GM Family II engine

The Family II is a straight-4 piston engine that was originally developed by Opel in the 1970s, debuting in 1979.
Available in a wide range of cubic capacities ranging from 1598 to 2405cc, it simultaneously replaced the Opel Family II engine
OHV, Opel CIH and Vauxhall Slant-4 engines, and was GM Europe's core powerplant design for much of the Overview
1980s. Manufacturer General Motors
The engine features a cast iron block, an aluminium head, and a timing belt driven valvetrain. The timing belt also Also called D-TEC
drives the water pump. It was first used in the Opel Kadett D, Ascona B, Corsa, and their corresponding Vauxhall
Flex-Power
sister models, the Astra, Cavalier, and Nova. Many General Motors subsidiaries, including Daewoo, GM do
Brasil, GM Powertrain, and Holden have used this design. MultiPower
Big-block
By 1986, the Family II unit had completely supplanted the CIH engine as Opel's core 4-cylinder powerplant.
although the 6-cylinder versions of the CIH continued in the larger Omega and Senator models until 1995. Camtech
Production 1980–1999
In 2004, a 2.0 L MultiPower engine was made available for the taxi market which could use gasoline, alcohol,
(Opel)[1]
and natural gas.
1981–2009
The Family II also spawned two diesel variants, the 1.6 L and 1.7 L. These engines are sometimes referred to as (Holden)[2]
"Big-block" engines by enthusiasts; in contrast to the smaller Family 1 engines which are sometimes referred to as 1981–2016 (GM
the "Small-block" engines.
do Brasil)[3]
The development track of these engines split in 1987, with the introduction of the 20XE; which featured a 16- Layout
valve DOHC head. Although SOHC versions stayed in production in Brazil, most DOHC engines were replaced
Configuration Straight-4
by the all-aluminium GM Ecotec engine family.
Block Cast iron
Holden made various Family II engines for Opel, GM Daewoo, GM India, GM Uzbekistan and Isuzu Thailand at material
its Port Melbourne plant. Variations include displacements from 1.8 L to 2.4 L.
Head material Aluminium
Valvetrain SOHC 2 valves x

Contents cyl.
DOHC 4 valves x
SOHC cyl.
1.6
Combustion
1.7
1.8 Oil system Wet sump
2.0 Cooling Water-cooled
2.2 system
2.4 Chronology
DOHC Predecessor Opel CIH engine
Coscast Holden Starfire
Porosity issues
engine
Motorsport
Successor GM Ecotec engine
Ecotec branded models (in association with Lotus)
1.8 (2.0 – 2.4 L)
2.0 Family 1 engine
2.2 (1.6 – 1.8 L)
2.4
See also
References

SOHC
These engines formed the basis of the modern Family II lineup. Configuration was limited to a single over SOHC
head cam, and two valves per cylinder in a cross flow layout (8 valves total). The 20NE served as the
base, where later Family II engines evolved.

1.6

The 1.6-liter iteration (1,598 cc or 97.5 cu in) has an 80.0 mm (3.15 in) bore and a 79.5 mm (3.13 in)
stroke. Opel began production of the 1.6 L in 1980.[4] A diesel fueled version was also available. The
diesel produced 54 PS (40 kW) at 4600 rpm and 70.8 lb⋅ft (96.0 N⋅m) of torque at 2400 rpm. It also had a
23:1 compression ratio and a Bosch injection pump.[5] The diesel featured valves that rotate, increasing
durability.[6]

Overview
 Manufacturer General Motors
Also called 8-valve
Production 1980–2005
Layout
Displacement 1,598 cc (97.5 cu in)
1,679 cc (102.5 cu in)
1,796 cc (109.6 cu in)
1,998 cc (121.9 cu in)
2,198 cc (134.1 cu in)
2,405 cc (146.8 cu in)
Cylinder bore 80.0 mm (3.15 in)
82.0 mm (3.23 in)
84.8 mm (3.34 in)
86 mm (3.4 in)
87.5 mm (3.44 in)

Piston stroke 79.5 mm (3.13 in)

86 mm (3.4 in)
100 mm (3.9 in)
Valvetrain Single overhead cam
Compression 8.0:1
ratio 9.2:1
9.5:1
10.0:1
Combustion
Fuel system Throttle-body fuel
injection
Multi-point fuel injection
Fuel type Diesel
Gasoline
Ethanol

Engine
Engine Power Torque Compression Ratio Fuel Delivery Applications
Management

1982–1984
Holden
Camira (JB)
1984–1985
72 hp (53 kW ) at 5200 rpm Holden
12.6 kgfm (124 Nm) at carburetor single barrel
with Ethanol Camira (JD)
2600 rpm with ethanol
8:1 with Gasoline Weber 190 or 1987–1991
73 hp (54 kW) at 5400 Nissan
16LF 12.3 kgfm (121 Nm) at
rpm 12:1 with Ethanol Pulsar (N13)
3000 rpm with brosol h 35 alfa1 (Australia)
Gasoline Ethanol/Gasoline 1987–1989
with Gasoline
Holden Astra
(LD)
1982-1986
GM Monza
(BR)

Opel Kadett
D
66 kW (90 PS; 89 hp) at 126 N⋅m (93 lb⋅ft) at 3800– Opel Ascona
16SH GM Varajett II
5800 rpm 4200 rpm C
Opel Kadett
E

1982–1988
40 kW (54 PS; 54 hp) at 96 N⋅m (71 lb⋅ft) at 2400 Opel Ascona
16D Bosch VE
4600 rpm rpm 1982–1989
Opel Kadett

1992–1995
Vauxhall
55 kW (75 PS; 74 hp) at 127 N⋅m (94 lb⋅ft) at 2600 Cavalier
C16NZ/NZ2 9.2:1 Throttle-body fuel injection
5200 rpm rpm
1992–1995
Opel Vectra

1.7
The 1.7-liter iteration (1,700 cc or 103.7 cu in) has an 82.0 mm (3.23 in) bore and a 79.5 mm (3.13 in) stroke. The 1.7 L version uses diesel fuel.

Engine Power Torque Compression Ratio Fuel Delivery Engine Management Applications

1988–1991 Opel Kadett

17D 42 kW (57 PS; 56 hp) 105 N⋅m (77 lb⋅ft) at 2400 rpm 23:1 Bosch injection pump 1991 Opel Astra
1988–1991 Opel Vectra

1988–1991 Opel Kadett

17DR 44 kW (60 PS; 59 hp) 105 N⋅m (77 lb⋅ft) at 2650 rpm 23:1 Lucas injection pump 1992–1998 Opel Astra
1992–1995 Opel Vectra

X17DTL 61 kW (83 PS; 82 hp) 132 N⋅m (97 lb⋅ft) at 2400 rpm 22:1 1994-2000 Opel Astra

1.8

The 1.8-liter iteration (1,796 cc or 109.6 cu in) has an 84.8 mm (3.34 in) bore and a 79.5 mm (3.13 in) stroke. It was first available in the facelifted Opel
Manta B in May 1982, and quickly made its way into a number of other Opel and GM cars. It was originally available as the 18N and the 18S, for low
and high octane petrol respectively. The C18NV was first installed in the Opel Rekord E2 from May 1985 and was one of the first catalysed mass market
automobiles sold in Germany (and Europe). In 1983, the 1.8 L engine was added to certain North American market J-cars; the engines were imported from
Brazil.[7] The LA5 (RPO code) is a turbocharged version that was optional in the North American market from 1984.

Compression Engine
Engine Power Torque Fuel Delivery Applications
Ratio Management

85 kW (115 PS) at 5800 151 N⋅m (111 lb⋅ft) at 4800 1982–1986 Opel Ascona

18E LE2 Jetronic
rpm rpm Opel Kadett D

1984–1987 Holden Camira

(JD)
1987.07-1991 Nissan Pulsar
C18LE 70KW (95HP) Multipoint fuel injection (N13) (Australia)
1987.07–1989.07 Holden
Astra (LD)
1990–1998 Daewoo Espero

62 kW (84 PS) at 5400 143 N⋅m (105 lb⋅ft) at 2600 1989-1988 Opel Ascona

18N Pierburg 2E3
rpm rpm Opel Rekord E2

Opel Manta B
66 kW (90 PS) at 5400 143 N⋅m (105 lb⋅ft) at 3000– Opel Rekord E
E18NV Pierburg 2EE
rpm 3400 rpm Opel Ascona C3
Opel Vectra A (1988-1989)

74 kW (100 PS) at 5800 1985.05–1986.08 Opel

C18NV Fuel injection
rpm Rekord E2
Monopoint fuel injection
66 kW (90 PS; 89 hp) at 145 N⋅m (107 lb⋅ft) at 3000 1992–1995 Vauxhall Cavalier
C18NZ 9.2:1
5400 rpm rpm (Multec) 1992–1995 Opel Vectra

1982–1986 Pontiac Sunbird

1982–1986 Buick Skyhawk
LH8 63 kW (84 hp) Throttle-body fuel injection
1982–1986 Oldsmobile
Firenza

1984–1986 Pontiac Sunbird

LA5 112 kW (150 hp) Multi-port fuel injection
1984–1986 Buick Skyhawk

[8]

2.0

The single overhead camshaft 1,998 cc (121.9 cu in) inline four cylinder engines feature a square 86 mm (3.4 in) bore and stroke. They also feature fuel
injection, an aluminum crossflow cylinder head with a belt-driven overhead camshaft, electronic ignition, a six-bolt flywheel, and a 6,400 rpm redline.
Originally, developed by Opel, these engines have been used in Brazilian market vehicles, Korean market vehicles and North American market vehicles;
with the first versions appearing in 1981.[1] The North American versions were used primarily in the J-body compact cars from 1983 through 1994
although the turbocharged version did make a brief appearance in the N-body Pontiac Grand Am. The SOHC version also appeared in the Opel Kadett E-
based, Daewoo produced, Pontiac LeMans for the US market. In the Brazilian market these engines are still built under the FlexPower name. Differences
between the engines are usually emissions related. However, the 20SEH version was more powerful version produced for Opel's sportier models; it
featured a more aggressive camshaft, and high compression pistons.

The LT3 (RPO code) or C20GET is a turbocharged version produced in Brazil for the North American market.[7] It featured brilliant red powder coating
on the camshaft cover, intake manifold and boost pipe. The engine was equipped with a water-cooled Garrett T-25 turbocharger; however it did not utilize
an intercooler. Maximum boost at WOT was 9 psi (62 kPa).[9]
 Compression Fuel Engine
Engine Power Torque Applications
Ratio Delivery Management

1987–1989 Holden
20LE
Camira (JE)

1987– Opel Kadett

1987– Opel Omega
175 N⋅m
115 PS (85 kW) at Motronic ML 1987–1991
20NE (129 lb⋅ft) at 9.2:1
5200 rpm 4.1 Vauxhall Cavalier
2600 rpm
Opel Calibra LT3 in a 1990 Sunbird GT
Opel Ascona C

175 N⋅m 1987– Opel Omega

122 PS (90 kW) at Motronic ML
20SE (129 lb⋅ft) at 10.0:1 Holden
5400 rpm 4.1
2600 rpm Commodore (VN)

Opel Astra
Opel Ascona C GT
Motronic ML
180 N⋅m 4.1 Opel Kadett E GSi
127–130 PS (93–
20SEH (130 lb⋅ft) at 10.0:1 Opel Vectra A GT
96 kW) at 5600 rpm Motronic
4600 rpm
1.5.4 1988–1992
Vauxhall Cavalier
SRi

Opel Astra
Motronic Opel Vectra
170 N⋅m M1.5
115 PS (85 kW) at 1991–1994
C20NE (130 lb⋅ft) at 9.2:1
5200 rpm Motronic Vauxhall Cavalier
2600 rpm
M1.5.2[10] Opel Calibra
Opel Frontera A

1987–1988 Buick
Skyhawk
1987–1988
Oldsmobile Firenza
Throttle 1988–1990
160 N⋅m
LT2 96 hp (72 kW) body fuel Passport Optima
(118 lb⋅ft)
injection 1989–1990 Pontiac
LeMans GSE
Hatchback
1987–1991 Pontiac
2000/Sunbird

167 N⋅m Multi-Port
110 hp (82 kW) at 1992–1994 Pontiac
LE4 (123 lb⋅ft) at Fuel
5200 rpm Sunbird
3600 rpm Injection

1987–1990 Pontiac
Sunbird
175 lb⋅ft Multi-Port
165 hp (123 kW) at 1987–1989 Pontiac
LT3[9] (237 N⋅m) at 8.0:1 Fuel
5600 rpm Grand Am SE
4000 rpm Injection
1987 Buick
Skyhawk T-Type

2.2

The 2.2 L or 2,198 cc (134.1 cu in) version has an 86mm (3.38 in) bore and a 94.6mm (3.7 in) stroke. It is codenamed C22NE and 22LE.

It was mainly used in the Brazilian market, in the Opel Omega A (Chevrolet Omega in Brazil) with 116 hp and the Opel Vectra B (Chevrolet Vectra in
Brazil) with 123 hp. This engine replaced the 2.0 8v C20NE (116 hp) version that was considered weak when fitted to cars like Omega and Vectra, by the
Brazilian market.

Applications:

Isuzu Faster
FS Lublin, modified C22NED engine

2.4

The 2,405 cc (146.8 cu in) version has an 87.5 mm (3.44 in) bore and a 100 mm (3.9 in) stroke.

C24SE – 2.4 L SOHC – Isuzu Rodeo (C24SE built by Holden)

X24XF— 2.4 L MPFI SOHC 8V FlexPower

DOHC
DOHC
Overview
The naturally aspirated 16-valve version of the 2.0  L— 1,998  cc (121.9  cu  in)—cast-iron-block engine is the Manufacturer General Motors
successor to the OHC-engines and a predecessor to the 16-valve Ecotec-line of engines. The 20XE (or C20XE
Also called TWIN-TEC
with catalyst) evolved into the X20XEV(1994) with 136 hp (101 kW) and taking on the GM Ecotec name and
finally it evolved into the X20XER(1999). Production 1987–2014
Layout

Coscast Displacement 1,799 cc

(109.8 cu in)
This lineup features the same block as the OHC based engines with an 86  mm (3.4  in) bore & stroke and a 1,998 cc
Cosworth-developed timing belt-driven double overhead camshaft (DOHC) 16 valve cylinder head (Cosworth (121.9 cu in)
Project KB). The cylinder heads were cast and assembled by either Cosworth or, as demand increased,
Kolbenschmidt. In general, the heads from this lineup are supposed to flow appreciablу better than their Lotus 2,198 cc
successors. (134.1 cu in)
2,405 cc
The 20XE came into production in 1987. The engine was designed by Cosworth, UK. The engine was originally (146.8 cu in)
intended for race application, hence Cosworth's involvement.[11] Commonly refer to this engine as the 'Red Top'
(or just 'XE') because of the appearance of the red L-shaped spark plug cover (black colours were available too; Cylinder bore 81.6 mm (3.21 in)
the rocker cover was available in silver only).[12] At the time of its launch, this engine was something of a 86 mm (3.4 in)
milestone unit in Europe and was widely used in motorsport in many specialist race versions.
87.5 mm (3.44 in)
The engine had a low optimum specific fuel consumption of 232 g/kWh which is equivalent to a maximum Piston stroke 86 mm (3.4 in)
efficiency of 37%; a better efficiency than some of the diesel engines that were available at the time of its release.
94.6 mm (3.72 in)
The valves are set at 46° and are accompanied by pistons with shallow valve pockets – thereby eliminating the
need for a shorter connecting rod hence, allowing a suitable compression ratio to be achieved. Long spark plugs 100 mm (3.9 in)
are used and positioned concentric to the cylinder. Power output was rated at 157  bhp. The later engine were Valvetrain Double overhead
suffixed C20XELN to indicate 'Low Noise' revisions (smaller cylinder head port, cast pistons, and different crank cam
bearing size) in line with EU regulations
Combustion
In 1988 the C20XE was introduced, and was fitted with a catalyst and oxygen sensor in the exhaust. This was due Fuel system Multi-port fuel
to new emission standards, which forced manufacturers to equip their cars with a catalytic converter and a lambda injection
or oxygen sensor – this requirement permitted the fitment of the Bosch Motronic 2.5 engine management system.
Engine power output dropped to 150 bhp. Vauxhall complied with the new emission controls in 1988, although Fuel type Gasoline
the legislation wasn't law until 1991. Vehicles fitted with the C20XE engine produced before 1991 can have their
catalytic converter legally removed, and the vehicle will still comply with MOT regulations.

The C20LET engine was introduced in 1992, and was fitted to the Opel/Vauxhall Vectra Turbo/Cavalier Turbo,
Calibra Turbo, and the South African made Opel Astra 200t S. It is similar to the C20XE, apart from the primary
addition of a KKK-16 turbocharger,[13] forged Mahle pistons, Bosch Motronic M2.7 electronic engine control
unit,[13] and black plastic plenum/'top hat' shroud with a 'turbo' script. It produces a DIN rated output of 150 kW
(201  hp), and generates 280 newton-metres (207  lbf⋅ft) of torque.[13] Boost pressure is 0.6 bars (8.7  psi)
continuous with a 0.8 bars (12 psi) overboost.

Some versions of the engine implemented switchable Traction Control (commonly included in the early Astra GSi
models). The inlet had a secondary throttle valve sandwiched underneath the primary throttle body. This is closed
by a motor/arm assembly when the traction control ECU senses loss of grip/spin at the wheels. The engine was
also equipped with a different throttle position sensor (six pin, as opposed to three), and a different coolant temperature sensor (which was black, as
opposed to the normal light blue colour).

The engines that appeared in the early 1990s also swapped the cast metal spark plug cover for a cheaper (and less regarded) plastic version. Those used
round tooth cambelts while the later used square (with a plastic pre-tensioner). There are also subtle differences between the crankshaft, and visible
difference in the pattern of the SFi airbox.

In its last version before production ended, the C20XE came with a new engine management system which included a distributorless ignition system,
namely Bosch Motronic 2.8. The last version was called C20LN (Low Noise) and has a stronger engine block.

Porosity issues

In 1991, the Coscast cylinder head was replaced with the GM cylinder head which was manufactured by Kolben-Schmidt.[14][15] One of the most
prominently recognized qualities of the Coscast head is its inherent lack of porosity; this was achieved by pumping the liquid metal into the mold rather
than pouring it, hence, minimizing the presence of tiny air bubbles that usually form during the standard casting process. The Coscast head can be
identified by a Coscast logo which is stamped under the 3rd exhaust port and a ridge on the head under the distributor.

The GM head was a poured casting, and featured a slightly different oil/water gallery design. These design changes required that a pair of Welch plugs be
pressed in at either end of the head. In situations where a complete C20XE is still fitted to a vehicle, the presence of Welch plugs (or lack of) has proven to
be the sole means of differentiating between GM and Coscast heads. A reinforced version of the GM head became available in the later years of the
C20XE; however, these reinforcements meant that it had smaller inlet/exhaust channels than the other two.[16]

Since an engine's oil circulates at much higher pressures than its coolant, oil in a porous head has a tendency to gradually seep into the coolant galleries. A
typical symptom of a porous head is usually a 'mayonnaise'-like substance forming somewhere inside the cooling system (usually, this can be found
residing on the coolant reservoir cap). However, depending on the degree of porosity, symptoms of a porous head have a tendency to vary. Many C20XE
operators have described the symptom as a curry-like residue or in more severe cases, a thick brown sludge which may overcome the entire cooling
system. In such instances, engine oil will readily react with the sulfur in rubber components, hence quickly degrading coolant pipes and hoses to the point
of failure. During the porous head debacle, GM faced bankruptcy – therefore dealers failed to recall affected models. Due in part, to the engine's immense
prominence and demand, many businesses now specialize in the repair of porous GM C20XE/LET heads – by either sleeving the affected gallery or by
injecting a polymer based substance into the porous region. Reportedly, a small number of total GM C20XE cylinder heads ever exhibited significant
symptoms of porosity.[17]

Motorsport

The C20XE has seen extensive use in motorsport. Typical uses for the engine have ranged from hillclimb events, to open wheel racing categories. Despite
its age, it remains the powerplant of choice for many Formula 3 teams and has most recently found acclaim in the Australian F3 scene where Tim Macrow,
the 2007 Australian F3 champion, drove an Opel-Spiess powered car to claim victory. Tuned by Spiess, an F3 grade C20XE is easily capable of producing
250 bhp (190 kW) in its naturally aspirated form. Many aftermarket tuners have further developed the C20XE for racing purposes. The C20XE was used
by the Chevrolet WTCC (World Touring Car Championship) team and the Lada WTCC team. The engine was also an option in Westfield kitcars. The
engine is a favourite for both N/A and turbo motoring enthusiasts for its robust design, materials and construction

Compression
Engine Power Torque Fuel Delivery Engine Management Applications
Ratio
Sequential multi-port fuel Bosch Motronic 2.5 (no catalytic Opel Kadett
20XE 115 kW (156 PS) 203 N⋅m (150 lb⋅ft) 10.5:1
injection converter) Opel Vectra

Lada 110
1989–1994 Opel
Calibra
Bosch Motronic 2.5 1988–1992 Opel
110 kW (150 PS) at 196 N⋅m (145 lb⋅ft) at Sequential multi-port fuel
C20XE 10.5:1 Kadett
6000 rpm 4600 rpm injection Bosch Motronic 2.8
1988–1995 Opel
Vectra
1991–1996 Opel
Astra

Opel Astra 200t S

Opel Calibra A
Turbo
150 kW (204 PS) at 280 N⋅m (207 lb⋅ft) at Sequential multi-port fuel
C20LET 9.0:1 Bosch Motronic 2.7 Opel Kadett 200t
5600 rpm 2400 rpm injection
S
Opel Vectra A
Turbo

Ecotec branded models (in association with Lotus)

1.8

The X18XE was branded as Ecotec. All these engines feature an 81.6 mm (3.21 in) bore and an 86.0 mm (3.39 in) stroke.

2.0

The X20XEV is the first Family II engine branded as Ecotec, a mass-market successor to the C20XE with a Lotus-developed cylinder head. The new
cylinder head had a smaller valve angle compared to the older C20XE, to give more torque in the lower revs. It is a 1,998  cc (121.9  cu  in) naturally
aspirated engine with 16 valves and belt driven double overhead camshafts (DOHC). 86 mm (3.4 in) bore and stroke in cast-iron OHC-derived cylinder
block and aluminium cylinder head. The X20XEV was equipped with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) to reduce nitrogen dioxide emissions and air
injection reactor (AIR) to speed up the warming up of the catalytic converter and to reduce unburnt hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide. The engine is
capable of producing 100 kW (136 PS; 134 bhp).[18] A higher output version called the X20XER produced 118 kW (158 hp) @ 6500 rpm and 188 N⋅m
(139 lb⋅ft) @ 4300 rpm.

The Z20LET is a turbocharged version of the X20XEV for the Opel Astra G and features an 8.8:1 compression, 200 PS; 197 hp (147 kW) and 195 lb⋅ft
(264 N⋅m) of torque. From 2005, the Z20LET engine was revised for the Astra H and Zafira B, to three different model designations, Z20LEL, Z20LER
and Z20LEH. The differing designations denote the engine power output, 170 hp (127 kW), 200 hp (149 kW) and 240 hp (179 kW). Further revisions to
the original design include under-piston oil cooling, a revised turbocharger unit and the deletion of the contra-rotating balancer shafts in the 240  hp
(179 kW) Z20LEH engine (as used in the Astra VXR), to reduce mechanical losses. The Z20LEH also features high quality Mahle forged pistons, which
are much stronger than the cast pistons fitted to the Z20LET, Z20LEL and Z20LER.

The 2.0-litre X20SED D-TEC 16 Valve DOHC MPFi was built by Holden and used in the Daewoo Nubira.

The L34 also known as the U20SED is a 2.0  L (1,998  cc (121.9  cu  in)) engine that was built until 2009 by Holden in Australia, dubbed D-TEC by
GMDAT (the new Daewoo after the buyout from GM) or E-TEC II by Chevrolet (GM). It has an 86.0 mm (3.39 in) bore and stroke. Power is rated at
119 hp (89 kW) in South America and Europe, 126 hp in Canada, and 132 hp in the United States; all are at 5400 rpm and torque is rated at 126 lb⋅ft
(171 N⋅m). The engine has been used on the Daewoo Lacetti and its various rebadged models, such as the Chevrolet Optra, Suzuki Reno, and Suzuki
Forenza.

This engine was discontinued in 2010 and new generation open deck engines replaced starts with a prefix of the letter A e.g. A20NHT A20NHH
A20NFT....
 Compression
Engine Power Torque Fuel Delivery Engine Management Applications
Ratio

1994–2002 Opel Astra

185 Nm at Siemens Simtec 1995–1997 Opel Calibra
X20XEV 136 PS; 134 hp (100 kW) 10.8:1
4000 rpm 56.1/56.5/70 1994–2003 Opel Omega
1994–2002 Opel Vectra

188 Nm at
X20XER 160 PS (118 kW) 10.8:1 Siemens Simtec 70 1999–2001 Opel Astra OPC
4300 rpm

2001–2004 Vauxhall Astra

Coupe Turbo
2002 Vauxhall Astra SRi
Turbo
197 lb⋅ft Sequential multi-port fuel Bosch Motronic 2003–2004 Vauxhall Astra GSi
Z20LET 147 kW (200 PS) 8.8:1 Vauxhall Zafira GSi
(267 N⋅m) injection ME1.5.5
Vauxhall VX220 Turbo
Opel Astra OPC
Opel Zafira OPC
Opel Speedster Turbo

2004–2010 Vauxhall Astra

193 lb⋅ft Sequential multi-port fuel Bosch Motronic 2004–2010 Vauxhall Zafira
Z20LEL 125 kW (170 PS) 8.8:1
(262 N⋅m) injection ME7.6 2004–2010 Opel Astra
2004–2010 Opel Zafira

2004–2010 Vauxhall Astra SRi

Turbo
2004–2010 Vauxhall Zafira
193 lb⋅ft Sequential multi-port fuel Bosch Motronic SRi Turbo
Z20LER 147 kW (200 PS) 8.8:1
(262 N⋅m) injection ME7.6
2004–2010 Opel Astra
2004–2010 Opel Zafira
Lotus Europa S

Vauxhall Astra VXR

236 lb⋅ft Sequential multi-port fuel Bosch Motronic Vauxhall Zafira VXR
Z20LEH 177 kW (241 PS) 8.8:1
(320 N⋅m) injection ME7.6 Opel Astra OPC
Opel Zafira OPC

X20SED Multi-port fuel injection 1998–2005 Daewoo Nubira[19]

1997-2007 Daewoo Leganza

1998–2000 Buick Century

(China)
1999–2008 Buick Regal
(China)
U20SED 119–132 hp (89–98 kW) at 126 lb⋅ft 2006–2009 Chevrolet Epica
(L34) 5400 rpm (171 N⋅m) (China)
Daewoo Magnus
Suzuki Forenza
Suzuki Reno

2.2

The 2.2 L engine was a derivative of the GM Family II engine introduced in 1995 built by Holden in Australia that saw usage first in Australian and
European versions of Isuzu-derived trucks and SUVs, and was later used in the Isuzu Rodeo and Daewoo Leganza. The X22XE was also used in the
Opel/Vauxhall Sintra (1996–1999). The 2.2-liter shares many details together all listed below:

Bore: 86.0 mm
Stroke: 94.6 mm
Volume: 2198 cc

X22XE

Power: 100 kW (130 hp) @ 5200 rpm, 104 kW (139 hp) @ 5400 rpm (Sintra)

Torque: 202 N⋅m (149 lb⋅ft) @ 2600 rpm
Compression ratio: 10.5:1
Engine management: Bosch Motronic M 1.5.4
Octane requirement: 91/95/98, with knock control
Control: timing belt
Exhaust system: AGR, regulated catalytic
Properties: balance shafts

Y22xe (used on Omega, 1999–2003)

Power: 106 kW (142 hp) @ 5400 rpm

Torque: 205 N⋅m (151 lb⋅ft) @ 4000 rpm
 Compression ratio: 10.5:1
Engine management: Siemens Simtec 71
Octane requirement: 91/95/98, with knock control
Control: timing belt
Exhaust system: AGR, regulated catalytic
Properties: balance shafts, electronic throttle, cruise control

Z22xe (used on Omega, 1999–2003)

Specifications as Y22xe, but at the power: 106 kW @ 5800 rpm.

Further applications:

Isuzu Faster
Isuzu MU/Isuzu Amigo (1995–2004)
Opel/Vauxhall Frontera (1998–2004)
Honda Passport (1998–2002)
Opel Omega
Opel Blazer (Indonesian market)

2.4
X24SFD—2.4 L (2405 cc) SFI DOHC 16V - Chevrolet Astra, Chevrolet Vectra

150 hp at 5200 rpm

228 Nm at 4000 rpm

Z24XE—2.4 L (2405 cc) DOHC – Chevrolet Captiva, Opel Antara (2006–2010), this engine was built by Holden until 2009. The 2006
Chevrolet Vectra also received a 2.4 L 16V FlexPower engine.

100–103 kW (134–138 hp) at 5200 rpm

220 N⋅m (160 lb⋅ft) at 2200 rpm

See also
Family 1 engine
List of GM engines

References
1. "Werk Kaiserslautern. Zahlen und Fakten" (http://media.gm.com/media/de/de/opel/company_opel/Werke/Kaiserslautern.html).
Retrieved 29 December 2014.
2. "Holden stops Family II engine Production" (http://www.zercustoms.com/news/Holden-Stops-Family-II-Engine-Production.html). Zer
Customs. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
3. "GM do Brasil Milestones: 1980 – 1989" (http://history.gmheritagecenter.com/wiki/index.php/GM_do_Brasil_Milestones:_1980_-
_1989). Retrieved 29 December 2014.
4. "Werk Kaiserslautern. Zahlen und Fakten" (http://media.gm.com/media/de/de/opel/company_opel/Werke/Kaiserslautern.html)
[Kaiserslauten plant: Data and facts] (in German). Opel AG. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
5. "Astra-Cavalier Product Guide" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140726121937/http://vauxpedianet.uk2sitebuilder.com/vauxhall-family-i
i-diesel-engine---t79-astra-j82-cavalier-dealer-product-guide). Archived from the original (http://vauxpedianet.uk2sitebuilder.com/vauxh
all-family-ii-diesel-engine---t79-astra-j82-cavalier-dealer-product-guide) on 26 July 2014. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
6. Isakson, Börje, ed. (1982-09-22). "Kadett Diesel nu i Sverige" [Kadett Diesel now in Sweden]. Teknikens Värld (in Swedish). Vol. 34,
no. 20. Stockholm, Sweden: Specialtidningsförlaget AB. p. 55.
7. Yoffie, David B. (May 1993). Beyond free trade : firms, governments, and global competition (https://books.google.com/books?id=g9RB
mG8M4wEC&q=GM%27s+J-car+program&pg=PA221). Boston, Mass.: Harvard Business School Press. p. 221. ISBN 978-
0875843445. Retrieved 30 July 2014.
8. "Motoroversigt. Opel Benzin- og Diesel-motorer ('57-'86)" (http://historisk-opelklub.dk/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Motoroversigt.pdf)
(PDF). Retrieved 29 December 2014.
9. "DaRkMuCk's GM LT3 Engine Website" (http://lt3engine.i8.com/specs/LT3.html). Lt3engine.i8.com. Retrieved 4 June 2012.
10. "Modules – Liste" (http://www.obd-2.de/liste.xls). ODB-2 Website. 2005. Retrieved 25 May 2008.
11. "Interview with Dr Fritz indra" (http://www.calibrawiki.com/images/d/db/Vauxhall_Calibra_Designer_Interview.pdf) (PDF).
CalibraWiki.com. Retrieved 13 April 2008.
12. "C20XE conversion list" (https://web.archive.org/web/20071008075029/http://www.mantamagic.com/red+top+conversion+list.htm).
Robbie's Manta Site. Archived from the original (http://www.mantamagic.com/red%20top%20conversion%20list.htm) on 8 October
2007. Retrieved 5 July 2007.
13. "Vauxhall Cavalier Turbo information" (http://www.ctor.co.uk/the_car.php). The Cavalier Turbo Owner's Register. Retrieved
3 November 2009.
14. "Benefits of Coscast head" (http://www.sbdev.co.uk/History_files/History_BudgetHorsepower.htm). Retrieved 15 November 2010.
15. "What engines are affected with porous heads" (http://www.topbuzz.co.uk/info/porous_heads/porous_heads.htm). Retrieved
15 November 2010.
16. "Detailed GM & Cosworth difference photos" (http://www.vauxhall-sport-forum.com/phpBB2/coscast-vs-gm-heads-pics-t309.html).
Vauxsport. Retrieved 13 April 2008.
17. "Porous GM Head Info" (https://web.archive.org/web/20080418193427/http://orsas.com/CarStuff/cav/index.php). Scoobler. Archived
from the original (http://www.orsas.com/CarStuff/cav/index.php) on 18 April 2008. Retrieved 22 April 2008.
18. Vauxhall, "Vauxhall Calibra DTM Special Edition Sales Brochure", 1995.
19. Autopedia online – www.autopedia.net.au

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