ACTA PALAEONTOLOGICA ROMANIAE V. 2 (1999), P.

53-72

LOWER CRETACEOUS DASYCLAD ALGAE FROM THE PADUREA CRAIULUI MASSIF

(NORTHERN APUSENI MOUNTAINS, ROMANIA)
1
IOAN I. BUCUR

Abstract. The Lower Cretaceous deposits in Pădurea Craiului bear a relatively rich assemblage of dasyclad algae
belonging to the Valanginian-Aptian interval. Most of the species illustrated in the present paper were sampled from
the Blid Formation (“Lower Pachyodont Limestone”) . Several paleontological remarks on some less known species
as well as on a few species with uncertain systematic position are presented. The folowing new combinations are
also suggested: Anisoporella? cretacea (DRAGASTAN, 1967) nov. comb., Anisoporella? jurassica (ENDO, 1961)
nov. comb. Falsolikanella(?) silvaeregis (BUCUR, 1981) nov. comb., Milanovicella pejovicae (RADOICIČ, 1975) nov.
comb. and Similiclypeina paucicalcarea (CONRAD, 1970) nov.comb., and a new species, Neomizzia dacica n.sp. is
described, the genus Neomizzia LEVY, 1966 being validated by designation of a lectotype.
Keywords: systematics, dasyclad algae, Lower Cretaceous, Pădurea Craiului (Apuseni Mountains), Romania.

INTRODUCTION. STRATIGRAPHICAL SETTING

The Pădurea Craiului Massif is situated in north-
western Romania, being part of the Apuseni Mountains
(Fig. 1 ). From a structural point of view the sedimentary
deposits in this massif are part of the Bihor-Pădurea
Craiului unit. Their age ranges from Permian to Upper
Cretaceous (PATRULIUS, in IANOVICI et al., 1976).
The Cretaceous deposits follow a sedimentary gap due
to the lifting of the region at the end of the Upper
Jurassic. At the base they consist of bauxitic rocks.
Within the succession corresponding to the Lower
Cretaceous, the following lithostratigraphical units have
been delimitated (PATRULIUS, in IANOVICI et al., 1976;
DRAGASTAN et al., 1986, 1988, 1989; BUCUR et al.,
1993; BUCUR & COCIUBA, 1996, 1998; COCIUBA,
1999) (Fig.2):
1. The Blid Formation (DRAGASTAN et al., 1986,
1988)
Following the Upper Jurassic sedimentation gape,
this formation comprises two members (COCIUBA,
1999):
1.a. The Dobreşti Member, which has at the base
bauxitiferous rocks or lies directly on Upper Jurassic
limestones. They had initially a lacustrine character,
changing subsequently into a brackish and finally
normal marine one and were known as “Characean- and
Gastropod-bearind limestones”. Characeans,
abounding in the lower part of these limestones have
Figure 1 – Location of the study area in the teritory of the
been descibed by DRAGASTAN et al. (1966). In Apuseni Mountains.
characean- and gastropod bearing limestones several
levels abounding in Salpingoporella anullata CAROZZI
as well as some levels containing small foraminifera, Bobdei Limestone Member (Cociuba, 1999) (Fig.2).
Montsalevia salevensis (CHAROLLAIS et al.) included, The latter member is also known in literature as “Middle
also occur. The age of the Dobresti Member is most Pachyodont Limestone”. These deposits are considered
probably Valanginian-Hauterivian. to be of Early Aptian age (early Bedoulian) based on
1.b. The Coposeni Member, frequently known in Palorbitolina lenticularis (BLUMENBACH) and
literature as “Lower Pachyodont Limestone” Palaeodictyoconus arabicus (HENSON), occurring
(PATRULIUS in IANOVICI et al., 1976), is considered to together in the Valea Bobdei Limestone.
be of Barremian age. The foraminifera assemblege 3. The Valea Măgurii Limestone Formation
occuring in the lower part of these limestones is (COCIUBA, 1999) lies on the Ecleja marls and ends with
dominated by Paracoskinolina? jourdanensis (FOURY & a discontinuity surface, sometimes with feruginous
MOULLADE) (BUCUR et al., 1993). crusts. It bears Palorbitolina lenticularis and
2. The Ecleja Formation (PATRULIUS, in IANOVICI Orbitolinopsis div. sp., pointing to a Bedoulian (probably
et al., 1976), a succession of gray, partly siltic marls to late Bedoulian) age.
marly siltites, includes also two lithologicaly diferent 4. The Vârciorog Formation (COCIUBA, 1999) is a
members (COCIUBA, 1999): The Gugu Breccia new name for the so called “Glauconitic sandstone and
Member (PATRULIUS et al., 1982) and the Valea the upper pachyodont limestone”. In the limestone

1
Babeş-Bolyai University, Department of Geology-Paleontology Str. M. Kogălniceanu nr.1, 3400 Cluj-Napoca, Romania

53
 I.I. BUCUR
Figure 2 – General succession of the Lower Creataceous
deposits from Pădurea Craiului Mountains. 1 – bauxitic
rocks; 2 – limestones; 3 – breccia; 4 – marls and shales; 5
– sandstones.
intercalations, Mesorbitolina texana (ROEMER) is
present. The Vârciorog Formation is considered of
Gargasian-Albian age.
Remarks on the Dobreşti Member
A few additional remarks on the Dobreşti Member
are needed here. The age of its limestones is highly
controversial. Dragastan et al. (1966) identified in the
Characean-bearing Limestones an assemblage bearing
Atopochara trivolvis, species that could account for the
Barramian-Aptian age. Nevertheless, in the caption to
plate I (Dragastan et al., 1966), the deposits bearing
Atopochara trivolvis are regarded as Hauterivian in age,
while the text (p. 24) states that: “afin de pouvoir
attribuer une valeure stratigraphique aux formes citées,
il sera nécessaire de faire une étude des microfaciès du
Jurassique supérieur et du Crétacé inférieur de la
région…” (“in order to be able to assign stratigraphic
value to the forms quoted, it will be necessary to
perform a study on the microfacies from the Upper
Jurassic to the Lower Cretaceous interval in the
region”). Dragastan et al. (1988, 1989) also assigned
54
the Characean- and Gastropod-bearing Limestones to
the Barremian, based on their identification of the
assemblage (Dragastan et al., 1966). In several other
papers (Bucur et al., 1993; Bucur & Cociuba, 1996;
1998), I have argued that the Characean- and
Gastropod-bearing Limestones may be Valanginian-
Hauterivian in age, due to the presence of the following
species: Salpingoporella annulata, S. katzeri,
Montsalevia salevensis, Meandrospira favrei and
Haplophragmoides joukowskyi. In a recent paper,
Dragastan (1999) questions the accuracy of
identification of the four species illustrated by Bucur &
Cociuba (1996) as follows: “The so called «Valanginian-
Hauterivian» assemblage containing Salpingoporella
annulata, S. katzeri, Montsalevia salevensis and
Haplophragmoides joukowskyi, found by Bucur &
Cociuba (1996) in the Gastropod limestone,
corresponds in fact to a longitudinal subaxial section
through a Gastropod shell (the first species) and to
Salpingoporella urladanasi (the second species), a
Barremian-Early Aptian taxon; as concerns the two
foraminifera species, they are not conclusive and do not
belong to the taxa assigned by the authors (Neagu,
pers. comun.)” The Salpingoporella annulata specimen,
regarded by Dragastan (1999) as a gastropod, is
illustrated in the present paper in plate I, fig. 1 and plate
VI, figs. 1,2. For better comparison, besides the
tangential-longitudinal section characteristic for
Salpingoporella annulata (“avec un tracé en zigzag
rejoignant les ramifications phloïophores dilatées
verticalement”, BERNIER, 1984) in Pl.I, fig. 1 and Pl. VI,
figs. 1 and 2, I am also presenting a few similar sections
taken from Carozzi (1953, figs. 3-6) (Pl. VI, fig. 6 in this
paper), Sartoni & Crescenti (1962, Pl. XLIV, fig. 4) (Pl.
VI, fig. 4 in this paper), Jafrezzo (1973, Pl. I, fig. 11) (Pl.
VI, fig. 3 in this paper).
The Salpingoporella katzeri specimen, regarded by
Dragastan (1999) as a S. urladanasi specimen, is also
illustrated in the present paper (Pl. I, fig.2 and text-fig.3)
together with other speciments of the same species (Pl.
I, figs. 5,6; Pl. VI, figs. 8-10,13). The specimens
presented reveal two characteristics typical for S.
katzeri: (1) the polygonal (even hexagonal) shape of
ramifications in external tangential section (Pl. I, fig. 5)
and (2) the short, narrow and excentrically situated
connected pore, at the level of the lower ramification
rim, characteristic depicted by Sokac (1996). On the
other hand, the ramifications in S. urladanasi reveal in
tangential section a typically quadrangular shape, being
highly flattened transversally (Conrad et al., 1977).
The two algal species occur in the Characean- and
Gastropod-bearing Limestones together with
Montsalevia salevensis and rare specimens of
Haplophragmoides joukowskyi and Meandrospira favrei.
For a better emphasis on the accuracy of identification
of the two foraminifer species mentioned by Dragastan
(1999), they are illustrated in Pl. VI, figs. 19 and 23
together with copies from the original paper (Charollais
et al., 1966) on the same scale (Pl. VI, figs. 21, 22, 26-
31). Other specimens of these species, collected from
Valanginian-Hauterivian deposits in Padurea Craiului,
have also been illustrated before (Bucur & Cociuba,
1998, Pl. I, figs. 1-9).
The presence of the four species within the
Characean- and Gastropod-bearing Limestones (the
Dobresti Member, Cociuba, 1999) is obvious. Figure 3
presents the sequence of deposits overlying the bauxite
lens 68 at Cornet, with the exact location of samples
and the microfacies sequence.
 LOWER CRETACEOUS DASYCLAD ALGAE FROM THE PADUREA CRAIULUI MASSIF

Figure 3 – Succession of Lower Cretaceous deposits above the bauxite lens 68 (Cornet), showing the alternanting Characean-
and Dasyclad bearing limestones. 1 – limestone; 2 – breccia and levels with black pabbles; 3 – bauxite; 4 – rudists; 5 – small
gastropods. A, B, C, E, F – Characean –bearing biomicrites; D, G, H, I, J – Dasycladalean-bearing biomicrites: Salpingoporella
annulata (D, I, J), Salpingoporella katzeri (G, J), Praturlonella nerae (H).

55
 I.I. BUCUR
What could be debatable here, I think, is the
biostratigraphic significance of these species. The most
recent deposits bearing S. annulata have been assigned
to the Hauterivian (Luperto Sinni & Masse, 1984; Masse
& Santenac, 1987; Chiocchini et al., 1988; Chiocchini et
al., 1994; Schindler & Conrad, 1994; Claps et al., 1996),
although the species is present, within the Lower
Cretaceous, mainly in Berriasian-Valanginian deposits.
S. katzeri, initially reported from Berriasian-Valanginian
deposits (Conrad & Radoicic, 1978), has also been
assigned to the Hauterivian (Luperto Sinni & Masse,
1984; Masse & Sentenac, 1987). Besides the two
Salpingoporella species, the sections analysed also
bear Clypeina parasolkani, a species also reported from
the entire Berriasian-Hauterivian interval (Farinacci &
Radoicic, 1991; Bucur, unpublished data). Montsalevia
salevensis and Haplophragmoides joukowskyi have
been generally identified in Valanginian deposits but
have also been reported from Hauterivian deposits
(Masse, 1976; Jaffrezo, 1980; Bucur, 1988; Altiner,
1991). Moreover, the first orbitolinids characteristic for
the Lower Barremian (possibly even the upper part of
the Hauterivian), belonging to species Paracoskinolina?
jourdanensis, occur in the column of the Lower
Cretaceous deposits in the area about 40 to 70 m over
the Characean- and Gastropod-bearing Limestones
(approximately the terminal part of the first third of the
Coposeni Member limestones).
The synthesis of these data has led me to the
conclusion that the assemblage may occur within
deposits ranging in age from the Valanginian to the
Hauterivian. This statement comes into conflict with that
of Dragastan et al. (1988, 1989), according to whom the
Characean-bearing Limestones bear Atopochara
trivolvis and this species accounts for their Barremian-
Aptian age. The accuracy of identification of the species
Atopochara trivolvis, illustrated by Dragastan et al.
(1966) and presented in this paper in Pl. VI, fig. 7 is not
being questioned, although Schudack (written
information, 1998) states that: “…it is not possible to
determine charophyte species in thin section. Therefore,
no stratigraphic data can be derived from thin sections”.
It is worth mentioning here that, according to the same
author (Schudack, 1993), Atopochara trivolvis is present
in the Lower Cretaceous within the Berriasian-Albian
interval, as a sequence of subspecies and
assemblages. In order to accurately assign any of these
subspecies to a certain age, it is necessary to undertake
a thorough study of rock-detached specimens of
characeae and to correlate the resulting information with
data provided by the micropaleontological analysis of
dasyclad algae and foraminifer assemblages present in
the limestones immediately overlying the limestones
bearing characeae or inserted between them. Such a
study is in progress. It is likely that the deposits
overlying the bauxite and underlying the Barremian
rudist-bearing limestones (the Coposeni Member, 1999)
may have had a complex history, which may have led to
the formation of characean-bearing limestones both in
the Valanginian and the Hauterivian, or even the Lower
Barremian. Several discontinuities in the above
mentioned sequence, as well as the presence of certain
limestones bearing Valanginian - Hauterivian microflora
and microfauna, inserted among levels of characea-
bearing limestones or immediately overlying them,
suggest such an evolution.
56
CALCAREOUS ALGAE ASSEMBLAGES
All calcareous algae presented in this study were
sampled from the Dobreşti Member, the Coposeni
Member as well as from various levels corresponding to
the “Middle an Upper Pachyodont Limestones” (Valea
Bobdei Member, Valea Măgurii Formation and limestone
intercalations in the Vârciorog Formation). The Dobreşti
limestone Member comprises, ocasionaly, several levels
rich in Salpingoporella anullata CAROZZI (Pl. I, figs. 1-
3; Pl.VI, figs.1, 2, 5), S. katzeri CONRAD & RADOICIČ
(Pl. I, figs. 4-6; Pl.VI, figs.8-10, 13), Clypeina
parasolkani FARINACCI & RADOICIČ and rare
soecimens of Praturlonella nerae (DRAGASTAN,
BUCUR & DEMETER) (Pl.5, fig.12). The richest algal
assemblage was found in the Coposeni limestone
Member: Acroporella Radoicicae PRATURLON (Pl. III,
fig. 9), Actinoporella sp. (Pl. III, figs. 14, 15, 20),
Clypeina ? maslovi (PRATURLON) (Pl. III, fig. 16),
Clypeina marteli EMBERGER (Pl. III, figs. 17, 21),
Cylindroporella cf. barnesii JOHNSON (Pl. II, figs. 13,
16), Cylindroporella ? elliptica BAKALOVA (Pl. II, figs.
12, 20), Cylindroporella cf. lyrata MASSE & LUPERTO
SINNI (Pl. II, figs. 14, 19), Cylindroporella cf.
pedunculata (JAFFREZO, POISSON & AKBULUT) (Pl.
II, figs. 15, 18, 21), ?Dissocladella sp. (Pl. IV, fig. 18),
Falsolikanella danilovae (RADOICIČ) (Pl. V, figs. 1-11,
13, 14), Falsolikanella ? silvaeregis (BUCUR) (Pl. III,
figs. 8, 19), Milanovicella pejovicae (RADOICIČ) (Pl. V,
fig. 18), ?Milanovicella sp. (Pl. V, figs. 15-17), Neomeris
sp. (Pl. III, fig. 13), Neomizzia dacica n. sp. (Pl. III, figs.
7, 11, 12, 18), Salpingoporella cf. biokovensis SOKAC &
VELIC (Pl. I, figs. 17, 22), Salpingoporella exilis
DRAGASTAN (Pl. I, figs. 18-20), Salpingoporella
genevensis (CONRAD) (Pl. I, figs. 12, 13),
Salpingoporella melitae RADOICIČ (Pl. I, figs. 7-8),
Salpingoporella muehlbergii (LORENZ) (Pl. I, figs. 9-11),
Salpingoporella patruliusi BUCUR (Pl. II, figs. 1-10),
Salpingoporella cf. piriniae CARRAS & RADOICIČ (Pl. I,
fig. 16, 21), Salpingoporella sp. (Pl. I, figs. 14, 15),
Similiclypeina conradi BUCUR (Pl. IV, figs. 9 - 14, 16,
17), Similiclypeina paucicalcarea (CONRAD) nov. comb.
(Pl. IV, fig. 7), Similiclypeina cf. somalica (CONRAD,
PEYBERNES & MASSE) (Pl. IV, Figs. 15, 19).
The limestones in Valea Măgurii and Vârciorog
Formations bear a relatively poor algal microflora:
Anisoporella? cretacea DRAGASTAN (Pl. III, figs. 1-6),
Bakalovaella elitzae (BAKALOVA) (Pl. II, Fig. 11),
Neomeris cretacea STEINMANN (Pl. III, fig. 10) and
Terquemella sp. (Pl. II, fig. 17). The microproblematic
“Coptocampylodon” (Carpathoporella) fontis
PATRULIUS is also very frequent.
PALEONTOLOGICAL REMARKS ON SOME
CALCAREOUS ALGAE
Genus Anisoporella BOTERON, 1961
Anisoporella? cretacea (DRAGASTAN, 1967) BUCUR,
1995 emend.
Pl. III, figs. 1-6
1967 - Pseudoepimastopora cretacea n. sp. - DRAGASTAN, p.
448, Pl. IV, figs. 32, 33, 37-39.
1969 - Pseudoepimastopora cretaacea DRAGASTAN -
JOHNSON, Pl. V4, figs. 1-5.
1973 - Neomeris pfendere KONISHI & EPIS - BAKALOVA, p.
83, Pl. III, fig. 5.
1974 - Pseudoepimastopora cretacea DRAGASTAN -
CHRISCHEV & BAKALOVA, p. 67, Pl. III, fig. 1.
 LOWER CRETACEOUS DASYCLAD ALGAE FROM THE PADUREA CRAIULUI MASSIF
1975 - Pseudoepimastopora cretacea DRAGASTAN -
DRAGASTAN, p. 65, Pl. LI, fig. 2.
?1975 - Harlanjohnsonella sp. - DRAGASTAN, p. 68, Pl. LXXV,
fig. 3.
1978 - Pseudoepimastopora cretacea DRAGASTAN -
BAKALOVA, p. 8, Pl. III, fig. 7.
1978 - Neomeris pfendere KONISHI & EPIS - BAKALOVA, p.
7, Pl. III, fig. 8.
?1980 - Harlanjohnsonella sp. - DRAGASTAN, Pl. I3, fig. 7.
?1982 - Gyroporella lukicae n. sp. - SOKAC, p. 37, Pl. I, II.
1992 - Epimastoporella cretacea (DRAGASTAN) - BUCUR, p.
451, Pl. IV, figs. 1-11.
1994 - Epimastoporella cretacea (DRAGASTAN) - BUCUR, p.
48, Pl. V, figs. 14-22.
1995 – Anisoporella cretacea (DRAGASTAN) – BUCUR, p. 87,
pl.IV, figs.8, 9, 12, 13
1996 – Anisoporella cretacea (DRAGASTAN) – BUCUR &
COCIUBA, p. 43, pl. I, fig.9.
Remarks: The alga described by DRAGASTAN
(1967) from the Lower Cretaceous deposits of the
Padurea Craiului Massif was ignored by BASSOULET
at al. (1978) in the synthesis on Jurassic and
Cretaceous algae, which includes only the description of
one Mezozoic species assigned to the genus
Pseudoepimastopora: P. jurassica ENDO, 1960.
BUCUR (1992) assigned the species P. cretacea to the
genus Epimastoporella ROUX, 1979, with an emended
diagnosis. The specimens subsequently found in the
Lower Cretaceous deposits from the Padurea Craiului
Mountains, in the area mentioned by DRAGASTAN
(1967) as type locality, prove that we have, in fact, to
deal with an alga showing ramifications with an
euspondyle arrangement (Pl. III, figs. 1, 3) and a
vesiculiform shape (Pl. III, figs. 1, 4-6) . The superficial
tangential sections show a round shape , the poligonal
configuration (BUCUR,1992) being a result of pressures
due to the dense arrangement within the verticils.
The above mentioned remarks require a series of
changes as follows:
1. The alga belongs probably to the genus
Anisoporella BOTTERON., 1961 (vesiculiform
ramifications with an euspondyle arrangement ), thus we
have to consider the new combination A?. cretacea
(DRAGASTAN, 1967). It differs from Triassic species of
Anisoporella in having only one row of ramifications in
each verticil, thus the question mark.
2. The diagnosis of the species needs the following
emendation: " Cylindrical, unsegmented thallus, with a
wide axial cavity bordered by a relatively thin calcareous
wall. The latter is penetrated by pores (branches)
displayed in an euspondyle arrangement. The shape of
branches is vesiculiform in longitudinal section and
round or polygonal (due to reciprocal pressures of the
branches) in tangential section . Due to thallus fragility
the alga occurs mostly as fragments ."
Dimensions (according to DRAGASTAN, 1967;
BUCUR, 1992 and new data in this study) :
L > 5 mm; D = 0.92 – 1.92 mm; d = 0,47 – 1.38 mm;
e = 0.14 – 0.39 mm. p = 0.07-0.18 mm; l = 0.15 – 0.19
mm; h = 0.12 – 0.18 mm.
3. As shown by SENOWBARI-DARYAN et al.
(1994), Gyroporella lukicae SOKAC and VELIC, 1982
belongs to the genus Anisoporella. Consequently, the
mentioned autors suggested the new combination A.
lukicae (SOKAC & VELIC, 1982). Moreover, comparing
the general shape of the thallus, the shape and
arrangement of ramifications and the ratio between the
main dimensional parameters from Gyroporella lukicae
SOKAC and VELIC, 1982, and Pseudoepimastopora
cretacea DRAGASTAN, 1967 (see also BUCUR, 1992
and the data in the present study), we consider that both
forms may belong to the same species (though G.
lukicae has generaly larger dimensions of the thallus). In
this case A. lukicae is a junior synonim of A? cretacea.
4. GRANIER & DELOFFRE (1993) consider P.
cretacea DRAGASTAN, 1967 as nomen nudum, owing
to the attribution of the species to the non valid genus
Pseudoepimastopora Endo, 1960. When the inventory
made by GRANIER and DELOFFRE (1993) was
published the species P. cretacea had been already
validated by its transfer to the genus Epimastoporella
Roux 1979 (BUCUR,1992). However, it is considered a
valid species by the new transfer, suggested here, to the
genus Anisoporella? BOTTERON, 1961.
5. ENDO (1961) described Pseudoepimastopora
jurassica n.sp. , considered by GRANIER & DELOFFRE
(1993) as nomen nudum. The species was
subsequently illustrated in several papers:
BOUROULLEC & DELOFFRE (1970, Pl. 7, figs. 1, 2 as
Epimastopora sp.), DRAGASTAN (1975, Pl. XXIII, fig. 2;
Pl. XXVIII, fig. 3; Pl. .XXXVII, fig. 3), SOTAK (1987, Pl.
VII, fig. 8, as Linoporella? capriotica), FARINACCI &
RADOICIČ (1991, Pl. I2, figs. 1-9 as Gyroporella sp.,
Gyroporellas aff. lukicae and "Pseudoepimastopora-
Epimastopora" group), SOTAK & MISIK (1993, Pl. I, fig.
5). This alga belongs probably, in our opinion, to the
genus Anisoporella BOTTERON, 1961. We also
suggest the new combination Anisoporella? jurassica
(ENDO, 1961). The specimens described and figured as
Anisoporella sp. (p.228, Pl. IV, figs. 9, 10, 12, 13) and
Epimastoporella jurassica (ENDO, 1961) nov. comb. (p.
228, Pl. V, fig. 9) by SENOWBARY-DARYAN at al.
(1994) belong in fact to Anisoporella? jurassica (ENDO,
1961) nov. comb.
Genus Actinoporella (GÜMBEL in ALTH, 1881)
Actinoporella sp.
Pl. III, figs. 14, 15, 20
Remarks: The three identified and figured
specimens fit the dimensional parameters indicated for
Actinoporella podolica (ALTH) by CONRAD et al.
(1974). Yet, there still are two morphological features
which make the mentioned species different: 1.) the
existance of an "excrescence" (corona) only in the
lower part of the ramifications (Pl. III, figs. 14, 15)) and
2.) the reciprocal touch of the ramifications within a
verticil only in the basal part (Pl. III, fig.20).
Dimensions: D = 1.17 – 1.55 mm; d = 0.37 – 0.48
mm; l = 0.45-0.69 mm; p = 0.10 – 0.25 mm; w = 10 -12.
Genus Cylindroporella JOHNSON, 1954
Cylindroporella cf. barnesii JOHNSON, 1954
Pl. II, figs. 13, 16
Cylindroporella cf. pedunculata (JAFFREZO et al.,
1980)
Pl. II, figs. 15, 18, 21
Remarks: The two algae occur associated, their
distinction being based mainly on dimensional criteria
(Tab. 1). Specimens resembling Cylinroporella cf.
barnesii were illustrated by LUPERTO SINNI & MASSE
(1984, Pl. III, figs. 5, 6, 10), LUPERTO SINNI & MASSE
(1986, Pl. II, figs. 2, 3), KUSS & CONRAD (1991, Fig.
2/12-16 (as Cylindroporella aff. barnesii).
Cylindroporella pedunculata, initially described from the
Western Taurides (Turkey) under the name
Pseudoepimastopora pedunculata (JAFFREZO et al.,
1980), and considered to be a senior synonym of the
species Korkyrella ivanovici SOKAC, 1981 (MASSE &
LUPERTO SINNI, 1989), was also reported by
CONRAD & PEYNERNES (1976, figs. 7a-d as
57
 I.I. BUCUR
Cylindroporella cf. barnesii), MASSE (1976, Pl. III, fig.
14; Pl. IV, fig. 1, as Cylindroporella aff. arsici),
PEYBERNES & CONRAD (1979, Pl. II, fig. 4, as
Cylindroporella barnesii), JAFFREZO et al. (1982, Pl. I,
figs. 6, 7, as "Dasycladale"), LUPERTO SINNI & MASSE
(1984, Pl. 34, figs. 1-8, as Cylindroporella sp.),
LUPERTO SINNI & MASSE (1986, Pl. II, figs. 1, 3, as
Cylindroporella sp.), MANCINELLI (1992, Pl. V, figs. 1-4,
as Cylindroporella ivanovici), BODROGI et al.(1993, Pl.
III, figs. 5, 6), LUPERTO SINNI & MASSE (1993, Pl. II,
figs. 12-15), SOTAK & MISIK (1993, Pl. V, figs. 5, 6),
BODROGI et al. (1994, Pl. I0, figs. 1-3), BUCUR (1994,
Pl. III, figs. 13-21, as Korkyrella cf. ivanovici). GRANIER
and DELOFFRE (1993) assign the alga described by
JAFFREZO et al. (1980) to the genus Epimastoporella.
Morphologically, Cylindroporella barnesii and
Cylindroporella pedunculata are similar, a fact already
mentioned by CONRAD (1982). Along with some
dimensional differences ( C. pedunculata has larger
general dimensions), the age of the deposits where they
were identified was a significant factor for their
assignment by different authors to one or the other
species. Thus, the specimens identified in Albian
deposits have been assigned rather to C. barnesii (REY
et al., 1977; GRANIER, 1988; KUSS & CONRAD, 1991;
MANCINELLI, 1992; SCHINDLER & CONRAD, 1994).
However, there are still many problems to clear
regarding the group of cylindroporelliform dasyclads. In
our opinion, Cylindroporella barnesii and C.
pedunculata, belonging to the same morphological type,
represent most probably one species.
Table 1 - Comparative dimensions of Cylinroporella cf.
barnesii JOHNSON and Cylindroporella cf. pedunculata
JAFFREZO et al.
Cylindroporella Cylindroporella cf.
cf. barnesii pedunculata
D 0,42 - 0,57 0,79 - 0,88
d 0,065 - 0,12 0,15 - 0,18
p (fertile) 0,12 - 0,18 0,15 - 0,21
w ~6 ~8
Cylindroporella cf. lyrata MASSE & LUPERTO SINNI,
1989
Pl. II, figs. 14, 19
1989 - Cylindroporella lyrata n. sp. - MASSE & LUPERTO
SINNI, p. 32, Pl. I, 2.
?1994 - Cylindroporella? lyrata MASSE & LUPERTO SINNI -
BOGROGI et al., p. 247, Pl. I6, figs. 1-5, 8-10.
Remarks: Some rare specimens of dasyclads
identified in the Blid Limestone may be assigned to
Cylindroporella lyrata MASSE and LUPERTO SINNI.
This cannot be done with certainty due to the absence
of more adequate sections. The affiliation of the
specimens figured by BODROGI et al. (1994) to C.
lyrata is also doubtful. The authors noted some
differences, yet they probably considered them to have
a generic significance ( this explains the question mark
following the name of the genus). Some specimens
seem to have a single type of primary ramifications,
relatively large, ending with a bush of short secondary
ramifications (Pl. I6, figs. 3 and 8 in BODROGI et al.,
194). Uncertainties may be also expressed concerning
the specimens figured by SCHLAGINTWEIT (1991, Pl.
I9, figs. 6-13, 15, 16) as Cylindroporella lyrata.
On the other hand, BODROGI et al. (1994, p. 247)
assert that: "In Voralberg erscheint gleichzeitig mit den
Quarzgöttungen die Kaklalge Cylindroporella? lyrata
58
MASSE & LUPERTO SINNI, die im Villany Gebiet nicht
vorkommt. Hingegen zeigt sich in den Apuseni-Bergen
Salpingoporella patruliusi BUCUR (BUCUR, 1985), die
dem vorerwühten Taxon sehr nahestehen dürfte bzw.
damit identisch sein könnte.("Along with the quartz
share there occurs in Voralberg the calcareous alga C.
lyrata MASSE and L. SINNI, which doesn`t occur in the
Villany region. On the other hand, in the Apuseni
Mountains occurs S. patruliusi BUCUR (BUCUR, 1985),
which must be closely related to the above mentioned
taxon, to which it might be even identical)
A similarity of S. patruliusi and C. lyrata is totally
superficial, eventually referring to certain cross sections
through less preserved specimens of C. lyrata.
Otherwise, S. patruliusi is a clearly individualised
species, characterised by a narrower axial cavity and
long branches, of one type and order, phloioforous and
with euspondyle arrangement (= genus Salpingoporella)
(see BUCUR, 1985, Pl. I-III; BUCUR, 1992, Pl. II;
BUCUR, 1994, Pl. X, figs. 23, 24, and the present
paper, Pl. II, figs.1-10). Cylindroporella lyrata, although
having a narrow axial cavity, shows two types of primary
branches (sterile and fertile) disposed alternatively
within the same verticil as well as secondary branches,
at the distal end of the sterile branches (= genus
Cylindroporella ) (see MASSE & LUPERTO SINNI,
1989, Pl. I, II). Thus, the two algae are clearlly distinct
and easy to distinguish.
Genus Falsolikanella GRANIER, 1987
Falsolikanella danilovae (RADOICIČ, 1975)
Pl. V, figs. 1-11, 13, 14
Remarks: This alga, frequent in the carbonate
platform deposits of the mesogean area during the
Hauterivian-Aptian interval, was for many years a
debated subject as regarding generic assignment. Its
affiliation to the genus Likanella MILANOVIC was
questioned from the very beginning. Subsequently, it
has been assigned to the genus Seliporella SARTONI
& CRESCENTI (SOKAC & VELIC, 1978) and
Praturlonella BARATTOLO (BARATTOLO, 1978).
GRANIER & TRABOLD (1995) have recently suggested
the transfer of this species to the genus Falsolikanella
GRANIER (see also GRANIER et al., this volume). The
specimens identified in Padurea Craiului sustain this
assignment. In oblic and longitudinal sections (Pl. V,
figs. 3, 6, 9-11, 14) or deep tangential sections (Pl. V,
fig. 13) we might notice that several ramnifications occur
attached in the form of a bush to a common vestibule
connected by a pore to the axial cavity. And, as a matter
of fact, this type of branch-arrangement corresponds to
the diagnosis of the genus Falsolikanella GRANIER,
1987.
Falsolikanella(?) silvaeregis (BUCUR, 1981)
Pl. III, fig. 8
1981 - Pseudoactinoporella silvaeregis n. sp. - BUCUR, p. 151,
Pl. I, figs. 1,3,6; Pl.2, figs. 1-4 (designated holotype in pl.I,
fig.1).
non 1981 - Pseudoactinoporella silvaeregis n. sp. - BUCUR, Pl.
I, figs. 2, 4, 5; Pl. II, fig. 5.
1985 - Pseudoactinoporella silvaeregis BUCUR - BUCUR, p.
83, Pl. IV, fig. 1.
1992 - Pseudoactinoporella? silvaeregis BUCUR - BUCUR, p.
450, Pl. III, figs. 1-11.
1994 - Pseudoactinoporella? silvaeregis BUCUR - BUCUR, p.
154, Pl. VIII, fig. 18.
Remarks: The assignment of this alga to the genus
Pseudoactinoporella CONRAD 1970 has been already
questioned by BUCUR (1992). GRANIER (1994) has
 LOWER CRETACEOUS DASYCLAD ALGAE FROM THE PADUREA CRAIULUI MASSIF

recently suggested, yet with question-mark, a transfer

of the alga to the genus Actinoporella (in the new
combination Actinoporella? silvaeregis). The author
specified that the assignment is provisory as the alga
might be also assigned to Falsolikanella GRANIER
1987. Unfortunately, no attention has been paid to our
observations regarding the generic assignment of the
species, where we mention that the species "probably
displays a two-order ramification. The specimen in Pl.
III, fig. 7 seemingly exibits a short globulous primary
branch (marked with arrow) splitting in two
phloiophorous branches aranged in a vertical plane"
(BUCUR, 1992, p. 451). The same specimen is
illustrated here in Pl. III, fig. 8 . If we assimilate the
globulous primary ramification to a vestibule considering
that the two large phloiophorous secondary branches
build a bush, we are able to assign the species in
discussion to the genus Falsolikanella GRANIER 1987.
However, the material we have at the moment doesn't
offer the possibility of a detailed morphological analysis.
As a consequence, the assignment of the species to the
genus Falsolikanella is doubtful and we further consider
that this alga might belong to a new genus.

Genus Milanovicella GRANIER & BERTHOU, 1994

Milanovicella pejovicae (RADOICIČ, 1975)
Pl. V, fig. 18
1969 - Clypeina pejovici sp. nov. - RADOICIČ, p. 71, Figs. 1-3.
1975 - Clypeina pejovicae orth. mut. - RADOICIČ, p. 277
(designation of a lectotype).
1978 - Likanella pejovicae RADOICIČ nov. comb. -
BASSOULLET et al., p. 145, Pl. V, figs. 1, 2.
Remarks: GRANIER & DELOFFRE (1993) assign
this alga to the genus Clypeina. But, the original figures
prove that we are dealing with an alga having double
verticiles (RADOICIČ, 1969, Fig. 1a, Figs. 2h, 2i). On
the basis of this specific feature the alga has been
assigned by BASSOULET et al. (1978) to the genus
Likanella MILANOVIC 1960. As the alga has double
verticiles and phoiophorous ramifications we should
rather assign it to the genus Milanovicella GRANIER &
BERTHOU, 1994.
Genus Neomizzia LEVY, 1966
Remarks: GRANIER & DELOFFRE (1993) consider
the genus Neomizzia LEVY 1966 as non valid, as for the
type species Neomizzia elongata LEVY, 1966 several
specimens have been assigned as "holotype". In fact,
we do not have to take into account Pl. I, fig. 1, as
mentioned by GRANIER & DELOFFRE (1993), this
figure representing a reconstruction of the alga, but Pl. I,
fig. 2, a section through the sample KS-2:466, 3 m,
sample assigned by LEVY (1966) as holotype. Aiming
to eliminate this error of nomenclature in order to
validate the species created by LEVY (1966) and also
the genus Neomizzia, we designate as lectotype of the
species N. elongata LEVY the specimen in the center of
the photography, constituted of a succession of three
articles from Pl. I, fig. 2 in LEVY (1966).
Neomizzia dacica n. sp.
Pl. III, figs.7, 11, 12, 18
Origin of the name : After the Dacians, ancient
inhabitants of the present Romanian teritorry before the
Roman conquest during the ruling of emperor Traian.
Holotype: The specimen in Pl. III, fig. 11, sample
184-Aconi, thin section 184i, N.I.1674 deposited in the
collection I.I. Bucur, Geology Department of " Babes-
Bolyai " University, Cluj-Napoca.
Figure 4 – Reconstruction of the thallus of Neomizzia dacica
n. sp. starting from the specimens illustrated in Pl.II, figs.7,
11, 12, 18.
Paratype: Specimen figured in Pl. III, fig. 12, sample
184-Aconi, thin section 184c, N.I.1668, deposited in the
same collection.
Type locality: Right slope of the Ticasului Valley,
source tributary of the Poieni Valley, about 500 m
upstream from the confluence with the Pestiselului
Valley. Coordinates: x = 4'609'360; y = 5'301'040
(Padurea Craiului, Apuseni Mountains, Romania).
Type level: Barremian Blid Formation, Coposeni
Member.
Diagnosis: Articulated thallus. Small-barrel-shaped
articles, with ellipsoidal axial cavity and phloiophorous
ramifications in an espondile arrangement.
Dimensions: H = 0.60 – 0.71 mm; D = 0.52 – 0.85
mm; d = 0.27 – 0.39 mm; l = 0.13 – 0.24 mm; p = 0.10
– 0.15 mm;
Remarks: Neomizzia dacica n. sp. has been
identified only as dissociated articles within the
sediment.The shape of these articles, including the
elliptical shape of the axial cavity, indicates their
affiliation to an alga with a thallus made up of a
succession of such articles, respectivelly to the genus
Neomizzia. A reconstruction of the alga , on the basis of
the articles figured in Pl. III, figs. 7,11,12,18 is given in
Fig. 3. N. dacica n.sp. differs from N. elongata LEVY
1966 in the shape of the articles which is much more
elongated, cylindrical, with a slight constriction in the
articulation area in the case of N. elongata. The new
species differs from N. filipescui DRAGASTAN 1978
(transferred to the new genus Bancilaporella by

59
 I.I. BUCUR
Dragastan in this volume) in the variable diameter of the
central cavity and in a clearer delimitation of the articles.
Genus Pseudoactinoporella CONRAD, 1970
emend. CONRAD & PEYBERNES, 1976
Pseudoactinoporella fragilis CONRAD, 1970
Pl. IV, figs. 1-6
1968 - Actinoporella podolica (ALTH) - BOUROULLEC &
DELOFFRE, p. 229, Pl. V, figs. 1-3, 5-11.
1970 - Pseudoactinoporella fragilis n. gen., n.sp. - CONRAD, p.
66, text-fig. 4, Pl. I, figs.1-3, Pl. II, figs. 1-3, ?4, Pl. VIII, fig. 4.
non 1970 - Pseudoactinoporella fragilis n. gen., n. sp. -
CONRAD, Pl. I, fig. 4 (=Rajkaella).
1972 - Pseudoactinoporella fragilis CONRAD - FOURCADE et
al., p. 240, Pl. III, figs. 7-9.
1976 - Pseudoactinoporella fragilis CONRAD - CONRAD &
PEYBERNES, p. 188, Figs. 12a, b, d-g.
1979 - Pseudoactinoporella fragilis CONRAD - PEYBERNES et
al., p. 182, Pl. III, fig. 7
1980 - Pseudoactinoporella fragilis CONRAD - ARNAUD-
VANNEAU, Pl. I11, figs. 1, 2.
1980 - Pseudoactinoporella fragilis CONRAD - JAFFREZO, p.
331, Pl. XII, figs. 1, 2 (Further synonymy list!)
1980-81 - Pseudoactinoporella fragilis CONRAD - BUCUR, p.
57, Pl. IV, figs. 1, 2.
1982 - Pseudoactinoporella fragilis CONRAD - BUCUR et al.,
p. 36, Pl. XI, fig. 3.
1983 - Triploporella? aff. marsicana var. adriatica SOKAC &
NIKLER - SOTAK et al., p. 334, Pl. 6, fig. 2 (pars).
1993 - PSEUDOACTINOPORELLA FRAGILIS CONRAD -
MASSE, p. 318, Pl. II, fig. 15.
1993 - Pseudoactinoporella fragilis CONRAD - SOTAK &
MISIK, p. 403, Pl. III, figs. 1-11.
1994 - Pseudoactinoporella fragilis CONRAD - BUCUR, p. 153,
Pl. VIII, figs. 9-17.
N.F.1994 - Actinoporella fragilis (CONRAD) n. comb. -
GRANIER, p. 15 (Further synonymy list!).
Remarks: The existence of the genus
Pseudoactinoporella CONRAD, 1970 has been recently
denied by GRANIER (1994). The autor suggested the
transfer of the species to the genus Actinoporella in the
new combination A. fragilis (CONRAD 1970). He follows
in fact a suggestion made by JAFFREZO (1980), who
considered the small secondary ramifications pointed
out by FOURCADE et al. (1972), ramifications which
actually led to the emendation of the genus and the
species (CONRAD & PEYBERNES, 1976), as elements
of an upper corona of Actinoporella. In my opinion, there
are two essential features accounting for the difference
between the genera Pseudoactinoporella and
Actinoporella:
1. The general shape of the Pseudoactinoporella
thallus differs from the one of Actinoporella in the
presence of a lower cylindrical part with a relatively
constant diameter and an upper part where the thallus
widens ( it flares out, the diameter of the axial cavities
being relatively constant, suggesting a club-shaped
outline ). The enlargement is mainly achieved by the
elongation of the ramifications in the upper part of the
thallus, where they also display a stronger inclination to
the axial cavity (Pl.4, figs. 2,4; see also FOURCADE et
al., 1972, Pl. III, fig. 9; CONRAD & PEYBERNES, 1976,
Fig. 12d; PEYBERNES et al. 1979, Pl. III, fig. 7; SOTAK
& MISIK, 1993, Pl. III, figs. 1, 2, 6). The general shape of
the thallus represents one of the main classification
criteria of dasyclads, from genus to subfamily level
(BASSOULLET et al., 1977). As the genus Actinoporella
has by definition a cylindrical thallus (CONRAD et al.,
1974; GRANIER, 1994), the delimitation of the two
genera is naturally established.
2. The short ramifications attached closely to the
proximal extremity of the branches, noticed by
60
FOURCADE et.al. (1972) and used as basis for the
emendation of the genus (CONRAD & PEYBERNES,
1976) , cannot be considered an upper corona in our
opinion. They are not only an upper expansion of a
vestibule, as in the case of Actinoporella, but they
represent secondary ramifications, probably having the
role of fertile ampules, as suggested by FOURCADE
et.al. (1972). This interpretation is also supported by the
spherical shape of the small ramifications attached to
the base of the large ramification by a short and narrow
peduncle (Pl. IV, figs. 3-5, arrows), a fact also noticed by
FOURCADE et.al.,1972, p. 240. Consequently, the
peduncle joining the branches and the axial cavity might
be considered a primary ramification, giving rise to two
secondary ramifications: a large, phloiophorus one,
evolved approximately on the same direction with the
primary ramification, and a small, spherical one,
developed as a small fertile ampule on the upper part of
the primary ramification and attached at its distal end by
a short and narrow peduncle.
Such a developing of ramifications reminds rather of
the genera Montiella MORELET & MORELLET, 1992
and Bakalovaella BUCUR, 1993, the general shape of
the thallus being again a morphological feature of
delimitation.
Considering this interpretation, we may wonder what
biological necessity might have required these fertile
ampules in the case of an alga with large branches
which may have housed the organs of reproduction.The
answer to this question is difficult, if not impossible. But,
we can indicate at least three examples of dasyclads
having far smaller fertile ampules than the primary or
secondary ramifications: Cymopolia eochoristosporica
ELLIOTT, 1968; Iodotella koradae (DIENI & MASSARI,
1983) PARENTE, 1997 and Iodotella deloffrei
(TRAGELEHN, BUCUR & SYLVESTER, 1995 nom.
nud.) (as Neomeris (Larvaria) deloffrei in TRAGELEHN
et al., 1995).
On the basis of the above mentioned remarks, we
consider the genus Pseudoactinoporella a distinct
taxonomic entity.
Genus Similiclypeina BUCUR, 1993
Similiclypeina conradi BUCUR, 1993
Pl. IV, figs. 9-14, 16, 17
Remarks: Initially described from the Barremian
deposits of the Resita - Moldova Noua zone (Southern
Carpathians) (BUCUR, 1993), this alga has been
recovered in the Blid Formation (Coposeni Member)
from Padurea Craiului in many relatively well preserved
specimens.
Similiclypeina paucicalcarea (CONRAD 1970)
nov. comb.
Pl. IV, fig. 7
1970 - Heteroporella? paucicalcarea n. sp. - CONRAD, p. 68,
text-fig. 5, Pl. III, IV.
1973 - Heteroporella? paucicalcarea CONRAD - JAFFREZO, p.
80, Pl. III, figs. 9-11, 16.
1976 - Heteroporella? paucicalcarea CONRAD - CONRAD &
PEYBERNES, p. 185, Fig. 10a, b, Fig. 13a.
1976 - Heteroporella? paucicalcarea CONRAD - MASSE, p.
127, Pl. IV, fig. 7.
1976 - Heteroporella? paucicalcarea CONRAD - PEYBERNES,
Pl.XXIV, figs. 14-16.
1980 - Heteroporella(?) paucicalcarea CONRAD - ARNAUD-
VANNEAU, Pl. II1, figs. 3-5.
1980 - Heteroporella paucicalcarea CONRAD - JAFFREZO, p.
252, Pl. XIX, figs. 1-4.
1993 - Heteroporella(?) paucicalcarea CONRAD - BUCUR et
al., p. 38, Pl. II, fig. 4.
 LOWER CRETACEOUS DASYCLAD ALGAE FROM THE PADUREA CRAIULUI MASSIF
1993 - Heteroporella? paucicalcarea CONRAD - MASSE, p.
316, Pl. II, fig. 1.
1994 - Heteroporella? paucicalcarea CONRAD - BUCUR, p.
152, Pl. VI, fig. 13.
Remarks: This alga has been tentatively assigned to
the genus Heteroporella, yet it does not correspond
either to the diagnosis of the genus Heteroporella
PRATURLON, 1966 amend. OTT, 1968 or to the
diagnosis presented by GRANIER et.al.(1994), the latter
authors considering the genus as monospecific,
restricted to the type species, Heteroporella lepina
PRATURLAN, 1966. The presence of sterile primary
ramifications, signaled by CONRAD (1970), is
disputable in our opinion . However, their presence is
not further mentioned by CONRAD & PEYBERNES
(1976), where the authors present only data on some
fertile ampules (fertile blisters).
We consider that the alga exhibits only one type of
primary ramifications, joint in their proximal part and,
usually, free in the distal part, with successive verticiles
touching each other. Or, all these features correspond to
the diagnosis of the genus Similiclypeina BUCUR 1993.
Consequently, we suggest the transfer of the species
under discussion to this genus.
CONCLUSIONS
The dasyclad algae assemblage from the Lower
Cretaceous deposits of the Padurea Craiului Mountains,
comprises species found mainly in the Coposeni
Member of the Blid Limestone Formation (= “Lower
Pachyodont Limestone”). Several species have also
been identified in the Dobreşti limestone Member of the
same Formation (“Characean- and Gastropod- bearing
Limestones”), Valea Măgurii Formation and Vârciorog
Formation (“Middle Pachyodont Limestone” and “Upper
Pachyodont Limestone”) . We present several remarks
on the species with uncertain sytematic position as well
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as on some poorly known species. Thus,
Pseudoepimastopora cretacea DRAGASTAN, 1967 has
been tentatively transferred to the genus Anisoporella
BOTTERON, 1961. Likarella? danilovae RADOICIČ,
1975 has been assigned to the genus Falsolikanella
GRANIER, 1987, following GRANIER's suggestion
(1995) and in agreement with GRANIER et al. (this
volume). We also transfer, for the time being,
Pseudoactinoporella silvaeregis BUCUR, 1981 to the
same genus. Further, we consider the genus
Pseudoactinoporella CONRAD, 1970 as valid.
Heteroporella? paucicalcarea CONRAD, 1970 is
transfered to the genus Similiclypeina BUCUR, 1993.
We describe a new species of the genus Neomizzia
LEVY, 1966, Neomizzia dacica n.sp., the genus being
validated by the designation of a lectotype of the type
species Neomizzia elongata LEVY, 1966.
Acknowledgements
th
This paper was presented at the 6 International
Symposium on Fossil Algae (Ankara, September 1995)
and was supposed to be published in the symposium
volume. As five years have passed and there is no sign
that the symposium volume is going to be issued, I have
updated the information in the paper and have decided
to publish it in the present volume.
Special thanks are due to the Alexander von
Humboldt Foundation (Bonn) and to Professor Erik
Flügel (Erlangen) for the financial support and for the
technical facilities respectively, offered during the
preparation of the present study. Part of the work was
also supported from the CNCSIS grants 21/85/1998 and
84 BM
Professor Ovidiu Dragastan read a first version of
the manuscript and made some valuable remarks.
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20 Jahre Geol. zusammen Arbeit Şsterreich-Ungarn, 2,
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 LOWER CRETACEOUS DASYCLAD ALGAE FROM THE PADUREA CRAIULUI MASSIF

PLATES

Plate I

Figs.1-3 - Salpingoporella annulata CAROZZI. 1 - longutudinal-tangential section, sample 3688, x 85; 2 –

longitudinal-oblique section, sample 3732, x 40; 3 - transverse section, sample 3726, x 45.
Figs. 4-6 - Salpingoporella katzeri CONRAD & RADOICIČ. 4 - longitudinal-oblique section, sample 3733, x 68; 5 -
oblique section, sample 3688, x 85; 6 - longitudinal section, sample 3726, x 40.
Figs. 7, 8 - Salpingoporella melitae RADOICIČ. 7 - oblique-tangential section, sample 364 Beftia, x 45; 8 -
longitudinal-oblique section, sample 171c Vârciorog, x 45.
Figs. 9 -11 - Salpingoporella muehlbergii (LORENZ). 9 - longitudinal section, sample 3779, x 33; 10, 11 - oblique
sections, sample 3782; 10 x 40; 11 x 50.
Figs. 12, 13 - Salpingoporella genevensis (CONRAD). Transverse-oblique sections, sample 3800, x 33.
Figs. 14, 15 - Salpingoporella sp. 14 - longitudinal-oblique section, sample 3781, x 40; 15 - transverse section,
sample 3783, x 35.
Figs. 16, 21 - Salpingoporella cf. piriniae CARRAS & RADOICIČ. Longitudinal-oblique sections; 16 – sample 3781,
x40; 21 - sample 171a Vârciorog, x 45.
Figs. 17, 22 - Salpingoporella cf. biokovensis SOKAC & VELIC. 17 - oblique section, sample 3783, x 45; 22 -
transverse section, sample 3780, x 50.
Figs. 18-20 - Salpingoporella exilis (DRAGASTAN). Transverse-oblique sections. 18 - sample 3781, x 40; 19 -
sample 3783, x 50; 20 - sample 3780, x 45.

Plate II

Figs. 1-10 - Salpingoporella patruliusi BUCUR. 1 – longitudinal-oblique section, sample 3871, x 25; 2, 3 -
longitudinal-tangential sections (2, sample 3777, x 15; 3, sample 3782, x 25); 4-8 - transverse and transverse-
oblique sections (4, sample 3779, x 30; 5, sample 3783, x 33; 6, sample 3769, x 40; 7, sample 3781, x 25; 8,
sample 3781, x 30); 9, 10 - longitudinal-oblique sections (9, sample 3773, x 30; 10, sample 3781, x 20).
Fig. 11 - Bakalovaella elitzae (BAKALOVA). Oblique section, sample 182 b Vârciorog, x 45.
Figs.12, 20 - Cylindroporella? elliptica BAKALOVA. Oblique sections. 12 - sample 144; 20 - sample 3164, x 45.
Figs. 13, 16 - Cylindroporella cf. barnesii JOHNSON. 13 - oblique section, sample 3781, x 50; 16 - longitudinal-
tangential section, sample 3782, x 30.
Figs. 14, 19 - Cylindroporella cf. lyrata MASSE & LUPERTO SINNI. 14 - transverse-oblique section; 19 - transverse
section, sample 3185A, x 40.
Figs. 15, 18, 21 - Cylindroporella cf. pedunculata (JAFFREZO, POISSON & AKBULUT). 15, 18 - oblique sections
(15, sample 3757, x 40; 18, sample 3783, x 30); 21 - oblique-tangential section, sample 3780, x 50.
Fig. 17 - Terquemella sp., sample 274 Aconi, x 50.

Plate III

Figs. 1- 6 – Anisoporella? cretacea (DRAGASTAN). 1 - longitudinal-oblique section, sample 3079, x 15; 2, 3 -

oblique-tangential sections (2, sample 57 Hiller, x 25; 3, sample 3079, x 40; 4, 6 - fragments in longitudinal section
(4, sample 3079, x 45; 6, sample 3079, x 40); 5 - fragment in tangential section, sample 3079, x 45.
Figs. 7, 11, 12, 18 - Neomizzia dacica n. sp. Longitudinal and longitudinal oblique sections, sample 184 Aconi, x 45.
Figs. 8, 19 - Falsolikanella? silvaeregis (BUCUR). 8 - longitudinal section, sample 7 Aconi, x 30; 9 - transverse-
oblique section, sample 184 Aconi, x 45.
Fig.9 - Acroporella radoicicae (PRATURLON). Longitudinal-oblique section, sample 7 Aconi, x 45.
Fig. 10 - Neomeris cretacea STEINMANN. Transverse section, sample 3163, x 25.
Fig. 13 - Neomeris sp. Transverse-oblique section, sample 3781, x 20.
Figs. 14, 15, 20 - Actinoporella sp. 14, 15 - oblique sections; 20 - transverse section, sample 355, x 45.
Fig. 16 - Clypeina? maslovi PRATURLON. Transverse-oblique section, sample 7 Aconi, x 40.
Figs. 17, 21 - Clypeina marteli EMBERGER. 17 - oblique section; 2& - longitudinal-tangential section, sample 3267,
x 30.

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 I.I. BUCUR

Plate IV

Figs. 1-6 - Pseudoactinoporella fragilis CONRAD. 1 - Transverse-oblique section through the expanding part of the
thallus, sample 206/93 Cociuba, x 15; 2 - longitudinal oblique section; specimen from the Reşiţa-Moldova Nouă
zone showing the enlaeged upper part of the thallus, sample 3955, x 12; 3, 4 - enlargements of the lower part of
the specimen in Fig.2 showing the small ampullae (arrows), x 60; 5 - enlargement of the specimen in Fig. 6
showing the thin peduncle of the fertil ampulae (arrow), x 60; 6 - longitudinal-oblique section of a speciman from
the Reşiţa-Moldova Nouă zone showing the bigining of the enlarged upper part of the thallus. Sample 3879, x 18.
Fig. 7 - Similiclypeina paucicalcarea (CONRAD). Oblique section, sample 291 Aconi, x 30.
Figs.9-14, 16, 17 - Similiclypeina conradi BUCUR. 9, 12 - Fragments in longitudinal section (9, sample 3781, x 30;
12, sample 3782, x 30); 10 - tangential section, sample 3780, x 30; 11, 17 - oblique-tangential sections (11, sample
37??, x ?; 17, sample 3783, x 30); 13, 14, 16 - transverse sections (13, sample 3781, x 30; 14, sample 3780, x 20;
16, sample 3757, x 20).
Figs. 15, 19 - Similiclypeina cf. somalica (CONRAD, PEYBERNES & MASSE). Longitudinal-oblique sections. 15 -
sample 3758, x 40; 19 - sample 3757, x 35.
Fig. 18 - Disocladella? sp. - transverse-oblique section, sample 355 Aconi, x 40

Plate V

Figs. 1-11, 13, 14 - Falsolikanella danilovae (RADOICIČ). 1, 4 - Transverse-oblique sections (1, sample 3757, x 20;
4, sample 3783, x 20); 2, 5, 6 - transverse sections (2, sample 3781, x 20; 5, sample 3773, x 15; 6, sample 3783, x
20); 3, 7, 9 - logitudinal-oblique sections (3, sample 3757, x 15; 7, sample 3757, x 30; 9, sample 3782, x 20); 8, 13
- longitudinal-tangential sections (8, sample 3757, x 20; 13, sample 3781, x20); 10, 11, 14 - fragments in
longitudinal section (10, sample 3782, x 25; 11, sample 184 Aconi, x 45; 14, sample 3757, x 13).
Fig. 12 - Praturlonella nerae (DRAGASTAN, BUCUR & DEMETER). Longitudinal section, sample 3732, x 55.
Fig. 15 - Milanovicella? sp. Oblique section, sample 3781, x 35.
Fig. 16 - Milanovicella? sp. Longitudinal section, sample 3780, x 30.
Fig. 17 - Milanovicella? sp. Longitudinal-tangential section, sample 3782, x 40.
Fig. 18 - Milanovicella pejovicae (RADOICIČ). Transverse and longitudinal-tangential sections, sample 3800, x 25.

Plate VI

Figs. 1-6 – Saklpingoporella annulata CAROZZI. 1 – Microfacies with Salpingoporella annulata, sample 3688, x 16; 2
– longitudinal-tangential section (enlargement of the specimen in fig.1), sample 3688, x 60; 3 – specimen
illustrated by Jaffrezo (1973, pl.1, fig.11), x 45; 4 – specimen illustrated by Sartoni & Crescenti (1962, Pl.XLIV,
fig.4), x 40; 5 – transverse sections, sample 3728, x 26; 6 – specimens illustrated by Carozzi (1953, figs.3-6), x 45.
Fig. 7 – Atopocara trivolvis PECK. Specimen illustrated by Dragastan et al. (1966, Pl.1, fig.1), x 60.
Figs.8-10, 13 – Salpingoporella katzeri CONRAD & RADOICIČ. 8 – oblique section, sample 5744, x 58; 9 – oblique
section, sample 3726, x 58; 10 – transverse section, sample 5744, x 58.
Figs.11, 12, 15, 16 – Clypeina parasolkani FARINACCI & RADOICIČ. 11 – Transverse-oblique section, sample
5744, x 58; 12 – transverse-oblique section, sample 3726, x 55; 15 – oblique section, sample 3726, x 58; 16 –
transverse-oblique section, sample 3733, x 55.
Fig.14 – Salpingoporella cf. Hispanica CONRAD & GRABNER. Sample 5744, x 45.
Figs. 17, 18 – Montsalevia / Vercorsella sp. (Pseudotextulariella n. sp. In BUCUR, 1988, Pl.I, figs.7-10).
Figs.19-22, 26-28 – Montsalevia salevensis CHAROLLAIS, BROENNIMANN & ZANINETTI. 19 – longitudinal-
tangential section, sample 3689, x 100; 20 – transverse-oblique section, sample 6689, x 100; 21, 22, 26-28 –
illustrations in Charollais et al., 1966, text-fig. pag.31 (figs.26, 27 in this paper) and pl.1, figs 1, 2 and 4 (figs. 28, 21
and 22 respectively in this paper), all figs. X 100.
Figs.23, 24, 29-31 – Haplophragmoides joukowskyi CHAROLLAIS, BROENNIMANN & ZANINETTI. 23 – Axial
section, sample 3689, x 100; 24 – equatorial section, sample A12-Hiller, x 100; 29-31 – illustrations in Charollais et
al., 1966, pl.2, figs. 1, 5 and 7 (figs. 29, 30 and 31 respectively in this paper), all figs. X 100.
Fig.25 – Meandrospira favrei (CHAROLLAIS, BEOENNIMANN & ZANINETTI), sample 3732, x 100.

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