HAKIKAT IPA

Harry Firman
harry.firman@hotmail.com

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 MATERI KAJIAN
❶Apa IPA (Sains) itu?
❷Aspek Dinamik IPA
❸Aspek Statik IPA
❹Keterampilan Proses IPA
❺Hierarki Pengetahuan dalam IPA
❻Sifat Pengetahuan dalam IPA

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 Definisi IPA, Biologi, Fisika, Kimia
Definisi
Sains

Biologi

Fisika

Kimia

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 Definitions
Biology Biology is the study of life and living organism, from
one-celled creatures to the most complex living
organism of all – the human being’
Physics Physics is “the study of matter, energy, and the
interaction between them”, but what that really
means is that physics is about asking fundamental
questions and trying to answer them by observing
and experimenting.
Chemistry Chemistry is the study of matter, its properties, how
and why substances combine or separate to form
other substances, and how substances interact with
energy.
Earth Earth science is the study of planet Earth, covering
Science all aspects of the planet from the deep inner core to
the outer layers of the atmosphere.
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 APA IPA ITU?
• “Science is a body of knowledge about the
natural world, formed by a process of
continuous inquiry, and encompassing the
people engaged in the scientific enterprise.
The type of knowledge, the process of inquiry,
and the individuals in science all contribute in
various ways to form a unique system called
science”.
(Bybee, R. W., & Powell, J. C., 2014)

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ASPEK STATIS DAN DINAMIS IPA

Aspek •Scientific
Dinamik Processes
IPA
(Science)

Aspek •Scientific
Statik Knowledge
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PROSES MENGHASILKAN PRODUK IPA
Proses Sains Produk sains
(ways of finding out) (system of ideas)
Observasi  Fakta

Pengumpulan dan  Data

pencatatan (data)

Klasifikasi  Konsep

Eksperimentasi  Hukum, prinsip,

aturan
(Farmer dan Farrell, 1980)
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SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS (Sheeba, 2013)
Experimenting
Experimenting

Identifying & Controlling

Formulating hypothesis variables

Defining operationally Interpreting data

Integrated Process Skills

Basic Process Skills
Using space-time relationship Communicating

Predicting Inferring

Measuring Classifying

Observing
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 HIRARKI PENGETAHUAN
TEORI

Menerangkan
Prinsip,
Prinsip,Hukum,
Hukum,
Aturan
Aturan

Konsep

Fakta
Hipotesis
H

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Kategorikan Pengetahuan IPA Berikut:
No. Pengetahuan Kategori
1 Gas ideal
2 Sel darah merah membawa oksigen ke seluruh tubuh
3 Nitrogen cair mendidih pada 77 K
4 DNA tersimpan dalam inti sel
5 Air mendidih pada 100oC pada tekanan udara 1 atm
6 Gas hidrogen mudah terbakar
7 Es terapung dalam air
8 Rangkaian seri
9 Tektonik lempeng
10 E = m c2
11 Orbital
12 Gaya apung
13 Air laut mengandung natrium klorida
14 Seleksi alam
15 Konservasi massa hf/hakikat IPA/July2017 10
Kategorikan Pengetahuan IPA Berikut:
No. Pengetahuan Kategori
16 Transformasi energi
17 “Bing Bang”
18 Elektron bermuatan negatif
19 Persamaan gas ideal
20 Amphibia
21 Kecepatan
22 Kloning
23 Zat aditif
24 Semikonduktor
25 Larutan Penyangga
26 Pembiasan
27 Pencernaan
28 Keuntungan mekanik
29 Fotosintesis
30 Kepolaran molekul hf/hakikat IPA/July2017 11
SIFAT PENGETAHUAN DALAM IPA

Empirik

Tentatif

Terbatas

Imajinatif dan Kreatif

Teruji
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