedagogic problems. On the other hand, basic research
is used in education to develop new pedagogic theories that explain different behaviours
by teachers and students within the learning environment.

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Examples of basic research in education
include:
1. How does the human memory work?
2. How do children acquire new
languages?
Examples of applied research in education
include:
1. A study to build students' interests
in religious studies.
2. A study to improve classroom
interaction between teachers and
students.

Applied research helps health and medical practitioners to develop evidence-based

solutions to pressing health problems. On the other hand, basic research helps medical
practitioners to gain insights into different health issues such as the origin and symptoms
of diseases and infections which can be useful in developing a cure for such conditions.

Examples of basic research in health Examples of applied research in health

include: include:
1. An investigation into the secondary 1. An investigation to determine the
symptoms of the Human Papilloma healing properties of mushrooms.
Virus (HPV). 2. An investigation to determine the
2. An investigation into the symptoms side effects of alcohol consumption.
of diarrhea.

Similarities of Basic and Applied Research

Data Gathering Methods-basic and applied research adopt similar data collection
processes in order to gather relevant data and arrive at the most objective research
outcomes. They typically make use of qualitative and quantitative data gathering methods
such as interviews, questionnaires, surveys, and focus groups to gather information and
arrive at research outcomes.

Intersectionality- The research outcomes of basic research often serve as the

bedrock for applied research.

Inductive and Deductive Reasoning-Basic and applied research methods make

use of both inductive and deductive reasoning to support the research hypotheses. In
deductive reasoning, the researcher moves from the idea to observation, while in inductive
reasoning, the researcher transits from observation to the idea.

Identifying your Scientific Research Problem

The first and most important step in any research is

to identify and delineate the research problem.
The first and most important step in any research is to identify
and delineate the research problem: that is, what the researcher
wants to solve and what questions he/she wishes to answer. A
research problem may be defined as an area of concern, a gap in the
existing knowledge, or a deviation in the norm or standard that points
to the need for further understanding and investigation.

A scientific problem is something you don’t understand but you can do an

experiment to help you understand. Scientific problems are usually based on observation
of scientific phenomena.

4
 Here are some advices to help you identify a scientific problem you can address by
designing your own scientific research:

Choosing a Research Problem / How to Begin

Step 1 Identify concepts and terms that make up the topic statement.

Under this scenario, the key process is turning an idea or general thought into
a topic that can be configured into a research problem. When given an
assignment where you choose the research topic, don't begin by thinking about
what to write about, but rather, ask yourself the question, "What do I want to
understand or learn about?" Treat an open-ended research assignment as an
opportunity to gain new knowledge about something that's new or exciting to
you related to the overall subject of the course.
Step 2 Review related literature to help refine how you will approach examining
the topic and finding a way to analyze it.

 Review your course readings, particularly the suggested readings, for

topic ideas. Don't just review what you've already read but jump ahead
in the syllabus to readings that have not been covered yet.
 Search recently published book and, if appropriate, more specialized
works related to the discipline area of the course
 Browse through some current journals in your subject discipline. Even if
most of the articles are not relevant, you can skim through the contents
quickly. You only need one to be the spark that begins the process of
wanting to learn more about a topic.
 Browse through some current journals in your subject discipline. Even if
most of the articles are not relevant, you can skim through the contents
quickly. You only need one to be the spark that begins the process of
wanting to learn more about a topic.

Step 3 Look for sources that can help broaden, modify, or strengthen your initial
thoughts and arguments.

To build upon your initial idea, use the suggestions under this tab to help
narrow, broaden, or increase the timeliness of your idea so you can write it out
as a research problem.

There are least four appropriate roles your related literature plays in
helping you formulate how to begin your analysis:

Sources of criticism -- frequently, you'll find yourself reading materials that are
relevant to your chosen topic, but you disagree with the author's position.

Sources of new ideas -- it is certainly acceptable [and often encouraged] to read

the literature and extend, modify, and refine your own position in light of the
ideas proposed by others.

Sources for historical context -- another role your related literature plays in
formulating how to begin your analysis is to place issues and events in proper
historical context. This can help to demonstrate familiarity with developments
in relevant scholarship about your topic, provide a means of comparing
historical versus contemporary issues and events, and identifying key people,
places, and events that had an important role related to the research problem.
Given its archival journal coverage, a good multidisciplinary database to use in
this case is JSTOR.

5
Step 4 Assuming you have done an effective job of synthesizing and thinking about
the results of your initial search for related literature, you're ready to prepare a
detailed outline for your paper that lays the foundation for a more in-depth
and focused review of relevant research literature

A good scientific research problem should have the following characteristics:

1. It should address a gap in knowledge.
2. It should be significant enough to contribute to the existing body of research
3. It should lead to further research
4. The problem should render itself to investigation through collection of data
5. It should be of interest to the researcher and suit his/her skills, time, and
resources
6. The approach towards solving the problem should be ethical.

Examples of scientific research/capstone topics for STEM include:

1. The role and impact of IT infrastructure Usage in the Healthcare industry
2. Application on the generation of mazes for computer games.
3. WEB service for building multi-dimensional polynomial regression by redundant
description.
4. Journey to new, better energy industry.
5. Mathematical logic and its achievements.
6. Mathematical reasoning and proof in mathematics.
7. Mathematics in architecture. Plato body. Symmetry and harmony of the world
around
8. Human impact on the biosphere and its results.
9. Evolution of the relationship between man and the natural environment.
10. Issues of rational use of agricultural lands.
11. Alternative sources of energy, prospects of their development..
12. The impact of education on obesity.

Let’s Practice

Directions: Read the following statements carefully. Put a check mark ( ) if the
statement describes the characteristic of a good research problem and cross mark (X) if
the sentence does not. Write your answer on the line before each number.

____________________1. It should address a gap in knowledge.

____________________2. It should be insignificant enough to contribute to the existing

body of research

____________________3. The problem should render itself to investigation through

collection of data

____________________4. It should be of interest to the researcher and does not suit

his/her skills, time, and resources

_____________________5. The approach towards solving the problem should be ethical.

6
Directions: Enumerate the steps in identifying scientific research problem. Write the
numbers 1-5 on the line before each number.

____________1. Determine your areas of interest and passion.

______________2. Write down the possible topics which is a relatively specific area of
knowledge, or subject, you will be working in.

______________3. Identify a scientific problem, find sources that relate to your topic and
look to see what problems are raised in your search. Write down the
problems that you find. Choose one that would be interesting to solve
and that is feasible for you to solve.

______________4. Check it with the characteristics a good scientific research problem.

______________5. Write down your research title.

Let’s Do More

Directions: Identify your scientific research problem. Follow the instructions and write
your answers on the space provided.

1. Determine your areas of interest and passion.

2. Write down possible topics which are relatively specific to your area of
knowledge, or interest, you will be working in.

3. Identify a scientific problem. Check it with the characteristics a good

scientific research problem.

4. Write down your research title.

7
 Rubric for Scoring
5 4 3
Identifies a research Identifies a topic that Identifies a topic that Identifies a topic that
topic and title. meets the parameters only partially meets does not meet the
of the activity the parameters of the parameters of the
Associated outcome: assignment assignment
Identifies a topic that
Students will develop is scalable and is Identifies a topic that Identifies a topic that
a research topic with something they can is either too broad or is not something they
a manageable focus find information too narrow and needs can reasonably find
about to be scaled more information about

Directions: Differentiate basic and applied research and include their similarities
in the Venn diagram below. Write your answers inside the box.

Basic Research Applied Research

Similarities

Let’s Sum It Up
Directions: Answer the following questions. Write your answers in
the space below each item. Your answers will be graded using the
scoring rubric.

Scoring Rubric:
Skills 5 4 3
Demonstrates a Demonstrates a Demonstrates a
conscious and thorough basic understanding
Depth of Reflection thorough understanding of the of the subject
understanding of the subject matter. matter.
subject matter.
Information is very Information is Information is
Organization organized with well- organized with well- organized but
constructed constructed paragraphs are not
paragraphs. paragraphs. well-constructed.
8
 Demonstrates control Demonstrates control Demonstrates
of the conventions of the conventions, limited control of
Writing Conventions with essentially no exhibiting occasional the conventions,
errors. errors. exhibiting frequent
errors.

1. Write down your identified scientific research problem. What do you think is the
significance of your research?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

2. Were you able to consider the characteristics in writing a good scientific research in
your title? Elaborate the characteristics with your scientific research.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

3. How would you classify your scientific research, is it basic or applied research?
Explain.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Let’s Assess
Directions: Carefully read the following statements. Choose and write only the letter of
the best answer on the line before each number.

_____1. Which of the following describes basic research?

I. explanatory and analytical in nature
II. universal in nature
III. conducted in a controlled research environment such as a laboratory
IV. solution-specific

A. I only B. I, II C. I, II, III D. IV only

_____2. Which of the following describes applied research?

I. practical-oriented
II. solution-specific
III. a more universal research method
IV. expands existing knowledge
A. I only B. I, II C. I, II, III D. IV only

_______3. Basic research:_______________; Applied research: practical-oriented

A. Theory-oriented C. explanatory-oriented
B. Solution-oriented D. universal

9
 Determine whether the following statement is true or false:
_______4. Statement 1- Basic and applied research adopts different data collection
processes in order to gather relevant data and arrive at the most objective
research outcomes.
Statement 2- They typically make use of qualitative and quantitative data
gathering methods such as interviews, questionnaires, surveys, and focus
groups to gather information and arrive at research outcomes.
A. Statement 1 and 2 are true.
B. Statement 1 is true the other is false
C. Statement 1 is false, the other is true
D. Both statements are false.

_______5. John Isaac a Grade 12 STEM student shows keen interest in marine biology.
Which of the following research titles do you think would suit him best?
A. Application of GSM Microcontroller for Storm Surge Early Warning and
Monitoring Device
B. Potential of Bio-enhancing Concrete Additives as a Mixture for Aquamarine
Concrete
C. Potential of Aratiles (Muntingia calabura) Tea as an Alternative Health
Supplement
D. Relationship Between the Duration of Exposure to Blue Light and Its
Effects to the Quality of Sleep

_______6. It is a multifaceted assignment that serves as a culminating academic and

intellectual experience for students, typically during their final year of high school or at
the end of an academic program or learning-pathway experience.
A. Research/Capstone Project
B. Thesis
C. Scientific Research Problem
D. Dissertation

Determine whether the following statement is true or false:

______7. Statement 1- The first and most important step in any research is to identify and
delineate the research problem: that is, what the researcher wants to solve and
what questions he/she wishes to answer.
Statement 2- A research problem may be defined as an area of concern, a gap in
the existing knowledge, or a deviation in the norm or standard that points to the
need for further understanding and investigation.
A. Statement 1 and 2 are true.
B. Statement 1 is true the other is false
C. Statement 1 is false, the other is true
D. Both statements are false.

________8. ALL BUT ONE are the characteristics of a good scientific research problem.
A. It should address a gap in knowledge.
B. It should be significant enough to contribute to the existing body of
research
C. The problem should not render itself to investigation through collection of
data
D. The approach towards solving the problem should be ethical.

________9. A research problem may be defined as the following, EXCEPT:

A. An area of concern
B. A gap in the existing knowledge
C. A deviation in the norm or standard that points to the need for further
understanding and investigation
D. A systematic investigative process employed to increase or revise current
knowledge
10
________10. Which of the following is the most important when choosing your scientific
research problem?
A. Should be within the area of your interest
B. Identified and delineated research problem
C. Relevant studies
D. Relatively specific area of knowledge

Answer Key
Let’s Try Let’s Practice Let’s Do More
1. A 6. C
2. A 7. B
3. C 8. A
4. D 9. C Student’s answer
1. 1. 1
5. A 10. B may vary
2. X 2. 2
3. 3. 3 Rubric included
4. X 4. 4
5. 5. 5

Let’ s Sum It Up
Applied
Research With scoring rubric
Similarities
-practical-oriented
-data
gathering
-action-oriented
-solution- Answers may
methods
-intersectionality specific Vary
-inductive -limited in
and nature
deductive

Let’ s Assess
1. C 3. A 5. B 7. A 9. D
2. B 4. C 6. A 8. C 10. A

References
Books
Creswell,J.W. (2009). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods
approaches (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Websites

Formplus.”15 Differences Between Basic and Applied Research,” accessed February 5,

2021. https://www.formpl.us/blog/basic-applied-research.

The University of Texas at El Paso. “Basic vs. Applied Research,” accessed February 5,
2021. https://www.utep.edu/couri/about-ug-research/basic-vs-applied-
research.html.

11
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