Theory of Structures Indeterminate Structures: Method of Consistent Deformation

Analysis of Indeterminate Trusses

Procedure for Analysis
1. Determine the degree of indeterminacy.
2. The redundant is the support reactions and/or the forces in bars.
No. of Redundant forces = Degree of Indeterminacy
3. Follow similar steps that used for beams and frames but use the following compatibility equations.
if there is two redundant:
∆10 + 𝛿11 𝑥1 + 𝛿12 𝑥2 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
∆20 + 𝛿21 𝑥1 + 𝛿22 𝑥2 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
Where:
𝑆𝑢1 𝐿 𝑆𝑢2 𝐿
∆10 = ∑ + ∑ 𝑢1 𝛼𝐿∆𝑡 + ∑ 𝑢1 ∆𝐿𝑓𝑎𝑏. , ∆20 = ∑ + ∑ 𝑢2 𝛼𝐿∆𝑡 + ∑ 𝑢2 ∆𝐿𝑓𝑎𝑏.
𝐸𝐴 𝐸𝐴
𝑢12 𝐿 𝑢22 𝐿 𝑢1 𝑢2 𝐿
𝛿11 = ∑ , 𝛿22 = ∑ , 𝛿21 = 𝛿12 = ∑
𝐸𝐴 𝐸𝐴 𝐸𝐴
Example: Analyze the truss shown below by the method of Consistent Deformation. EA is constant.
Solution:
40kN 40kN 1kN

A B 26.7kN A B 4/3kN A B
C C C
6m

6m

6m

D D D

E E E
26.7kN 4/3kN
4m 4m 4m 4m 4m 4m

40kN 1kN
Actual Truss Primary Truss S u1

The truss is indeterminate to the first degree

So, there is one redundant.
It can be solved by removing the reaction at C.
∆10 + 𝛿11 𝑥1 = 0 𝐸𝑞. (1)
Member L S u1 Su1L u12 L
AB 4 0 4/3 0 7.11 𝑆𝐿𝑢1 278.3 𝐿𝑢12 42.0
∆10 = ∑ = , 𝛿11 = ∑ =
BC 4 0 4/3 0 7.11 𝐸𝐴 𝐸𝐴 𝐸𝐴 𝐸𝐴
AD 5 33.4 0 0 0 Substituting in Eq. (1)
BD 3 -40 0 0 0
278.3 42.0
CD 5 0 -5/3 0 13.89 + 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥1 = −6.63
𝐸𝐴 𝐸𝐴 1
AE 6 -20 0 0 0
ED 5 -33.4 -5/3 278.3 13.89 ↑
 278.3 42.0
Dr. Nibras Nizar, Dr.Hanadi Fadhel 8
 Theory of Structures Indeterminate Structures: Method of Consistent Deformation

The remaining reactions can be found by applying the equilibrium equations

Fy=0  Ey= 33.37 𝑘𝑁 ↑

MA=0 6.63 ∗ 8 − 40 ∗ 4 + 𝐸𝑥 ∗ 6 = 0
Ex=17.83𝑘𝑁 ←

Fx=0  Ax=17.83𝑘𝑁 →

Example: Analyze the truss shown below. =12x10-6, EA=1x105kN. C D E

Members AB, BE increase in Temp. by 40oC.

Member BC is 1.0 cm too short.
Support E settles vertically 1.0cm.

4m
Solution:
The Truss is indeterminate to the second degree A
B
3m 3m
So, there is two redundant.
80kN
The vertical reaction at E (Ey) and force in bar CB are selected as the redundant. Actual Truss

C D E 60kN C D E 1.5kN C D E 0

N
1k
1kN
4m

4m

4m

N
1k
60kN A 1.5kN A 0 A
B B B
3m 3m 3m 3m 3m 3m

80kN
80kN 1kN 0
Primary Truss S u1 u2

Bar L S u1 u2 Su1L Su2L u12 L u12 L u1u2 L F=S+u1x1+u2x2

AB 3 0 -3/4 -3/5 0 0 1.69 1.08 1.35 -127.92
CD 3 0 0 -3/5 0 0 0 1.08 0 -81.42
DE 3 -60 -3/4 0 135 0 1.69 0 0 -106.5
AC 4 0 0 -4/5 0 0 0 2.56 0 -108.56
BD 4 +80 +1 -4/5 320 -256 4 2.56 -3.2 33.44
AD 5 -100 -5/4 +1 625 -500 7.81 5 -6.25 -41.8
BC 5 0 0 +1 0 0 0 5 0 135.7
EB 5 0 -5/4 0 0 0 7.81 0 0 -77.5
After computing
 1080 -756 23 17.28 -8.1 x1 &x2 values
∆10 + 𝛿11 𝑥1 + 𝛿12 𝑥2 = 0.01 (1)
∆20 + 𝛿21 𝑥1 + 𝛿22 𝑥2 = 0 (2)
𝑆𝑢1 𝐿
∆10 = ∑ + ∑ 𝑢1 𝐿𝛼∆𝑡 + ∑ 𝑢1 ∆𝐿𝑓𝑎𝑏.
𝐸𝐴

1080 3 5
= + (− ∗ 3 ± ∗ 5) ∗ 12 ∗ 10−6 ∗ 40 + 0 = 0.00672𝑚
1 ∗ 105 4 4
Dr. Nibras Nizar, Dr.Hanadi Fadhel 9
 Theory of Structures Indeterminate Structures: Method of Consistent Deformation

𝑆𝑢2 𝐿
∆20 = ∑ + ∑ 𝑢2 𝐿𝛼∆𝑡 + ∑ 𝑢2 ∆𝐿𝑓𝑎𝑏.
𝐸𝐴

−756 3
= 5
+ (− ∗ 3 + 0) ∗ 12 ∗ 10−6 ∗ 40 + 1 ∗ −0.01 = −0.01842𝑚
1 ∗ 10 5

𝑢12 𝐿 23 𝑢22 𝐿 17.28 𝑢1 𝑢2 𝐿 −8.1

𝛿11 =∑ = 𝛿22 =∑ = 𝛿21 = 𝛿12 = ∑ =
𝐸𝐴 1 ∗ 105 𝐸𝐴 1 ∗ 105 𝐸𝐴 1 ∗ 105

Substituting in Eq’s. (1) and (2)

23 8.1
0.00672 + 𝑥 −
5 1
𝑥2 = 0.01 → −328 + 23𝑥1 − 8.1𝑥2 = 0 (1)
10 105
8.1 17.28
−0.01842 − 5
𝑥1 + 𝑥2 = 0 → −1842 − 8.1𝑥1 + 17.28𝑥2 = 0 (2)
10 105
By solving Eq’s. (1) & (2) :
𝑥1 = 62 𝑘𝑁, 𝑥2 = 135.7𝑘𝑁
𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑏𝑎𝑟 = 𝐹 = 𝑆 + 𝑢1 𝑥1 + 𝑢2 𝑥2

Dr. Nibras Nizar, Dr.Hanadi Fadhel 10